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.Dd December 18, 2002
.Dt ACL 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm acl
.Nd introduction to the POSIX.1e ACL security API
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/types.h
.In sys/acl.h
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Fx
permits file systems to export Access Control Lists via the VFS, and
provides a library for userland access to and manipulation of these ACLs.
Not all file systems provide support for ACLs, and some may require that
ACL support be explicitly enabled by the administrator.
The library calls include routines to allocate, duplicate, retrieve, set,
and validate ACLs associated with file objects.
As well as the POSIX.1e routines, there are a number of non-portable
extensions defined that allow for alternative ACL semantics than the
POSIX.1e semantics, such as AFS, NTFS, Coda, and NWFS semantics.
Where routines are non-standard, they are suffixed with _np to indicate that
they are not portable.
.Pp
POSIX.1e describes a set of ACL manipulation routines to manage the
contents of ACLs, as well as their relationships with files; almost
all of these support routines are implemented in
.Fx .
.Pp
Available functions, sorted by behavior, include:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fn acl_add_perm
This function is described in
.Xr acl_add_perm 3 ,
and may be used to add permissions to a permission set.
.It Fn acl_calc_mask
This function is described in
.Xr acl_calc_mask 3 ,
and may be used to calculate and set the permissions associated with
the
.Dv ACL_MASK
entry.
.It Fn acl_clear_perms
This function is described in
.Xr acl_clear_perms 3 ,
and may be used to clear all permissions from a permission set.
.It Fn acl_copy_entry
This function is described in
.Xr acl_copy_entry 3 ,
and may be used to copy the contents of an ACL entry.
.It Fn acl_create_entry
This function is described in
.Xr acl_create_entry 3 ,
and may be used to create an empty entry in an ACL.
.It Xo
.Fn acl_delete_def_file ,
.Fn acl_delete_def_link_np ,
.Fn acl_delete_fd_np ,
.Fn acl_delete_file_np ,
.Fn acl_delete_link_np
.Xc
These functions are described in
.Xr acl_delete 3 ,
and may be used to delete ACLs from file system objects.
.It Fn acl_delete_entry
This function is described in
.Xr acl_delete_entry 3 ,
and may be used to delete an entry from an ACL.
.It Fn acl_delete_perm
This function is described in
.Xr acl_delete_perm 3 ,
and may be used to delete permissions from a permset.
.It Fn acl_dup
This function is described in
.Xr acl_dup 3 ,
and may be used to duplicate an ACL structure.
.It Fn acl_free
This function is described in
.Xr acl_free 3 ,
and may be used to free userland working ACL storage.
.It Fn acl_from_text
This function is described in
.Xr acl_from_text 3 ,
and may be used to convert a text-form ACL into working ACL state, if
the ACL has POSIX.1e semantics.
.It Fn acl_get_entry
This function is described in
.Xr acl_get_entry 3 ,
and may be used to retrieve a designated ACL entry from an ACL.
.It Xo
.Fn acl_get_fd ,
.Fn acl_get_fd_np ,
.Fn acl_get_file ,
.Fn acl_get_link_np
.Xc
These functions are described in
.Xr acl_get 3 ,
and may be used to retrieve ACLs from file system objects.
.It Fn acl_get_permset
This function is described in
.Xr acl_get_permset 3 ,
and may be used to retrieve a permset from an ACL entry.
.It Fn acl_get_qualifier
This function is described in
.Xr acl_get_qualifier 3 ,
and may be used to retrieve the qualifier from an ACL entry.
.It Fn acl_get_tag_type
This function is described in
.Xr acl_get_tag_type 3 ,
and may be used to retrieve the tag type from an ACL entry.
.It Fn acl_init
This function is described in
.Xr acl_init 3 ,
and may be used to allocate a fresh (empty) ACL structure.
.It Xo
.Fn acl_set_fd ,
.Fn acl_set_fd_np ,
.Fn acl_set_file ,
.Fn acl_set_link_np
.Xc
These functions are described in
.Xr acl_set 3 ,
and may be used to assign an ACL to a file system object.
.It Fn acl_set_permset
This function is described in
.Xr acl_set_permset 3 ,
and may be used to set the permissions of an ACL entry from a permset.
.It Fn acl_set_qualifier
This function is described in
.Xr acl_set_qualifier 3 ,
and may be used to set the qualifier of an ACL.
.It Fn acl_set_tag_type
This function is described in
.Xr acl_set_tag_type 3 ,
and may be used to set the tag type of an ACL.
.It Fn acl_to_text
This function is described in
.Xr acl_to_text 3 ,
and may be used to generate a text-form of a POSIX.1e semantics ACL.
.It Xo
.Fn acl_valid ,
.Fn acl_valid_fd_np ,
.Fn acl_valid_file_np ,
.Fn acl_valid_link_np
.Xc
These functions are described in
.Xr acl_valid 3 ,
and may be used to validate an ACL as correct POSIX.1e-semantics, or
as appropriate for a particular file system object regardless of semantics.
.El
.Pp
Documentation of the internal kernel interfaces backing these calls may
be found in
.Xr acl 9 .
The syscalls between the internal interfaces and the public library
routines may change over time, and as such are not documented.
They are not intended to be called directly without going through the
library.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr getfacl 1 ,
.Xr setfacl 1 ,
.Xr acl_add_perm 3 ,
.Xr acl_calc_mask 3 ,
.Xr acl_clear_perms 3 ,
.Xr acl_copy_entry 3 ,
.Xr acl_create_entry 3 ,
.Xr acl_delete_entry 3 ,
.Xr acl_delete_perm 3 ,
.Xr acl_dup 3 ,
.Xr acl_free 3 ,
.Xr acl_from_text 3 ,
.Xr acl_get 3 ,
.Xr acl_get_permset 3 ,
.Xr acl_get_qualifier 3 ,
.Xr acl_get_tag_type 3 ,
.Xr acl_init 3 ,
.Xr acl_set 3 ,
.Xr acl_set_permset 3 ,
.Xr acl_set_qualifier 3 ,
.Xr acl_set_tag_type 3 ,
.Xr acl_to_text 3 ,
.Xr acl_valid 3 ,
.Xr posix1e 3 ,
.Xr acl 9
.Sh STANDARDS
POSIX.1e assigns security labels to all objects, extending the security
functionality described in POSIX.1.
These additional labels provide fine-grained discretionary access control,
fine-grained capabilities, and labels necessary for mandatory access
control.
POSIX.2c describes a set of userland utilities for manipulating these
labels.
.Pp
POSIX.1e is described in IEEE POSIX.1e draft 17.
Discussion of the draft continues on the cross-platform POSIX.1e
implementation mailing list.
To join this list, see the
.Fx
POSIX.1e implementation page for more information.
.Sh HISTORY
POSIX.1e support was introduced in
.Fx 4.0 ;
.Fx 5.0
was the first version to include a complete ACL implementation based
on extended attributes for the UFS and UFS2 file systems.
.Pp
.Xr getfacl 1
and
.Xr setfacl 1
describe the user tools that permit direct manipulation of complete file
ACLs.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Robert N M Watson