.\" $NetBSD: ftp.1,v 1.83 2002/06/05 10:20:48 lukem Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1996-2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation .\" by Luke Mewburn. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD .\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its .\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived .\" from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS .\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED .\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR .\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS .\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR .\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF .\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS .\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN .\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989, 1990, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)ftp.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 10/9/94 .\" .Dd May 18, 2002 .Dt FTP 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm ftp .Nd Internet file transfer program .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm "" .Op Fl 46AadefginpRtvV .Bk -words .Op Fl N Ar netrc .Ek .Bk -words .Op Fl o Ar output .Ek .Bk -words .Op Fl P Ar port .Ek .Bk -words .Op Fl r Ar retry .Ek .Bk -words .Oo .Fl T .Sm off .Xo .Ar dir , .Ar max .Op , Ar inc .Xc .Sm on .Oc .Ek .Bk -words .Oo [\fIuser\fR@]\fIhost\fR .Op Ar port .Oc .Ek .Bk -words [\fIuser\fR@]\fIhost\fR:[\fIpath\fR][/] .Ek .Bk -words .Op file:///\fIpath\fR .Ek .Bk -words .Op ftp://[\fIuser\fR[:\fIpassword\fR]@]\fIhost\fR[:\fIport\fR]/\fIpath\fR[/] .Ek .Bk -words .Op http://[\fIuser\fR[:\fIpassword\fR]@]\fIhost\fR[:\fIport\fR]/\fIpath\fR .Ek .Op Ar \&.\&.\&. .Nm "" .Fl u Ar url .\".Ar ftp://[\fIuser\fR[:\fIpassword\fR]@]\fIhost\fR[:\fIport\fR]/\fIpath\fR[/[file]] .\"| .\".Ar [\fIuser\fR@]\fIhost\fR:[\fIpath\fR][/[\fIfile\fR]] .Bk -words file .Ek .Op Ar \&.\&.\&. .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Protocol. The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote network site. .Pp The last five arguments will fetch a file using the .Tn FTP or .Tn HTTP protocols, or by direct copying, into the current directory. This is ideal for scripts. Refer to .Sx AUTO-FETCHING FILES below for more information. .Pp Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command interpreter. .Bl -tag -width "port " .It Fl 4 Forces .Nm to only use IPv4 addresses. .It Fl 6 Forces .Nm to only use IPv6 addresses. .It Fl A Force active mode ftp. By default, .Nm will try to use passive mode ftp and fall back to active mode if passive is not supported by the server. This option causes .Nm to always use an active connection. It is only useful for connecting to very old servers that do not implement passive mode properly. .It Fl a Causes .Nm to bypass normal login procedure, and use an anonymous login instead. .It Fl d Enables debugging. .It Fl e Disables command line editing. This is useful for Emacs ange-ftp mode. .It Fl f Forces a cache reload for transfers that go through the .Tn FTP or .Tn HTTP proxies. .It Fl g Disables file name globbing. .It Fl i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers. .It Fl n Restrains .Nm from attempting .Dq auto-login upon initial connection. If auto-login is enabled, .Nm will check the .Pa .netrc (see below) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists, .Nm will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to login. .It Fl N Ar netrc Use .Ar netrc instead of .Pa ~/.netrc . Refer to .Sx THE .netrc FILE for more information. .It Fl o Ar output When auto-fetching files, save the contents in .Ar output . .Ar output is parsed according to the .Sx FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS below. If .Ar output is not .Sq - or doesn't start with .Sq \&| , then only the first file specified will be retrieved into .Ar output ; all other files will be retrieved into the basename of their remote name. .It Fl p Enable passive mode operation for use behind connection filtering firewalls. This option has been deprecated as .Nm now tries to use passive mode by default, falling back to active mode if the server does not support passive connections. .It Fl P Ar port Sets the port number to .Ar port . .It Fl r Ar wait Retry the connection attempt if it failed, pausing for .Ar wait seconds. .It Fl R Restart all non-proxied auto-fetches. .It Fl t Enables packet tracing. .It Xo .Fl T .Sm off .Ar direction , .Ar maximum .Op , Ar increment .Sm on .Xc Set the maximum transfer rate for .Ar direction to .Ar maximum bytes/second, and if specified, the increment to .Ar increment bytes/second. Refer to .Ic rate for more information. .It Fl u Ar url file Op \&.\&.\&. Upload files on the command line to .Ar url where .Ar url is one of the ftp URL types as supported by auto-fetch (with an optional target filename for single file uploads), and .Ar file is one or more local files to be uploaded. .It Fl v Enable .Ic verbose and .Ic progress . This is the default if output is to a terminal (and in the case of .Ic progress , .Nm is the foreground process). Forces .Nm to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics. .It Fl V Disable .Ic verbose and .Ic progress , overriding the default of enabled when output is to a terminal. .El .Pp The client host with which .Nm is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, .Nm will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an .Tn FTP server on that host; otherwise, .Nm will enter its command interpreter and await instructions from the user. When .Nm is awaiting commands from the user the prompt .Ql ftp\*[Gt] is provided to the user. The following commands are recognized by .Nm ftp : .Bl -tag -width Fl .It Ic \&! Op Ar command Op Ar args Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments. .It Ic \&$ Ar macro-name Op Ar args Execute the macro .Ar macro-name that was defined with the .Ic macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed. .It Ic account Op Ar passwd Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode. .It Ic append Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If .Ar remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any .Ic ntrans or .Ic nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for .Ic type , .Ic format , .Ic mode , and .Ic structure . .It Ic ascii Set the file transfer .Ic type to network .Tn ASCII . This is the default type. .It Ic bell Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command is completed. .It Ic binary Set the file transfer .Ic type to support binary image transfer. .It Ic bye Terminate the .Tn FTP session with the remote server and exit .Nm ftp . An end of file will also terminate the session and exit. .It Ic case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during .Ic get , .Ic mget and .Ic mput commands. When .Ic case is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case. .It Ic \&cd Ar remote-directory Change the working directory on the remote machine to .Ar remote-directory . .It Ic cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory. .It Ic chmod Ar mode remote-file Change the permission modes of the file .Ar remote-file on the remote system to .Ar mode . .It Ic close Terminate the .Tn FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased. .It Ic \&cr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When .Ic \&cr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with the .Ux single linefeed record delimiter. Records on .Pf non\- Ns Ux remote systems may contain single linefeeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when .Ic \&cr is off. .It Ic debug Op Ar debug-value Toggle debugging mode. If an optional .Ar debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is on, .Nm prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string .Ql \-\-\*[Gt] .It Ic delete Ar remote-file Delete the file .Ar remote-file on the remote machine. .It Ic dir Op Ar remote-path Op Ar local-file Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent information that the server chooses to include; for example, most .Ux systems will produce output from the command .Ql ls \-l . If .Ar remote-path is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, .Nm will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving .Ic dir output. If no local file is specified, or if .Ar local-file is .Sq Fl , the output is sent to the terminal. .It Ic disconnect A synonym for .Ic close . .It Ic edit Toggle command line editing, and context sensitive command and file completion. This is automatically enabled if input is from a terminal, and disabled otherwise. .It Ic epsv4 Toggle the use of the extended .Dv EPSV and .Dv EPRT commands on IPv4 connections; first try .Dv EPSV / .Dv EPRT , and then .Dv PASV / .Dv PORT . This is enabled by default. If an extended command fails then this option will be temporarily disabled for the duration of the current connection, or until .Ic epsv4 is executed again. .It Ic exit A synonym for .Ic bye . .It Ic features Display what features the remote server supports (using the .Dv FEAT command). .It Ic fget Ar localfile Retrieve the files listed in .Ar localfile , which has one line per filename. .It Ic form Ar format Set the file transfer .Ic form to .Ar format . The default (and only supported) format is .Dq non-print . .It Ic ftp Ar host Op Ar port A synonym for .Ic open . .It Ic gate Op Ar host Op Ar port Toggle gate-ftp mode, which used to connect through the TIS FWTK and Gauntlet ftp proxies. This will not be permitted if the gate-ftp server hasn't been set (either explicitly by the user, or from the .Ev FTPSERVER environment variable). If .Ar host is given, then gate-ftp mode will be enabled, and the gate-ftp server will be set to .Ar host . If .Ar port is also given, that will be used as the port to connect to on the gate-ftp server. .It Ic get Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file Retrieve the .Ar remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current .Ic case , .Ic ntrans , and .Ic nmap settings. The current settings for .Ic type , .Ic form , .Ic mode , and .Ic structure are used while transferring the file. .It Ic glob Toggle filename expansion for .Ic mdelete , .Ic mget , .Ic mput , and .Ic mreget . If globbing is turned off with .Ic glob , the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for .Ic mput is done as in .Xr csh 1 . For .Ic mdelete , .Ic mget , and .Ic mreget , each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing .Ql mls remote-files \- Note: .Ic mget , .Ic mput and .Ic mreget are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a .Xr tar 1 archive of the subtree (in binary mode). .It Ic hash Op Ar size Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block transferred. The size of a data block defaults to 1024 bytes. This can be changed by specifying .Ar size in bytes. Enabling .Ic hash disables .Ic progress . .It Ic help Op Ar command Print an informative message about the meaning of .Ar command . If no argument is given, .Nm prints a list of the known commands. .It Ic idle Op Ar seconds Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to .Ar seconds seconds. If .Ar seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is printed. .It Ic image A synonym for .Ic binary . .It Ic lcd Op Ar directory Change the working directory on the local machine. If no .Ar directory is specified, the user's home directory is used. .It Ic less Ar file A synonym for .Ic page . .It Ic lpage Ar local-file Display .Ar local-file with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic lpwd Print the working directory on the local machine. .It Ic \&ls Op Ar remote-path Op Ar local-file A synonym for .Ic dir . .It Ic macdef Ar macro-name Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro .Ar macro-name ; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined until a .Ic close command is executed. The macro processor interprets `$' and `\e' as special characters. A `$' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass `$i' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A `\e' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the `\e' to prevent special treatment of the `$'. .It Ic mdelete Op Ar remote-files Delete the .Ar remote-files on the remote machine. .It Ic mdir Ar remote-files local-file Like .Ic dir , except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, .Nm will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving .Ic mdir output. .It Ic mget Ar remote-files Expand the .Ar remote-files on the remote machine and do a .Ic get for each file name thus produced. See .Ic glob for details on the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to .Ic case , .Ic ntrans , and .Ic nmap settings. Files are transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with .Ql lcd directory ; new local directories can be created with .Ql "\&! mkdir directory" . .It Ic mkdir Ar directory-name Make a directory on the remote machine. .It Ic mls Ar remote-files local-file Like .Ic ls , except multiple remote files may be specified, and the .Ar local-file must be specified. If interactive prompting is on, .Nm will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving .Ic mls output. .It Ic mlsd Op Ar remote-path Display the contents of .Ar remote-path (which should default to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable form, using .Dv MLSD . The format of display can be changed with .Sq "remopts mlst ..." . .It Ic mlst Op Ar remote-path Display the details about .Ar remote-path (which should default to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable form, using .Dv MLST . The format of display can be changed with .Sq "remopts mlst ..." . .It Ic mode Ar mode-name Set the file transfer .Ic mode to .Ar mode-name . The default (and only supported) mode is .Dq stream . .It Ic modtime Ar remote-file Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine. .It Ic more Ar file A synonym for .Ic page . .It Ic mput Ar local-files Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments and do a .Ic put for each file in the resulting list. See .Ic glob for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to .Ic ntrans and .Ic nmap settings. .It Ic mreget Ar remote-files As per .Ic mget , but performs a .Ic reget instead of .Ic get . .It Ic msend Ar local-files A synonym for .Ic mput . .It Ic newer Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current system. If the file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered .Ic newer . Otherwise, this command is identical to .Ar get . .It Ic nlist Op Ar remote-path Op Ar local-file A synonym for .Ic ls . .It Ic nmap Op Ar inpattern outpattern Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during .Ic mput commands and .Ic put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during .Ic mget commands and .Ic get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a .No non\- Ns Ux remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by .Ar inpattern and .Ar outpattern . .Op Ar Inpattern is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the .Ic ntrans and .Ic case settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in .Ar inpattern . Use `\\' to prevent this special treatment of the `$' character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the .Ic nmap .Op Ar inpattern variable values. For example, given .Ar inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The .Ar outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename. The sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by any value resulting from the .Ar inpattern template. The sequence `$0' is replace by the original filename. Additionally, the sequence .Ql Op Ar seq1 , Ar seq2 is replaced by .Op Ar seq1 if .Ar seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by .Ar seq2 . For example, the command .Pp .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file] .Ed .Pp would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input filenames "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in .Ar outpattern , as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/ *$//" \*[Gt] $1' . Use the `\e' character to prevent special treatment of the `$','[',']', and `,' characters. .It Ic ntrans Op Ar inchars Op Ar outchars Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename character translation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, characters in remote filenames are translated during .Ic mput commands and .Ic put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, characters in local filenames are translated during .Ic mget commands and .Ic get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a .No non\- Ns Ux remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in .Ar inchars are replaced with the corresponding character in .Ar outchars . If the character's position in .Ar inchars is longer than the length of .Ar outchars , the character is deleted from the file name. .It Ic open Ar host Op Ar port Establish a connection to the specified .Ar host .Tn FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, .Nm will attempt to contact an .Tn FTP server at that port. If the .Ic auto-login option is on (default), .Nm will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the .Tn FTP server (see below). .It Ic page Ar file Retrieve .Ic file and display with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic passive Op Ic auto Toggle passive mode (if no arguments are given). If .Ic auto is given, act as if .Ev FTPMODE is set to .Sq auto . If passive mode is turned on (default), .Nm will send a .Dv PASV command for all data connections instead of a .Dv PORT command. The .Dv PASV command requests that the remote server open a port for the data connection and return the address of that port. The remote server listens on that port and the client connects to it. When using the more traditional .Dv PORT command, the client listens on a port and sends that address to the remote server, who connects back to it. Passive mode is useful when using .Nm through a gateway router or host that controls the directionality of traffic. (Note that though .Tn FTP servers are required to support the .Dv PASV command by RFC 1123, some do not.) .It Ic pdir Op Ar remote-path Perform .Ic dir .Op Ar remote-path , and display the result with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic pls Op Ar remote-path Perform .Ic ls .Op Ar remote-path , and display the result with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic pmlsd Op Ar remote-path Perform .Ic mlsd .Op Ar remote-path , and display the result with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic preserve Toggle preservation of modification times on retrieved files. .It Ic progress Toggle display of transfer progress bar. The progress bar will be disabled for a transfer that has .Ar local-file as .Sq Fl or a command that starts with .Sq \&| . Refer to .Sx FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS for more information. Enabling .Ic progress disables .Ic hash . .It Ic prompt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selectively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any .Ic mget or .Ic mput will transfer all files, and any .Ic mdelete will delete all files. .Pp When prompting is on, the following commands are available at a prompt: .Bl -tag -width 2n -offset indent .It Ic a Answer .Sq yes to the current file, and automatically answer .Sq yes to any remaining files for the current command. .It Ic n Answer .Sq no , and do not transfer the file. .It Ic p Answer .Sq yes to the current file, and turn off prompt mode (as is .Dq prompt off had been given). .It Ic q Terminate the current operation. .It Ic y Answer .Sq yes , and transfer the file. .It Ic ? Display a help message. .El .Pp Any other reponse will answer .Sq yes to the current file. .It Ic proxy Ar ftp-command Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote .Tn FTP servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first .Ic proxy command should be an .Ic open , to establish the secondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other .Tn FTP commands executable on the secondary connection. The following commands behave differently when prefaced by .Ic proxy : .Ic open will not define new macros during the auto-login process, .Ic close will not erase existing macro definitions, .Ic get and .Ic mget transfer files from the host on the primary control connection to the host on the secondary control connection, and .Ic put , .Ic mput , and .Ic append transfer files from the host on the secondary control connection to the host on the primary control connection. Third party file transfers depend upon support of the .Tn FTP protocol .Dv PASV command by the server on the secondary control connection. .It Ic put Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file Store a local file on the remote machine. If .Ar remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used after processing according to any .Ic ntrans or .Ic nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for .Ic type , .Ic format , .Ic mode , and .Ic structure . .It Ic pwd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine. .It Ic quit A synonym for .Ic bye . .It Ic quote Ar arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote .Tn FTP server. .It Xo .Ic rate Ar direction .Op Ar maximum Op Ar increment .Xc Throttle the maximum transfer rate to .Ar maximum bytes/second. If .Ar maximum is 0, disable the throttle. .Pp .Ar direction may be one of: .Bl -tag -width "all" -offset indent -compact .It Ic all Both directions. .It Ic get Incoming transfers. .It Ic put Outgoing transfers. .El .Pp .Ar maximum can by modified on the fly by .Ar increment bytes (default: 1024) each time a given signal is received: .B .Bl -tag -width "SIGUSR1" -offset indent .It Dv SIGUSR1 Increment .Ar maximum by .Ar increment bytes. .It Dv SIGUSR2 Decrement .Ar maximum by .Ar increment bytes. The result must be a positive number. .El .Pp If .Ar maximum is not supplied, the current throttle rates are displayed. .Pp Note: .Ic rate is not yet implemented for ascii mode transfers. .It Ic rcvbuf Ar size Set the size of the socket receive buffer to .Ar size . .It Ic recv Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file A synonym for .Ic get . .It Ic reget Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file .Ic reget acts like .Ic get , except that if .Ar local-file exists and is smaller than .Ar remote-file , .Ar local-file is presumed to be a partially transferred copy of .Ar remote-file and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of failure. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping connections. .It Ic remopts Ar command Op Ar command-options Set options on the remote .Tn FTP server for .Ar command to .Ar command-options (whose absence is handled on a command-specific basis). Remote .Tn FTP commands known to support options include: .Sq MLST (used for .Dv MLSD and .Dv MLST ) . .It Ic rename Op Ar from Op Ar to Rename the file .Ar from on the remote machine, to the file .Ar to . .It Ic reset Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote .Tn FTP server. Resynchronization may be necessary following a violation of the .Tn FTP protocol by the remote server. .It Ic restart Ar marker Restart the immediately following .Ic get or .Ic put at the indicated .Ar marker . On .Ux systems, marker is usually a byte offset into the file. .It Ic rhelp Op Ar command-name Request help from the remote .Tn FTP server. If a .Ar command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well. .It Ic rmdir Ar directory-name Delete a directory on the remote machine. .It Ic rstatus Op Ar remote-file With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If .Ar remote-file is specified, show status of .Ar remote-file on remote machine. .It Ic runique Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a name equal to the target local filename for a .Ic get or .Ic mget command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that .Ic runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off. .It Ic send Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file A synonym for .Ic put . .It Ic sendport Toggle the use of .Dv PORT commands. By default, .Nm will attempt to use a .Dv PORT command when establishing a connection for each data transfer. The use of .Dv PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the .Dv PORT command fails, .Nm will use the default data port. When the use of .Dv PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use .Dv PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain .Tn FTP implementations which do ignore .Dv PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted. .It Ic set Op Ar "option value" Set .Ar option to .Ar value . If .Ar option and .Ar value are not given, display all of the options and their values. The currently supported options are: .Bl -tag -width "http_proxy" -offset indent .It anonpass Defaults to .Ev $FTPANONPASS .It ftp_proxy Defaults to .Ev $ftp_proxy . .It http_proxy Defaults to .Ev $http_proxy . .It no_proxy Defaults to .Ev $no_proxy . .It pager Defaults to .Ev $PAGER . .It prompt Defaults to .Ev $FTPPROMPT . .It rprompt Defaults to .Ev $FTPRPROMPT . .El .It Ic site Ar arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote .Tn FTP server as a .Dv SITE command. .It Ic size Ar remote-file Return size of .Ar remote-file on remote machine. .It Ic sndbuf Ar size Set the size of the socket send buffer to .Ar size . .It Ic status Show the current status of .Nm ftp . .It Ic struct Ar struct-name Set the file transfer .Ar structure to .Ar struct-name . The default (and only supported) structure is .Dq file . .It Ic sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. The remote .Tn FTP server must support .Tn FTP protocol .Dv STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off. .It Ic system Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine. .It Ic tenex Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to .Tn TENEX machines. .It Ic throttle A synonym for .Ic rate . .It Ic trace Toggle packet tracing. .It Ic type Op Ar type-name Set the file transfer .Ic type to .Ar type-name . If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The default type is network .Tn ASCII . .It Ic umask Op Ar newmask Set the default umask on the remote server to .Ar newmask . If .Ar newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed. .It Ic unset Ar option Unset .Ar option . Refer to .Ic set for more information. .It Ic usage Ar command Print the usage message for .Ar command . .It Xo .Ic user Ar user-name .Op Ar password Op Ar account .Xc Identify yourself to the remote .Tn FTP server. If the .Ar password is not specified and the server requires it, .Nm will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an .Ar account field is not specified, and the .Tn FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an .Ar account field is specified, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless .Nm is invoked with .Dq auto-login disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the .Tn FTP server. .It Ic verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the .Tn FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if verbose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose is on. .It Ic xferbuf Ar size Set the size of the socket send and receive buffers to .Ar size . .It Ic ? Op Ar command A synonym for .Ic help . .El .Pp Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"' marks. .Pp Commands which toggle settings can take an explicit .Ic on or .Ic off argument to force the setting appropriately. .Pp Commands which take a byte count as an argument (e.g., .Ic hash , .Ic rate , and .Ic xferbuf ) support an optional suffix on the argument which changes the interpretation of the argument. Supported suffixes are: .Bl -tag -width 3n -offset indent -compact .It b Causes no modification. (Optional) .It k Kilo; multiply the argument by 1024 .It m Mega; multiply the argument by 1048576 .It g Giga; multiply the argument by 1073741824 .El .Pp If .Nm receives a .Dv SIGINFO (see the .Dq status argument of .Xr stty 1 ) or .Dv SIGQUIT signal whilst a transfer is in progress, the current transfer rate statistics will be written to the standard error output, in the same format as the standard completion message. .Sh AUTO-FETCHING FILES In addition to standard commands, this version of .Nm supports an auto-fetch feature. To enable auto-fetch, simply pass the list of hostnames/files on the command line. .Pp The following formats are valid syntax for an auto-fetch element: .Bl -tag -width "FOO " .It [user@]host:[path][/] .Dq Classic .Tn FTP format. .Pp If .Ar path contains a glob character and globbing is enabled, (see .Ic glob ) , then the equivalent of .Ql mget path is performed. .Pp If the directory component of .Ar path contains no globbing characters, it is stored locally with the name basename (see .Xr basename 1 ) of .Ic path , in the current directory. Otherwise, the full remote name is used as the local name, relative to the local root directory. .It ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/][;type=X] An .Tn FTP URL, retrieved using the .Tn FTP protocol if .Ic "set ftp_proxy" isn't defined. Otherwise, transfer the URL using .Tn HTTP via the proxy defined in .Ic "set ftp_proxy" . If .Ic "set ftp_proxy" isn't defined and .Ar user is given, login as .Ar user . In this case, use .Ar password if supplied, otherwise prompt the user for one. .Pp In order to be compliant with .Cm RFC 1738 , .Nm strips the leading .Sq / from .Ar path , resulting in a transfer relative from the default login directory of the user. If the .Pa / directory is required, use a leading path of .Dq %2F . If a user's home directory is required (and the remote server supports the syntax), use a leading path of .Dq %7Euser/ . For example, to retrieve .Pa /etc/motd from .Sq localhost as the user .Sq myname with the password .Sq mypass , use .Dq ftp://myname:mypass@localhost/%2fetc/motd .Pp If a suffix of .Sq ;type=A or .Sq ;type=I is supplied, then the transfer type will take place as ascii or binary (respectively). The default transfer type is binary. .It http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path An .Tn HTTP URL, retrieved using the .Tn HTTP protocol. If .Ic "set http_proxy" is defined, it is used as a URL to an .Tn HTTP proxy server. If .Tn HTTP authorisation is required to retrieve .Ar path , and .Sq user (and optionally .Sq password ) is in the URL, use them for the first attempt to authenticate. .It file:///path A local URL, copied from .Ar /path . .El .Pp Unless noted otherwise above, and .Fl o Ar output is not given, the file is stored in the current directory as the .Xr basename 1 of .Ar path . .Pp If a classic format or an .Tn FTP URL format has a trailing .Sq / or an empty .Ar path component, then .Nm will connect to the site and .Ic cd to the directory given as the path, and leave the user in interactive mode ready for further input. This will not work if .Ic "set ftp_proxy" is being used. .Pp Direct .Tn HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.1. Proxied .Tn FTP and .Tn HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.0. .Pp If .Fl R is given, all auto-fetches that don't go via the .Tn FTP or .Tn HTTP proxies will be restarted. For .Tn FTP , this is implemented by using .Nm reget instead of .Nm get . For .Tn HTTP , this is implemented by using the .Sq "Range: bytes=" .Tn "HTTP/1.1" directive. .Pp If WWW or proxy WWW authentication is required, you will be prompted to enter a username and password to authenticate with. .Pp When specifying IPv6 numeric addresses in a URL, you need to surround the address in square brackets. E.g.: .Dq ftp://[::1]:21/ . This is because colons are used in IPv6 numeric address as well as being the separator for the port number. .Sh ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers will be halted by sending an .Tn FTP protocol .Dv ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for .Dv ABOR processing. If the remote server does not support the .Dv ABOR command, the prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file. .Pp If the terminal interrupt key sequence is used whilst .Nm is awaiting a reply from the remote server for the ABOR processing, then the connection will be closed. This is different from the traditional behaviour (which ignores the terminal interrupt during this phase), but is considered more useful. .Sh FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS Files specified as arguments to .Nm commands are processed according to the following rules. .Bl -enum .It If the file name .Sq Fl is specified, the .Ar stdin (for reading) or .Ar stdout (for writing) is used. .It If the first character of the file name is .Sq \&| , the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. .Nm then forks a shell, using .Xr popen 3 with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the shell command includes spaces, the argument must be quoted; e.g. .Dq Qq Li \&| ls\ \-lt . A particularly useful example of this mechanism is: .Dq Li dir \&"\&" \&|more . .It Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the .Xr csh 1 ; c.f. the .Ic glob command. If the .Nm command expects a single local file (e.g. .Ic put ) , only the first filename generated by the "globbing" operation is used. .It For .Ic mget commands and .Ic get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be altered by a .Ic case , .Ic ntrans , or .Ic nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if .Ic runique is on. .It For .Ic mput commands and .Ic put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be altered by a .Ic ntrans or .Ic nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if .Ic sunique is on. .El .Sh FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS The .Tn FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The .Ic type may be one of .Dq ascii , .Dq image (binary), .Dq ebcdic , and .Dq local byte size (for .Tn PDP Ns -10's and .Tn PDP Ns -20's mostly). .Nm supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for .Ic tenex mode transfers. .Pp .Nm supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer parameters: .Ic mode , .Ic form , and .Ic struct . .Sh THE .netrc FILE The .Pa .netrc file contains login and initialization information used by the auto-login process. It resides in the user's home directory, unless overridden with the .Fl N Ar netrc option, or specified in the .Ev NETRC environment variable. The following tokens are recognized; they may be separated by spaces, tabs, or new-lines: .Bl -tag -width password .It Ic machine Ar name Identify a remote machine .Ar name . The auto-login process searches the .Pa .netrc file for a .Ic machine token that matches the remote machine specified on the .Nm command line or as an .Ic open command argument. Once a match is made, the subsequent .Pa .netrc tokens are processed, stopping when the end of file is reached or another .Ic machine or a .Ic default token is encountered. .It Ic default This is the same as .Ic machine .Ar name except that .Ic default matches any name. There can be only one .Ic default token, and it must be after all .Ic machine tokens. This is normally used as: .Pp .Dl default login anonymous password user@site .Pp thereby giving the user an automatic anonymous .Tn FTP login to machines not specified in .Pa .netrc . This can be overridden by using the .Fl n flag to disable auto-login. .It Ic login Ar name Identify a user on the remote machine. If this token is present, the auto-login process will initiate a login using the specified .Ar name . .It Ic password Ar string Supply a password. If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string if the remote server requires a password as part of the login process. Note that if this token is present in the .Pa .netrc file for any user other than .Ar anonymous , .Nm will abort the auto-login process if the .Pa .netrc is readable by anyone besides the user. .It Ic account Ar string Supply an additional account password. If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string if the remote server requires an additional account password, or the auto-login process will initiate an .Dv ACCT command if it does not. .It Ic macdef Ar name Define a macro. This token functions like the .Nm .Ic macdef command functions. A macro is defined with the specified name; its contents begin with the next .Pa .netrc line and continue until a blank line (consecutive new-line characters) is encountered. If a macro named .Ic init is defined, it is automatically executed as the last step in the auto-login process. .El .Sh COMMAND LINE EDITING .Nm supports interactive command line editing, via the .Xr editline 3 library. It is enabled with the .Ic edit command, and is enabled by default if input is from a tty. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys, and other GNU Emacs-style editing keys may be used as well. .Pp The .Xr editline 3 library is configured with a .Pa .editrc file - refer to .Xr editrc 5 for more information. .Pp An extra key binding is available to .Nm to provide context sensitive command and filename completion (including remote file completion). To use this, bind a key to the .Xr editline 3 command .Ic ftp-complete . By default, this is bound to the TAB key. .Sh COMMAND LINE PROMPT By default, .Nm displays a command line prompt of .Dq "ftp\*[Gt] " to the user. This can be changed with the .Ic "set prompt" command. .Pp A prompt can be displayed on the right side of the screen (after the command input) with the .Ic "set rprompt" command. .Pp The following formatting sequences are replaced by the given information: .Bl -tag -width "%% " -offset indent .It %/ The current remote working directory. .It %c[[0]\fIn\fR], %.[[0]\fIn\fR] The trailing component of the current remote working directory, or .Em n trailing components if a digit .Em n is given. If .Em n begins with .Sq 0 , the number of skipped components precede the trailing component(s) in the format .Dq /\fI\*[Lt]skipped\*[Gt]\fRtrailing (for .Sq %c ) or .Dq ...trailing (for .Sq %. ) . .It %M The remote host name. .It %m The remote host name, up to the first .Sq \&. . .It %n The remote user name. .It %% A single .Sq % . .El .Sh ENVIRONMENT .Nm uses the following environment variables. .Bl -tag -width "FTPSERVERPORT" .It Ev FTPANONPASS Password to send in an anonymous .Tn FTP transfer. Defaults to .Dq Li `whoami`@ . .It Ev FTPMODE Overrides the default operation mode. Support values are: .Bl -tag -width "passive" .It active active mode .Tn FTP only .It auto automatic determination of passive or active (this is the default) .It gate gate-ftp mode .It passive passive mode .Tn FTP only .El .It Ev FTPPROMPT Command-line prompt to use. Defaults to .Dq "ftp\*[Gt] " . Refer to .Sx COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information. .It Ev FTPRPROMPT Command-line right side prompt to use. Defaults to .Dq "" . Refer to .Sx COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information. .It Ev FTPSERVER Host to use as gate-ftp server when .Ic gate is enabled. .It Ev FTPSERVERPORT Port to use when connecting to gate-ftp server when .Ic gate is enabled. Default is port returned by a .Fn getservbyname lookup of .Dq ftpgate/tcp . .It Ev HOME For default location of a .Pa .netrc file, if one exists. .It Ev NETRC An alternate location of the .Pa .netrc file. .It Ev PAGER Used by various commands to display files. Defaults to .Xr more 1 if empty or not set. .It Ev SHELL For default shell. .It Ev ftp_proxy URL of .Tn FTP proxy to use when making .Tn FTP URL requests (if not defined, use the standard .Tn FTP protocol). .Pp .Em NOTE : this is not used for interactive sessions, only for command-line fetches. .It Ev http_proxy URL of .Tn HTTP proxy to use when making .Tn HTTP URL requests. If proxy authentication is required and there is a username and password in this URL, they will automatically be used in the first attempt to authenticate to the proxy. .Pp Note that the use of a username and password in .Ev ftp_proxy and .Ev http_proxy may be incompatible with other programs that use it (such as .Xr lynx 1 ) . .Pp .Em NOTE : this is not used for interactive sessions, only for command-line fetches. .It Ev no_proxy A space or comma separated list of hosts (or domains) for which proxying is not to be used. Each entry may have an optional trailing ":port", which restricts the matching to connections to that port. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr getservbyname 3 , .Xr editrc 5 , .Xr services 5 , .Xr ftpd 8 .Sh STANDARDS .Nm attempts to be compliant with .Cm RFC 959 , .Cm RFC 1123 , .Cm RFC 1738 , .Cm RFC 2068 , .Cm RFC 2389 , .Cm RFC 2428 , .Cm RFC 2732 , and .Cm draft-ietf-ftpext-mlst-11 . .Sh HISTORY The .Nm command appeared in .Bx 4.2 . .Pp Various features such as command line editing, context sensitive command and file completion, dynamic progress bar, automatic fetching of files and URLs, modification time preservation, transfer rate throttling, configurable command line prompt, and other enhancements over the standard .Bx .Nm were implemented in .Nx 1.3 and later releases by Luke Mewburn \*[Lt]lukem@netbsd.org\*[Gt]. .Pp IPv6 support was added by the WIDE/KAME project (but may not be present in all non-NetBSD versions of this program, depending if the operating system supports IPv6 in a similar manner to KAME). .Sh BUGS Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the remote server. .Pp An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the .Bx 4.2 ascii-mode transfer code has been corrected. This correction may result in incorrect transfers of binary files to and from .Bx 4.2 servers using the ascii type. Avoid this problem by using the binary image type. .Pp .Nm assumes that all IPv4 mapped addresses .Po IPv6 addresses with a form like .Li ::ffff:10.1.1.1 .Pc indicate IPv4 destinations which can be handled by .Dv AF_INET sockets. However, in certain IPv6 network configurations, this assumption is not true. In such an environment, IPv4 mapped addresses must be passed to .Dv AF_INET6 sockets directly. For example, if your site uses a SIIT translator for IPv6-to-IPv4 translation, .Nm is unable to support your configuration.