.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven
.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Søren Schmidt
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd January 27, 2000
.Dt ATA 4
.Os FreeBSD 4.0
.Sh NAME
.Nm ata ,
.Nm acd ,
.Nm ad ,
.Nm afd ,
.Nm ast
.Nd
Generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support:
.Cd device isa
.Cd device ata0 at isa? port IO_WD1 irq 14
.Cd device ata1 at isa? port IO_WD2 irq 15
.Pp
For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support:
.Cd device pci
.Cd device ata
.Pp
To support ATA compliant disk drives:
.Cd device atadisk
.Pp
To support ATAPI CD-ROM, CDR, CDRW, DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives:
.Cd device atapicd
.Pp
To support ATAPI floppy drives,
such as the ZIP and LS120:
.Cd device atapifd
.Pp
To support ATAPI tape drives:
.Cd device atapist
.Pp
To enable static controller and device numbering
(see the
.Sx NOTES
section below):
.Cd options ATA_STATIC_ID
.Pp
To enable DMA on an ATAPI device:
.Cd options ATA_ENABLE_ATAPI_DMA
.Pp
To enable Tagged Queuing support (only IBM DPTA and DTLA drives support that)
.Cd options ATA_ENABLE_TAGS
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This driver provides access to disk drives, ATAPI CD-ROM and DVD drives,
ZIP drives and tape streamers connected to controllers
according to the ATA and ATAPI standards.
These devices are also commonly known as IDE or EIDE devices.
.Pp
The currently supported controllers with their maximum speed include:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" -compact
.It Acerlabs Aladdin
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It AMD 756
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It CMD 646
DMA 2 (WDMA2), 16 MB/sec
.It CMD 648
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It CMD 649
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Cypress 82C693
DMA 2 (WDMA2), 16 MB/sec
.It HighPoint HPT366
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It HighPoint HPT370
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Intel PIIX
DMA 2 (WDMA2), 16 MB/sec
.It Intel PIIX3
DMA 2 (WDMA2), 16 MB/sec
.It Intel PIIX4
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It Intel ICH0
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It Intel ICH
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It Intel ICH2
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-33
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-66
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.It Promise Ultra/Fasttrak-100
Ultra DMA 100 (UDMA5), 100 MB/sec
.It ServerWorks ROSB4 
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It SiS 5591
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It Cyrix 5530
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It VIA 82C586
Ultra DMA 33 (UDMA2), 33 MB/sec
.It VIA 82C686
Ultra DMA 66 (UDMA4), 66 MB/sec
.El
.Pp
All unknown chipsets can be supported at the maximum speed of 16 MB/sec.
.Pp
The ata driver also allows for changes to the transfer mode of the devices
at a later time when the system is up and running.
.Pp
The driver attempts to set the maximum performance transfer mode on your disk
drives by selecting the highest possible DMA mode.
ATAPI devices are left in PIO mode because DMA problems are common despite the
device specifications.
You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using the sysctl
method described here,
but be aware that your hardware might
.Em not
support it and can
.Em hang
the system.
.Pp
To see the devices' current access modes, use the command line:
.Pp
.Dl sysctl hw.atamodes
.Pp
which results in the modes of the devices being displayed as a string
like this:
.Pp
.Dl hw.atamodes: dma,pio,---,pio,dma,---,dma,---,   (--- = no device)
.Pp
This means that ata0-master is in DMA mode,
ata0-slave is in PIO mode,
and so forth.
You can set the mode with sysctl -w and a string like the above,
for example:
.Pp
.Dl sysctl -w hw.atamodes=pio,pio,---,dma,pio,---,dma,---,
.Pp
The new modes are set as soon as the sysctl command returns.
.Pp
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC " -compact
.It Pa /dev/ad*
ATA disk device nodes
.It Pa /dev/acd*
ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes
.It Pa /dev/afd*
ATAPI floppy drive device nodes
.It Pa /dev/ast*
ATAPI tape drive device nodes
.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
sample generic kernel config file for ata based systems
.El
.Sh NOTES
Static numbering
(enabled with the
.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID
kernel option)
reserves a number for each possibly connected disk,
even when not present.
This may result in odd situations where,
for example,
ad0 and ad2 exist in the absence of ad1.
The advantage is that the addition of the formerly absent drive
does not cause the numbers of the other drives to change.
.Pp
The ata driver does not support MFM/RLL/ESDI (ST-506) style disks.
.Pp
Remember that in order to use UDMA4 mode you
.Em have
to use a special 80 conductor cable,
and the driver tries to determine if you have such a cable
attached before setting UDMA4 mode.
.Pp
The use of UDMA4(66MHz) and higher together with non-UDMA4 devices on 
the same ATA channel is not recommended,
unless they are run at the non-UDMA4 device's lower speed.
The driver has been designed to handle that kind of setup but lots of
older devices do not like this.
.Sh AUTHORS
The ata driver was written by
.An S\(/oren Schmidt
.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .
.Pp
This manual page was written by
.An Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven
.Aq asmodai@FreeBSD.org
and
.An S\(/oren Schmidt
.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .