/*
 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	@(#)kern_fork.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 4/8/94
 * $Id: kern_fork.c,v 1.45 1997/07/06 02:40:41 dyson Exp $
 */

#include "opt_ktrace.h"

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/sysproto.h>
#include <sys/filedesc.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/resourcevar.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/acct.h>
#include <sys/ktrace.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>	

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/vm_inherit.h>

#ifdef SMP
int fast_vfork = 0;	/* Doesn't work on SMP yet */
#else
int fast_vfork = 1;
#endif
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, fast_vfork, CTLFLAG_RW, &fast_vfork, 0, "");

static int fork1 __P((struct proc *p, int flags, int *retval));

/*
 * These are the stuctures used to create a callout list for things to do
 * when forking a process
 */
typedef struct fork_list_element {
	struct fork_list_element *next;
	forklist_fn function;
} *fle_p;

static fle_p	fork_list;

#ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
struct fork_args {
	int     dummy;
};
#endif

/* ARGSUSED */
int
fork(p, uap, retval)
	struct proc *p;
	struct fork_args *uap;
	int retval[];
{
	return (fork1(p, (RFFDG|RFPROC), retval));
}

/* ARGSUSED */
int
vfork(p, uap, retval)
	struct proc *p;
	struct vfork_args *uap;
	int retval[];
{
	return (fork1(p, (RFFDG|RFPROC|RFPPWAIT|(fast_vfork ? RFMEM : 0)),
		retval));
}

/* ARGSUSED */
int
rfork(p, uap, retval)
	struct proc *p;
	struct rfork_args *uap;
	int retval[];
{
	return (fork1(p, uap->flags, retval));
}


int	nprocs = 1;		/* process 0 */
static int nextpid = 0;

static int
fork1(p1, flags, retval)
	register struct proc *p1;
	int flags;
	int retval[];
{
	register struct proc *p2, *pptr;
	register uid_t uid;
	struct proc *newproc;
	int count;
	static int pidchecked = 0;
	fle_p ep ;

	ep = fork_list;

	if ((flags & (RFFDG|RFCFDG)) == (RFFDG|RFCFDG))
		return (EINVAL);

#ifdef SMP
	/*
	 * FATAL now, we cannot have the same PTD on both cpus, the PTD
	 * needs to move out of PTmap and be per-process, even for shared
	 * page table processes.  Unfortunately, this means either removing
	 * PTD[] as a fixed virtual address, or move it to the per-cpu map
	 * area for SMP mode.  Both cases require seperate management of
	 * the per-process-even-if-PTmap-is-shared PTD.
	 */
	if (flags & RFMEM) {
		printf("shared address space fork attempted: pid: %d\n",
		    p1->p_pid);
		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * Here we don't create a new process, but we divorce
	 * certain parts of a process from itself.
	 */
	if ((flags & RFPROC) == 0) {

		/*
		 * Divorce the memory, if it is shared, essentially
		 * this changes shared memory amongst threads, into
		 * COW locally.
		 */
		if ((flags & RFMEM) == 0) {
			if (p1->p_vmspace->vm_refcnt > 1) {
				vmspace_unshare(p1);
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Close all file descriptors.
		 */
		if (flags & RFCFDG) {
			struct filedesc *fdtmp;
			fdtmp = fdinit(p1);
			fdfree(p1);
			p1->p_fd = fdtmp;
		}

		/*
		 * Unshare file descriptors (from parent.)
		 */
		if (flags & RFFDG) {
			if (p1->p_fd->fd_refcnt > 1) {
				struct filedesc *newfd;
				newfd = fdcopy(p1);
				fdfree(p1);
				p1->p_fd = newfd;
			}
		}
		return (0);
	}

	/*
	 * Although process entries are dynamically created, we still keep
	 * a global limit on the maximum number we will create.  Don't allow
	 * a nonprivileged user to use the last process; don't let root
	 * exceed the limit. The variable nprocs is the current number of
	 * processes, maxproc is the limit.
	 */
	uid = p1->p_cred->p_ruid;
	if ((nprocs >= maxproc - 1 && uid != 0) || nprocs >= maxproc) {
		tablefull("proc");
		return (EAGAIN);
	}
	/*
	 * Increment the nprocs resource before blocking can occur.  There
	 * are hard-limits as to the number of processes that can run.
	 */
	nprocs++;

	/*
	 * Increment the count of procs running with this uid. Don't allow
	 * a nonprivileged user to exceed their current limit.
	 */
	count = chgproccnt(uid, 1);
	if (uid != 0 && count > p1->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur) {
		(void)chgproccnt(uid, -1);
		/*
		 * Back out the process count
		 */
		nprocs--;
		return (EAGAIN);
	}

	/* Allocate new proc. */
	MALLOC(newproc, struct proc *, sizeof(struct proc), M_PROC, M_WAITOK);

/*
 * Setup linkage for kernel based threading
 */
	if((flags & RFTHREAD) != 0) {
		newproc->p_peers = p1->p_peers;
		p1->p_peers = newproc;
		newproc->p_leader = p1->p_leader;
	} else {
		newproc->p_peers = 0;
		newproc->p_leader = newproc;
	}

	newproc->p_wakeup = 0;

	/*
	 * Find an unused process ID.  We remember a range of unused IDs
	 * ready to use (from nextpid+1 through pidchecked-1).
	 */
	nextpid++;
retry:
	/*
	 * If the process ID prototype has wrapped around,
	 * restart somewhat above 0, as the low-numbered procs
	 * tend to include daemons that don't exit.
	 */
	if (nextpid >= PID_MAX) {
		nextpid = 100;
		pidchecked = 0;
	}
	if (nextpid >= pidchecked) {
		int doingzomb = 0;

		pidchecked = PID_MAX;
		/*
		 * Scan the active and zombie procs to check whether this pid
		 * is in use.  Remember the lowest pid that's greater
		 * than nextpid, so we can avoid checking for a while.
		 */
		p2 = allproc.lh_first;
again:
		for (; p2 != 0; p2 = p2->p_list.le_next) {
			while (p2->p_pid == nextpid ||
			    p2->p_pgrp->pg_id == nextpid) {
				nextpid++;
				if (nextpid >= pidchecked)
					goto retry;
			}
			if (p2->p_pid > nextpid && pidchecked > p2->p_pid)
				pidchecked = p2->p_pid;
			if (p2->p_pgrp->pg_id > nextpid &&
			    pidchecked > p2->p_pgrp->pg_id)
				pidchecked = p2->p_pgrp->pg_id;
		}
		if (!doingzomb) {
			doingzomb = 1;
			p2 = zombproc.lh_first;
			goto again;
		}
	}

	p2 = newproc;
	p2->p_stat = SIDL;			/* protect against others */
	p2->p_pid = nextpid;
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&allproc, p2, p_list);
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(PIDHASH(p2->p_pid), p2, p_hash);

	/*
	 * Make a proc table entry for the new process.
	 * Start by zeroing the section of proc that is zero-initialized,
	 * then copy the section that is copied directly from the parent.
	 */
	bzero(&p2->p_startzero,
	    (unsigned) ((caddr_t)&p2->p_endzero - (caddr_t)&p2->p_startzero));
	bcopy(&p1->p_startcopy, &p2->p_startcopy,
	    (unsigned) ((caddr_t)&p2->p_endcopy - (caddr_t)&p2->p_startcopy));

	p2->p_aioinfo = NULL;

	/*
	 * Duplicate sub-structures as needed.
	 * Increase reference counts on shared objects.
	 * The p_stats and p_sigacts substructs are set in vm_fork.
	 */
	p2->p_flag = P_INMEM;
	if (p1->p_flag & P_PROFIL)
		startprofclock(p2);
	MALLOC(p2->p_cred, struct pcred *, sizeof(struct pcred),
	    M_SUBPROC, M_WAITOK);
	bcopy(p1->p_cred, p2->p_cred, sizeof(*p2->p_cred));
	p2->p_cred->p_refcnt = 1;
	crhold(p1->p_ucred);

	/* bump references to the text vnode (for procfs) */
	p2->p_textvp = p1->p_textvp;
	if (p2->p_textvp)
		VREF(p2->p_textvp);

	if (flags & RFCFDG)
		p2->p_fd = fdinit(p1);
	else if (flags & RFFDG)
		p2->p_fd = fdcopy(p1);
	else
		p2->p_fd = fdshare(p1);

	/*
	 * If p_limit is still copy-on-write, bump refcnt,
	 * otherwise get a copy that won't be modified.
	 * (If PL_SHAREMOD is clear, the structure is shared
	 * copy-on-write.)
	 */
	if (p1->p_limit->p_lflags & PL_SHAREMOD)
		p2->p_limit = limcopy(p1->p_limit);
	else {
		p2->p_limit = p1->p_limit;
		p2->p_limit->p_refcnt++;
	}

	/*
	 * Preserve some flags in subprocess.
	 */
	p2->p_flag |= p1->p_flag & P_SUGID;
	if (p1->p_session->s_ttyvp != NULL && p1->p_flag & P_CONTROLT)
		p2->p_flag |= P_CONTROLT;
	if (flags & RFPPWAIT)
		p2->p_flag |= P_PPWAIT;
	LIST_INSERT_AFTER(p1, p2, p_pglist);

	/*
	 * Attach the new process to its parent.
	 *
	 * If RFNOWAIT is set, the newly created process becomes a child
	 * of init.  This effectively disassociates the child from the
	 * parent.
	 */
	if (flags & RFNOWAIT)
		pptr = initproc;
	else
		pptr = p1;
	p2->p_pptr = pptr;
	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&pptr->p_children, p2, p_sibling);
	LIST_INIT(&p2->p_children);

#ifdef KTRACE
	/*
	 * Copy traceflag and tracefile if enabled.
	 * If not inherited, these were zeroed above.
	 */
	if (p1->p_traceflag&KTRFAC_INHERIT) {
		p2->p_traceflag = p1->p_traceflag;
		if ((p2->p_tracep = p1->p_tracep) != NULL)
			VREF(p2->p_tracep);
	}
#endif

	/*
	 * set priority of child to be that of parent
	 */
	p2->p_estcpu = p1->p_estcpu;

	/*
	 * This begins the section where we must prevent the parent
	 * from being swapped.
	 */
	p1->p_flag |= P_NOSWAP;

	/*
	 * Finish creating the child process.  It will return via a different
	 * execution path later.  (ie: directly into user mode)
	 */
	vm_fork(p1, p2, flags);

	/*
	 * Both processes are set up, now check if any LKMs want
	 * to adjust anything.
	 *   What if they have an error? XXX
	 */
	while (ep) {
		(*ep->function)(p1, p2, flags);
		ep = ep->next;
	}

	/*
	 * Make child runnable and add to run queue.
	 */
	microtime(&(p2->p_stats->p_start));
	p2->p_acflag = AFORK;
	(void) splhigh();
	p2->p_stat = SRUN;
	setrunqueue(p2);
	(void) spl0();

	/*
	 * Now can be swapped.
	 */
	p1->p_flag &= ~P_NOSWAP;

	/*
	 * Preserve synchronization semantics of vfork.  If waiting for
	 * child to exec or exit, set P_PPWAIT on child, and sleep on our
	 * proc (in case of exit).
	 */
	while (p2->p_flag & P_PPWAIT)
		tsleep(p1, PWAIT, "ppwait", 0);

	/*
	 * Return child pid to parent process,
	 * marking us as parent via retval[1].
	 */
	retval[0] = p2->p_pid;
	retval[1] = 0;
	return (0);
}

/*
 * The next two functionms are general routines to handle adding/deleting
 * items on the fork callout list.
 *
 * at_fork():
 * Take the arguments given and put them onto the fork callout list,
 * However first make sure that it's not already there.
 * Returns 0 on success or a standard error number.
 */
int
at_fork(forklist_fn function)
{
	fle_p ep;

	/* let the programmer know if he's been stupid */
	if (rm_at_fork(function)) 
		printf("fork callout entry already present\n");
	ep = malloc(sizeof(*ep), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
	if (ep == NULL)
		return (ENOMEM);
	ep->next = fork_list;
	ep->function = function;
	fork_list = ep;
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Scan the exit callout list for the given items and remove them.
 * Returns the number of items removed.
 * Theoretically this value can only be 0 or 1.
 */
int
rm_at_fork(forklist_fn function)
{
	fle_p *epp, ep;
	int count;

	count= 0;
	epp = &fork_list;
	ep = *epp;
	while (ep) {
		if (ep->function == function) {
			*epp = ep->next;
			free(ep, M_TEMP);
			count++;
		} else {
			epp = &ep->next;
		}
		ep = *epp;
	}
	return (count);
}