/*- * Copyright (c) 1994-1995 Søren Schmidt * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer * in this position and unchanged. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products * derived from this software withough specific prior written permission * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * $Id: linux_misc.c,v 1.28 1997/04/28 02:53:17 msmith Exp $ */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include int linux_alarm(struct proc *p, struct linux_alarm_args *args, int *retval) { struct itimerval it, old_it; struct timeval tv; int s; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): alarm(%d)\n", p->p_pid, args->secs); #endif it.it_value.tv_sec = (long)args->secs; it.it_value.tv_usec = 0; it.it_interval.tv_sec = 0; it.it_interval.tv_usec = 0; s = splclock(); old_it = p->p_realtimer; tv = time; if (timerisset(&old_it.it_value)) if (timercmp(&old_it.it_value, &tv, <)) timerclear(&old_it.it_value); else timevalsub(&old_it.it_value, &tv); splx(s); if (itimerfix(&it.it_value) || itimerfix(&it.it_interval)) return EINVAL; s = splclock(); untimeout(realitexpire, (caddr_t)p); tv = time; if (timerisset(&it.it_value)) { timevaladd(&it.it_value, &tv); timeout(realitexpire, (caddr_t)p, hzto(&it.it_value)); } p->p_realtimer = it; splx(s); if (old_it.it_value.tv_usec) old_it.it_value.tv_sec++; *retval = old_it.it_value.tv_sec; return 0; } int linux_brk(struct proc *p, struct linux_brk_args *args, int *retval) { #if 0 struct vmspace *vm = p->p_vmspace; vm_offset_t new, old; int error; if ((vm_offset_t)args->dsend < (vm_offset_t)vm->vm_daddr) return EINVAL; if (((caddr_t)args->dsend - (caddr_t)vm->vm_daddr) > p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur) return ENOMEM; old = round_page((vm_offset_t)vm->vm_daddr) + ctob(vm->vm_dsize); new = round_page((vm_offset_t)args->dsend); *retval = old; if ((new-old) > 0) { if (swap_pager_full) return ENOMEM; error = vm_map_find(&vm->vm_map, NULL, 0, &old, (new-old), FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0); if (error) return error; vm->vm_dsize += btoc((new-old)); *retval = (int)(vm->vm_daddr + ctob(vm->vm_dsize)); } return 0; #else struct vmspace *vm = p->p_vmspace; vm_offset_t new, old; struct obreak_args /* { char * nsize; } */ tmp; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): brk(%08x)\n", p->p_pid, args->dsend); #endif old = (vm_offset_t)vm->vm_daddr + ctob(vm->vm_dsize); new = (vm_offset_t)args->dsend; tmp.nsize = (char *) new; if (((caddr_t)new > vm->vm_daddr) && !obreak(p, &tmp, retval)) retval[0] = (int)new; else retval[0] = (int)old; return 0; #endif } int linux_uselib(struct proc *p, struct linux_uselib_args *args, int *retval) { struct nameidata ni; struct vnode *vp; struct exec *a_out; struct vattr attr; vm_offset_t vmaddr; unsigned long file_offset; vm_offset_t buffer; unsigned long bss_size; int error; caddr_t sg; int locked; sg = stackgap_init(); CHECKALTEXIST(p, &sg, args->library); #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): uselib(%s)\n", p->p_pid, args->library); #endif a_out = NULL; locked = 0; vp = NULL; NDINIT(&ni, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | LOCKLEAF, UIO_SYSSPACE, args->library, p); if (error = namei(&ni)) goto cleanup; vp = ni.ni_vp; if (vp == NULL) { error = ENOEXEC; /* ?? */ goto cleanup; } /* * From here on down, we have a locked vnode that must be unlocked. */ locked++; /* * Writable? */ if (vp->v_writecount) { error = ETXTBSY; goto cleanup; } /* * Executable? */ if (error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, &attr, p->p_ucred, p)) goto cleanup; if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) || ((attr.va_mode & 0111) == 0) || (attr.va_type != VREG)) { error = ENOEXEC; goto cleanup; } /* * Sensible size? */ if (attr.va_size == 0) { error = ENOEXEC; goto cleanup; } /* * Can we access it? */ if (error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, p->p_ucred, p)) goto cleanup; if (error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, p->p_ucred, p)) goto cleanup; /* * Lock no longer needed */ VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0, p); locked = 0; /* * Pull in executable header into kernel_map */ error = vm_mmap(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t *)&a_out, PAGE_SIZE, VM_PROT_READ, VM_PROT_READ, 0, (caddr_t)vp, 0); if (error) goto cleanup; /* * Is it a Linux binary ? */ if (((a_out->a_magic >> 16) & 0xff) != 0x64) { error = ENOEXEC; goto cleanup; } /* While we are here, we should REALLY do some more checks */ /* * Set file/virtual offset based on a.out variant. */ switch ((int)(a_out->a_magic & 0xffff)) { case 0413: /* ZMAGIC */ file_offset = 1024; break; case 0314: /* QMAGIC */ file_offset = 0; break; default: error = ENOEXEC; goto cleanup; } bss_size = round_page(a_out->a_bss); /* * Check various fields in header for validity/bounds. */ if (a_out->a_text & PAGE_MASK || a_out->a_data & PAGE_MASK) { error = ENOEXEC; goto cleanup; } /* text + data can't exceed file size */ if (a_out->a_data + a_out->a_text > attr.va_size) { error = EFAULT; goto cleanup; } /* * text/data/bss must not exceed limits * XXX: this is not complete. it should check current usage PLUS * the resources needed by this library. */ if (a_out->a_text > MAXTSIZ || a_out->a_data + bss_size > MAXDSIZ || a_out->a_data+bss_size > p->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA].rlim_cur) { error = ENOMEM; goto cleanup; } /* * prevent more writers */ vp->v_flag |= VTEXT; /* * Check if file_offset page aligned,. * Currently we cannot handle misalinged file offsets, * and so we read in the entire image (what a waste). */ if (file_offset & PAGE_MASK) { #ifdef DEBUG printf("uselib: Non page aligned binary %d\n", file_offset); #endif /* * Map text+data read/write/execute */ /* a_entry is the load address and is page aligned */ vmaddr = trunc_page(a_out->a_entry); /* get anon user mapping, read+write+execute */ error = vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &vmaddr, a_out->a_text + a_out->a_data, FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0); if (error) goto cleanup; /* map file into kernel_map */ error = vm_mmap(kernel_map, &buffer, round_page(a_out->a_text + a_out->a_data + file_offset), VM_PROT_READ, VM_PROT_READ, 0, (caddr_t)vp, trunc_page(file_offset)); if (error) goto cleanup; /* copy from kernel VM space to user space */ error = copyout((caddr_t)(buffer + file_offset), (caddr_t)vmaddr, a_out->a_text + a_out->a_data); /* release temporary kernel space */ vm_map_remove(kernel_map, buffer, buffer + round_page(a_out->a_text + a_out->a_data + file_offset)); if (error) goto cleanup; } else { #ifdef DEBUG printf("uselib: Page aligned binary %d\n", file_offset); #endif /* * for QMAGIC, a_entry is 20 bytes beyond the load address * to skip the executable header */ vmaddr = trunc_page(a_out->a_entry); /* * Map it all into the process's space as a single copy-on-write * "data" segment. */ error = vm_mmap(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, &vmaddr, a_out->a_text + a_out->a_data, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FIXED, (caddr_t)vp, file_offset); if (error) goto cleanup; } #ifdef DEBUG printf("mem=%08x = %08x %08x\n", vmaddr, ((int*)vmaddr)[0], ((int*)vmaddr)[1]); #endif if (bss_size != 0) { /* * Calculate BSS start address */ vmaddr = trunc_page(a_out->a_entry) + a_out->a_text + a_out->a_data; /* * allocate some 'anon' space */ error = vm_map_find(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, NULL, 0, &vmaddr, bss_size, FALSE, VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0); if (error) goto cleanup; } cleanup: /* * Unlock vnode if needed */ if (locked) VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0, p); /* * Release the kernel mapping. */ if (a_out) vm_map_remove(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t)a_out, (vm_offset_t)a_out + PAGE_SIZE); return error; } /* XXX move */ struct linux_select_argv { int nfds; fd_set *readfds; fd_set *writefds; fd_set *exceptfds; struct timeval *timeout; }; int linux_select(struct proc *p, struct linux_select_args *args, int *retval) { struct linux_select_argv linux_args; struct linux_newselect_args newsel; int error; #ifdef SELECT_DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): select(%x)\n", p->p_pid, args->ptr); #endif if ((error = copyin((caddr_t)args->ptr, (caddr_t)&linux_args, sizeof(linux_args)))) return error; newsel.nfds = linux_args.nfds; newsel.readfds = linux_args.readfds; newsel.writefds = linux_args.writefds; newsel.exceptfds = linux_args.exceptfds; newsel.timeout = linux_args.timeout; return linux_newselect(p, &newsel, retval); } int linux_newselect(struct proc *p, struct linux_newselect_args *args, int *retval) { struct select_args bsa; struct timeval tv0, tv1, utv, *tvp; caddr_t sg; int error; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): newselect(%d, %x, %x, %x, %x)\n", p->p_pid, args->nfds, args->readfds, args->writefds, args->exceptfds, args->timeout); #endif error = 0; bsa.nd = args->nfds; bsa.in = args->readfds; bsa.ou = args->writefds; bsa.ex = args->exceptfds; bsa.tv = args->timeout; /* * Store current time for computation of the amount of * time left. */ if (args->timeout) { if ((error = copyin(args->timeout, &utv, sizeof(utv)))) goto select_out; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): incoming timeout (%d/%d)\n", p->p_pid, utv.tv_sec, utv.tv_usec); #endif if (itimerfix(&utv)) { /* * The timeval was invalid. Convert it to something * valid that will act as it does under Linux. */ sg = stackgap_init(); tvp = stackgap_alloc(&sg, sizeof(utv)); utv.tv_sec += utv.tv_usec / 1000000; utv.tv_usec %= 1000000; if (utv.tv_usec < 0) { utv.tv_sec -= 1; utv.tv_usec += 1000000; } if (utv.tv_sec < 0) timerclear(&utv); if ((error = copyout(&utv, tvp, sizeof(utv)))) goto select_out; bsa.tv = tvp; } microtime(&tv0); } error = select(p, &bsa, retval); #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): real select returns %d\n", p->p_pid, error); #endif if (error) { /* * See fs/select.c in the Linux kernel. Without this, * Maelstrom doesn't work. */ if (error == ERESTART) error = EINTR; goto select_out; } if (args->timeout) { if (*retval) { /* * Compute how much time was left of the timeout, * by subtracting the current time and the time * before we started the call, and subtracting * that result from the user-supplied value. */ microtime(&tv1); timevalsub(&tv1, &tv0); timevalsub(&utv, &tv1); if (utv.tv_sec < 0) timerclear(&utv); } else timerclear(&utv); #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): outgoing timeout (%d/%d)\n", p->p_pid, utv.tv_sec, utv.tv_usec); #endif if ((error = copyout(&utv, args->timeout, sizeof(utv)))) goto select_out; } select_out: #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): newselect_out -> %d\n", p->p_pid, error); #endif return error; } int linux_getpgid(struct proc *p, struct linux_getpgid_args *args, int *retval) { struct proc *curproc; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): getpgid(%d)\n", p->p_pid, args->pid); #endif if (args->pid != p->p_pid) { if (!(curproc = pfind(args->pid))) return ESRCH; } else curproc = p; *retval = curproc->p_pgid; return 0; } int linux_fork(struct proc *p, struct linux_fork_args *args, int *retval) { int error; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): fork()\n", p->p_pid); #endif if (error = fork(p, (struct fork_args *)args, retval)) return error; if (retval[1] == 1) retval[0] = 0; return 0; } /* XXX move */ struct linux_mmap_argv { linux_caddr_t addr; int len; int prot; int flags; int fd; int pos; }; int linux_mmap(struct proc *p, struct linux_mmap_args *args, int *retval) { struct mmap_args /* { caddr_t addr; size_t len; int prot; int flags; int fd; long pad; off_t pos; } */ bsd_args; int error; struct linux_mmap_argv linux_args; if ((error = copyin((caddr_t)args->ptr, (caddr_t)&linux_args, sizeof(linux_args)))) return error; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): mmap(%08x, %d, %d, %08x, %d, %d)\n", p->p_pid, linux_args.addr, linux_args.len, linux_args.prot, linux_args.flags, linux_args.fd, linux_args.pos); #endif bsd_args.flags = 0; if (linux_args.flags & LINUX_MAP_SHARED) bsd_args.flags |= MAP_SHARED; if (linux_args.flags & LINUX_MAP_PRIVATE) bsd_args.flags |= MAP_PRIVATE; if (linux_args.flags & LINUX_MAP_FIXED) bsd_args.flags |= MAP_FIXED; if (linux_args.flags & LINUX_MAP_ANON) bsd_args.flags |= MAP_ANON; bsd_args.addr = linux_args.addr; bsd_args.len = linux_args.len; bsd_args.prot = linux_args.prot | PROT_READ; /* always required */ bsd_args.fd = linux_args.fd; bsd_args.pos = linux_args.pos; bsd_args.pad = 0; return mmap(p, &bsd_args, retval); } int linux_msync(struct proc *p, struct linux_msync_args *args, int *retval) { struct msync_args bsd_args; bsd_args.addr = args->addr; bsd_args.len = args->len; bsd_args.flags = 0; /* XXX ignore */ return msync(p, &bsd_args, retval); } int linux_pipe(struct proc *p, struct linux_pipe_args *args, int *retval) { int error; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): pipe(*)\n", p->p_pid); #endif if (error = pipe(p, 0, retval)) return error; if (error = copyout(retval, args->pipefds, 2*sizeof(int))) return error; *retval = 0; return 0; } int linux_time(struct proc *p, struct linux_time_args *args, int *retval) { struct timeval tv; linux_time_t tm; int error; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): time(*)\n", p->p_pid); #endif microtime(&tv); tm = tv.tv_sec; if (args->tm && (error = copyout(&tm, args->tm, sizeof(linux_time_t)))) return error; *retval = tm; return 0; } struct linux_times_argv { long tms_utime; long tms_stime; long tms_cutime; long tms_cstime; }; #define CLK_TCK 100 /* Linux uses 100 */ #define CONVTCK(r) (r.tv_sec * CLK_TCK + r.tv_usec / (1000000 / CLK_TCK)) int linux_times(struct proc *p, struct linux_times_args *args, int *retval) { struct timeval tv; struct linux_times_argv tms; struct rusage ru; int error; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): times(*)\n", p->p_pid); #endif calcru(p, &ru.ru_utime, &ru.ru_stime, NULL); tms.tms_utime = CONVTCK(ru.ru_utime); tms.tms_stime = CONVTCK(ru.ru_stime); tms.tms_cutime = CONVTCK(p->p_stats->p_cru.ru_utime); tms.tms_cstime = CONVTCK(p->p_stats->p_cru.ru_stime); if ((error = copyout((caddr_t)&tms, (caddr_t)args->buf, sizeof(struct linux_times_argv)))) return error; microtime(&tv); timevalsub(&tv, &boottime); *retval = (int)CONVTCK(tv); return 0; } /* XXX move */ struct linux_newuname_t { char sysname[65]; char nodename[65]; char release[65]; char version[65]; char machine[65]; char domainname[65]; }; int linux_newuname(struct proc *p, struct linux_newuname_args *args, int *retval) { struct linux_newuname_t linux_newuname; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): newuname(*)\n", p->p_pid); #endif bzero(&linux_newuname, sizeof(struct linux_newuname_args)); strncpy(linux_newuname.sysname, ostype, 64); strncpy(linux_newuname.nodename, hostname, 64); strncpy(linux_newuname.release, osrelease, 64); strncpy(linux_newuname.version, version, 64); strncpy(linux_newuname.machine, machine, 64); strncpy(linux_newuname.domainname, domainname, 64); return (copyout((caddr_t)&linux_newuname, (caddr_t)args->buf, sizeof(struct linux_newuname_t))); } struct linux_utimbuf { linux_time_t l_actime; linux_time_t l_modtime; }; int linux_utime(struct proc *p, struct linux_utime_args *args, int *retval) { struct utimes_args /* { char *path; struct timeval *tptr; } */ bsdutimes; struct timeval tv[2], *tvp; struct linux_utimbuf lut; int error; caddr_t sg; sg = stackgap_init(); CHECKALTEXIST(p, &sg, args->fname); #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): utime(%s, *)\n", p->p_pid, args->fname); #endif if (args->times) { if ((error = copyin(args->times, &lut, sizeof lut))) return error; tv[0].tv_sec = lut.l_actime; tv[0].tv_usec = 0; tv[1].tv_sec = lut.l_modtime; tv[1].tv_usec = 0; /* so that utimes can copyin */ tvp = (struct timeval *)stackgap_alloc(&sg, sizeof(tv)); if ((error = copyout(tv, tvp, sizeof(tv)))) return error; bsdutimes.tptr = tvp; } else bsdutimes.tptr = NULL; bsdutimes.path = args->fname; return utimes(p, &bsdutimes, retval); } int linux_waitpid(struct proc *p, struct linux_waitpid_args *args, int *retval) { struct wait_args /* { int pid; int *status; int options; struct rusage *rusage; } */ tmp; int error, tmpstat; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): waitpid(%d, 0x%x, %d)\n", p->p_pid, args->pid, args->status, args->options); #endif tmp.pid = args->pid; tmp.status = args->status; tmp.options = args->options; tmp.rusage = NULL; if (error = wait4(p, &tmp, retval)) return error; if (args->status) { if (error = copyin(args->status, &tmpstat, sizeof(int))) return error; if (WIFSIGNALED(tmpstat)) tmpstat = (tmpstat & 0xffffff80) | bsd_to_linux_signal[WTERMSIG(tmpstat)]; else if (WIFSTOPPED(tmpstat)) tmpstat = (tmpstat & 0xffff00ff) | (bsd_to_linux_signal[WSTOPSIG(tmpstat)]<<8); return copyout(&tmpstat, args->status, sizeof(int)); } else return 0; } int linux_wait4(struct proc *p, struct linux_wait4_args *args, int *retval) { struct wait_args /* { int pid; int *status; int options; struct rusage *rusage; } */ tmp; int error, tmpstat; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): wait4(%d, 0x%x, %d, 0x%x)\n", p->p_pid, args->pid, args->status, args->options, args->rusage); #endif tmp.pid = args->pid; tmp.status = args->status; tmp.options = args->options; tmp.rusage = args->rusage; if (error = wait4(p, &tmp, retval)) return error; p->p_siglist &= ~sigmask(SIGCHLD); if (args->status) { if (error = copyin(args->status, &tmpstat, sizeof(int))) return error; if (WIFSIGNALED(tmpstat)) tmpstat = (tmpstat & 0xffffff80) | bsd_to_linux_signal[WTERMSIG(tmpstat)]; else if (WIFSTOPPED(tmpstat)) tmpstat = (tmpstat & 0xffff00ff) | (bsd_to_linux_signal[WSTOPSIG(tmpstat)]<<8); return copyout(&tmpstat, args->status, sizeof(int)); } else return 0; } int linux_mknod(struct proc *p, struct linux_mknod_args *args, int *retval) { caddr_t sg; struct mknod_args bsd_mknod; struct mkfifo_args bsd_mkfifo; sg = stackgap_init(); CHECKALTCREAT(p, &sg, args->path); #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): mknod(%s, %d, %d)\n", p->p_pid, args->path, args->mode, args->dev); #endif if (args->mode & S_IFIFO) { bsd_mkfifo.path = args->path; bsd_mkfifo.mode = args->mode; return mkfifo(p, &bsd_mkfifo, retval); } else { bsd_mknod.path = args->path; bsd_mknod.mode = args->mode; bsd_mknod.dev = args->dev; return mknod(p, &bsd_mknod, retval); } } /* * UGH! This is just about the dumbest idea I've ever heard!! */ int linux_personality(struct proc *p, struct linux_personality_args *args, int *retval) { #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): personality(%d)\n", p->p_pid, args->per); #endif if (args->per != 0) return EINVAL; /* Yes Jim, it's still a Linux... */ retval[0] = 0; return 0; } /* * Wrappers for get/setitimer for debugging.. */ int linux_setitimer(struct proc *p, struct linux_setitimer_args *args, int *retval) { struct setitimer_args bsa; struct itimerval foo; int error; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): setitimer(%08x, %08x)\n", p->p_pid, args->itv, args->oitv); #endif bsa.which = args->which; bsa.itv = args->itv; bsa.oitv = args->oitv; if (args->itv) { if ((error = copyin((caddr_t)args->itv, (caddr_t)&foo, sizeof(foo)))) return error; #ifdef DEBUG printf("setitimer: value: sec: %d, usec: %d\n", foo.it_value.tv_sec, foo.it_value.tv_usec); printf("setitimer: interval: sec: %d, usec: %d\n", foo.it_interval.tv_sec, foo.it_interval.tv_usec); #endif } return setitimer(p, &bsa, retval); } int linux_getitimer(struct proc *p, struct linux_getitimer_args *args, int *retval) { struct getitimer_args bsa; #ifdef DEBUG printf("Linux-emul(%d): getitimer(%08x)\n", p->p_pid, args->itv); #endif bsa.which = args->which; bsa.itv = args->itv; return getitimer(p, &bsa, retval); }