Updating Information for FreeBSD current users This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh . See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT 5.0-CURRENT IS SLOW: FreeBSD 5.0-CURRENT has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build machines to maximize performance. 20030610: Remove deprecated locale names and transition period code for them, finishing switching to the new scheme. Check your LANG environment variable. 20030509: CCD has been changed to be a fully GEOMified class. Kernel and ccdconfig(8) needs to be in sync, this is particularly important to remember beforehand if your source tree is on a ccd device. Consider making a copy of the old ccdconfig into /boot/kernel.good or wherever you keep your backup kernel. 20030505: Kerberos 5 (Heimdal) is now built by default. Setting MAKE_KERBEROS5 no longer has any effect. If you do NOT want the "base" Kerberos 5, you need to set NO_KERBEROS. 20030502: groff has been updated. If you try to do a buildworld and get an infinite loop in troff, update to May 4th or newer. If you have a newer kernel than userland, you may need to set the OSRELDATE to 500110 in your environment before starting a buildworld. 20030501: The old rc system has been removed. Please report any problems to freebsd-rc@yahoogroups.com, and/or freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Your personal versions of these files will not be removed, so you can continue to use them. However, you should take great care when updating, especially when using mergemaster, since the compatibility code that utilizes these old scripts has also been removed. 20030423: A bug has been fixed in /dev/devctl which would cause devd to hang on boot, were it not for a workaround in devd. The work around in devd will be removed around 20030507. You have until then to upgrade your kernel before updating userland. In general, you should have a userland and kernel that's in sync with each other. However, given the effects of this bug (hang on boot when starting devd), some allowances are made. 20030329: Alphas with libc from between 20030312 and 20030329 exhibit floating point exceptions (FPEs), most notably in awk(1) while upgrading the system through a buildworld. So, to successfully upgrade your Alpha, you must either downgrade your libc.so to a pre-20030312 version, or update /usr/share/mk/bsd.cpu.mk to revision 1.26 which adds -mieee to CFLAGS, then forcibly rebuild and install libc: cd /usr/src/lib/libc && \ make cleandir && make obj && \ make -DNOMAN -DNOPROFILE all && \ make -DNOMAN -DNOPROFILE install 20030208: sendmail 8.12.7 has been imported. It has one important change for IPv6 users. The default submit.mc now uses '[127.0.0.1]' instead of 'localhost' meaning only IPv4 is used to connect to the MTA. Users on IPv6-only machines will need to edit /etc/mail/submit.mc appropriately. 20030128: NODEVFS option has been removed and DEVFS thereby made standard. This makes all references to MAKEDEV obsolete, and they should be removed when convenient. 20030126: The name of the device for the ofw console has changed, sparc64 users must run mergemaster to update their installed /etc/ttys. 20030125: The scheduler framework has grown a second scheduler and consequently you must specify one and only one scheduler in your kernel config. The cvs config files have been updated to use the old scheduler which may be selected via 'options SCHED_4BSD'. If you would like to try the new, much more experimental, scheduler please try 'options SCHED_ULE' and contribute to the arch@ discussion. 20030115: A new version of the wi driver has been imported into the tree. One now must have device wlan in the config file for it to operate properly. In addition, there have been some changes to how wi devices are configured for point to point links to bring it more in line with the former way of doing things, as well as compatibility with NetBSD. 20021222: For a period after the GCC 3.2.1 import (from 12/04 to 12/22), GCC used an incompatible form of ABI for returning structures and unions which FreeBSD's GCC maintainers were not aware of relative to previous versions of FreeBSD. We have gone back to the ABI for now, and any code compiled which is required to interoperate with other code (not built at the same time) returning structs or unions should be rebuilt. 20021216: A name change in /etc/netconfig has been reverted to stay compatible with suns TIRPC and also with NetBSD. You need to run mergemaster after make world. A new libc does still work with an outdated /etc/netconfig for some time, but you'll get a warning. This warning will be removed in 20030301. 20021202: The recent binutils upgrade marks a kernel flag day on sparc64: modules built with the old binutils will not work with new kernels and vice versa. Mismatches will result in panics. Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 20021029: The value of IPPROTO_DIVERT has changed. Make sure to keep your kernel, netstat, natd and any third-party DIVERT consumers in sync. 20021024: Old, compatibility slices have been removed in GEOM kernels. This means that you will have to update your /etc/fstab to not use disk devices of the form /dev/ad0a. Instead, you now must specify /dev/ad0s1a, or whatever slice your FreeBSD partition really is on. The old device names have gone away, so if you use them anywhere else, you must also adjust those uses. (This doesn't affect the disks formatted in the ``dangerously-dedicated'' mode.) 20021023: Alphas with kernels from between 20020830 and 20021023 and/or rtld (ld-elf.so.1) older than 20021023 may experience problems with groff while doing a buildworld (kernel: "out of memory", fixed in rev 1.129 of kern/imgact_elf.c; rtld: "too few PT_LOAD segments", fixed in rev 1.8 of libexec/rtld-elf/map_object.c). So, to successfully upgrade your Alpha, you must either upgrade your kernel and rtld first (which might be a bit tricky), or avoid running the bootstrapped groff during the "transitional" buildworld. To avoid running groff during the transitional upgrade run make buildworld with -DNOMAN, -DNO_SHAREDOCS, and -DNO_LPR. 20020831: gcc has been upgraded to 3.2. It is not all binary compatible with earlier versions of gcc for c++ programs. All c++ programs and libraries need to be recompiled. Also, if you encounter g++ issues, rm /usr/include/g++/* before doing an installworld to make sure that stale files are removed. 20020827: Our /etc/termcap now has all the entries from the XFree86 xterm almost unchanged. This means xterm now supports color by default. If you used TERM=xterm-color in the past you now should use TERM=xterm. (xterm-color will lead to benign warnings). 20020815: A "bug" in gcc(1) that was hiding warning in system headers was fixed. It's probably time to add -DNO_WERROR to your make line again. 20020729: COPY is being deprecated. The 20010530 change was reverted, as it causes far more pain than was expected, and to always compare before installing, please use INSTALL="install -C" again. The -C option is now silently ignored when used with the -d option. 20020702: Problems with libc_r clients like KDE and GNOME have been resolved. There are still some minor problems with some signals but the system is stable enough for general use again. SMP is less so than UP but each can successfully complete multiple buildworlds. Libkvm needs to be recompiled due to KSE. 20020701: Now would be a bad time to upgrade. Something in or near the KSE commit totally broke programs using libc_r like KDE and GNOME. 20020511: The k5su utility installed as part of Kerberos 5 is no longer installed with the set-user-ID bit set by default. Add ENABLE_SUID_K5SU=yes to /etc/make.conf to have it installed with the set-user-ID bit set. 20020510: Gcc 3.1 debugging format (cc -g) has changed from STABS to DWARF2. Unfortunately our native GDB (at version 4.18) does not understand the DWARF2 debugging format. Thus you must use `gcc -gstabs+' to generated debugging information for our native GDB. 20020510: Due to the way CVS works, it may not properly update src/contrib/gcc to the 3.1 sources. The easiest fix is to `rm -rf' src/contrib/gcc and then do a cvs update. 20020421: When exec'ing set[ug]id executables, the kernel now ensures that the stdio file descriptors (0..2) are open. See FreeBSD-SA-02:23.stdio. 20020404: New sendmail startup scripts have been installed to make it easier to use alternative MTAs with FreeBSD. Setting the rc.conf variable sendmail_enable to "NO" no longer prevents any sendmail daemons from starting. Instead, either set sendmail_enable to "NONE" or change mta_start_script to a script for starting an alternative MTA. Setting mta_start_script to "" will also prevent any MTA from being started at boot. 20020403: UCONSOLE is no longer a valid kernel option. 20020315: FreeBSD 5.0 DP-1 was basically branched today. 20020225: Warnings are now errors in the kernel. Unless you are a developer, you should add -DNO_WERROR to your make line. 20020217: sendmail 8.12.2 has been imported. The sendmail binary is no longer a set-user-ID root binary and the infrastructure to support command line mail submission has changed. Be sure to run mergemaster (especially for updating /etc/rc, /etc/defaults/rc.conf, and /etc/mail) and read /etc/mail/README for more details. Due to the import of sendmail 8.12.2, a new user and group are required in order for sendmail to run as a set-group-ID binary. A 'make installworld' will use the new user and group to set the owner and group of /var/spool/clientmqueue and will fail if the new user and group do not exist. The 'smmsp' user and group must be merged from src/etc/group and src/etc/master.passwd before using 'make installworld'. 'mergemaster -p' will do this. You may need to install mergemaster before this will work if you are updating from a very old version of current. The updating recipe has changed as of this date. 20020112: The preferred configuration method for PAM is now /etc/pam.d/ rather than /etc/pam.conf. If you have an unmodified pam.conf, just delete it after your next mergemaster run. If you have local modifications, you can use /usr/src/etc/pam.d/convert.pl to incorporate them into your /etc/pam.d. Please see the following url for more details: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id= 20011229: If anyone here is already using the new rc.conf(5) variable networkfs_types, please note that it has changed http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id=<9744.1009655556@axl.seasidesoftware.co.za> 20011220: sys/i4b/driver/i4b_ispppsubr.c has been retired. This file started out its life in the ISDN4BSD project as an offspring from sys/net/if_spppsubr.c, which eventually got a life of its own. All the accumulated features and bugfixes of the i4b version have now been merged back into the base system's version now. The only user-visible change resulting from this is that i4b's sppp(4) interfaces are to be managed with spppcontrol(8) again, since ispppcontrol(8) has been retired as well. (There has never been rc file support for ispppcontrol in -current, but only in -stable. That will be reverted by the time the changes are MFCed.) 20011215: The fdc(4) driver has been updated and now automatically recognizes media in `standard' formats (like 1440 KB and 720 KB for a 3.5" high-density drive) when accessing the default device node (e. g. /dev/fd0). The old variety of floppy device nodes /dev/fd*.* is no longer present by default, devices can be created (in DEVFS) on demand. They will need to be customized then for `odd' densities using fdcontrol(8). 20011209: The bugs in procfs' debugging support code have been fixed, and truss(1) now works again. 20011207: Daily security checks have been split out to use the periodic(8) scripts. Some change in configuration may be necessary. Please see http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/mid.cgi?db=mid&id=<20011207155805.R8975@blossom.cjclark.org> for details. 20011204: sos added VCD/SVCD support to ata driver and that needs the kernel and burncd to be in sync. 20011203: The procfs pseudo-filesystem has now been converted to use the pseudofs framework. If you have 'options PROCFS' in your kernel config, you'll need to add 'options PSEUDOFS' if it's not there already. This change temporarily breaks truss(1); use ktrace(1) instead until the issue has been resolved. 20011202: A security hole in OpenSSH involving `UseLogin yes' has been patched. 20011126: You need to remove /usr/obj/.../usr.bin/tip before rebuilding after this date. You need to do this only once. 20011103: Most of the awk issues have been resolved. Some rough edges may be left, but for the most part things should be back to "normal." For CURRENT's usual definition of "normal." 20011030: Awk has been upgraded to the one true awk from bell labs. Expect choppy waves in the upgrade process. 20011030: The asr driver problem has been resolved. 20011027: Due to changes in other parts of the system, the asr driver now causes the system to panic on boot. Do not use it pending correction. Comment it out of any kernel config file that you try to use from this date forward. 20011025: When crossbuilding, use TARGET=xxx where you used to use MACHINE=xxx. You don't need to set TARGET_ARCH and TARGET, unless you are changing both of them. To cross build pc98 on an alpha, for example, you need to set TARGET=pc98 and TARGET_ARCH=i386. 20011001: The kernel interface that burncd depends on has changed. You must recompile both the kernel and userland applications at the same time. 20010929: When crossbuilding, please set TARGET_ARCH rather than MACHINE_ARCH to indicate the target. In the future, one will set TARGET_MACHINE where you set MACHINE now. At the moment, setting MACHINE alone for same MACHINE_ARCH machines works (eg, you can build pc98 on an i386 machine and vice versa). 20010927: Some weird problems result from using ACPI on some machines. To disable ACPI you can add hint.acpi.0.disabled="1" to /boot/loader.conf (or by putting set X=Y at the boot loader "ok" prompt). Alternatively, you can remove it from /boot/kernel/acpi.ko or use the MODULES_OVERRIDE function in your kernel config file and not list acpi in that list. 20010924: The buildworld has been fixed. You may need to install the 4.x compatibility libraries for some old binaries to work. Add COMPAT4X=true to your /etc/make.conf to get them installed on every installworld, or execute the following to get them installed only once: cd src/lib/compat/compat4x. make all install You will see ``__stdoutp undefined'' until you do this. 20010919: There's a bug in the world build process. The cross-tools are build with the NEW headers, but the OLD libc.a. This leads to all kinds of problems with the new libc. A temporary workaround is to add CFLAGS="-O -pipe -D_OLD_STDIO" before building world when upgrading from 4.x to current. This can be removed afterwards. A proper fix to the buildworld target is needed. 20010918: Peter has committed his new kthread nfs client/server code. NFS may be unstable after this date. 20010912: KSE has hit the tree. Lots of things are now different in the kernel. While a few problems were introduced in the initial commit, most of the major ones have been found and corrected. 20010901: In OLDCARD, CardBus bridges appear to be stable. The work arounds described in the 20010604 entry are now no longer necessary and will be ignored. Most insert/remove problems have been rectified around this date. 20010823: named now runs as user bind and group bind rather than as root. If named_enable is set to YES in /etc/rc.conf, ensure that user bind is available in /etc/passwd (using vipw(8)) and that group bind is available in /etc/group. Also make sure that user or group bind has read (and not write) permission for your name server configuration and that it has read and write permission for your slave zone files and directory. If you wish to continue to run named as root (a less secure alternative), add a line to /etc/rc.conf saying named_flags= 20010709: The PAM libraries have had an API upgrade that is beyond the ability of the shared library major number to handle. It is manifested by PAM-using ports dumping core. The solution is to rebuild those ports. 20010628: The kernel compile module has moved from src/sys/compile/FOO to src/sys/${MACHINE}/compile/FOO. 20010625: The pccard modem issue from 20010613 has been corrected. OLDCARD support is still a little weak in -current. slot 1 is known not to work on some TI based cardbus bridges. Some cardbus bridges do not properly detect insert/removal events. IRQ configuration needs more safety belts. 20010617: Softupdates problems have been corrected. 20010614: Peter ripped out the linkerset support. You must, as always, rerun config after you cvsup if you are using the traditional kernel building methods. 20010613: pccard modems may not work with current after 20010604 date. Some do, others result in panics. *MAKE*SURE* that you update your config and /etc/rc.conf ala the 20010604 entry, or you will have problems (this issue will be fixed, it just hasn't been yet). 20010613: SOFTUPDATES seem to be broken since the middle of May or so. Do not use them in current. You can disable softupdates on all mounted partitions, or remove SOFTUPDATES the kernel config file. 20010612: After Peter's commits to the hints code, people have been noticing that certain devices are attached (or try to) twice. This is due to having both static hints as well as a /boot/device.hints. To work around this issue, please use only one or the other mechanism until this bug is fixed. Please note that a feature of config is that if you have config file FOO and FOO.hints, it automatically adds FOO.hints to the hints.c file, whether you want it to or not. 20010610: Locale names have changed to match other systems better. 20010604: pccard support for pci cards has been committed. You must change your /etc/pccard.conf irq lines. It must match the irq used by pcic device. Interrupt storms may result if you fail to do this. Interrupt storms look a lot like a hang. You must also install a new pccardd, otherwise you will get an interrupt storm at card reset time (just after it tells you what it is). pccardd_flags="-I" is necessary for the time being. It tells pccardd not to ask the kernel if the interrupt is really free or not before using it. You can either change the /etc/pccard.conf irq lines to match pcic, or add "-i X" to the pccardd_flags. 20010530: INSTALL=install -C is being deprecated. If you want to do this, use COPY=-C instead. The former method will be supported for only a limited time. If you see install: warning: the -d and -C options may not be specified together in your makeworld, then you need to migrate towards using COPY=-C. 20010525: It appears that vm is now stable enough to use again. However, there may be other problems, so caution is still urged. alpha definitely is in bad shape. 20010521: Minor repo damage has happened. This may cause problems with cvsup of ports. If you get errors, please see http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=27495 at the bottom for details on a workaround. The error message is Updater failed: Cannot delete "/usr/ports/www/jakarta-tomcat/files": Directory not empty 20010520: Vm and/or swapping are busted on -current. Please be patient. 20010519: pccard has had much reorganizational work done to it over the past few days. Everything should still work, but if not, please contact imp@freebsd.org. 20010517: ata ioctl changed. Make sure to recompile both kernel and userland at the same time. 20010517: New ncurses imported. 20010512: DEVFS is now opt out, not opt in. Barring major problems, this will be the only way to go starting July 1. 20010504: OpenSSH has been updated to 2.9. Some defaults are different, including RhostsRSAAuthentication, which changes from yes to no. 20010502: Perl breakage in 20010501 was corrected at 14:18:33 PDT. 20010501: Building perl was broken at 02:25:25 PDT. 20010430: The bug in 20010429 was corrected at 07:35:37 PDT. It is safe to go back in the water. 20010429: A bad bug was committed at 04:48:42 PDT. Don't use kernels after this date, but before the correction date. 20010423: old fsck and new kernel interactions appear to have been fixed. 20010411: fsck and the kernel were changed to handle some optimizations to directory layout. This breaks backward compatibility. Update only if you understand that you must not use the old fsck with the new kernel ever. 20010330: fsck has changed the meaning of the pass column in /etc/fstab. Please see the cvs commit to fsck.8 or the fsck.8 man page for details. It is unclear if changes to /etc/fstab are necessary. 20010319: portmap had changed name to rpcbind for maximum POLA in your current world. /etc/hosts.{allow,deny} needs changes. nfs and other rpc based programs that rely on portmapper will not work without updates to /etc/hosts.{allow,deny} and /etc/netconfig. 20010315: ata subsystem changes. ATA_ENABLE_ATAPI_DMA, ATA_ENABLE_WC and ATA_ENABLE_TAGS are no longer kernel options. They have been replaced by tunables. See ata.4 for details. 20010312: The fxp driver was converted to use miibus. If you compile fxp into your kernel statically, you will need to add miibus. 20010312: The wi device now defaults to BSS (infrastructure) mode instead of ad-hoc. 20010310: /dev/urandom should be a symbolic link to /dev/random now. Users of current not using DEVFS need to run MAKEDEV std. ssh might not work if you don't. 20010303: The ed driver has been updated. It now allows mii attachments, which means that you must include the miibus in your kernel if you use the ed driver. 20010220: The problems with libc have been corrected. It is now mostly safe to go back into the water. 20010211: The size of FILE was changed. This breaks upgrading. If you must upgrade, be prepared for pain. It also breaks almost all binaries that you've compiled on -current. You are warned that before upgrading would be a good time to do a level 0 dump of your system. No, really, I mean it this time. To get to the new system, you'll need to use the following workaround. Hopefully this can be sorted out so that we don't have to move this to the updating section. To get around the installworld problem, do: # cd /usr/src/usr.bin/sed # make install # cd /usr/src # make installworld If that doesn't work, then try: # make -k installworld # make installworld 20010207: DEVFS is now the default. If you use vinum, make sure that you do not include devfs in your kernel as problems result. 20010205: FFS_ROOT and CD9660_ROOT have been removed or deprecated. Remove them from your config. 20010122: ****************************** WARNING ****************************** buildkernel has been changed slightly ****************************** WARNING ****************************** KERNCONF replaces the variable KERNEL for buildkernel. You should update your scripts and make.conf accordingly. 20010119: config has changed to allow DEV_FOO as a replacement for NFOO. This requires a new config to build correctly. 20010116: The kernel option I386_CPU is now mutually exclusive with the other cpu types. If you have an i386 system, be sure that it only had this line. Remove it for all other configurations. 20010110: Changes to the kernel require it and burncd be in sync. 20010102: Everyone who has hw.sndunit set to something in /etc/sysctl.conf, it is now hw.snd.unit. 20010101: ex and vi were broken by some changes to sys/queue.h. If you have a bad vi, you will see make buildworld fail with a core dump while building termcap. You can work around this problem by adding -k to your make buildworld. This will cause the build to complete and install a new vi. Once that's done, you can rebuild again without the -k to pick up anything that might have been ignored by the -k option. Others have suggested that you can just rebuild libc if your vi/ex is dynamically linked, but I've not received any reports of this working. 20001228: There have been some changes to libcrypt in -current. The libscrypt/libdescrypt symlink silliness is gone and the installed libcrypt is fully functional. Be aware of this. 20001218: Linksys Fast Ethernet PCCARD cards supported by the ed driver now require the addition of flag 0x80000 to their config line in pccard.conf(5). This flag is not optional. These Linksys cards will not be recognized without it. 20001205: Important new FreeBSD-version stuff: PAM support has been worked in, partially from the "Unix" OpenSSH version. This requires adding the following in pam.conf: sshd auth sufficient pam_skey.so sshd auth required pam_unix.so try_first_pass sshd session required pam_permit.so 20001031: cvs updated to 1.11. 20001020: The random device needs more entropy, so you need to make sure that you've run mergemaster to get a /etc/rc which will seed /dev/random. If you don't and the system hangs after ldconfig, then banging on the keyboard randomly until it unhangs is one workaround. 20001010: ****************************** WARNING ****************************** Sendmail has been updated. ****************************** WARNING ****************************** o mail.local(8) is no longer installed as a set-user-id binary. o sendmail(8) is now built with STARTTLS support unless NO_OPENSSL is set. o The default /etc/mail/sendmail.cf disables the SMTP EXPN and VRFY commands. o Now using sendmail's version of vacation(1). o The sendmail cf building tools (contrib/sendmail/cf) are installed in /usr/share/sendmail/cf. o sendmail.cw changed to local-host-names More details can be found at http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/UPDATING/sendmail-20001010 20001009: The ports tree's new layout is in place. Be sure to update your entire ports tree, or you will have problems. 20001006: The perl build procedure no longer installs miniperl, nor uses the installed miniperl. It is recommended that you delete /usr/bin/miniperl. 20001005: This weekend the ports tree will be updated to a new layout. It will be in an inconsistent state until noted in the UPDATING file, or with asami-san's message to the relevant mailing lists. With this new layout, you'll need to update the whole tree for anything to work. 20000928: There was a change in the passwd format. Need more information. 20000916: /boot/kernel/kernel.ko -> /boot/kernel/kernel change has taken place. Please update boot loader (not the boot blocks) at the same time as your kernel. 20000914: The new pmtimer device is necessary for laptops. Failure to include the device will cause suspended laptops losing time when they resume. Include device pmtimer in your config file and hint.pmtimer.0.at="isa" to your /boot/device.hints file. 20000911: The random device has been turned into a (pseudo-)device, rather than an option. The supplied kernel config files have been updated. You will need to do something similar in your own kernel config file. Remove: options RANDOMDEV Add: device random If you prefer to load the loadable module, you need to do nothing. 20000909: The random device module has been renamed from randomdev.ko to random.ko. You will need to edit your /boot/loader.conf to reflect this if you load this module at boot time. The line should read: random_load="YES" 20000907: The SMPNG commit has happened. It should work, but if it doesn't, fallback to the PRE_SMPNG CVS tag. There are likely to be a variety of minor issues. Please see 20000905 to make sure you don't have model loading problems which might at first blush appear related to SMP. 20000906: nsswitch has been imported from NetBSD. Among other things, this means that /etc/host.conf is no longer used. See nsswitch.conf(5) instead. Note that at boot time rc.network will attempt to produce a new nsswitch.conf file for you if you don't have one, and you have host.conf. 20000905: The ucred structure changed size. This breaks the interface that mountd uses. Trying to use an older mountd with a newer kernel guarantees a panic. This means that you need to use kernels newer than today only with matching mountd, but you needed to do that anyway with the boot loader changes. 20000905: The boot loader has been updated. The new default kernel is now /boot/kernel/kernel.ko. The new default module location is /boot/kernel. You *MUST* upgrade your boot loader and kernel at the same time. The easiest way to do this is to do the buildworld/buildkernel/ installkernel/installworld dance. Furthermore, you are urged to delete your old /modules directory before booting the new kernel, since kldload will find stale modules in that directory instead of finding them in the correct path, /boot/kernel. The most common complaint that this cures is that the linux module crashes your machine after the update. if [ ! -d /boot/kernel.old ]; then mv /modules.old /boot/kernel.old chflags noschg /kernel.old mv /kernel.old /boot/kernel.old/kernel.ko chflags schg /boot/kernel.old/kernel.ko fi 20000904: A new issue with the sendmail upgrade has come to light. /etc/aliases has moved to /etc/mail/aliases. Mergemaster will incorrectly install the default aliases in /etc/mail rather than move the old one from /etc. So you'll need to manually move the file, create a symbolic link, remove the old /etc/aliases.db and run newaliases. For safety sake, you should stop sendmail while doing this and run the upgrade when locally sourced email is not likely to be generated. 20000825: /boot/device.hints is now required for installkernel to succeed. You should copy GENERIC.hints for your architecture into /boot/device.hints. If and only if you compile hints into your kernel, then this file may be empty. Please note, if you have an empty or missing /boot/device.hints file and you neglected to compile hints into your kernel, no boot messages will appear after the boot loader tries to start the kernel. 20000821: If you do NOT have ``options RANDOMDEV'' in your kernel and you DO want the random device then add randomdev_load="YES" to /boot/loader.conf. 20000812: suidperl is now always built and installed on the system, but with permissions of 511. If you have applications that use this program, you are now required to add ENABLE_SUIDPERL=true to /etc/make.conf. If you forget to do this, chmod 4511 /usr/bin/suidperl will fix this until the next build. 20000812: sendmail has been updated from 8.9.3 to 8.11.0. Some of the more visible changes that may immediately affect your configuration include: - New default file locations from src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README - newaliases limited to root and trusted users - MSA port (587) turned on by default - New queue file naming system so can't go from 8.11 -> 8.9 - FEATURE(`rbl') renamed to FEATURE(`dnsbl') - FEATURE(`nullclient') is more full featured - FEATURE(`nouucp') requires an argument: `reject' or `nospecial' - mail.local FreeBSD-only -b option changed to -B - See src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for more info 20000810: suidperl (aka sperl) is no longer build by default. You must specifically define BUILD_SUIDPERL to "true" for it to be build. Furthermore, we recommend that you remove /usr/bin/sperl* and /usr/bin/suidperl files from your system unless you have a specific use for it. 20000729: Networking defaults have been tightened. Anybody upgrading /etc/defaults/rc.conf needs to add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf if they want to have the same setup afterwards (unless the variables already are set, of course): # Enable network daemons for user convenience. inetd_enable="YES" portmap_enable="YES" sendmail_enable="YES" 20000728: If you have null_load="YES" in your /boot/loader.conf, you will need to change that to nullfs_load="YES". 20000728: The "installkernel" target has changed slightly. Now even if you override KERNEL e.g. 'make installkernel KERNEL=MYKERNEL' it will install the MYKERNEL file (built with the buildkernel target) as /kernel rather than /MYKERNEL. Those who have updated their /boot/loader.conf files to point to /MYKERNEL should remove that entry or perform manual rename of /kernel to /MYKERNEL. 20000711: If you use CVSUP or CTM to get CVS trees, AND you used to get the old crypto files from internat.freebsd.org AND you check out files from the CVS tree with the cvs command, please read http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/internat.txt for details on potential problems that you might have and how to get around them. If you are merely a mirror, or don't answer yes to each of the clauses above, you needn't worry. 20000711: /etc/security has been updated to print the inode number of setuid programs that have changed. You will see a large spike in the number of changed programs the first time when you run mergemaster to get a new /etc/security. 20000710: /dev/random now has good entropy collection (from the keyboard and sysmouse drivers). Please ensure that either `options RANDOMDEV' is present in your kernel config file or that `randomdev_load="YES"' is in your /boot/loader.conf. If you do not have the /dev/random driver, OpenSSL (and consequently lots of crypto tools (like SSH)) will fail with strange errors. (see below, 20000624). FreeBSD-current is safe again to run Crypto. 20000709: phk made the malloc default options AJ. This may slow things down and uncover other latent bugs in the code. If you need to run at full speed, you can disable this by doing the following: ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf 20000706: libftpio's version was accidentally bumped a few days ago. This has been corrected. You may need to remove /usr/lib/libftpio.so.6 before doing your next buildworld/installworld pair. It certainly won't hurt to remove it before the update procedure. It will break fetch until a new one is built, but ftp can be used in the interim if needed. 20000705: The crypto packages have changed for the cvsup. This has been done in a backward compatible way, but the old packages will go away at some point in the future. Look at /usr/share/examples/cvsup for details. 20000704: With the new sys/modules/sound/drivers/*, you will need to set SYSDIR until you do an installworld after July 7th. 20000704: rc.shutdown and rc will now call the rc.d scripts with start or stop. This may cause some harmless warnings from older rc.d scripts that haven't been updated. 20000630: The libfetch based version of fetch has gone into the tree. Minor problems may result on some of the less popular sites, which should be reported to des@freebsd.org. 20000625: From approximately this date forward, one must have the crypto system installed in order to build the system and kernel. While not technically strictly true, one should treat it as required and grab the crypto bits. If you are grabbing CVS trees, src-all and cvs-crypto should be treated as if they were required. You should check with the latest collections to make sure that these haven't changed. 20000624: Mark Murray just committed the first parts of a cleanup of /dev/zero, et al. This is also cleaning up /dev/random. The entropy is disconnected, so DO NOT USE VERSIONS OF FREEBSD -CURRENT FROM THIS POINT to 2000710 for cryptographic services until Mark can merge in the fixes to this work in progress. openssh and openssl should not be used to generate keys from this date to the completion of the work. If you must operate at this reduced level of security, add ' options RANDOMDEV' to your kernel or modload the randomdev module. You may also need to copy a new MAKEDEV to /dev and recreate the random and urandom devices. 20000622: The license on the softupdates is now a standard 2 clause BSD license. You may need to remove your symbolic links that used to be required when updating. 20000621: Scott Flatman sent in a decent write-up on the config file update procedure. http://people.freebsd.org/~imp/config-upd.html NOTE: LINT is gone. It has been replaced with NOTES. NOTES isn't buildable. However, you can generate a LINT file: cd /sys//conf && make LINT 20000620: Binutils 2.10 have hit the tree, or will shortly. As soon as they do, the problem noted in 20000522 will be resolved and that workaround will no longer be required. 20000615: phk removed the compatibility creation of wd devices in the ad driver. If you haven't done so already, you must update your fstab, etc to use the ad devices instead of the wd devices. In addition, you'll need to update your boot blocks to a more modern version, if you haven't already done so. Modern here means 4.0 release or newer (although older releases may work). 20000612: Peter took an axe to config(8). Be sure that you read his mail on the topic before even thinking about updating. You will need to create a /boot/device.hints or add a hints directive to your config file to compile them in statically. The format of the config file has changed as well. Please see GENERIC or NEWCARD for examples of the new format. Indirectly, this also breaks USERCONFIG. Unless a newer entry says that it has been fixed, assume that must use the hints mechanism in the loader if you need to use a machine with very old ISA cards in it. 20000522: A new set of binutils went into the tree today. Anybody building a kernel after this point is advised that they need to rebuild their binutils (or better yet do a buildworld/installworld) before building a new kernel. Due to bugs in binutils, using malloc options (eg /etc/malloc.conf or MALLOC_OPTIONS env var) J will cause ld to dump core. It is recommended that you don't set this option until the problem is resolved. 20000513: The ethernet drivers were all updated to clean up the BPF handling. 20000510: The problems with boot blocks on the alphas have been corrected. This will require some care in updating alphas. A new libstand is requires for the boot blocks to build properly. 20000503: Recompile all kld modules. Proper version dependency info is now available. 20000502: Modules have been disconnected from the buildworld tree and connected to the kernel building instead. 20000427: You may need to build gperf cd /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/gperf && make depend all install when upgrading from 4.0 -> current. The build system now uses an option only in -current. 20000417: The method that we brand ELF binaries has changed to be more acceptable to the binutils maintainers. You will need to rebrand your ELF binaries that aren't native. One problem binary is the Linux ldconfig. After your make world, but before you reboot, you'll need to issue: brandelf -t Linux /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig if you have Linux compatibility enabled on your machine. 20000320: If you have really bad/marginal IDE drives, you may find they don't work well. Use pio mode instead. The easiest way to cope if you have a problem combination is to add: /sbin/sysctl hw.ata.ata_dma=0 to the start of /etc/rc.conf. 20000319: The ISA and PCI compatibility shims have been connected to the options COMPAT_OLDISA and COMPAT_OLDPCI. If you are using old style PCI or ISA drivers (i.e. tx, voxware, etc.) you must include the appropriate option in your kernel config. Drivers using the shims should be updated or they won't ship with 5.0-RELEASE, targeted for 2001. 20000318: We've entered the traditional post release dumping party. Large kernel changes are being committed and are in the works. It is important to keep the systems' klds and kernel in sync as kernel interfaces and structures are changing. Before reporting kernel panics, make sure that all modules that you are loading are up to date. 20000315: If you are upgrading from an older version of FreeBSD, you need to update your boot blocks as well. 'disklabel -B ad0' will do the trick. This isn't critical until you remove your wd device entries in /dev, at which point your system will not boot. 20000315: 4.0 RELEASE shipped. Please see the 4.0 UPDATING file for how to upgrade to 4.0 from 3.x. COMMON ITEMS: General Notes ------------- Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when several months have passed on the -current branch). Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its environment when searching for values for global variables. To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. To build a kernel ----------------- If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just a few days old), you should follow this procedure. With a /usr/obj tree with a fresh buildworld, make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up -------------------------------------------------------------- cd src/sys/{i386,alpha}/conf config KERNEL_NAME_HERE cd ../../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE make depend make make install If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. ----------------------------------------------------------- # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. [7] make buildworld make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [1] [3] mergemaster -p [5] make installworld mergemaster [4] To cross-install current onto a separate partition -------------------------------------------------- # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in # size. make buildworld make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE cp /usr/src/sys/${ARCH}/conf/GENERIC.hints \ ${CURRENT_ROOT}/boot/device.hints # as needed make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd To upgrade in-place from 4.x-stable to current ---------------------------------------------- # 5.x uses more space than 4.x. Also, the location of kernel # modules has changed. If you are installing 5.0 onto a 4.x # system, you'll need about 30MB of free disk space on your / # partition. If you have less than this, you may encounter difficult # to back out of problems with this procedure. If /tmp is on # the / partition, you may want to completely remove all its content # before upgrading, as this can be a common source of shortage of # space on /. [7] make buildworld [9] make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] cp src/sys/${MACHINE}/conf/GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints [2] make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE cd src/sys/boot ; make install [6] [1] [3] mergemaster -p [5] rm -rf /usr/include/g++ make installworld mergemaster [4] Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of the UPDATING entries. Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update your sources that you have read and understood all the recent messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has much fewer pitfalls. [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on reboot. [2] If you have legacy ISA devices, you may need to create your own device.hints to reflect your unique hardware configuration. [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do fsck -p mount -u / mount -a cd /usr/src adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. For the 4.x -> 5.0 upgrade, you will also see many messages about needing to recompile your userland. These are harmless and can be ignored while you proceed to the next step. [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists for potential gotchas. [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. [6] 4.x boot loader can be used to boot a 5.x system, however it is difficult to do that at best. If you wish to try, then you should interrupt the boot and at the ok prompt type: ok unload ok boot /boot/kernel/kernel If this fails to work, you must install a new boot loader as described here. [7] Before you upgrade, please make sure that you are not using compatibility slices. These are device names of the form, on i386 and other architectures that use MBR slicing, /dev/ad0a without the actual slice name. Chances are excellent that these will break. You generally must update these entries to use the post FreeBSD 2.x form of /dev/ad0s1a. [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have cvs prune empty directories. FORMAT: This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, and it only starts on March 15, 2000. Updating files can found in previous releases if your system is older than this. Copyright information: Copyright 1998, 2002 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this document are permitted without further permission from the author. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the author a beer. Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of this document. $FreeBSD$