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.Dd December 26, 2011
.Dt THRD_CREATE 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm call_once ,
.Nm cnd_broadcast ,
.Nm cnd_destroy ,
.Nm cnd_init ,
.Nm cnd_signal ,
.Nm cnd_timedwait ,
.Nm cnd_wait ,
.Nm mtx_destroy ,
.Nm mtx_init ,
.Nm mtx_lock ,
.Nm mtx_timedlock ,
.Nm mtx_trylock ,
.Nm mtx_unlock ,
.Nm thrd_create ,
.Nm thrd_current ,
.Nm thrd_detach ,
.Nm thrd_equal ,
.Nm thrd_exit ,
.Nm thrd_join ,
.Nm thrd_sleep ,
.Nm thrd_yield ,
.Nm tss_create ,
.Nm tss_delete ,
.Nm tss_get ,
.Nm tss_set
.Nd C11 threads interface
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libstdthreads
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In threads.h
.Ft void
.Fn call_once "once_flag *flag" "void (*func)(void)"
.Ft int
.Fn cnd_broadcast "cnd_t *cond"
.Ft void
.Fn cnd_destroy "cnd_t *cond"
.Ft int
.Fn cnd_init "cnd_t *cond"
.Ft int
.Fn cnd_signal "cnd_t *cond"
.Ft int
.Fn cnd_timedwait "cnd_t * restrict cond" "mtx_t * restrict mtx" "const struct timespec * restrict ts"
.Ft int
.Fn cnd_wait "cnd_t *cond" "mtx_t *mtx"
.Ft void
.Fn mtx_destroy "mtx_t *mtx"
.Ft int
.Fn mtx_init "mtx_t *mtx" "int type"
.Ft int
.Fn mtx_lock "mtx_t *mtx"
.Ft int
.Fn mtx_timedlock "mtx_t * restrict mtx" "const struct timespec * restrict ts"
.Ft int
.Fn mtx_trylock "mtx_t *mtx"
.Ft int
.Fn mtx_unlock "mtx_t *mtx"
.Ft int
.Fn thrd_create "thrd_t *thr" "int (*func)(void *)" "void *arg"
.Ft thrd_t
.Fn thrd_current "void"
.Ft int
.Fn thrd_detach "thrd_t thr"
.Ft int
.Fn thrd_equal "thrd_t thr0" "thrd_t thr1"
.Ft _Noreturn void
.Fn thrd_exit "int res"
.Ft int
.Fn thrd_join "thrd_t thr" "int *res"
.Ft int
.Fn thrd_sleep "const struct timespec *duration" "struct timespec *remaining"
.Ft void
.Fn thrd_yield "void"
.Ft int
.Fn tss_create "tss_t *key" "void (*dtor)(void *)"
.Ft void
.Fn tss_delete "tss_t key"
.Ft void *
.Fn tss_get "tss_t key"
.Ft int
.Fn tss_set "tss_t key" "void *val"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
As of
.St -isoC-2011 ,
the C standard includes an API for writing multithreaded applications.
Since POSIX.1 already includes a threading API that is used by virtually
any multithreaded application, the interface provided by the C standard
can be considered superfluous.
.Pp
In this implementation, the threading interface is therefore implemented
as a light-weight layer on top of existing interfaces.
The functions to which these routines are mapped, are listed in the
following table.
Please refer to the documentation of the POSIX equivalent functions for
more information.
.Bl -column ".Fn mtx_timedlock" ".Xr pthread_mutex_timedlock 3" -offset indent
.It Em Function Ta Em POSIX equivalent
.It Fn call_once Ta Xr pthread_once 3
.It Fn cnd_broadcast Ta Xr pthread_cond_broadcast 3
.It Fn cnd_destroy Ta Xr pthread_cond_destroy 3
.It Fn cnd_init Ta Xr pthread_cond_init 3
.It Fn cnd_signal Ta Xr pthread_cond_signal 3
.It Fn cnd_timedwait Ta Xr pthread_cond_timedwait 3
.It Fn cnd_wait Ta Xr pthread_cond_wait 3
.It Fn mtx_destroy Ta Xr pthread_mutex_destroy 3
.It Fn mtx_init Ta Xr pthread_mutex_init 3
.It Fn mtx_lock Ta Xr pthread_mutex_lock 3
.It Fn mtx_timedlock Ta Xr pthread_mutex_timedlock 3
.It Fn mtx_trylock Ta Xr pthread_mutex_trylock 3
.It Fn mtx_unlock Ta Xr pthread_mutex_unlock 3
.It Fn thrd_create Ta Xr pthread_create 3
.It Fn thrd_current Ta Xr pthread_self 3
.It Fn thrd_detach Ta Xr pthread_detach 3
.It Fn thrd_equal Ta Xr pthread_equal 3
.It Fn thrd_exit Ta Xr pthread_exit 3
.It Fn thrd_join Ta Xr pthread_join 3
.It Fn thrd_sleep Ta Xr nanosleep 2
.It Fn thrd_yield Ta Xr pthread_yield 3
.It Fn tss_create Ta Xr pthread_key_create 3
.It Fn tss_delete Ta Xr pthread_key_delete 3
.It Fn tss_get Ta Xr pthread_getspecific 3
.It Fn tss_set Ta Xr pthread_setspecific 3
.El
.Sh DIFFERENCES WITH POSIX EQUIVALENTS
The
.Fn thrd_exit
function returns an integer value to the thread calling
.Fn thrd_join ,
whereas the
.Fn pthread_exit
function uses a pointer.
.Pp
The mutex created by
.Fn mtx_init
can be of
.Fa type
.Dv mtx_plain
or
.Dv mtx_timed
to distinguish between a mutex that supports
.Fn mtx_timedlock .
This type can be
.Em or'd
with
.Dv mtx_recursive
to create a mutex that allows recursive acquisition.
These properties are normally set using
.Fn pthread_mutex_init Ns 's
.Fa attr
parameter.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
If successful, the
.Fn cnd_broadcast ,
.Fn cnd_init ,
.Fn cnd_signal ,
.Fn cnd_timedwait ,
.Fn cnd_wait ,
.Fn mtx_init ,
.Fn mtx_lock ,
.Fn mtx_timedlock ,
.Fn mtx_trylock ,
.Fn mtx_unlock ,
.Fn thrd_create ,
.Fn thrd_detach ,
.Fn thrd_equal ,
.Fn thrd_join ,
.Fn thrd_sleep ,
.Fn tss_create
and
.Fn tss_set
functions return
.Dv thrd_success .
Otherwise an error code will be returned to indicate the error.
.Pp
The
.Fn thrd_current
function returns the thread ID of the calling thread.
.Pp
The
.Fn tss_get
function returns the thread-specific data value associated with the
given
.Fa key .
If no thread-specific data value is associated with
.Fa key ,
then the value NULL is returned.
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn cnd_init
and
.Fn thrd_create
functions will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width thrd_timedout
.It Dv thrd_nomem
The system has insufficient memory.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn cnd_timedwait
and
.Fn mtx_timedlock
functions will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width thrd_timedout
.It Dv thrd_timedout
The system time has reached or exceeded the time specified in
.Fa ts
before the operation could be completed.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn mtx_trylock
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width thrd_timedout
.It Dv thrd_busy
The mutex is already locked.
.El
.Pp
In all other cases, these functions may fail by returning general error
code
.Dv thrd_error .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr nanosleep 2 ,
.Xr pthread 3
.Sh STANDARDS
These functions are expected to conform to
.St -isoC-2011 .
.Sh HISTORY
These functions appeared in
.Fx 10.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Ed Schouten Aq ed@FreeBSD.org