From 2f3b1873a166e82848aee73ec3720da31bc6e7d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: peter Date: Fri, 23 May 1997 12:55:14 +0000 Subject: Disconnect the FAQ and handbook from the makefiles and remove the files. The FAQ and handbook have been repository copied to their own top-level ("doc") directory in the cvs tree which will not be branched so as to avoid the syncing problems. At some point, the sgml text will require formatting tools that will be from ports rather than the main source tree. 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- -Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X -<author>Maintainer: Peter da Silva <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:pds@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<pds@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt> -<date>$Date: 1997/05/07 16:32:31 $</date> - -<abstract> -This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are -assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5+, unless otherwise noted. -Any entries with a <XXX> are under construction. - - -</abstract> - - <toc> - - <sect> - <heading>Preface</heading> - <p> - Welcome to the FreeBSD 2.X FAQ! - - <sect1> - <heading>What is the purpose of this FAQ?</heading> - <p> - As is usual with Usenet FAQs, this document aims to cover the most - frequently asked questions concerning the FreeBSD operating system - (and of course answer them!). Although originally intended to reduce - bandwidth and avoid the same old questions being asked over and over - again, FAQs have become recognized as valuable information resources. - - Every effort has been made to make this FAQ as informative as - possible; if you have any suggestions as to how it may be improved, - please feel free to mail them to the <url - url="mailto:pds@FreeBSD.ORG" name="FAQ maintainer">. - - <sect1> - <heading>What is FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - Briefly, FreeBSD 2.X is a UN*X-like operating system based on - U.C. Berkeley's 4.4BSD-lite release for the i386 platform. It is - also based indirectly on William Jolitz's port of U.C. Berkeley's - Net/2 to the i386, known as 386BSD, though very little of the 386BSD - code remains. A fuller description of what FreeBSD is and how - it can work for you may be found in the <url url="../../welcome.html" - name="Welcome Document">. - - FreeBSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers, researchers, - computer professionals, students and home users all over the world - in their work, education and recreation. See some of them in the - <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/gallery.html" name="FreeBSD Gallery."> - - For more detailed information on FreeBSD, please see the - <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD Handbook."> - - <sect1> - <heading>What are the goals of FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may - be used for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us - have a significant investment in the code (and project) and would - certainly not mind a little financial renumeration now and then, - but we're definitely not prepared to insist on it. We believe - that our first and foremost "mission" is to provide code to any - and all comers, and for whatever purpose, so that the code gets - the widest possible use and provides the widest possible benefit. - This is, we believe, one of the most fundamental goals of Free - Software and one that we enthusiastically support. - - That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU Public License - (GPL) or GNU Library Public License (GLPL) comes with slightly more - strings attached, though at least on the side of enforced - access rather than the usual opposite. Due to the additional - complexities that can evolve in the commercial use of GPL software, - we do, however, endeavor to replace such software with submissions - under the more relaxed BSD copyright whenever possible. - - <sect1> - <heading>Why is it called FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - <itemize> - <item>It may be used free of charge, even by commercial users. - <item>Full source for the operating system is freely available, and - the minimum possible restrictions have been placed upon its - use, distribution and incorporation into other work (commercial - or non-commercial). - <item>Anyone who has an improvement and/or bug fix is free to submit - their code and have it added to the source tree (subject to - one or two obvious provisos). - </itemize> - - For those of our readers whose first language is not English, it may be - worth pointing out that the word ``free'' is being used in two ways here, - one meaning ``at no cost'', the other meaning ``you can do whatever you - like''. Apart from one or two things you <tt /cannot/ do with the - FreeBSD code, for example pretending you wrote it, you really can do - whatever you like with it. - - <sect1> - <heading>What is the latest version of FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - Version <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.1.7.1-RELEASE" name="2.1.7"> - is the latest <em>stable</em> version; it was released in February, 1997. - Version <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.1-RELEASE" name="2.2.1"> - is the latest <em>release</em> version; it was released in March, 1997. - Briefly explained, <bf>-stable</bf> is aimed at the ISP or other - corporate user who wants stability and a low change count over - the wizzy new features of the latest release (which is <bf>2.2.1</bf>). - - <p>This is not to say that 2.2.1 is unusable for business services, - and many people who need some 2.2 specific feature (newer - compiler technology, faster networking code, etc) have decided to take - a chance with it with very good results. We simply do not wish to - "certify" 2.2 as mission-worthy until it's run another release or two - down its branch and been better shaken-out. - - <sect1> - <heading>What is FreeBSD-current?</heading> - <p> - <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="FreeBSD-current"> is the - development version of the operating system, which will in due - course become 3.0-RELEASE. As such, it is really only of interest - to developers working on the system and die-hard hobbiests. - See the <url url="../handbook/current.html" name="relevant section"> - in the <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="handbook"> for - details on running -current. - - <sect1> - <heading> What are ``snapshots''?<label id="snapshots"></heading> - <p> - Every now and again, a <url url="../releases/snapshots.html" - name="snapshot"> is taken of the development code and prepared - more or less as if it were an official release; recently, - CDROMs have even been cut from the snapshots. The intention is to:- - - <itemize> - <item>Test the latest version of the installation software. - <item>Allow people who would like to run -current, but who don't - have the time and/or bandwidth to follow it on a day-to-day - basis, an easy way to bootstrap it onto their systems. - <item> - Preserve a fixed reference point for the code in question, - in case we really break something badly later. - - <item>Ensure that a new feature in need of testing has the - greatest possible number of potential testers. - </itemize> - - No claim is made that a snapshot is regarded as being of - ``production quality'' for any purpose. For that, you will - have to stick to full releases. - - <sect1> - <heading> What about FreeBSD-stable?</heading> - <p> - Back when FreeBSD 2.0.5 was released, we branched FreeBSD - development into two parts. One branch was named <url - url="../handbook/stable.html" name="-stable">, with the - intention that only well-tested bug fixes and small incremental - enhancements would be made to it (for Internet Service Providers - and other commercial enterprises for whom sudden shifts or - experimental features are quite undesirable). The other branch was - 3.0-current, which essentially has been one unbroken line leading - towards 3.0-RELEASE since 2.0 was released. If a little ASCII art - would help, this is how it looks: -<verb> - 2.0 - | - | - | - 2.0.5 -> 2.1 -> 2.1.5 -> 2.1.6 -> 2.1.7 [2.1-stable ends] - | (Feb 1997) - | - [3.0-current] 2.2-SNAPs - | - | - 2.2-ALPHA -> -BETA -> -GAMMA -> 2.2-RELEASE -> [2.2-stable] - | (Mar 1997) - | - 3.0-SNAPs (Q1 1997) - | - | - \|/ - + - - [future 3.x releases] -</verb> - <p> - The -current branch is slowly progressing towards 3.0 and beyond, - whereas the existing -stable branch will be terminated by the - release of 2.2, resurrecting itself as 2.2-stable after the - 2.2-RELEASE is out. - - <sect1> - <heading>Why is the -stable branch ending with 2.1.7? </heading> - <p> - While we'd certainly like to be able to continue both branches of - development, we've found that the version control tools available to - us are not particularly well-suited for this; in fact, they quickly - result in a maintenance nightmare for any branch which lives much - beyond 2-3 months. The -stable branch has, by contrast, lasted for - well over a year and what little sanity the FreeBSD developers have - left would be in serious jeopardy if we continued in this way. - Perhaps in the future we'll figure out another model which gives - everyone what they want, and we are working on such a model, but in - the meantime it's probably best to think of -stable coming to an end - with <url url="ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/pub/2.1.7.1-RELEASE" - name="2.1.7.1-RELEASE"> (the final point release after 2.1.7). - - <sect1> - <heading> When are FreeBSD releases made?</heading> - <p> - As a general principle, the FreeBSD core team only release a new - version of FreeBSD when they believe that there are sufficient new - features and/or bug fixes to justify one, and are satisfied that the - changes made have settled down sufficiently to avoid compromising the - stability of the release. Many users regard this caution as one of - the best things about FreeBSD, although it can be a little - frustrating when waiting for all the latest goodies to become - available... - <p> - Releases are made about every 6 months on average. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I make my own custom release?<label id="custrel"></heading> - <p> - To make a release you need to do three things: First, you need to - be running a kernel with the <tt/vn/ driver configured in. Add - this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: - - <verb> -pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) - </verb> - - Second, you have to have the whole CVS repository at hand. - To get this you can use - <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="CVSUP"> - but your tag value, if any, should be `.' and your release name - should be cvs: - - <verb> -*default prefix=/home/ncvs base=/a host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org release=cvs delete compress use-rel=suffix - -## Main Source Tree -src-all -src-eBones -src-secure - -# Other stuff -ports-all -www - </verb> - - Then run <tt/cvsup -g supfile/ to suck all the good bits into your - box... - - Finally, you need a chunk of empty space to build into. Let's - say it's in <tt>/some/big/filesystem</tt>, and from the example - above you've got the CVS repository in <tt>/home/ncvs</tt>: - - <verb> -setenv CVSROOT /home/ncvs # or export CVSROOT=/home/ncvs -cd /usr/src/release -make release BUILDNAME=3.0-MY-SNAP CHROOTDIR=/some/big/filesystem/release - </verb> - - An entire release will be built in - <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release</tt> - and you will have a full FTP-type installation in - <tt>/some/big/filesystem/release/R/ftp</tt> - when you're done. If you want to build your SNAP along some other - branch than -current, you can also add <tt/RELEASETAG=SOMETAG/ to - the make release command line above, e.g. <tt/RELEASETAG=RELENG_2_2/ - would build an up-to-the- minute 2.2 GAMMA snapshot. - - <sect1> - <heading> Is FreeBSD only available for PCs?</heading> - <p> - At present, yes, though a port to the DEC Alpha architecture - is planned. If your machine has a different architecture and - you need something right now, we suggest you look at - <url url="http://www.netbsd.org/" name="NetBSD"> or - <url url="http://www.openbsd.org/" name="OpenBSD">. - - <sect1> - <heading> Who is responsible for FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - The key decisions concerning the FreeBSD project, such as the - overall direction of the project and who is allowed to add code to - the source tree, are made by a <url url="../handbook/contrib:core.html" - name="core team"> of some 17 people. There is a much larger - team of around 70+ <url url="../handbook/contrib:committers.html" - name="committers"> who are authorized to make changes directly to the - FreeBSD source tree. - <p> - However, most non-trivial changes are discussed in advance in the - mailing lists, and there are no restrictions on who may take part - in the discussion. - - <sect1> - <heading>Where can I get FreeBSD?<label id="where-get"></heading> - <p> - The distribution is available via anonymous ftp from: - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="the FreeBSD FTP site"> - - For the current stable release, 2.1.7.1R, look in: - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/2.1.7.1-RELEASE/" - name="FreeBSD 2.1.7.1-RELEASE"> - - For the current 2.2 branch release, 2.2.1R, look in: - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/2.2.1-RELEASE/" - name="FreeBSD 2.2.1-RELEASE"> - - <url url="ftp://releng22.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/" name="SNAPshot releases"> - are also made once a day along the RELENG_2_2 branch (2.2.1 -> 2.2.x) - as it winds its way towards the next point release on the 2.2 branch - (2.2.3, possibly, or maybe 2.2.5 depending on the change delta). With - the occasional exception of accidental breakage, the RELENG_2_2 - branch is being carefully maintained (no experimental changes, fixes only - after testing in -current) and these snapshots of it may be considered - "2.2.1+" for all intents and purposes and more desirable than 2.2.1 for new - installations. - - FreeBSD is also available via CDROM, from the following place(s): - - Walnut Creek CDROM<newline> - 4041 Pike Lane, Suite D-386<newline> - Concord, CA 94520 USA<newline> - Orders: (800)-786-9907<newline> - Questions: (510)-674-0783<newline> - FAX: (510)-674-0821<newline> - email: <url url="mailto:orders@cdrom.com" - name="WC Orders address"> <newline> - WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/" name="WC Home page"><newline> - - In Australia, you may find it at: - - Advanced Multimedia Distributors<newline> - Factory 1/1 Ovata Drive<newline> - Tullamarine, Melbourne<newline> - Victoria<newline> - Australia<newline> - - Voice: +61 3 9338 67777<newline> - - CDROM Support BBS<newline> - 17 Irvine St<newline> - Peppermint Grove WA 6011<newline> - - Voice: +61 9 385-3793<newline> - Fax: +61 9 385-2360<newline> - - And in the UK: - - The Public Domain & Shareware Library<newline> - Winscombe House, Beacon Rd<newline> - Crowborough<newline> - Sussex. TN6 1UL<newline> - - Voice: +44 01892 663298<newline> - Fax: +44 01892 667473<newline> - (Do not dial the leading zero if calling from outside the UK). - - - - <sect1> - <heading>Where do I find info on the mailing lists?</heading> - <p> - You can find full information in the - <url url="../handbook/eresources:mail.html" - name="Handbook entry on mailing-lists."> - <p> - - <sect1> - <heading>What FreeBSD news groups are available?</heading> - <p> - You can find full information in the - <url url="../handbook/eresources:news.html" - name="Handbook entry on newsgroups."> - - <sect1> - <heading>Is there anything about FreeBSD on IRC (Internet Relay Chat) ?</heading> - <p> - There are two channels about FreeBSD on IRC: - <enum> - <item>The main channel is #FreeBSD on the EFNET. You can - use your regular IRC server for it. - <item>You can point your IRC client to <tt/irc.FreeBSD.org/ - This server is on BSDnet and hosts #FreeBSD. This - is not the same channel. - </enum> - <sect1> - <heading>Books on FreeBSD</heading> - <p> - Greg Lehey's book ``Installing and Running FreeBSD'' is available - from Walnut Creek and ships with the 2.1.7 CDROM. There is also - a larger book entitled ``The Complete FreeBSD'', which comes with - additional printed manpages amd includes the 2.1.7 CDROM set. It - should be available in most good bookshops now. - - There is a FreeBSD Documentation Project which you may contact (or - even better, join) on the <tt>doc</tt> mailing list: - <url url="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.ORG" name="<doc@FreeBSD.ORG>">. - - A FreeBSD ``handbook'' is available, and can be found as: - <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="the FreeBSD Handbook">. - Note that this is a work in progress, and so parts may be incomplete. - - However, as FreeBSD 2.X is based upon Berkeley 4.4BSD-Lite, most - of the 4.4BSD manuals are applicable to FreeBSD 2.X. O'Reilly - and Associates publishes these manuals: - - 4.4BSD System Manager's Manual <newline> - By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> - 1st Edition June 1994, 804 pages <newline> - ISBN: 1-56592-080-5 <NEWLINE> - - 4.4BSD User's Reference Manual <newline> - By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> - 1st Edition June 1994, 905 pages <newline> - ISBN: 1-56592-075-9 <NEWLINE> - - 4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents <newline> - By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> - 1st Edition July 1994, 712 pages <newline> - ISBN: 1-56592-076-7 <NEWLINE> - - 4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual <newline> - By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> - 1st Edition June 1994, 886 pages <newline> - ISBN: 1-56592-078-3 <NEWLINE> - - 4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents <newline> - By Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley <newline> - 1st Edition July 1994, 596 pages <newline> - ISBN: 1-56592-079-1 <NEWLINE> - - A description of these can be found via WWW as: - - <url url="http://gnn.com/gnn/bus/ora/category/bsd.html" - name="4.4BSD books description"> - - For a more in-depth look at the 4.4BSD kernel organization, - you can't go wrong with: - - McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, - and John Quarterman.<newline> - <em>The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating - System</em>. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996.<newline> - ISBN 0-201-54979-4<newline> - - A good book on system administration is: - - Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder, Scott Seebass & Trent R. Hein,<newline> - ``Unix System Administration Handbook'', Prentice-Hall, 1995<newline> - ISBN: 0-13-151051-7<newline> - - <bf/NOTE/ make sure you get the second edition, with a red cover, - instead of the first edition. - - This book covers the basics, as well as TCP/IP, DNS, NFS, - SLIP/PPP, sendmail, INN/NNTP, printing, etc.. It's expensive - (approx. US$45-$55), but worth it. It also - includes a CDROM with the sources for various tools; most of - these, however, are also on the FreeBSD 2.1.7R CDROM (and the - FreeBSD CDROM often has newer versions). - - <sect1> - <heading>I have heard about the Problem Report database. - Is there an easy way to accesss it ?</heading> - <p> - The Problem Report database, filled with all the problems, bugs - and changes requested by users with help of the <url - url="http://www.freebsd.org/send-pr.html" name="send-pr"> - command can be reached at - <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi-bin/query-pr-summary.cgi" - name="PR Database Summary"> - - <sect1> - <heading>Other sources of information.</heading> - <p> - The following newsgroups contain pertinent discussion for FreeBSD - users: - - <itemize> - <item><url url="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce" name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce"> - <item><url url="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc" name="comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc"> - <item><url url="comp.unix.bsd.misc" name="comp.unix.bsd.misc"> - </itemize> - - If you have WWW access, please visit <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/" - name="the FreeBSD home page">. - - The FreeBSD handbook has a pretty complete - <url url="../handbook/bibliography.html" name="Bibliography"> - - <label id="pao">There's also a wealth of information about using - FreeBSD on laptops at - <url url="http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/PAO/" - name="Tatsumi Hosokawa's Mobile Computing page"> in Japan. - - <sect> - <heading>Installation</heading> - <p> - <sect1> - <heading>Which file do I download to get FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - You generally need just one floppy image, the <em>floppies/boot.flp</em> - file, which you image-copy onto a 1.44MB floppy and then boot it - in order to download the rest (and the installation will manage your TCP/IP - collection, deal with tapes, CDROMs, floppies, DOS partitions, whatever's - necessary to get the reset of the bits installed). - - Full instructions on this procedure and a little bit more about installation - issues in general can be found in the <url url="../handbook/install.html" - name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD."> - - <sect1> - <heading>Where are the instructions for installing FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - Installation instructions can be found in the - <url url="../handbook/install.html" - name="Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD."> - - <sect1> - <heading>What do I need in order to run FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - You'll need a 386 or better PC, with 5 MB or more of RAM and at - least 60 MB of hard disk space. It can run with a low end MDA - card but to run X11R6, a VGA or better video card is needed. - - See also the section on <ref id="hardware" name="Hardware compatibility"> - - <sect1> - <heading>I have only 4 MB of RAM. Can I install FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - FreeBSD 2.1.7 was the last version of FreeBSD that could be installed on - a 4MB system. Newer versions of FreeBSD, like 2.2, need at least - 5MB to install on a new system. - - All versions of FreeBSD, including 2.2, will RUN in 4MB of ram, they - just can't run the installation program in 4MB. You can add - extra memory for the install process, if you like, and then - after the system is up and running, go back to 4MB. Or you could - always just swap your disk into a system which has >4MB, install onto - it and then swap it back. - - There are also situations in which FreeBSD 2.1.7 will not install - in 4 MB. To be exact: it does not install with 640 kB base + 3 MB - extended memory. If your motherboard can remap some of the ``lost'' - memory out of the 640kB to 1MB region, then you may still be able - to get FreeBSD 2.1.7 up. - - Try to go into your BIOS setup and look for a ``remap'' option. - Enable it. You may also have to disable ROM shadowing. - - It may be easier to get 4 more MB just for the install. Build a - custom kernel with only the options you need and then get the 4 - MB out again. - - You may also install 2.0.5 and then upgrade your system to 2.1.7 - with the ``upgrade'' option of the 2.1.7 installation program. - - After the installation, if you build a custom kernel, it will run - in 4 MB. Someone has even succeeded in booting with 2 MB (the - system was almost unusable though :-)) - - <sect1> - <heading>I've got some other special requirements, can I make my own - custom install floppy?</heading> - <p> - Currently there's no way to *just* make a custom install floppy. - You have to cut a whole new release, which will include your - install floppy. There's some code in - <TT>/usr/src/release/floppies/Makefile</TT> that's supposed to let - you *just* make those floppies, but it's not really gelled yet. - - To make a custom release, follow the instructions - <ref id="custrel" name="here">. - - <sect1> - <heading>Can Windows 95 co-exist with FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p> - Install Windows 95 first, after that FreeBSD. FreeBSD's boot - manager will then manage to boot Win95 and FreeBSD. If you - install Windows 95 second, it will boorishly overwrite your - boot manager without even asking. If that happens, see - the next section. - - <sect1> - <heading>Help, Windows 95 killed my boot manager! How do I get - it back?</heading> - - <p>You can reinstall the boot manager FreeBSD comes with in one of - two ways: - - <itemize> - <item>Running DOS, go into the tools/ directory of your FreeBSD - distribution and look for <bf>bootinst.exe</bf>. You run it like so: - <p><bf>bootinst.exe boot.bin</bf> - <p>And the boot manager will be reinstalled. - - <item>Boot the FreeBSD boot floppy again and go to the Custom - installation menu item. Choose Partition. Select the drive which - used to contain your boot manager (likely the first one) and when you - come to the partition editor for it, as the very first thing (e.g. - do not make any changes) select (W)rite. This will ask for - confirmation, say yes, and when you get the Boot Manager selection - prompt, be sure to select "Boot Manager." - This will re-write the boot manager to disk. Now quit out of the - installation menu and reboot off the hard disk as normal. - </itemize> - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I have more than one operating system on my PC?</heading> - <p> - Have a look at <url url="http://www.in.net/~jayrich/doc/multios.html" - name="The multi-OS page."> - - <sect1> - <heading>Can I install on an IDE disk with bad blocks?</heading> - <p> - FreeBSD's bad block (the ``<tt/bad144/'' command) handling is - still not 100% (to put it charitably) and it must - unfortunately be said that if you've got an IDE or ESDI drive - with lots of bad blocks, then FreeBSD is probably not for you! - That said, it does work on thousands of IDE based systems, so - you'd do well to try it first before simply giving up. - - <sect1> - <heading>Strange things happen when I boot the install floppy!</heading> - <p> - If you're seeing things like the machine grinding to a halt or - spontaneously rebooting when you try to boot the install floppy, - here are three questions to ask yourself:- - <enum> - <item>Did you use a new, freshly-formatted, error-free floppy - (preferably a brand-new one straight out of the box, as - opposed to the magazine coverdisk that's been lying under - the bed for the last three years)? - <item>Did you download the floppy image in binary (or image) mode? - (don't be embarrassed, even the best of us have made this - mistake at least once when FTP'ing things!) - shell in the GUI can cause this problem. - </enum> - - There have also been reports of Netscape causing problems when - downloading the boot floppy, so it's probably best to use a different - FTP client if you can. - - <sect1> - <heading>Help! I can't install from tape!</heading> - <p> - If you are installing 2.1.7R from tape, you must create the tape - using a tar blocksize of 10 (5120 bytes). The default tar - blocksize is 20 (10240 bytes), and tapes created using this - default size cannot be used to install 2.1.7R; with these tapes, - you will get an error that complains about the record size being - too big. - - <sect1> - <heading>Can I install on my laptop over PLIP (Parallel Line IP)?</heading> - <p> - Connect the two computers using a Laplink parallel cable to use - this feature: - - <verb> - +----------------------------------------+ - |A-name A-End B-End Descr. Port/Bit | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA0 2 15 Data 0/0x01 | - |-ERROR 15 2 1/0x08 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA1 3 13 Data 0/0x02 | - |+SLCT 13 3 1/0x10 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA2 4 12 Data 0/0x04 | - |+PE 12 4 1/0x20 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA3 5 10 Strobe 0/0x08 | - |-ACK 10 5 1/0x40 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |DATA4 6 11 Data 0/0x10 | - |BUSY 11 6 1/0x80 | - +----------------------------------------+ - |GND 18-25 18-25 GND - | - +----------------------------------------+ - </verb> - - See also <ref id="pao" name="this note"> on the Mobile Computing page. - - <sect1> - <heading>Which geometry should I use for a disk drive?<label id="geometry"></heading> - <p> - (By the "geometry" of a disk, we mean the number of cylinders, - heads and sectors/track on a disk - I'll refer to this as - C/H/S for convenience. This is how the PC's BIOS works out - which area on a disk to read/write from). - - This seems to cause a lot of confusion for some reason. First - of all, the <tt /physical/ geometry of a SCSI drive is totally - irrelevant, as FreeBSD works in term of disk blocks. In fact, there - is no such thing as "the" physical geometry, as the sector density - varies across the disk - what manufacturers claim is the "true" - physical geometry is usually the geometry that they've worked out - results in the least wasted space. For IDE disks, FreeBSD does - work in terms of C/H/S, but all modern drives will convert this - into block references internally as well. - - All that matters is the <tt /logical/ geometry - the answer that the - BIOS gets when it asks "what is your geometry" and then uses to access - the disk. As FreeBSD uses the BIOS when booting, it's very important - to get this right. In particular, if you have more than one operating - system on a disk, they must all agree on the geometry, otherwise you - will have serious problems booting! - - For SCSI disks, the geometry to use depends on whether extended - translation support is turned on in your controller (this is - often referred to as "support for DOS disks >1GB" or something - similar). If it's turned off, then use N cylinders, 64 heads - and 32 sectors/track, where 'N' is the capacity of the disk in - MB. For example, a 2GB disk should pretend to have 2048 cylinders, - 64 heads and 32 sectors/track. - - If it <tt /is/ turned on (it's often supplied this way to get around - certain limitations in MSDOS) and the disk capacity is more than 1GB, - use M cylinders, 63 heads (*not* 64), and 255 sectors per track, where - 'M' is the disk capacity in MB divided by 7.844238 (!). So our - example 2GB drive would have 261 cylinders, 63 heads and 255 sectors - per track. - - If you are not sure about this, or FreeBSD fails to detect the - geometry correctly during installation, the simplest way around - this is usually to create a small DOS partition on the disk. The - correct geometry should then be detected (and you can always remove - the DOS partition in the partition editor if you don't want to keep - it, or leave it around for programming network cards and the like). - - Alternatively, there is a freely available utility distributed with - FreeBSD called ``<tt/pfdisk.exe/'' (located in the <tt>tools</tt> - subdirectory on the FreeBSD CDROM or on the various FreeBSD - ftp sites) which can be used to work out what geometry the other - operating systems on the disk are using. You can then enter this - geometry in the partition editor. - - <sect1> - <heading>Any restrictions on how I divide the disk up?</heading> - - <p> - Yes. You must make sure that your root partition is below 1024 - cylinders so the BIOS can boot the kernel from it. (Note that this - is a limitation in the PC's BIOS, not FreeBSD). - - For a SCSI drive, this will normally imply that the root partition - will be in the first 1024MB (or in the first 4096MB if extended - translation is turned on - see previous question). For IDE, the - corresponding figure is 504MB. - - <sect1><heading>What about disk managers? My BIOS doesn't support large drives!</heading> - <p> - FreeBSD recognises the Ontrack Disk Manager and makes allowances - for it. Other disk managers are not supported. - - If you just want to use the disk with FreeBSD you don't need a - disk manager. Just configure the disk for as much space as the - BIOS can deal with (usually 504 megabytes), and FreeBSD - should figure out how much space you really have. If you're using - an old disk with an MFM controller, you may need to explicitly - tell FreeBSD how many cylinders to use. - - If you want to use the disk with FreeBSD and another operating - system, you may be able to do without a disk manager: just make sure - the the FreeBSD boot partition and the slice for the other - operating system are in the first 1024 cylinders. - - <sect1> - <heading>When I boot FreeBSD I get ``Missing Operating System''.</heading> - <p> - This is classically a case of FreeBSD and DOS or some other OS - conflicting over their ideas of disk <ref id="geometry" - name="geometry."> You will have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the - instructions given above will almost always get you going. - - <sect1> - <heading>I can't get past the boot manager's `F?' prompt.</heading> - - <p> - This is another symptom of the problem described in the preceding - question. Your BIOS geometry and FreeBSD geometry settings do - not agree! If your controller or BIOS supports cylinder - translation (often marked as ``>1GB drive support''), try - toggling its setting and reinstalling FreeBSD. - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I add my new hard disk to my FreeBSD system?</heading> - <p> - The easiest way to do this is from the installation program. You - can start the installation program by running - <tt>/stand/sysinstall</tt> as root. - <p> - Alternatively, if you still have the install floppy, you can just - reboot from that and use the partition & label editors while - the system is totally quiescent. - <p> - <label id="2_1-disklabel-fix"> - If the above does not work for you, or if you're a total masochist - who likes arcane interfaces, this is how to use disklabel(8) manually: - <p> - <em>WARNING: There is no substitute for reading carefully - & understanding what you are doing! Things described here may - DESTROY your system. Proceed with caution! Remember, a BACKUP is your - friend!</em> - <p> - <tt /sysinstall/ used to be broken up to 2.1.5-RELEASE and will - insist on mounting something at / in the disklabel editor. You will - have to manually run <tt /disklabel(8)/ before you can run - <tt /newfs(8)/. This means doing the math for partitions - yourself. This is rumoured to be easy :-) See if you can obtain a - skeletal label with ''<tt>disklabel -r <diskname></tt>'' - <em>(eg. </em>''<tt>disklabel -r /dev/rwd0s2</tt>''<em>, assuming - that your new disk is wd0, the first IDE drive, and the FreeBSD - slice is the second one, s2)</em>. You should see something - like:- - -<verb> -# /dev/rwd0s2: -type: ESDI -disk: wd0s2 -label: -flags: -bytes/sector: 512 -sectors/track: 63 -tracks/cylinder: 64 -sectors/cylinder: 4032 -cylinders: 610 -sectors/unit: 2459520 -rpm: 3600 -interleave: 1 -trackskew: 0 -cylinderskew: 0 -headswitch: 0 # milliseconds -track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds -drivedata: 0 - -8 partitions: -# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg] - c: 2459520 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 609) - e: 2459520 0 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 609) -</verb> - - Make sure that the size is correct, in this case, 2459520 - sectors/unit x 512 bytes/sector / 2**20 (1 Megabyte) = 1200 - Megabytes. The rest of the stuff (b/s, t/c, s/c, interleave, etc.) - should get suitable defaults from <tt /disklabel/, but see - <ref id="ESDI" name="this note"> for older disks. 'fsize' is the - <ref id="fsize" name="Fragment size"> for the filesystem, - and 'bsize' is the <ref id="bsize" name="Block size">. 'c' is - the partition covering the entire slice (or entire disk for a - non-sliced disk), and must remain as it is. <em>It should not be - used for a filesystem</em>. The 'c' partition is magic in that it - is faked by the kernel even if no disklabel exists. - <p> - In the trivial case, where you want a single filesystem spanning - the whole slice, the entry for 'e' has to be corrected. Setting fsize - to 1024 and bsize to 8192 (8 fragments/block), which are reasonable - values for a filesystem, the correct entry for 'e' would be:- - -<verb> - e: 2459520 0 4.2BSD 1024 8192 -</verb> - - <p> - Now, the (slightly) harder case, where we want 2 partitions for 2 - filesystems. Following the <ref id="fsname" name="BSD naming - conventions">, the partitions will be <tt /wd0s2e/ & - <tt /wd0s2f/. Suppose we split up the 1200 MB into 300 MB for - 'e' and the remaining 900 MB for 'f'. The partition entries would - be:- - -<verb> -8 partitions: -# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg] - c: 2459520 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 609) - e: 614400 0 4.2BSD 1024 8192 - f: 1843200 614400 4.2BSD 1024 8192 -</verb> - - <p> - <bf /Note:/ You can directly edit the disklabel with - ''<tt>disklabel -e wd0s2</tt>''. See <tt /disklabel(8)/. - <p> - If you have at least FreeBSD 2.1.5, and you want to dedicate - an entire disk to FreeBSD without any care for other - systems, you might shorten the steps above to something like: -<verb> -# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rwd0 count=100 -# disklabel -Brw wd0 auto -# disklabel -e wd0 -</verb> - - The first <tt/dd/ command ensures there is no old junk at - the beginning of the disk that might confuse the disk code - in the kernel. Following is an automatic skeleton label - generation using the defaults that have been probed from the - disk at boot time. Editing this label continues as described - above. - <p> - You're done! Time to initialise the filesystems with something - like:- - - <verb> - newfs -d0 /dev/rwd0s2e - newfs -d0 /dev/rwd0s2f - </verb> - - Depending on the disk name and slice number, it might be - required that you run the script <tt>/dev/MAKEDEV</tt> - before in order to create the desired device nodes. - - And mount your new filesystems (See <tt /mount(8)/):- - - <verb> - mount /dev/wd0s2e /mnt/foo - mount /dev/wd0s2f /mnt/bar - </verb> - - You may wish to edit <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> to automatically mount - the filesystems at boot time. - - <p> - <bf /Glossary:/ - <descrip> - <tag><label id="fsize"><bf>Fragment Size (fsize)</bf></tag> - The basic unit of storage for <tt /ffs/. See - M. McKusick, W. Joy, S. Leffler, and R. Fabry, - "A Fast File System for UNIX", - ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 2, 3, pp 181-197, August - 1984, (reprinted in the BSD System Manager's Manual, SMM:5) or - <url url="file:/usr/share/doc/smm/05.fastfs/paper.ascii.gz" - name="/usr/share/doc/smm/05.fastfs/paper.ascii.gz"> - on your system. - <tag><label id="bsize"><bf>Block Size (bsize)</bf></tag> - A block comprises one or more fragments. See the - reference above and - <url url="file:/usr/include/sys/disklabel.h" - name="<sys/disklabel.h>"> - <tag><label id="ESDI"> - <bf>Disklabel Characteristics for Older Disks (ESDI)</bf></tag> - You may need to provide more information to <tt /disklabel/ - if you happen to own a ``true disk'', i.e. one with a - uniform geometry, real heads, sectors, and cylinders, - such as an old ESDI drive. All of this should be easily - obtainable from the drive case, owner's manual, fellow - sufferers, etc. :-) - <tag><label id="fsname"> - <bf>BSD Filesystem Naming Conventions</bf></tag> - Partition 'a' is by convention reserved for a bootable - partition, and partition 'b' for swap space. Regular - partition names should start with 'd'. ('d' used to be - magic in 386BSD 0.1 through FreeBSD 2.0, thus partition - 'e' is often used for the first non-bootable partition - containing a filesystem.) - <tag><label id="swap"> - <bf>Warning about swap space</bf></tag> - The space required by the BSD partition table is allowed - for in the file system. It's not allowed for by the swap - partition. So don't start swap at cylinder 0, either offset - it or put a file system in partition 'a'. - </descrip> - - <sect1> - <heading>I have bad blocks on my hard drive!</heading> - <p> - With SCSI drives, the drive should be capable of re-mapping - these automatically. However, many drives are shipped with - this feature disabled, for some mysterious reason... - - To enable this, you'll need to edit the first device page mode, - which can be done on FreeBSD by giving the command (as root) - -<verb> - scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3 -</verb> - - and changing the values of AWRE and ARRE from 0 to 1:- -<verb> - AWRE (Auto Write Reallocation Enbld): 1 - ARRE (Auto Read Reallocation Enbld): 1 -</verb> - - For other drive types, you are dependent on support from the - operating system. Unfortunately, the ``bad144'' command that - FreeBSD supplies for this purpose needs a considerable amount - of work done on it... - - IDE drives are <em/supposed/ to come with built-in bad-block - remapping; if you have documentation for your drive, you may want - to see if this feature has been disabled on your drive. However, - ESDI, RLL, and ST-506 drives normally do not do this. - - <sect1> - <heading>I have >16MB of RAM. Will this cause any problems?<label id="bigram"></heading> - - <p> - No. FreeBSD 2.X comes with bounce buffers which allows your bus - mastering controller access to greater than 16MB. (Note that this - should only be required if you are using ISA devices, although - one or two broken EISA and VLB devices may need it as well). - - Also look at the section on <ref id="reallybigram" - name=">64M machines"> if you have that much memory, - or if you're using a Compaq or other BIOS that lies about - the available memory. - - <sect1> - <heading>I keep seeing messages like ``<tt/ed1: timeout/''.</heading> - <p> - This is usually caused by an interrupt conflict (e.g., two boards - using the same IRQ). FreeBSD prior to 2.0.5R used to be tolerant - of this, and the network driver would still function in the - presence of IRQ conflicts. However, with 2.0.5R and later, IRQ - conflicts are no longer tolerated. Boot with the -c option and - change the ed0/de0/... entry to match your board. - - <sect1> - <heading>Do I need to install the complete sources?</heading> - - <p> In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you - install, at a minimum, the ``<tt/base/'' source kit, which - includes several of the files mentioned here, and the - ``<tt/sys/'' (kernel) source kit, which includes sources for the - kernel. There is nothing in the system which requires the - presence of the sources to operate, however, except for the - kernel-configuration program <tt/config(8)/. With the exception - of the kernel sources, our build structure is set up so that you - can read-only mount the sources from elsewhere via NFS and still - be able to make new binaries. (Because of the kernel-source - restriction, we recommend that you not mount this on - <tt>/usr/src</tt> directly, but rather in some other location - with appropriate symbolic links to duplicate the top-level - structure of the source tree.) - - Having the sources on-line and knowing how to build a system with - them will make it much easier for you to upgrade to future - releases of FreeBSD. - - - <sect1> - <heading>I live outside the US. Can I use DES encryption?</heading> - - <p> If it is not absolutely imperative that you use DES style - encryption, you can use FreeBSD's default encryption for even - <bf/better/ security, and with no export restrictions. FreeBSD - 2.0's password default scrambler is now <bf/MD5/-based, and is - more CPU-intensive to crack with an automated password cracker - than DES, and allows longer passwords as well. - - Since the DES encryption algorithm cannot legally be exported - from the US, non-US users should not download this software (as - part of the <tt/secrdist/ from US FTP sites. - - There is however a replacement libcrypt available, based on - sources written in Australia by David Burren. This code is now - available on some non-US FreeBSD mirror sites. Sources for the - unencumbered libcrypt, and binaries of the programs which use it, - can be obtained from the following FTP sites: - - <descrip> - <tag/South Africa/ - <tt>ftp://ftp.internat.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD</tt><newline> - <tt>ftp://storm.sea.uct.ac.za/pub/FreeBSD</tt> - <tag/Brazil/ - <tt>ftp://ftp.iqm.unicamp.br/pub/FreeBSD</tt> - <tag/Finland/ - <tt>ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/unix/FreeBSD/eurocrypt</tt> - </descrip> - - The non-US <tt/securedist/ can be used as a direct replacement - for the encumbered US <tt/securedist/. This <tt/securedist/ - package is installed the same way as the US package (see - installation notes for details). If you are going to install DES - encryption, you should do so as soon as possible, before - installing other software. - - Non-US users should please not download any encryption software - from the USA. This can get the maintainers of the sites from - which the software is downloaded into severe legal difficulties. - - A non-US distribution of Kerberos is also being developed, and - current versions can generally be obtained by anonymous FTP from - <tt>braae.ru.ac.za</tt>. - - There is a mailing list for the discussion of non-US encryption - software. For more information, send an email message with a - single line saying ``<tt/help/'' in the body of your message to - <tt><majordomo@braae.ru.ac.za></tt>. - - </sect1> - </sect> - <sect> - <heading>Hardware compatibility <label id="hardware"></heading> - <p> - <sect1> - <heading>What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on?</heading> - - <p> - IDE and SCSI hard drives are supported. FreeBSD also - supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI - drives, which are usually connected to WD-1002, WD-1003, or - WD-1006/7 controllers (although clones should also work). - - <sect1> - <heading>What SCSI controllers are supported?</heading> - - <p> - FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers: - - <descrip> - <tag/Adaptec/ - AH-1505 <ISA> <newline> - AH-152x Series <ISA> <newline> - AH-154x Series <ISA> <newline> - AH-174x Series <EISA> <newline> - Sound Blaster SCSI (AH-152x compat) <ISA> <newline> - AH-2742/2842 Series <ISA/EISA> <newline> - AH-2820/2822/2825 Series (Narrow/Twin/Wide) <VLB> <newline> - AH-294x and aic7870 MB controllers (Narrow/Twin/Wide) <PCI><newline> - AH-394x (Narrow/Twin/Wide) - <tag/Buslogic/ - BT-445 Series <VLB> (but see section <ref id="bigram" - name="on >16 MB machines">) <newline> - BT-545 Series <ISA> <newline> - BT-742 Series <EISA><newline> - BT-747 Series <EISA><newline> - BT-946 Series <PCI> <newline> - BT-956 Series <PCI> <newline> - <tag/Future Domain/ - TMC-950 Series <ISA> <newline> - <tag/PCI Generic/ - NCR 53C81x based controllers <PCI> <newline> - NCR 53C82x based controllers <PCI> <newline> - NCR 53C860/75 based controllers <PCI> <newline> - <tag/ProAudioSpectrum/ - Zilog 5380 based controllers <ISA> <newline> - Trantor 130 based controllers <ISA> <newline> - <tag/DTC/ - DTC 3290 EISA SCSI in AHA-154x emulation.<newline> - <tag/Seagate/ - ST-01/02 Series <ISA><newline> - <tag/UltraStor/ - UH-14f Series <ISA><newline> - UH-24f Series <EISA> <newline> - UH-34f Series <VLB><newline> - <tag/Western Digital/ - WD7000 <ISA> <No scatter/gather> - </descrip> - - <sect1> - <heading>What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p> - Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller. - - <itemize> - <item>Mitsumi LU002 (8bit), LU005 (16bit) and FX001D (16bit 2x - Speed). - <item>Sony CDU 31/33A<newline> - <item>Sound Blaster Non-SCSI CD-ROM<newline> - <item>Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM<newline> - <item>ATAPI compatible IDE CD-ROMs (should be considered - <bf/experimental/) - </itemize> - All non-SCSI cards are known to be extremely slow compared to - SCSI drives. - - <sect1> - <heading>How about ZIP drives?</heading> - - <p> - FreeBSD supports the SCSI ZIP drive out of the box, of course. The - ZIP drive can only be set to run at SCSI target IDs 5 or 6, but if - your SCSI host adapter's BIOS supports it you can even boot from - it. I don't know which host adapters let you boot from targets - other than 0 or 1... look at your docs (and let me know if it works - out for you). - - There is no built in support for the parallel ZIP drive, and if you - haven't bought your ZIP drive already I recommend you get the SCSI - one... the price is the same, and the performance is much better, - and you're unlikely to ever be able to boot from the parallel port. - - If you already have a parallel ZIP, there is a port of the Linux - driver available at - <url url="http://www.prism.uvsq.fr/~son/ppa3.html" - name="Nicolas Souchu's home page"> in France. - - Also check out <ref id="jaz" name="this note on removable drives">. - - <sect1> - <heading>And how about JAZ, EZ, and other removable drives?</heading> - - <p> - Apart from the IDE version of the EZ drive, these are all SCSI - devices, so the should all look like SCSI disks to FreeBSD, and - the IDE EZ should look like an IDE drive. - - <label id="jaz"> - I'm not sure how well FreeBSD supports changing the media out - while running. You will of course need to dismount the drive - before swapping media, and make sure that any external units are - powered on when you boot the system so FreeBSD can see them. - - <sect1> - <heading>What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p> - <itemize> - <item>AST/4 in shared IRQ mode, - <item>ARNET 8 port in shared IRQ mode, - <item>BOCA 4/8/16 port cards in shared IRQ mode, - <item>Cyclades 8/16 port <Alpha>, - <item>Cronyx/Sigfgma multiport sync/async, - <item>RISCom/8 multiport card, - <item>SCCSI Usenet II in shared IRQ mode, - <item>STB 4 port i shared IRQ mode, - </itemize> - - Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work, especially - those that claim to be AST compatible. - - A Digiboard driver is currently in alpha stage. If you want to - test it, take the file in - <url url="ftp://freefall.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/incoming" - name="the incoming directory"> - - Check the <tt/sio(4)/ man page to get more information on - configuring such cards. - - <sect1> - <heading>Does FreeBSD support Adaptec's AHA-2xxx SCSI adapters?</heading> - - <p> - FreeBSD supports the AHA-2xxx line of adapters. The GPL portions - of the old drivers have been re-written and they are now fully - under the Berkeley style copyright. However, the 2920 is <bf /not/ - currently supported. - - <sect1> - <heading>I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. How do I set it up?</heading> - - <p> - FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need - to add the following line to the kernel config file and recompile - for the Logitech and ATI mice: - <verb> - device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq5 vector mseintr - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>I have a PS/2 mouse (``keyboard'' mouse) How do I use it?<label id="ps2mouse"></heading> - <p> - You'll have to add the following lines to your kernel - configuration file and recompile: -<verb> -device psm0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr -# Options for psm: -options PSM_CHECKSYNC #checks the header byte for sync. -</verb> - - <p> - See the <url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html" - name="Handbook entry on configuring the kernel"> - if you've no experience with building kernels. - - If you're running FreeBSD 2.1.6 or later, the psm0 device - line is already there, but it's disabled. Remove the keyword - <tt/disable/ from the device line to enable it, or if you - don't want to compile a kernel just boot with the "-c" flag - and enable it from there. - - Once you have a kernel detecting psm0 correctly at boot time, - make sure that an entry for psm0 exists in /dev. You can do this - by typing: -<verb> - cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV psm0 -</verb> - When logged in as root. - - <sect1> - <heading>I have a laptop with a track-ball mouse.</heading> - - <p> - Please refer to <ref id="ps2mouse" name="the answer to the previous question">. - And check out <ref id="pao" name="this note"> on the Mobile Computing page. - - <sect1> - <heading>What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p> - FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape - drives. This includes 8-mm (aka Exabyte) and DAT drives. - The QIC-40/80 drives are known to be slow. - - Some of the early 8-mm drives are not quite compatible with - SCSI-2, and may not work well with FreeBSD. - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>How about tape changers?</heading> - - <p>FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the <tt/ch/ device and the - <tt/chio/ command. The details of how you actually control the - changer can be found in the <tt/chio(1)/ man page. - - If you're not using <tt/AMANDA/ or some other product that already - understands changers, remember that they're only know how to move a - tape from one point to another, so you need to keep track of which - slot a tape is in, and which slot the tape currently in the drive - needs to go back to. - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p> - FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, SoundBlaster - 16, Pro Audio Spectrum 16, AdLib and Gravis UltraSound sound - cards. There is also limited support for MPU-401 and compatible - MIDI cards. The SoundBlaster 16 ASP cards are not yet - supported. The Microsoft Sound System is also supported. - - <bf/NOTE/ This is only for sound! This driver does not support - CD-ROMs, SCSI or joysticks on these cards. - - <sect1> - <heading>What network cards does FreeBSD support?</heading> - - <p> - There is support for the following cards: - - <descrip> - <tag/``de'' driver/ - DEC DC21x40 and compatible PCI controllers<newline> - (including 21140 100bT cards) <newline> - <tag/``ed'' driver/ - NE2000 and 1000<newline> - WD/SMC 8003, 8013 and Elite Ultra (8216)<newline> - 3Com 3c503 <newline> - HP 27247B and 27252A <newline> - And clones of the above <newline> - <tag/``le'' driver/ - DEC EtherWORKS II and EtherWORKS III controllers. <newline> - <tag/``ie'' driver/ - AT&T EN100/StarLAN 10 <newline> - 3COM 3c507 Etherlink 16/TP<newline> - NI5210 <newline> - <tag/``is'' driver/ - Isolan AT 4141-0 <newline> - Isolink 4110 <newline> - <tag/``el'' driver/ - 3com 3c501 (does not support Multicast or DMA) - <tag/``eg'' driver/ - 3com 3c505 Etherlink/+ - <tag/``ze'' driver/ - IBM PCMCIA credit card adapter - <tag/``lnc'' drive/ - Lance/PCnet cards (Isolan, Novell NE2100, NE32-VL)(*) - <tag/``ep'' driver/ - 3com 3c509 (Must disable PNP support on card) - <tag/``ix'' driver/ - Intel InterExpress - <tag/``cx'' driver/ - Cronyx/Sigma multiport Sync/Async (Cisco and PPP framing) - <tag/``zp'' driver/ - 3Com PCMCIA Etherlink III (aka 3c589) - <tag/``fea'' driver/ - DEC DEFEA EISA FDDI controller - <tag/``fpa'' driver/ - DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI controller - <tag/``fe'' driver/ - Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A Ethernet cards - </descrip> - - <bf/NOTE/ PCMCIA Ethernet cards from IBM and National - Semiconductor. - - <bf/NOTE/ Drivers marked with (*) are known to have problems. - - <bf/NOTE/ We also support TCP/IP over parallel lines. At this point - we are incompatible with other versions, but we hope to correct - this in the near future. - - <bf/NOTE/ Some of these cards require a DOS partition on your hard - drive to run the configuration software. Software configured cards - may also need to be hard-reset after running another operating - system that uses manufacturer-supplied drivers. - - <sect1> - <heading>I don't have a math co-processor.</heading> - - <p> - <tt /Note/ This will only affect 386/486SX/486SLC owners - other - machines will have one built into the CPU. - <p> - In general this will not cause any problems, but there are - circumstances where you will take a hit, either in performance or - accuracy of the math emulation code (see the section <ref id="emul" - name="on FP emulation">). In particular, drawing arcs in X will be - VERY slow. It is highly recommended that you buy a math - co-processor; it's well worth it. - - <bf/NOTE/ Some math co-processors are better than others. It pains - us to say it, but nobody ever got fired for buying Intel. Unless - you're sure it works with FreeBSD, beware of clones. - - <sect1> - <heading>What other devices does 2.X support?</heading> - - <p> - Here is a listing of drivers that do not fit into any of the - above areas. - - <descrip> - <tag><tt/b004.c/</tag> - Driver for B004 compatible Transputer boards <newline> - <tag>``ctx'' driver</tag> - Driver for CORTEX-I Frame grabber <newline> - <tag>``gp'' driver</tag> - Driver for National Instruments AT-GPIB and<newline> - AT-GPIB/TNT boards - <tag>``pca'' driver</tag> - Driver for PC speakers to allow the playing of audio files - <tag>``spigot'' driver</tag> - Driver for the Creative Labs Video Spigot - <tag>``gsc'' driver</tag> - Driver for the Genuis GS-4500 Hand scanner - <tag>``joy'' driver</tag> - Driver for a joystick - <tag/``labpc'' driver/ - Driver for National Instrument's Lab-PC and Lab-PC+ - <tag/``uart'' driver/ - Stand-alone 6850 UART for MIDI - <tag/``nic'' driver/ - Dr Neuhaus NICCY 3008, 3009 & 5000 ISDN cards - <tag/``psm'' driver/ - PS/2 mouse port - <tag><tt/tw.c/</tag> - Driver for the X-10 POWERHOUSE <newline> - </descrip> -<!-- - <sect1> - <heading>I am about to buy a new machine. What do you recommend?</heading> - - <p> - See the <url url="../handbook/hw.html" name="hardware section"> - of the handbook. ---> - <sect1> - <heading>I have a lap-top with power management.</heading> - <p> - FreeBSD supports APM on certain machines. Please look in the - <tt/LINT/ kernel config file under <tt/APM/. - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD does not recognise my Bustek 742a EISA SCSI.</heading> - <p> - This info is specific to the 742a but may also cover other - Buslogic cards. (Bustek = Buslogic) - - There are 2 general ``versions'' of the 742a card. They are - hardware revisions A-G, and revisions H - onwards. The revision - letter is located after the Assembly number on the edge of the - card. The 742a has 2 ROM chips on it, one is the BIOS chip and - the other is the Firmware chip. FreeBSD doesn't care what - version of BIOS chip you have but it does care about what version - of firmware chip. Buslogic will send upgrade ROMS out if you - call their tech support dept. The BIOS and Firmware chips are - shipped as a matched pair. You must have the most current - Firmware ROM in your adapter card for your hardware revision. - - The REV A-G cards can only accept BIOS/Firmware sets up to - 2.41/2.21. The REV H- up cards can accept the most current - BIOS/Firmware sets of 4.70/3.37. The difference between the - firmware sets is that the 3.37 firmware supports ``round robin'' - - The Buslogic cards also have a serial number on them. If you - have a old hardware revision card you can call the Buslogic RMA - department and give them the serial number and attempt to - exchange the card for a newer hardware revision. If the card is - young enough they will do so. - - FreeBSD 2.1 only supports Firmware revisions 2.21 onward. If you - have a Firmware revision older than this your card will not be - recognized as a Buslogic card. It may be recognized as an - Adaptec 1540, however. The early Buslogic firmware contains an - AHA1540 ``emulation'' mode. This is not a good thing for an EISA - card, however. - - If you have an old hardware revision card and you obtain the 2.21 - firmware for it, you will need to check the position of jumper W1 - to B-C, the default is A-B. - - The 742a EISA cards never had the ``>16MB'' problem mentioned in - the section <ref id="bigram" name="on >16 MB machines">. This is a - problem that occurs with the Vesa-Local Buslogic SCSI cards. - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD does not recognise my on-board AIC-7xxx EISA SCSI in an HP Netserver</heading> - <p> - This is basically a known problem. The EISA on-board SCSI controller - in the HP Netserver machines occupies EISA slot number 11, so all - the ``true'' EISA slots are in front of it. Alas, the address space - for EISA slots >= 10 collides with the address space assigned to PCI, - and FreeBSD's auto-configuration currently cannot handle this - situation very well. - - So now, the best you can do is to pretend there were no address - range clash :), by bumping the kernel option <tt/EISA_SLOTS/ - to a value of 12. - Configure and compile a kernel, as described in the - <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/kernelconfig.html" - name="Handbook entry on configuring the kernel">. - - Of course, this does present you a chicken-and-egg problem when - installing on such a machine. In order to work around this - problem, a special hack is available inside <em>UserConfig</em>. - Do not use the ``visual'' interface, but the plain command-line - interface there. Simply type -<verb> -eisa 12 -quit -</verb> - - at the prompt, and install your system as usual. While it's - recommendable to compile and install a custom kernel anyway, - <tt/dset(8)/ now also understands to save this value. - - Hopefully, future version will have a proper fix for this problem. - - <sect1> - <heading>What's up with this CMD640 IDE controller?</heading> - - <p>It's broken. It cannot handle commands on both channels - simultaneously. - - <p>There's a workaround available now, but as of FreeBSD 2.2, - we felt it was still not long enough in the source tree to - shake out any potential bugs. Hence it is disabled by default. - To enable it, you have to reconfigure and recompile your kernel - with -<verb> -options "CMD640" -</verb> - - in the config file. - - <p>In order to install the system, you must however ensure - that only one channel of this controller will be used. Don't - forget about ATAPI CD-ROM drives here -- if you are using one, - it must be the slave on the primary channel. Once your new - kernel is in place, you can rearrange the machine as you like. - - <p>The workaround is likely to be enabled by default in future - versions. - - <sect> - <heading>Commercial Applications</heading> - - <p> - <bf/NOTE/ This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of - course, that companies will add to it! :) The FreeBSD group has no - financial interest in any of the companies listed here but simply - lists them as a public service (and feels that commercial interest - in FreeBSD can have very positive effects on FreeBSD's long-term - viability). We encourage commercial software vendors to send their - entries here for inclusion. - - - <sect1> - <heading>Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD?</heading> - <p>Contact <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> for a Motif 2.0 - distribution for FreeBSD. - - This distribution includes: - <itemize> - <item>OSF/Motif manager, xmbind, panner, wsm. - <item>Development kit with uil, mrm, xm, xmcxx, include and Imake files. - <item>Static and dynamic libraries. - <item>Demonstration applets. - <item>Preformatted man pages. - </itemize> - - <p>Be sure to specify that you want the FreeBSD version of Motif - when ordering! Versions for BSDI and Linux are also sold by - <em>Xi Graphics</em>. This is currently a 4 diskette set... in the - future this will change to a unified CD distribution like their CDE.</p> - - <sect1> - <heading>Where can I get CDE for FreeBSD?</heading> - <p>Contact <ref id="xig" name="Xi Graphics"> for a CDE 1.0.10 - distribution for FreeBSD. This includes Motif 1.2.5, and can - be used with Motif 2.0. - - <p>This is a unified CDROM distribution for FreeBSD and Linux.</p> - - <sect1> - <heading>Are there any commercial high-performance X servers?<label id="xig"></heading> - <p> - Yes, <url url="http://www.xig.com" name="Xi Graphics"> - sells their Accelerated-X product for FreeBSD and other Intel - based systems. - - This high performance X Server offers easy configuration, support - for multiple concurrent video boards and is distributed in binary - form only, in a unified diskette distribution for FreeBSD and Linux. - - There is a free "compatibility demo" of version 3.1 available. - - Xi Graphics also sells Motif and CDE for FreeBSD (see above). - - <descrip> - <tag/More info/ - <url url="http://www.xig.com/" name="Xi Graphics WWW page"> - <tag/or/ - <url url="mailto:sales@xig.com" name="Sales"> or - <url url="mailto:support@xig.com" name="Support"> - email addresses. - <tag/or/ - phone (800) 946 7433 or +1 303 298-7478. - </descrip> - - <sect1> - <heading>Are there any Database systems for FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - Yes! Conetic Software Systems has ported their C/base and C/books - database systems to FreeBSD 2.0.5 and higher. - - <descrip> - <tag/For more information/ - <url url="http://www.conetic.com/" name="Conetic Software Systems"> - <tag/or mail/ - <url url="mailto:info@conetic.com" name="Information E-mail address"> - </descrip> - - <sect1> - <heading>Any other applications I might be interested in?</heading> - - <p> - RenderMorphics, Ltd. sells a high-speed 3D rendering package for - FreeBSD called ``Reality Lab'' (tm). - - Send email to <url url="mailto:info@render.com" - name="info@render.com"> - - or call: +44(0)71-251-4411 / FAX: +44(0)71-251-0939 - - This package is also for FreeBSD 1.1.5 but has been tested and - shown to run under FreeBSD 2.0 with the ``<tt/compat1xdist/'' - installed. - - Thanks must be extended to all of these companies for showing - enough faith in FreeBSD to port their products to it. While we - get no direct benefit from the sales of these products, the - indirect benefits of FreeBSD proving itself to be a successful - platform for such commercial interests will be immense! We wish - these companies every measure of success, and can only hope that - others are encouraged to follow suit. - - </sect1> - - <sect> - <heading>User Applications</heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>I want to run X, how do I go about it?</heading> - - <p> - First, get the XFree86(tm) distribution of X11R6 from - <tt/XFree86.cdrom.com/ The version you want for FreeBSD 2.X and - later is <tt/XFree86 3.1.1/. Follow the instructions for - installation carefully. You may then wish to read the - documentation for the <tt/ConfigXF86/ tool, which assists you in - configuring XFree86(tm) for your particular graphics - card/mouse/etc. - - You may also wish to investigate the Xaccel server, which is - available at a very reasonable price. See section - <ref id="xig" name="on Xi Graphics"> for more details. - - <sect1> - <heading>Why doesn't my mouse work with X</heading> - - <p> - If you are using syscons (the default console driver), you can - configure FreeBSD to support a mouse pointer on each virtual - screen. In order to avoid conflicting with X, syscons supports - a virtual device called ``<tt>sysmouse</tt>''. All mouse events - received from the real mouse device are written to the sysmouse - device, using the MouseSystems protocol. If you wish to use your - mouse on one or more virtual consoles, <bf/and/ use X, the - following configuration is recommended: - - <verb> - /etc/sysconfig: - mousedtype=ps/2 # or whatever your actual type is - mousedport=/dev/psm0 # or whatever your real port is - - /etc/XF86Config - Section Pointer - Protocol "MouseSystems" - Device "/dev/sysmouse" - ..... - </verb> - - <p> - Some people prefer to use ``<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>'' under X. To - make this work, ``<tt>/dev/mouse</tt>'' should be linked to - ``<tt>/dev/sysmouse</tt>'': - - <verb> - cd /dev - rm -f mouse - ln -s sysmouse mouse - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>ghostscript gives lots of errors with my 386/486SX.<label id="emul"></heading> - - <p> - You don't have a math co-processor, right? - You will need to add the alternative math emulator to your kernel; - you do this by adding the following to your kernel config file - and it will be compiled in. - - <verb> - options GPL_MATH_EMULATE - </verb> - - <bf/NOTE/ You will need to remove the <tt/MATH_EMULATE/ - option when you do this. - - <sect1> - <heading>Is there an easy way to get hold of applications?</heading> - - <p> - Yes. Please take a look at <url - url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/ports/" name="the ports page"> - for software ported to FreeBSD. The list is growing daily, - so come back to check often. All ports here should work for - systems on either the 2.2 or 3.0 branch, and most of them - work for 2.1.x systems as well. CDROM people will have a - snapshot of this tree at the time of release in the - <tt>ports/</tt> directory on the CD. - - We also support the concept of a ``package'', which is - essentially a gzipped binary distribution with a little extra - intelligence embedded in it for doing any custom installation - work required. Packages can also be installed or uninstalled - again easily without having to know the gory details. CDROM - people will have a <tt>packages/</tt> directory on their CD, - others can get the currently available packages from: - - <descrip> - <tag>for 2.1.x-release</tag> - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.1.7/" - name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.1.7/"> - <tag>for 2.2.1-release/2.2-stable</tag> - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2/" - name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-2.2/"> - <tag>for 3.0-current</tag> - <url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/" - name="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/packages-3.0/"> - </descrip> - - or your nearest mirror site. - - Note that all ports may not be available as packages, and that - new packages are constantly being added. It is always a good - idea to check periodically to see which packages are available. - A <tt/README/ file in the packages directory provides more - details on the care and feeding of the package software, so no - explicit details will be given here. - - <sect1> - <heading>Where do I find libc.so.3.0?</heading> - <p> - You are trying to run a package for 2.2/3.0 on a 2.1.x - system. Please take a look at the previous section and get - the correct port/package for your system. - - <sect1> - <heading>When I run a SCO/iBCS2 application, it bombs on <tt/socksys/.</heading> - - <p> - You first need to edit the <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> in the last - section to change the following variable to <tt/YES/: - <verb> - # Set to YES if you want ibcs2 (SCO) emulation loaded at startup - ibcs2=NO - </verb> - It will load the <tt/ibcs2/ kernel module at startup. - - You'll then need to set up /compat/ibcs2/dev to look like: - - <verb> -lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 X0R@ -> /dev/null -lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 7 Oct 15 22:20 nfsd@ -> socksys --rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 0 Oct 28 12:02 null -lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Oct 15 22:20 socksys@ -> /dev/null -crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 41, 1 Oct 15 22:14 spx - </verb> - You just need socksys to go to <tt>/dev/null</tt> to fake the - open & close. The code in -current will handle the rest. - This is much cleaner than the way it was done before. If you - want the <tt/spx/ driver for a local socket X connection, define - <tt/SPX_HACK/ when you compile the system. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I configure INN (Internet News) for my machine?</heading> - - <p>After installing the inn package or port, the - <url url="http://www.math.psu.edu/barr/INN.html" - name="Dave Barr's INN Page"> - where you'll find the INN FAQ may be an excellent place to start. - - <sect> - <heading>Miscellaneous Questions</heading> - <p> - - <sect1> - <heading>Why does FreeBSD consume far more swap space than Linux?</heading> - - <p> - It doesn't. You might mean ``why does my swap seem full?''. If - that is what you really meant, it's because putting stuff in swap - rather than discarding it makes it faster to recover than if the - pager had to go through the file system to pull in clean - (unmodified) blocks from an executable. - - The actual amount of dirty pages that you can have in core at - once is not reduced; the clean pages are displaced as necessary. - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I add more swap space?</heading> - - <p>The best way is to increase the size of your swap partition, or - take advantage of this convenient excuse to add another disk (and - see <ref id="swap" name="this note"> if you do), but - <bf/Werner Griessl/ has provided these instructions for setting FreeBSD - up for swapping to a file: - - <p>Here is an example for 64Mb vn-swap (<tt>/usr/swap0</tt>) - <p> - <enum> - <item> - create a vn-device - <verb> -cd /dev; sh ./MAKEDEV vn0 - </verb> - <item> - create a swapfile (<tt>/usr/swap0</tt>) - <verb> -dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1024k count=64 - </verb> - <item> - put into /etc/rc.local the line - <verb> -vnconfig -ce /dev/vn0c /usr/swap0 swap - </verb> - <item> - reboot the machine - </enum> - - <p> - You must also have a kernel with the line - <verb> -pseudo-device vn #Vnode driver (turns a file into a device) - </verb> - in your config-file. - - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>What is FreeBSD's a.out executable format, and why not ELF?</heading> - <p>To understand why FreeBSD uses the <tt>a.out</tt> format, you must - first know a little about the 3 currently "dominant" executable - formats for UNIX: - - <itemize> - <item><bf>a.out</bf> - <p>The oldest and `classic' unix object format. It uses a - short and compact header with a magic number at the beginning - that's often used to characterize the format (see the - <tt>a.out</tt>(5) for more details). It contains three loaded - segments: .text, .data, and .bss plus a symbol table and a - string table. - </item> - - - <item><bf>COFF</bf> - <p>The SVR3 object format. The header now comprises a section - table, so you can have more than just .text, .data, and .bss - sections.</item> - - <item><bf>ELF</bf> - <p>The successor to <tt/COFF/, featuring Multiple sections - and 32-bit or 64-bit possible values. One major drawback: - <tt/ELF/ was also designed with the assumption that there - would be only one ABI per system architecture. That - assumption is actually quite incorrect, and not even in the - commercial SYSV world (which has at least three ABIs: SVR4, - Solaris, SCO) does it hold true. - - FreeBSD tries to work around this problem somewhat by - providing a utility for <em>branding</em> a known <tt/ELF/ - executable with information about the ABI it's compliant with. - See the man page for brandelf(1) for more information.</item> - </itemize> - - <p>FreeBSD comes from the "classic" camp and uses the - <tt/a.out/ format, a technology tried and proven through - many generations of BSD releases. Though it has also been possible - for some time to build and run native <tt/ELF/ binaries (and - kernels) on a FreeBSD system, no official "push" to switch to - ELF as the default format has, as yet, been made. Why? Well, - when the Linux camp made their painful transition to <tt/ELF/, it - was not so much to flee the <tt/a.out/ executable format - as it was their inflexible jump-table based shared library - mechanism, which made the construction of shared libraries - very difficult for vendors and developers alike. Since the <tt/ELF/ - tools available offered a solution to the shared library - problem and were generally seen as "the way forward" anyway, the - migration cost was accepted as necessary and the transition - made. - - <p>In FreeBSD's case, it's not quite so simple since our shared - library mechanism is based more closely on Sun's - <tt>SunOS</tt>-style shared library mechanism and, as such, is very - easy to use. The only thing we actually lack with <tt/a.out/ - which <tt/ELF/ would give us is cleaner support for C++ constructors - and destructors, among other similarly esoteric things, and it - simply hasn't become much of a problem yet (and there is quite - a bit of C++ code in FreeBSD's source tree). Should that change, - a migration may, at some point, be more seriously contemplated. - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>Why doesn't chmod change the permissions on symlinks?</heading> - <p> - You have to use either ``<tt/-H/'' or ``<tt/-L/'' together with - the ``<tt/-R/'' option to make this work. See the <tt/chmod(1)/ - and <tt/symlink(7)/ man pages for more info. - - <bf/WARNING/ the ``<tt/-R/'' option does a <bf/RECURSIVE/ - <tt/chmod/. Be careful about specifying directories or symlinks - to directories to <tt/chmod/. If you want to change the - permissions of a directory referenced by a symlink, use - <tt/chmod(1)/ without any options and follow the symlink with a - trailing slash (``<tt>/</tt>''). For example, if ``<tt/foo/'' is - a symlink to directory ``<tt/bar/'', and you want to change the - permissions of ``<tt/foo/'' (actually ``<tt/bar/''), you would do - something like: - <verb> - chmod 555 foo/ - </verb> - - With the trailing slash, <tt/chmod/ will follow the symlink, - ``<tt/foo/'', to change the permissions of the directory, - ``<tt/bar/''. - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>Why are login names <bf/still/ resticted to 8 characters</heading> - - <p>You'd think it'd be easy enough to change <bf/UT_NAMESIZE/ and rebuild - the whole world, and everything would just work. Unfortunately there's - scads of applications and utilities (including system tools) that have - hard-coded small numbers (not always "8" or "9", but oddball ones - like "15" and "20") in structures and buffers... and it would break - Sun's NIS clients and no doubt cause other problems in interacting - with other UNIX systems. - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>When I mount a CDROM, I get ``Incorrect super block''.</heading> - <p> - You have to tell <tt/mount(8)/ the type of the device that you - want to mount. By default, <tt/mount(8)/ will assume the - filesystem is of type ``<tt/ufs/''. You want to mount a CDROM - filesystem, and you do this by specifying the ``<tt/-t cd9660/'' - option to <tt/mount(8)/. This does, of course, assume that the - CDROM contains an ISO 9660 filesystem, which is what most CDROMs - have. As of 1.1R, FreeBSD automatically understands the Rock Ridge - (long filename) extensions as well. - - As an example, if you want to mount the CDROM device, - ``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>'', under <tt>/mnt</tt>, you would execute: - - <verb> - mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt - </verb> - - Note that your device name (``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>'' in this - example) could be different, depending on the CDROM interface. - Note that the ``<tt/-t cd9660/'' option just causes the - ``<tt/mount_cd9660/'' command to be executed, and so the - above example could be shortened to: - <verb> - mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>When I mount a CDROM, I get ``Device not configured''.</heading> - <p> - This generally means that there is no CDROM in the CDROM drive, - or the drive is not visible on the bus. Feed the drive - something, and/or check its master/slave status if it is - IDE (ATAPI). It can take a couple of seconds for a CDROM drive - to notice that it's been fed, so be patient. - - Sometimes a SCSI CD-ROM may be missed because it hadn't enough time - to answer the bus reset. In you have a SCSI CD-ROM please try to - add the following symbol into your kernel configuration file - and recompile. - - <verb> - options "SCSI_DELAY=15" - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I mount a secondary DOS partition?</heading> - - <p> - The secondary DOS partitions are found after ALL the primary - partitions. For example, if you have an "E" partition as the - second DOS partition on the second SCSI drive, you need to create - the special files for "slice 5" in /dev, then mount /dev/sd1s5: - - <verb> - % cd /dev - % ./MAKEDEV sd1s5 - % mount -t msdos /dev/sd1s5 /dos/e - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>Can I mount other foreign filesystems under FreeBSD?</heading> <p> - <bf/ Digital UNIX/ UFS CDROMs can be mounted directly on FreeBSD. - Mounting disk partitions from Digital UNIX and other systems - that support UFS may be more complex, depending on the details - of the disk partitioning for the operating system in question. - <p> - <bf/ Linux/: 2.2 and later have support for <bf/ext2fs/ partitions. - See mount_ext2fs(8) for more information. - - Any other information on this subject would be appreciated. - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I use the NT loader to boot FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - The general idea is that you copy the first sector of your - native root FreeBSD or Linux partition into a file in the DOS/NT - partition. Assuming you name that file something like - <tt>c:\bootsect.bsd</tt> or <tt>c:\bootsect.lnx</tt> - (inspired by <tt>c:\bootsect.dos</tt>) you can then edit the - <tt>c:\boot.ini</tt> file to come up with something like - this: - <verb> - [boot loader] - timeout=30 - default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS - [operating systems] - multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT" - C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD" - C:\BOOTSECT.LNX="Linux" - C:\="DOS" - </verb> - This procedure assumes that DOS, NT, Linux, FreeBSD, or whatever - have been installed into their respective fdisk partitions on the - <bf/same/ disk. In my case DOS & NT are in the first fdisk - partition, FreeBSD in the second, and Linux in the third. I also - installed FreeBSD and Linux to boot from their native partitions, - not the disk MBR, and without delay. - - Mount a DOS-formatted floppy (if you've converted to NTFS) or the - FAT partition, under, say, <tt>/mnt</tt>. - - In FreeBSD: - <verb> - dd if=/dev/rsd0a of=/mnt/bootsect.bsd bs=512 count=1 - </verb> - - In Linux: - <verb> - dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/mnt/bootsect.lnx bs=512 count=1 - </verb> - - Reboot into DOS or NT. NTFS users copy the <tt/bootsect.bsd/ - and/or the <tt/bootsect.lnx/ file from the floppy to - <tt/C:\/. Modify the attributes (permissions) on - <tt/boot.ini/ with: - - <verb> - attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini - </verb> - - Edit to add the appropriate entries from the example - <tt/boot.ini/ above, and restore the attributes: - - <verb> - attrib -r -s c:\boot.ini - </verb> - - If FreeBSD or Linux are booting from the MBR, restore it with the - DOS ``<tt>fdisk /mbr</tt>'' command after you reconfigure them to - boot from their native partitions. - - <sect1> - <heading>My printer is ridiculously slow. What can I do ?</heading> - <p> - If it's parallel, and the only problem is that it's terribly - slow, try setting your printer port into ``polled'' mode: - - <verb> - lptcontrol -p - </verb> - - Some newer HP printers are claimed not to work correctly in - interrupt mode, apparently due to some (not yet exactly - understood) timing problem. - - <sect1> - <heading>Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?</heading> - - <p> - Not yet, though BSDI has just donated their <tt/rundos/ DOS emulation - subsystem which we're now working on integrating and enhancing. - Send mail to - <url url="mailto:emulation@freebsd.org" - name="The FreeBSD emulation discussion list"> - if you're interested in joining this effort! - - For now, there is a neat utility called ``<tt/pcemu/'' in the - ports collection which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services - to run DOS text mode applications. It requires the X Window - System (provided as XFree86 3.1.2). - - <sect1> - <heading>My programs occasionally die with ``Signal 11'' errors.</heading> - <p> - This can be caused by bad hardware (memory, motherboard, etc.). - Try running a memory-testing program on your PC. Note that, even - though every memory testing program you try will report your - memory as being fine, it's possible for slightly marginal memory - to pass all memory tests, yet fail under operating conditions - (such as during busmastering DMA from a SCSI controller like the - Adaptec 1542, when you're beating on memory by compiling a kernel, - or just when the system's running particularly hot). - - The SIG11 FAQ (listed below) points up slow memory as being the - most common problem. Increase the number of wait states in your - BIOS setup, or get faster memory. - - For me the guilty party has been bad cache RAM or a bad on-board - cache controller. Try disabling the on-board (secondary) cache in - the BIOS setup and see if that solves the problem. - - There's an extensive FAQ on this at - <url url="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/" - name="the SIG11 problem FAQ"> - - <sect1> - <heading>Help! X Window menus and dialog boxes don't work right!</heading> - <p> - Try turning off the Num Lock key. - - If your Num Lock key is on by default at boot-time, you may add - the following line in the ``<tt/Keyboard/'' section of the - <tt/XF86config/ file. - -<verb> -# Let the server do the NumLock processing. This should only be required -# when using pre-R6 clients - ServerNumLock -</verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>When I boot, the screen goes black and loses sync!</heading> - <p> - This is a known problem with the ATI Mach 64 video card. - The problem is that this card uses address <tt/2e8/, and - the fourth serial port does too. Due to a bug (feature?) in the - sio.c driver it will touch this port even if you don't have the - fourth serial port, and <bf/even/ if you disable sio3 (the fourth - port) which normally uses this address. - - Until the bug has been fixed, you can use this workaround: - <enum> - <item> Enter <tt/-c/ at the bootprompt. - (This will put the kernel into configuration mode). - <item> Disable <tt/sio0/, <tt/sio1/, <tt/sio2/ and <tt/sio3/ - (all of them). This way the sio driver doesn't get activated - -> no problems. - <item> Type exit to continue booting. - </enum> - - If you want to be able to use your serial ports, - you'll have to build a new kernel with the following - modification: in <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt> find the - one occurrence of the string <tt/0x2e8/ and remove that string - and the preceding comma (keep the trailing comma). Now follow - the normal procedure of building a new kernel. - - Even after applying these workarounds, you may still find that - X Window does not work properly. Some newer ATI Mach 64 video - cards (notably ATI Mach Xpression) do not run with the current - version of <tt/XFree86/; the screen goes black when you start - X Window, or it works with strange problems. You can get - a beta-version of a new X-server that works better, by looking at - <url url="http://www.xfree86.org" name="the XFree86 site"> - and following the links to the new beta release. Get the - following files: - - <tt>AccelCards, BetaReport, Cards, Devices, FILES, README.ati, - README.FreeBSD, README.Mach64, RELNOTES, VGADriver.Doc, - X312BMa64.tgz</tt> - - Replace the older files with the new versions and make sure you - run <tt/xf86config/ again. - - <sect1> - <heading>What is a virtual console?</heading> - <p> - Virtual consoles, put simply, enable you to have several - simultaneous sessions on the same machine without doing anything - complicated like setting up a network or running X. - <p> - When the system starts, it will display a login prompt on - the monitor after displaying all the boot messages. You can - then type in your login name and password and start working (or - playing!) on the first virtual console. - <p> - At some point, you will probably wish to start another - session, perhaps to look at documentation for a program - you are running or to read your mail while waiting for an - FTP transfer to finish. Just do Alt-F2 (hold down the Alt - key and press the F2 key), and you will find a login prompt - waiting for you on the second ``virtual console''! When you - want to go back to the original session, do Alt-F1. - <p> - The default FreeBSD installation has three virtual consoles - enabled, and Alt-F1, Alt-F2, and Alt-F3 will switch between - these virtual consoles. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I access the virtual consoles from X?</heading> - <p> - If the console is currently displaying X Window, you can use - Ctrl-Alt-F1, etc. to switch to a virtual console. Note, however, - that once you've switched away from X Window to a virtual - terminal, you use only the Alt- function key to switch to another - virtual terminal or back to X Window. You do not also press the - Ctrl key; the Ctrl-Alt-function key combination is used only when - switching from X Window to a virtual terminal. If you insist on - using the control key to switch back to X you can find your - text console stuck in ``control-lock'' mode. Tap the control - key to wake it up again. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I increase the number of virtual consoles?</heading> - <p> - Edit <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> and add entries for ``<tt/ttyv4/'' to - ``<tt/ttyvc/'' after the comment on ``Virtual terminals'' (delete - the leading whitespace in the following example): - - <verb> - # Edit the existing entry for ttyv3 in /etc/ttys and change - # "off" to "on". - ttyv3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv4 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv5 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv6 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv7 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - </verb> - - Use as many or as few as you want. The more virtual terminals - you have, the more resources that are used; this can be important - if you have 8MB RAM or less. You may also want to change the - ``<tt/secure/'' to ``<tt/insecure/''. - - <bf/IMPORTANT NOTE/ if you want to run X Window, you <bf/MUST/ - leave a virtual terminal unused (or turned off). For example, if - you want to attach a virtual terminal to all of your twelve - Alt-function keys, you can only attach virtual terminals to - eleven of them. The last must be left unused, because - X Window System - will use it, and you will use the last Alt-function key to switch - back to X Window (after you have switched from X Window to a - virtual console via a Ctrl-Alt-function key). The easiest way to - do this is to disable a console by turning it off. For example, - if you have a keyboard with twelve function keys, you would - change settings for virtual terminal 12 from: - - <verb> - ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 on secure - </verb> - to: - <verb> - ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure - </verb> - - If your keyboard has only ten function keys, you would end up with: - <verb> - ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure - ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure - ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure - </verb> - (You could also just delete these lines.) - - Once you have edited <tt>/etc/ttys</tt>, the next step is to make - sure that you have enough virtual terminal devices. The easiest - way to do this is: - <verb> - cd /dev - ./MAKEDEV vty12 # For 12 devices - </verb> - - Next, the easiest (and cleanest) way to activate the virtual - consoles is to reboot. However, if you really don't want to - reboot, you can just shut down the X Window system and execute (as - <tt/root/): - <verb> - kill -HUP 1 - </verb> - - It's imperative that you completely shut down X Window if it is - running, before running this command. If you don't, your system - will probably appear to hang/lock up after executing the kill - command. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I start XDM from the <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> file ?</heading> - <p> - Starting xdm via /etc/ttys is a Bad Thing. I don't know why this - crept into some README file. - - Start it from your <tt/rc.local/, and be explicit about how it - has to start. If this is your last action in <tt/rc.local/, put - a ``<tt/sleep 1/'' behind, to allow <tt/xdm/ to properly - daemonize before the <tt/rc/ shell exits. - - <tt/xdm/ should be started without any arguments (i.e., as a - daemon). - - <bf/NOTE:/ A previos version of this FAQ told you to add the - <tt/vt/ you want X to use to the - <tt>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</tt> file. This is not necessary: - X will use the first free <tt/vt/ it finds. - - <sect1> - <heading>What is this thing called ``<tt/sup/'', and how do I use it?</heading> - - <p> - SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU - for keeping their development trees in sync. We used it to keep - remote sites in sync with our central development sources. - - SUP is not bandwidth friendly, and has been retired. The current - recommended method to keep your sources up to date is - <url url="../handbook/cvsup.html" name="Handbook entry on CVSup"> - - <sect1> - <heading>How cool is FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - Q. Has anyone done any temperature testing while running FreeBSD? - I know Linux runs cooler than dos, but have never seen a mention of - FreeBSD. It seems to run really hot. - <p> - A. No, but we have done numerous taste tests on blindfolded - volunteers who have also had 250 micrograms of LSD-25 - administered beforehand. 35% of the volunteers said that FreeBSD - tasted sort of orange, whereas Linux tasted like purple haze. - Neither group mentioned any particular variances in temperature - that I can remember. We eventually had to throw the results of - this survey out entirely anyway when we found that too many - volunteers were wandering out of the room during the tests, thus - skewing the results. I think most of the volunteers are at Apple - now, working on their new ``scratch and sniff'' GUI. It's a - funny old business we're in! - - Seriously, both FreeBSD and Linux uses the ``<tt/HLT/'' (halt) - instruction when the system is idle thus lowering its energy - consumption and therefore the heat it generates. Also if you - have APM (automatic power management) configured, then FreeBSD - can also put the CPU into a low power mode. - - <sect1> - <heading>Who's scratching in my memory banks??</heading> - <p> - Q. Is there anything "odd" that FreeBSD does when compiling the - kernel which would cause the memory to make a scratchy sound? When - compiling (and for a brief moment after recognizing the floppy drive - upon startup, as well), a strange scratchy sound emanates from what - appears to be the memory banks. - <p> - A. Yes! You'll see frequent references to ``daemons'' in the BSD - documentation, and what most people don't know is that this - refers to genuine, non-corporeal entities that now possess your - computer. The scratchy sound coming from your memory is actually - high-pitched whispering exchanged among the daemons as they best - decide how to deal with various system administration tasks. - - If the noise gets to you, a good ``<tt>fdisk /mbr</tt>'' from DOS - will get rid of them, but don't be surprised if they react - adversely and try to stop you. In fact, if at any point during - the exercise you hear the satanic voice of Bill Gates coming from - the built-in speaker, take off running and don't ever look back! - Freed from the counterbalancing influence of the BSD daemons, the - twin demons of DOS and Windows are often able to re-assert total - control over your machine to the eternal damnation of your soul. - Given a choice, I think I'd prefer to get used to the scratchy - noises, myself! - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I create customized installation disks?</heading> - <p> - The entire process of creating installation disks and source and - binary archives is automated by various targets in - <tt>/usr/src/release/Makefile</tt>. The information there should - be enough to get you started. However, it should be said that this - involves doing a ``make world'' and will therefore take up a lot of - time and disk space. - - <sect1> - <heading>``make world'' clobbers my existing installed binaries.</heading> - - <p> - Yes, this is the general idea; as its name might suggest, - ``make world'' rebuilds every system binary from scratch, so - you can be certain of having a clean and consistent - environment at the end (which is why it takes so long). - <p> - If the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ is defined while running - ``<tt/make world/'' or ``<tt/make install/'', the newly-created - binaries will be deposited in a directory tree identical to the - installed one, rooted at <tt>${DESTDIR}</tt>. - Some random combination of shared libraries modifications and - program rebuilds can cause this to fail in ``<tt/make world/'', - however. - - - <sect1> - <heading>When my system boots, it says ``(bus speed defaulted)''.</heading> - - <p> - The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure - their bus access speed in software. Previous versions of the - 1542 driver tried to determine the fastest usable speed and set - the adapter to that. We found that this breaks some users' - systems, so you now have to define the ``<tt/TUNE_1542/'' kernel - configuration option in order to have this take place. Using it - on those systems where it works may make your disks run faster, - but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could be - corrupted. - - <sect1> - <heading>Can I follow current with limited Internet access?<label id="ctm"></heading> - - <p> - Yes, you can do this <tt /without/ downloading the whole source tree - by using the - <url - url="../handbook/ctm.html" - name="CTM facility."> - - <sect1> - <heading>How did you split the distribution up into 240k files?</heading> - - <p> - Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that - allows them to split files on arbitrary byte boundaries. - - Here is an example from <tt>/usr/src/Makefile</tt>. - - <verb> - bin-tarball: - (cd ${DISTDIR}; \ - tar cf - . \ - gzip --no-name -9 -c | \ - split -b 240640 - \ - ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.) - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>I've written a kernel extension, who do I send it to?</heading> - <p> - Please take a look at: - - <url url="../handbook/submitters.html" - name="The Handbook entry on how to submit code."> - - And thanks for the thought! - - <sect1> - <heading>When I run xconsole, I get ``Couldn't open console''.</heading> - <p> - If you start X with 'startx', the permissions on /dev/console will - <tt /not/ get changed, resulting in things like ``xterm -C'' and - ``xconsole'' not working. - - <p> - This is because of the way console permissions are set by default. - On a multi-user system, one doesn't necessarily want just any user - to be able to write on the system console. For users who are logging - directly onto a machine with a VTY, the <tt/fbtab(5)/ file exists - to solve such problems. - - In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the form - - <verb> - /dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console - </verb> - - is in <tt>/etc/fbtab</tt> and it will ensure that whomever logs - in on <tt>/dev/ttyv0</tt> will own the console. - - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>How are Plug N Play ISA cards detected and initialised?</heading> - <p> - By: Frank Durda IV <tt><uhclem@nemesis.lonestar.org></tt> - - In a nutshell, there a few I/O ports that all of the PnP boards - respond to when the host asks if anyone is out there. So when - the PnP probe routine starts, he asks if there are any PnP boards - present, and all the PnP boards respond with their model # to - a I/O read of the same port, so the probe routine gets a wired-OR - ``yes'' to that question. At least one bit will be on in that - reply. Then the probe code is able to cause boards with board - model IDs (assigned by Microsoft/Intel) lower than X to go - ``off-line''. It then looks to see if any boards are still - responding to the query. If the answer was ``<tt/0/'', then - there are no boards with IDs above X. Now probe asks if there - are any boards below ``X''. If so, probe knows there are boards - with a model numbers below X. Probe then asks for boards greater - than X-(limit/4) to go off-line. If repeats the query. By - repeating this semi-binary search of IDs-in-range enough times, - the probing code will eventually identify all PnP boards present - in a given machine with a number of iterations that is much lower - than what 2^64 would take. - - The IDs are two 32-bit fields (hence 2ˆ64) + 8 bit checksum. - The first 32 bits are a vendor identifier. They never come out - and say it, but it appears to be assumed that different types of - boards from the same vendor could have different 32-bit vendor - ids. The idea of needing 32 bits just for unique manufacturers - is a bit excessive. - - The lower 32 bits are a serial #, ethernet address, something - that makes this one board unique. The vendor must never produce - a second board that has the same lower 32 bits unless the upper - 32 bits are also different. So you can have multiple boards of - the same type in the machine and the full 64 bits will still be - unique. - - The 32 bit groups can never be all zero. This allows the - wired-OR to show non-zero bits during the initial binary search. - - Once the system has identified all the board IDs present, it will - reactivate each board, one at a time (via the same I/O ports), - and find out what resources the given board needs, what interrupt - choices are available, etc. A scan is made over all the boards - to collect this information. - - This info is then combined with info from any ECU files on the - hard disk or wired into the MLB BIOS. The ECU and BIOS PnP - support for hardware on the MLB is usually synthetic, and the - peripherals don't really do geniune PnP. However by examining - the BIOS info plus the ECU info, the probe routines can cause the - devices that are PnP to avoid those devices the probe code cannot - relocate. - - Then the PnP devices are visited once more and given their I/O, - DMA, IRQ and Memory-map address assignments. The devices will - then appear at those locations and remain there until the next - reboot, although there is nothing that says you can't move them - around whenever you want. - - There is a lot of oversimplification above, but you should get - the general idea. - - Microsoft took over some of the primary printer status ports to - do PnP, on the logic that no boards decoded those addresses for - the opposing I/O cycles. I found a genuine IBM printer board - that did decode writes of the status port during the early PnP - proposal review period, but MS said ``tough''. So they do a - write to the printer status port for setting addresses, plus that - use that address + <tt/0x800/, and a third I/O port for reading - that can be located anywhere between <tt/0x200/ and <tt/0x3ff/. - - <sect1> - <heading>My PS/2 mouse doesn't behave properly under X Window.</heading> - <p> - Your mouse and the mouse driver have somewhat become out of - synchronization. Switching away from X to a virtual terminal - and getting back to X again may make them re-synchronized. - If the problem occurs often, you may add the following option - in your kernel configuration file and recompile it. - <verb> - options PSM_CHECKSYNC - </verb> - - See the section on <ref id="make-kernel" name="building a - kernel"> if you've no experience with building kernels. - - With this option, there should be less chance of synchronization - problem between the mouse and the driver. If, however, you - still see the problem, click any mouse button while holding - the mouse still to re-synchronize the mouse and the driver. - - Note that unfortunately this option may not work with all the - systems and voids the ``tap'' feature of the ALPS GlidePoint - device attached to the PS/2 mouse port. - - <sect> - <heading>Kernel Configuration</heading> - <p> - <sect1> - <heading>I'd like to customize my kernel. Is it difficult?<label id="make-kernel"></heading> - <p> - Not at all! First, you need either the complete - <tt/srcdist/ or, at the minimum, the <tt/kerndist/ loaded on your - system. This provides the necessary sources for building the - kernel, as, unlike most commercial UNIX vendors, we have a policy - of <bf/NOT/ shipping our kernel code in binary object form. - Shipping the source takes a bit more space, but it also means - that you can refer to the actual kernel sources in case of - difficulty or to further your understanding of what's - <bf/really/ happening. - - Once you have the <tt/kerndist/ or <tt/srcdist/ loaded, do this: - - <enum> - <item> <tt>cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf</tt> - <item> <tt/cp GENERIC MYKERNEL/ - <item> <tt/vi MYKERNEL/ - <item> <tt/config MYKERNEL/ - <item> <tt>cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL</tt> - <item> <tt/make depend/ - <item> <tt/make all/ - <item> <tt/make install/ - <item> <tt/reboot/ - </enum> - - Step 2 may not be necessary if you already have a kernel - configuration file from a previous release of FreeBSD 2.X. - - simply bring your old one over and check it carefully for any - drivers that may have changed boot syntax or been rendered - obsolete. - - A good kernel config file to look into is <tt/LINT/, which - contains entries for <bf/all/ possible kernel options and - documents them fairly well. The <tt/GENERIC/ kernel config file - is used to build the initial release you probably loaded (unless - you upgraded in-place) and contains entries for the most common - configurations. It's a pretty good place to start from. - - If you don't need to make any changes to <tt/GENERIC/, you can - also skip step 3, where you customize the kernel for your - configuration. Step 8 should only be undertaken if steps 6 and 7 - succeed. This will copy the new kernel image to - <tt>/kernel</tt> and <bf/BACK UP YOUR OLD ONE IN/ - <tt>/kernel.old</tt>! It's very important to remember this in - case the new kernel fails to work for some reason - you can still - select <tt>/kernel.old</tt> at the boot prompt to boot the old - one. When you reboot, the new kernel will boot by default. - - If the compile in step 7 falls over for some reason, then it's - recommended that you start from step 4 but substitute - <tt/GENERIC/ for <tt/MYKERNEL/. If you can generate a - <tt/GENERIC/ kernel, then it's likely something in your special - configuration file that's bad (or you've uncovered a bug!). If - the build of the <tt/GENERIC/ kernel does <bf/NOT/ succeed, then - it's very likely that your sources are somehow corrupted. - - Finally, if you need to see your original boot messages again to - compile a new kernel that's better tailored to your hardware, try - the <tt/dmesg(8)/ command. It should print out all the boot-time - messages printed by your old kernel, some of which may be quite - helpful in configuring the new one. - - <bf/NOTE:/ I recommend making a dated snapshot of your kernel - in <tt/kernel.YYMMDD/ after you get it all working, that way if - you do something dire the next time you play with your configuration - you can boot that kernel instead of having to go all the way back - to <tt/kernel.GENERIC/. This is particularly important if you're - now booting off a controller that isn't supported in the GENERIC - kernel (yes, personal experience). - - <sect1> - <heading>My kernel compiles fail because <tt/_hw_float/ is missing.</heading> - - <p> - Let me guess. You removed <tt/npx0/ from your kernel configuration - file because you don't have a math co-processor, right? Wrong! :-) - The <tt/npx0/ is <bf/MANDATORY/. Even if you don't have a - mathematic co-processor, you <bf/must/ include the <tt/npx0/ - device. - - <sect1> - <heading>Interrupt conflicts with multi-port serial code.</heading> - <p> - Q. When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me - that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to - interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this? - - <p> - A. The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the - kernel from getting trashed due to hardware or software - conflicts. The way to fix this is to leave out the IRQ settings - on all but one port. Here is a example: - -<verb> -# -# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS -# -device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr -</verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I enable support for QIC-40/80 drives?</heading> - - <p> - You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config - file (or add it to your config file), add a ``<tt/flags 0x1/'' - on the <tt/fdc/ line and recompile. - -<verb> -controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 flags 0x1 vector fdintr -disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 ^^^^^^^^^ -disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1 -#tape ft0 at fdc0 drive 2 -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -</verb> - - Next, you create a device called <tt>/dev/ft0</tt> by going into - <tt>/dev</tt> and run the following command: - - <verb> - sh MAKEDEV ft0 - </verb> - - for the first device. <tt/ft1/ for a second one and so on. - - You will have a device called <tt>/dev/ft0</tt>, which you can - write to through a special program to manage it called - ``<tt/ft/'' - see the man page on <tt/ft/ for further details. - Versions previous to <tt/-current/ also had some trouble dealing - with bad tape media; if you have trouble where <tt/ft/ seems to - go back and forth over the same spot, try grabbing the latest - version of <tt/ft/ from <tt>/usr/src/sbin/ft</tt> in - <tt/-current/ and try that. - - - <sect1> - <heading>Does FreeBSD support System V IPC primitives?</heading> - - <p> - Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC. This includes shared - memory, messages and semaphores. You need to add the following - lines to your kernel config to enable them. - - <verb> - options SYSVSHM - options "SHMMAXPGS=64" # 256Kb of sharable memory - options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores - options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging - </verb> - - Recompile and install. - - <bf/NOTE:/ You may need to increase SHMMAXPGS to some - ridiculous number like 4096 (16M!) if you want to run - GIMP. 256Kb is plenty for X11R6 shared memory. - - <sect1> - <heading>I have 128 MB of RAM but the system only uses 64 MB.<label id="reallybigram"></heading> - - <p> - Due to the manner in which FreeBSD gets the memory size from the - BIOS, it can only detect 16 bits worth of Kbytes in size (65535 - Kbytes = 64MB). If you have more than 64MB, FreeBSD will only see - the first 64MB (or less... some BIOSes peg the memory size to 16M). - - To work around this problem, you need to use the - kernel option specified below. There is a way to get complete - memory information from the BIOS, but we don't have room in the - bootblocks to do it. Someday when lack of room in the bootblocks - is fixed, we'll use the extended BIOS functions to get the full - memory information...but for now we're stuck with the kernel - option. - - <tt> - options "MAXMEM=<n>" - </tt> - - Where <tt/n/ is your memory in Kilobytes. For a 128 MB machine, - you'd want to use <tt/131072/. - - <sect1> - <heading>FreeBSD 2.0 panics with ``kmem_map too small!''</heading> - - <p> - <tt /Note/ The message may also be ``mb_map too small!'' - <p> - The panic indicates that the system ran out of virtual memory for - network buffers (specifically, mbuf clusters). You can increase - the amount of VM available for mbuf clusters by adding: - - <tt> - options "NMBCLUSTERS=<n>" - </tt> - - to your kernel config file, where <n> is a number in the - range 512-4096, depending on the number of concurrent TCP - connections you need to support. I'd recommend trying 2048 - this - should get rid of the panic completely. You can monitor the - number of mbuf clusters allocated/in use on the system with - <tt/netstat -m/. - - - <sect1> - <heading>Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures?</heading> - - <p> - Several different groups have expressed interest in working on - multi-architecture support for FreeBSD. If you are interested in - doing so, please contact the developers at - <tt><platforms@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> for more information on our - strategy for porting. - - <sect1> - <heading>I need a major number for a device driver I've written.</heading> - - <p> - This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver - publicly available. If you do, then please send us a copy of the - driver source code, plus the appropriate modifications to - <tt>files.i386</tt>, a sample configuration file entry, and the - appropriate <tt>MAKEDEV</tt> code to create any special files - your device uses. If you do not, or are unable to because of - licensing restrictions, then character major number 32 and block - major number 8 have been reserved specifically for this purpose; - please use them. In any case, we'd appreciate hearing about your - driver on <tt><hackers@FreeBSD.ORG></tt>. - - </sect1> - - <sect> - <heading>System Administration</heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>What's with all these SNAPshot, RELENG and RELEASE releases?</heading> - - <p> - There are currently three active/semi-active branches in the FreeBSD - <url url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi" name="CVS Repository">: - - <itemize> - <item><bf/RELENG_2_1_0/ AKA <bf/2.1-stable/ AKA <bf/"2.1 branch"/</item> - <item><bf/RELENG_2_2/ AKA <bf/2.2-stable/ AKA <bf/"2.2 branch"/</item> - <item><bf/HEAD/ AKA <bf/-current/ AKA <bf/3.0-current/</item> - </itemize> - - <p><bf/HEAD/ is not an actual branch tag, like the other two, it's - simply a symbolic constant for - <em/"the current, non-branched development stream"/ - which we simply refer to as <bf/-current/. - - Right now, <bf/-current/ is the 3.0 development stream and the - <bf/2.2-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_2/, forked off from - <bf/-current/ in November 1996. - - The <bf/2.1-stable/ branch, <bf/RELENG_2_1_0/,departed -current in - September of 1994. - - <itemize> - <item><bf/Fine, so what are SNAPshots?/ - - <p>"SNAPs" are made from -current, that is to say 3.0, and they happen - infrequently, basically whenever I feel like doing one (e.g. I or - someone else wants something tested), and this generally doesn't - happen more than 3-4 times a year.</item> - - <item><bf/And what constitutes a full "RELEASE" then?/ - - <p>A full release generally occurs along a branch, divorced from - the <bf/-current/ mainline and its associated instabilities as people - work on new mechanisms or generally do renovation on FreeBSD. A - release, unless it's perhaps the very first one on a new branch, - is meant to be of slightly better and more tested stuff, and the - release date is chosen to coincide with a point in time when the - sources are the most stable, following ALPHA and BETA test periods - along the branch (during which time the addition of new functionality - is discouraged and the testing of existing functionality strongly - encouraged). </item> - - <item><bf/Makes sense so far - so, what's a "RELENG?" release?/ - - <p>The RELENG releases are a new thing, sort of a "release of the day" - mechanism which is automated and set to run along a given branch, - in the current case that being <bf/RELENG_2_2/. - - The URL <url url="ftp://releng22.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD" - name="ftp://releng22.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD"> points to a machine - which builds a full 2.2 branch release <em/every day/ from wherever - the RELENG_2_2 tag happens to be pointing at 3am. If the new - build succeeds, the release is moved into the anonymous FTP area - for transfer by others. If it fails, jkh gets a mail telling him - "Hey, somebody broke the 2.2 branch! Bad hacker, no caffeine!" - and he goes off to investigate. The 2.2 branch is not supposed to - break since people are only supposed to be committing bug fixes and - well-tested enhancements to that branch, nothing experimental - or untried (sometimes they do anyway, but hey - this is a - volunteer-driven project and we try to take that in stride :-). - </item> - </itemize> - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>Where are the system start-up configuration files?</heading> - - <p> - From 2.0.5R to 2.2.1R, the primary configuration file is - <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>. All the options are to be specified in - this file and other files such as <tt>/etc/rc</tt> and - <tt>/etc/netstart</tt> just include it. - - Look in the <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> file and change the value to - match your system. This file is filled with comments to show what - to put in there. - - In post-2.2.1 and 3.0, <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> was renamed - to a more self-describing <tt>rc.conf</tt> file and the syntax - cleaned up a bit in the process. <tt>/etc/netstart</tt> was also - renamed to <tt>/etc/rc.network</tt> so that all files could be - copied with a <tt>cp /usr/src/etc/rc* /etc</tt> command. - - <tt>/etc/rc.local</tt> is here as always and is the place to - start up additional local services like <tt/INN/ or set custom - options. - - The <tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt> is for serial port initialization - (e.g. locking the port characteristics, and so on.). - - The <tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt> is for Intel-specifics settings, such - as iBCS2 emulation or the PC system console configuration. - - Starting with 2.1.0R, you can also have "local" startup files in a - directory specified in <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> (or - <tt>/etc/rc.conf</tt>): - <verb> - # Location of local startup files. - local_startup=/usr/local/etc/rc.local.d - </verb> - Each file ending in <tt/.sh/ will be executed in alphabetical - order. - - If you want to ensure a certain execution order without changing all - the file names, you can use a scheme similar to the following with - digits prepended to each file name to insure the ordering: - <verb> - 10news.sh - 15httpd.sh - 20ssh.sh - </verb> - It can be seen as ugly (or SysV :-)) but it provides a simple and - regular scheme for locally-added packages without resorting to - magical editing of <tt>/etc/rc.local</tt>. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I add a user easily?</heading> - - <p> - Use the <tt/adduser/ command. - - There is another package called ``<tt/new-account/'' also written - in Perl by Ollivier Robert. Ask - <tt><roberto@FreeBSD.ORG></tt> about it. It is currently - undergoing further development. - - To remove the user again, use the <tt/rmuser/ command. - - <sect1> - <heading>I'm having problems setting up my printer.</heading> - <p> - Please have a look at the Handbook entry on printing. It - should cover most of your problem. See the - <url - url="../handbook/printing.html" - name="Handbook entry on printing."> - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>The keyboard mappings are wrong for my system.</heading> - <p> - The kbdcontrol program has an option to load a keyboard map file. - Under <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> are a number of map - files. Choose the one relevant to your system and load it. - - <verb> - kbdcontrol -l uk.iso - </verb> - - Both the <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> and the <tt/.kbd/ - extension are assumed by <tt/kbdcontrol(1)/. - - This can be configured in <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>. See the - appropriate comments in this file. - - In 2.0.5R and later, everything related to text fonts, keyboard - mapping is in <tt>/usr/share/examples/syscons</tt>. - - The following mappings are currently supported: - <itemize> - <!-- automatically created by `kbdmap -p' --> - - <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard Codepage 850 - <item>Brazilian 275 keyboard ISO-8859-1 - <item>Danish Codepage 865 - <item>Danish ISO-8859-1 - <item>French ISO-8859-1 - <item>German Codepage 850 - <item>German ISO-8859-1 - <item>Italian ISO-8859-1 - <item>Japanese 106 - <item>Japanese 106x - <item>Norwegian ISO-8859-1 - <item>Russian Codepage 866 (alternative) - <item>Russian koi8-r (shift) - <item>Russian koi8-r - <item>Spanish ISO-8859-1 - <item>Swedish Codepage 850 - <item>Swedish ISO-8859-1 - <item>United Kingdom Codepage 850 - <item>United Kingdom ISO-8859-1 - <item>United States of America ISO-8859-1 - <item>United States of America dvorak - <item>United States of America dvorakx - </itemize> - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>``CMAP busy panic'' when rebooting with a new kernel.</heading> - <p> - The logic that attempts to detect an out of data - <tt>/var/db/kvm_*.db</tt> files sometimes fails and using a - mismatched file can sometimes lead to panics. - - If this happens, reboot single-user and do: - <verb> - rm /var/db/kvm_*.db - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>I can't get user quotas to work properly.</heading> - <p> - <enum> - <item>Don't turn on quotas on '/', - <item>Put the quota file on the file system that the quotas are - to be enforced on. ie: - <verb> - FS QUOTA FILE - /usr /usr/admin/quotas - /home /home/admin/quotas - ... - </verb> - </enum> - - <sect1> - <heading>What's inappropriate about my ccd?</heading> - <p> - The symptom of this is: - <verb> - host# ccdconfig -C - ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format - host# - </verb> - - <p> - This usually happens when you are trying to concatenate the - `c' partitions, which default to type `unused'. The ccd - driver requires the underlying partition type to be - FS_BSDFFS. Edit the disklabel of the disks you are trying - to concatenate and change the types of partitions to - `4.2BSD'. - - <sect1> - <heading>Why can't I edit the disklabel on my ccd?</heading> - <p> - The symptom of this is: - <verb> - host# disklabel ccd0 - (it prints something sensible here, so let's try to edit it) - host# disklabel -e ccd0 - (edit, save, quit) - disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk; - use "disklabel -r" to install initial label - host# - </verb> - - <p> - This is because the disklabel returned by ccd is actually a - `fake' one that is not really on the disk. You can solve - this problem by writing it back explicitly, as in: - <verb> - host# disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp - host# disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp - host# disklabel -e ccd0 - (this will work now) - </verb> - - <sect> - <heading>Networking</heading> - - <sect1> - <heading>Where can I get information on ``diskless booting''?</heading> - - <p> - ``Diskless booting'' means that the FreeBSD box is booted over a - network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of - its hard disk. For full details, please read - - <url url="../handbook/diskless.html" - name="the Handbook entry on diskless booting"> - - <sect1> - <heading>Can a FreeBSD box be used as a dedicated network router?</heading> - - <p> - Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from - providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You can - however enable this feature by changing the following variable to - <tt/YES/ in <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt>: - <verb> - # If you want this host to be a gateway, set to YES. - gateway=YES - </verb> - - This option will put the <tt/sysctl/ variable - <tt/net.inet.ip.forwarding/ to <tt/1/. - - In most cases, you will also need to run a routing process to - tell other systems on your network about your router; FreeBSD - comes with the standard BSD routing daemon <tt/routed(8)/, or for - more complex situations you may want to try <em/GaTeD/ (available - by FTP from <tt/ftp.gated.Merit.EDU/) which supports FreeBSD as - of 3_5Alpha7. - - It is our duty to warn you that, even when FreeBSD is configured - in this way, it does not completely comply with the Internet - standard requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough - for ordinary usage. - - <sect1> - <heading>I want to recompile the latest BIND from ISC. It blows up during the compilation on some types conflicts. What can I do ? </heading> - <p> - There is a conflict between the ``<tt/cdefs.h/'' file in the - distribution and the one shipped with FreeBSD. Just remove - <tt>compat/include/sys/cdefs.h</tt>. - - <sect1> - <heading>Can I connect my Win95 box to the Internet via FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - Typically, people who ask this question have two PC's at home, one - with FreeBSD and one with Win95; the idea is to use the FreeBSD - box to connect to the Internet and then be able to access the - Internet from the Windows95 box through the FreeBSD box. This - is really just a special case of the previous question. - - There's a useful document available which explains how to set - FreeBSD up as a <url url="http://www.ssimicro.com/~jeremyc/ppp.html" - name="PPP Dialup Router"> - - <bf/NOTE:/ This requires having at least two fixed IP addresses - available, and possibly three or more, depending on how much - work you want to go through to set up the Windows box. As an - alternative, if you don't have a fixed IP, you can use one of - the private IP subnets and install <bf/proxies/ such as - <url url="http://squid.nlanr.net/Squid/" name="SQUID"> and - <url url="http://www.tis.com/" name="the TIS firewall toolkit"> - on your FreeBSD box. - - <sect1> - <heading>Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP?</heading> - - <p> - Yes. See the man pages for <tt/slattach(8)/ and/or <tt/pppd(8)/ - if you're using FreeBSD to connect to another site. If you're - using FreeBSD as a server for other machines, look at the man - page for <tt/sliplogin(8)/. - - You can also have a look at the SLIP/PPP/Use PPP sections of the - handbook in <tt>/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> or use the following - links: - - <url url="../handbook/slips.html" - name="Handbook entry on SLIP (server side)"> - <url url="../handbook/slipc.html" - name="Handbook entry on SLIP (client side)"> - <url url="../handbook/ppp.html" - name="Handbook entry on PPP (kernel version)"> - <url url="../handbook/userppp.html" - name="Handbook entry on PPP (user-mode version)"> - - <sect1> - <heading>I can connect with IJPPP but it doesn't work right!</heading> - - <p> - A possible cause for this is IJPPPs' use of predictor1 - compression. One way of determining if you have this problem - is to look at your log and if you have protocol errors then this is - most likely it. - These can be shut off with: -<verb> -deny pred1 -disable pred1 -</verb> - Use these two before you dial out and it should work. - - <sect1> - <heading>I can't create a <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!</heading> - - <p> - In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only - directly accessible by kernel code. Please see the - <tt>/etc/netstart</tt> file and the manual pages for the various - network programs mentioned there for more information. If this - leaves you totally confused, then you should pick up a book - describing network administration on another BSD-related - operating system; with few significant exceptions, administering - networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or - Ultrix. - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I setup Ethernet aliases?</heading> - <p> - Add ``<tt/netmask 0xffffffff/'' to your <tt/ifconfig/ - command-line like the following: - <verb> - ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?</heading> - - <p> - If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an - additional parameter on the <tt/ifconfig(1)/ command line. The - default port is ``<tt/link0/''. To use the AUI port instead of - the BNC one, use ``<tt/link2/''. - - <sect1> - <heading>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD.</heading> - - <p> - Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it - mildly) and can sometimes cause problems with network intensive - applications like NFS. - - See - <url - url="../handbook/nfs.html" - name="the Handbook entry on NFS"> - - for more information on - this topic. - - <sect1> - <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?</heading> - - <p> - Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests - from a privileged port; try - <verb> - mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt - </verb> - <sect1> - <heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Sun box?</heading> - - <p> - Sun workstations running SunOS 4.X only accept mount requests - from a privileged port; try - <verb> - mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt - </verb> - <sect1><heading>I'm having problems talking PPP to NeXTStep machines.</heading> - - <p> - Try disabling the TCP extensions in <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> by - changing the following variable to NO: - <verb> - tcp_extensions=NO - </verb> - - Xylogic's Annex boxes are also broken in this regard and you must - use the above change to connect thru them. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I enable IP multicast support?</heading> - - <p> - Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 by - default. If you want your box to run as a multicast router, you - will need to load the <tt/ip_mroute_mod/ loadable kernel module - and run <tt/mrouted/. - -For more information: -<verb> -Product Description Where ---------------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------- -faq.txt Mbone FAQ ftp.isi.edu:/mbone/faq.txt -imm/immserv IMage Multicast ftp.hawaii.edu:/paccom/imm.src.tar.Z - for jpg/gif images. -nv Network Video. ftp.parc.xerox.com: - /pub/net-reseach/exp/nv3.3alpha.tar.Z -vat LBL Visual Audio Tool. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/vat/i386-vat.tar.Z -wb LBL White Board. ftp.ee.lbl.gov: - /conferencing/wb/i386-wb.tar.Z -mmcc MultiMedia Conference ftp.isi.edu: - Control program /confctrl/mmcc/mmcc-intel.tar.Z -rtpqual Tools for testing the ftp.psc.edu:/pub/net_tools/rtpqual.c - quality of RTP packets. -vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z - and nv. -</verb> - - </sect1> - <sect1> - <heading>Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI chipset?</heading> - - <p> - Here is a list compiled by Glen Foster - <tt/<gfoster@driver.nsta.org>/: -<verb> -Vendor Model -- -------------------------------------------------------- -ASUS PCI-L101-TB -Accton ENI1203 -Cogent EM960PCI -Compex ENET32-PCI -D-Link DE-530 -DEC DE435 -Danpex EN-9400P3 -JCIS Condor JC1260 -Linksys EtherPCI -Mylex LNP101 -SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332) -SMC EtherPower (Model 8432) -TopWare TE-3500P -Zynx ZX342 -</verb> - </sect1> - <sect1> - <heading>Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?</heading> - <p> - You will probably find that the host is actually in a different - domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach - a host called ``mumble'' in the bar.edu domain, you will have to - refer to it by the fully-qualified domain name, ``mumble.bar.edu'', - instead of just ``mumble''. - <p> - Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers. However - the current version of <em>BIND</em> that ships with FreeBSD - no longer provides default abbreviations for non-fully - qualified domain names other than the domain you are in. - So an unqualified host <tt>mumble</tt> must either be found - as <tt>mumble.foo.bar.edu</tt>, or it will be searched for - in the root domain. - <p> - This is different from the previous behaviour, where the - search continued across <tt>mumble.bar.edu</tt>, and - <tt>mumble.edu</tt>. Have a look at RFC 1535 for why this - was considered bad practice, or even a security hole. - <p> - As a good workaround, you can place the line -<p><tt> -search foo.bar.edu bar.edu -</tt><p> - instead of the previous - -<p><tt> -domain foo.bar.edu -</tt><p> - into your <tt>/etc/resolv.conf</tt>. However, make sure - that the search order does not go beyond the ``boundary - between local and public administration'', as RFC 1535 - calls it. - - </sect1> - - <sect1><heading>Sendmail says ``mail loops back to myself''</heading> - <p> - This is answered in the sendmail FAQ as follows:- - <verb> - * I'm getting "Local configuration error" messages, such as: - - 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself - 554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error - - How can I solve this problem? - - You have asked mail to the domain (e.g., domain.net) to be - forwarded to a specific host (in this case, relay.domain.net) - by using an MX record, but the relay machine doesn't recognize - itself as domain.net. Add domain.net to /etc/sendmail.cw - (if you are using FEATURE(use_cw_file)) or add "Cw domain.net" - to /etc/sendmail.cf. - </verb> - <p> - The sendmail FAQ is in <tt>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail</tt> - and is recommended reading if you want to do any - ``tweaking'' of your mail setup. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I use sendmail for mail delivery with UUCP?</heading> - - <p> - The sendmail configuration that ships with FreeBSD is - suited for sites that connect directly to the Internet. - Sites that wish to exchange their mail via UUCP must install - another sendmail configuration file. - - <p> - Tweaking <tt>/etc/sendmail.cf</tt> manually is considered - something for purists. Sendmail version 8 comes with a - new approach of generating config files via some <tt>m4</tt> - preprocessing, where the actual hand-crafted configuration - is on a higher abstraction level. You should use the - configuration files under - -<verb> - /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf -</verb> - - If you didn't install your system with full sources, - the sendmail config stuff has been - broken out into a separate source distribution tarball just - for you. Assuming you've got your CD-ROM mounted, do: - -<verb> - cd /usr/src - tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa -</verb> - - Don't panic, this is only a few hundred kilobytes in size. - The file <tt>README</tt> in the <tt>cf</tt> directory can - serve as a basic introduction to m4 configuration. - - <p> - For UUCP delivery, you are best advised to use the - <em>mailertable</em> feature. This constitutes a database - that sendmail can use to base its routing decision upon. - - <p> - First, you have to create your <tt>.mc</tt> file. The - directory <tt>/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf</tt> is the - home of these files. Look around, there are already a few - examples. Assuming you have named your file <tt>foo.mc</tt>, - all you need to do in order to convert it into a valid - <tt>sendmail.cf</tt> is: - -<verb> - cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf - make foo.cf - cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf -</verb> - - A typical <tt>.mc</tt> file might look like: - -<verb> - include(`../m4/cf.m4') - VERSIONID(`Your version number') - OSTYPE(bsd4.4) - - FEATURE(nodns) - FEATURE(nocanonify) - FEATURE(mailertable) - - define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) - define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) - - MAILER(local) - MAILER(smtp) - MAILER(uucp) - - Cw your.alias.host.name - Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP -</verb> - - The <em>nodns</em> and <em>nocanonify</em> features will - prevent any usage of the DNS during mail delivery. The - <em>UUCP_RELAY</em> clause is needed for bizarre reasons, - don't ask. Simply put an Internet hostname there that - is able to handle .UUCP pseudo-domain addresses; most likely, - you will enter the mail relay of your ISP there. - - <p> - Once you've got this, you need this file called - <tt>/etc/mailertable</tt>. A typical example of this - gender again: - -<verb> - # - # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable - # - horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus - .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus - interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus - .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 - horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus - if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus - . uucp-dom:sax -</verb> - - As you can see, this is part of a real-life file. The first - three lines handle special cases where domain-addressed mail - should not be sent out to the default route, but instead to - some UUCP neighbour in order to ``shortcut'' the delivery - path. The next line handles mail to the local Ethernet - domain that can be delivered using SMTP. Finally, the UUCP - neighbours are mentioned in the .UUCP pseudo-domain notation, - to allow for a ``uucp-neighbour!recipient'' override of the - default rules. The last line is always a single dot, matching - everything else, with UUCP delivery to a UUCP neighbour that - serves as your universal mail gateway to the world. All of - the node names behind the <tt>uucp-dom:</tt> keyword must - be valid UUCP neighbours, as you can verify using the - command <tt>uuname</tt>. - - <p> - As a reminder that this file needs to be converted into a - DBM database file before being usable, the command line to - accomplish this is best placed as a comment at the top of - the mailertable. You always have to execute this command - each time you change your mailertable. - - <p> - Final hint: if you are uncertain whether some particular - mail routing would work, remember the <tt>-bt</tt> option to - sendmail. It starts sendmail in <em>address test mode</em>; - simply enter ``0 '', followed by the address you wish to - test for the mail routing. The last line tells you the used - internal mail agent, the destination host this agent will be - called with, and the (possibly translated) address. Leave - this mode by typing Control-D. - -<verb> - j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt - ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) - Enter <ruleset> <address> - > 0 foo@interface-business.de - rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de - ... - rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ - < @ interface-business . de > - > ^D - j@uriah 192% -</verb> - - - </sect1> - - <sect1> - <heading>``Permission denied'' for all networking operations.</heading> - <p> - If you have compiled your kernel with the <tt/IPFIREWALL/ - option, you need to be aware that the default policy as of - 2.1.7R (this actually changed during 2.1-STABLE development) - is to deny all packets that are not explicitly allowed. - - <p> - If you had unintentionally misconfigured your system for - firewalling, you can restore network operability by typing - the following while logged in as root: - - <verb> - ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any - </verb> - - For further information on configuring a FreeBSD firewall, - see the <url url="../handbook/handbook.html" name="FreeBSD Handbook."> - - </sect1> - - <sect> - <heading>Serial Communications</heading> - <p> - This section answers common questions about serial communications - with FreeBSD. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports?</heading> - <p> - As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports - in your system for which the kernel was configured. You can - either watch your system closely for the messages it prints or - run the command - <verb> - dmesg | grep sio - </verb> - after your system's up and running. - - Here's some example output from the above command: - <verb> - sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa - sio0: type 16550A - sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa - sio1: type 16550A - </verb> - - This shows two serial ports. The first is on irq 4, is using - port address <tt/0x3f8/, and has a 16550A-type UART chip. The - second uses the same kind of chip but is on irq 3 and is at port - address <tt/0x2f8/. Internal modem cards are treated just like - serial ports---except that they always have a modem ``attached'' - to the port. - - The <tt/GENERIC/ kernel includes support for two serial ports - using the same irq and port address settings in the above - example. If these settings aren't right for your system, or if - you've added modem cards or have more serial ports than your - kernel is configured for, just reconfigure your kernel. See - section <ref id="make-kernel" name="about building a kernel"> for - more details. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my modem cards?</heading> - <p> - Please refer to the answer to the previous question. - - <sect1> - <heading>I just upgraded to 2.0.5 and my <tt/tty0X/ are missing!</heading> - <p> - Don't worry, they have been merged with the <tt/ttydX/ devices. - You'll have to change any old configuration files you have, though. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I access the serial ports on FreeBSD?</heading> - <p> - The third serial port, <tt/sio2/ (known as COM3 in DOS), is on - <tt>/dev/cuaa2</tt> for dial-out devices, and on - <tt>/dev/ttyd2</tt> for dial-in devices. What's the difference - between these two classes of devices? - - You use <tt/ttydX/ for dial-ins. When opening - <tt>/dev/ttydX</tt> in blocking mode, a process will wait for the - corresponding <tt/cuaaX/ device to become inactive, and then wait - for the carrier detect line to go active. When you open the - <tt/cuaaX/ device, it makes sure the serial port isn't already in - use by the <tt/ttydX/ device. If the port's available, it - ``steals'' it from the <tt/ttydX/ device. Also, the <tt/cuaXX/ - device doesn't care about carrier detect. With this scheme and - an auto-answer modem, you can have remote users log in and you - can still dialout with the same modem and the system will take - care of all the conflicts. - - <sect1> - <heading>How do I enable support for a multiport serial card?</heading> - <p> - Again, the section on kernel configuration provides information - about configuring your kernel. For a multiport serial card, - place an <tt/sio/ line for each serial port on the card in the - kernel configuration file. But place the irq and vector - specifiers on only one of the entries. All of the ports on the - card should share one irq. For consistency, use the last serial - port to specify the irq. Also, specify the - <tt/COM_MULTIPORT/ option. - - The following example is for an AST 4-port serial card on irq 7: - <verb> - options "COM_MULTIPORT" - device sio4 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty flags 0x781 - device sio5 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x781 - device sio6 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x781 - device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr - </verb> - The flags indicate that the master port has minor number 7 - (<tt/0x700/), diagnostics enabled during probe (<tt/0x080/), and - all the ports share an irq (<tt/0x001/). - - <sect1> - <heading>Can FreeBSD handle multiport serial cards sharing irqs?</heading> - <p> - Not yet. You'll have to use a different irq for each card. - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I set the default serial parameters for a port?</heading> - <p> - The <tt/ttydX/ (or <tt/cuaaX/) device is the regular device - you'll want to open for your applications. When a process opens - the device, it'll have a default set of terminal I/O settings. - You can see these settings with the command - <verb> - stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1 - </verb> - - When you change the settings to this device, the settings are in - effect until the device is closed. When it's reopened, it goes - back to the default set. To make changes to the default set, you - can open and adjust the settings of the ``initial state'' device. - For example, to turn on <tt/CLOCAL/ mode, 8 bits, and - <tt>XON/XOFF</tt> flow control by default for ttyd5, do: - <verb> - stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff - </verb> - - A good place to do this is in <tt>/etc/rc.serial</tt>. Now, an - application will have these settings by default when it opens - <tt/ttyd5/. It can still change these settings to its liking, - though. - - You can also prevent certain settings from being changed by an - application by making adjustments to the ``lock state'' device. - For example, to lock the speed of <tt/ttyd5/ to 57600 bps, do - <verb> - stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600 - </verb> - - Now, an application that opens <tt/ttyd5/ and tries to change the - speed of the port will be stuck with 57600 bps. - - Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state - devices writable only by <tt/root/. The <tt/MAKEDEV/ script does - <bf/NOT/ do this when it creates the device entries. - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I enable dialup logins on my modem?</heading> - <p> - So you want to become an Internet service provider, eh? First, - you'll need one or more modems that can auto-answer. Your modem - will need to assert carrier-detect when it detects a carrier and - not assert it all the time. It will need to hang up the phone - and reset itself when the data terminal ready (<tt/DTR/) line - goes from on to off. It should probably use <tt>RTS/CTS</tt> - flow control or no local flow control at all. Finally, it must - use a constant speed between the computer and itself, but (to be - nice to your callers) it should negotiate a speed between itself - and the remote modem. - - For many Hayes command-set--compatible modems, this command will - make these settings and store them in nonvolatile memory: - <verb> - AT &C1 &D3 &K3 &Q6 S0=1 &W - </verb> - See the section <ref id="direct-at" name="on sending AT - commands"> below for information on how to make these settings - without resorting to an MS-DOS terminal program. - - Next, make an entry in <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> for the modem. This - file lists all the ports on which the operating system will await - logins. Add a line that looks something like this: - <verb> - ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.57600" dialup on insecure - </verb> - This line indicates that the second serial port - (<tt>/dev/ttyd1</tt>) has a modem connected running at 57600 bps - and no parity (<tt/std.57600/, which comes from the file - <tt>/etc/gettytab</tt>). The terminal type for this port is - ``dialup.'' The port is ``on'' and is ``insecure''---meaning - root logins on the port aren't allowed. For dialin ports like - this one, use the <tt/ttydX/ entry. - - It's common practice to use ``dialup'' as the terminal type. - Many users set up in their .profile or .login files a prompt for - the actual terminal type if the starting type is dialup. The - example shows the port as insecure. To become root on this port, - you have to login as a regular user, then ``<tt/su/'' to - <tt/root/. If you use ``secure'' then <tt/root/ can login in - directly. - - After making modifications to <tt>/etc/ttys</tt>, you need to - send a hangup or <tt/HUP/ signal to the <tt/init/ process: - <verb> - kill -1 1 - </verb> - This forces the init process to reread <tt>/etc/ttys</tt>. The - init process will then start getty processes on all ``on'' ports. - You can find out if logins are available for your port by typing - <verb> - ps -ax | grep '[t]tyd1' - </verb> - - You should see something like: - <verb> - 747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1 - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I connect a dumb terminal to my FreeBSD box?</heading> - <p> - If you're using another computer as a terminal into your FreeBSD - system, get a null modem cable to go between the two serial - ports. If you're using an actual terminal, see its accompanying - instructions. - - Then, modify <tt>/etc/ttys</tt>, like above. For example, if - you're hooking up a WYSE-50 terminal to the fifth serial port, - use an entry like this: - <verb> - ttyd4 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wyse50 on secure - </verb> - This example shows that the port on <tt>/dev/ttyd4</tt> has a - wyse50 terminal connected at 38400 bps with no parity - (<tt/std.38400/ from <tt>/etc/gettytab</tt>) and <tt/root/ logins - are allowed (secure). - - <sect1> - <heading>Why can't I run <tt/tip/ or <tt/cu/?</heading> - <p> - On your system, the programs <tt/tip/ and <tt/cu/ are probably - executable only by <tt/uucp/ and group <tt/dialer/. You can use - the group <tt/dialer/ to control who has access to your modem or - remote systems. Just add yourself to group dialer. - - Alternatively, you can let everyone on your system run <tt/tip/ - and <tt/cu/ by typing: - <verb> - chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip - </verb> - You don't have to run this command for <tt/cu/, since <tt/cu/ is - just a hard link to <tt/tip/. - - <sect1> - <heading>My stock Hayes modem isn't supported---what can I do?</heading> - <p> - Actually, the man page for <tt/tip/ is out of date. There is a - generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use - ``<tt/at=hayes/'' in your <tt>/etc/remote</tt> file. - - The Hayes driver isn't smart enough to recognize some of the - advanced features of newer modems---messages like <tt/BUSY/, - <tt/NO DIALTONE/, or <tt/CONNECT 115200/ will just confuse it. - You should turn those messages off when you use <tt/tip/ (using - <tt/ATX0&W/). - - Also, the dial timeout for <tt/tip/ is 60 seconds. Your modem - should use something less, or else tip will think there's a - communication problem. Try <tt/ATS7=45&W/. - - Actually, as shipped <tt/tip/ doesn't yet support it fully. The - solution is to edit the file <tt/tipconf.h/ in the directory - <tt>/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip</tt> Obviously you need the source - distribution to do this. - - Edit the line ``<tt/#define HAYES 0/'' to ``<tt/#define HAYES - 1/''. Then ``<tt/make/'' and ``<tt/make install/''. Everything - works nicely after that. - - <sect1> - <heading>How am I expected to enter these AT commands?<label id="direct-at"></heading> - <p> - Make what's called a ``<tt/direct/'' entry in your - <tt>/etc/remote</tt> file. For example, if your modem's hooked - up to the first serial port, <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>, then put in the - following line: - <verb> - cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none - </verb> - Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br - capability. Then, type ``<tt/tip cuaa0/'' and you'll be - connected to your modem. - - If there is no <tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt> on your system, do this: - <verb> - cd /dev - MAKEDEV cuaa0 - </verb> - <p> - Or use cu as root with the following command: - <verb> - cu -l``line'' -s``speed'' - </verb> - with line being the serial port (e.g.<tt>/dev/cuaa0</tt>) - and speed being the speed (e.g.<tt>57600</tt>). - When you are done entering the AT commands hit <tt>~.</tt> to exit. - - <sect1> - <heading>The <tt/@/ sign for the pn capability doesn't work!</heading> - <p> - The <tt/@/ sign in the phone number capability tells tip to look in - <tt>/etc/phones</tt> for a phone number. But the <tt/@/ sign is - also a special character in capability files like - <tt>/etc/remote</tt>. Escape it with a backslash: - <verb> - pn=\@ - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I dial a phone number on the command line?</heading> - <p> - Put what's called a ``<tt/generic/'' entry in your - <tt>/etc/remote</tt> file. For example: - <verb> - tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - </verb> - - Then you can things like ``<tt/tip -115200 5551234/''. If you - prefer <tt/cu/ over <tt/tip/, use a generic cu entry: - <verb> - cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - </verb> - and type ``<tt/cu 5551234 -s 115200/''. - - <sect1> - <heading>Do I have to type in the bps rate every time I do that?</heading> - <p> - Put in an entry for <tt/tip1200/ or <tt/cu1200/, but go ahead and - use whatever bps rate is appropriate with the br - capability. <tt/tip/ thinks a good default is 1200 bps which is - why it looks for a ``<tt/tip1200/'' entry. You don't have to use - 1200 bps, though. - - <sect1> - <heading>I access a number of hosts through a terminal server.</heading> - <p> - Rather than waiting until you're connected and typing - ``<tt/CONNECT <host>/'' each time, use tip's <tt/cm/ - capability. For example, these entries in - <tt>/etc/remote</tt>: - <verb> - pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: - muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: - deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ - :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234: - </verb> - - will let you type ``<tt/tip pain/'' or ``<tt/tip muffin/'' to - connect to the hosts pain or muffin; and ``<tt/tip deep13/'' to - get to the terminal server. - - <sect1> - <heading>Can tip try more than one line for each site?</heading> - <p> - This is often a problem where a university has several modem lines - and several thousand students trying to use them... - <p> - Make an entry for your university in <tt>/etc/remote</tt> - and use <tt>\@</tt> for the <tt/pn/ capability: - <verb> - big-university:\ - :pn=\@:tc=dialout - dialout:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none: - </verb> - - Then, list the phone numbers for the university in - <tt>/etc/phones</tt>: - <verb> - big-university 5551111 - big-university 5551112 - big-university 5551113 - big-university 5551114 - </verb> - - <tt/tip/ will try each one in the listed order, then give up. If - you want to keep retrying, run <tt/tip/ in a while loop. - - <sect1> - <heading>Why do I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P once?</heading> - <p> - CTRL+P is the default ``force'' character, used to tell <tt/tip/ - that the next character is literal data. You can set the force - character to any other character with the <tt/~s/ escape, which - means ``set a variable.'' - - Type ``<tt/~sforce=<single-char>/'' followed by a newline. - <tt/<single-char>/ is any single character. If you leave - out <tt/<single-char>/, then the force character is the nul - character, which you can get by typing CTRL+2 or CTRL+SPACE. A - pretty good value for <tt/<single-char>/ is SHIFT+CTRL+6, - which I've seen only used on some terminal servers. - - You can have the force character be whatever you want by - specifying the following in your <tt>$HOME/.tiprc</tt> - file: - <verb> - force=<single-char> - </verb> - - <sect1> - <heading>Suddenly everything I type is in UPPER CASE??</heading> - <p> - You must've pressed CTRL+A, <tt/tip/'s ``raise character,'' - specially designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use - <tt/~s/ as above and set the variable ``raisechar'' to something - reasonable. In fact, you can set it to the same as the force - character, if you never expect to use either of these features. - - Here's a sample .tiprc file perfect for Emacs users who need to - type CTRL+2 and CTRL+A a lot: - <verb> - force=^^ - raisechar=^^ - </verb> - The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6. - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I do file transfers with <tt/tip/?</heading> - <p> - If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send and - receive files with <tt/~p/ (put) and <tt/~t/ (take). These - commands run ``<tt/cat/'' and ``<tt/echo/'' on the remote system - to accept and send files. The syntax is: - <verb> - ~p <local-file> [<remote-file>] - ~t <remote-file> [<local-file>] - </verb> - - There's no error checking, so you probably should use another - protocol, like zmodem. - - <sect1> - <heading>How can I run zmodem with <tt/tip/?</heading> - <p> - To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. - Then, type ``<tt/~C rz/'' to begin receiving them locally. - - To send files, start the receiving program on the remote end. - Then, type ``<tt/~C sz <files>/'' to send them to the - remote system. - - </sect> - - <sect> - <heading>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</heading> - - <p> - <verb> - If you see a problem with this FAQ, or wish to submit an entry, - please mail us at <FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG>. We appreciate your - feedback, and cannot make this a better FAQ without your help! - - - FreeBSD Core Team - </verb> - - <descrip> - <tag/Gary Clark II/ - FreeBSD Doc Team - <tag/Jordan Hubbard/ - Janitorial services (I don't do windows) - <tag/Doug White/ - Services above and beyond the call of duty on freebsd-questions - <tag/Joerg Wunsch/ - Services above and beyond the call of duty on Usenet - <tag/Garrett Wollman/ - Networking and formatting - <tag/Jim Lowe/ - Multicast information - <tag/Peter da Silva/ - FreeBSD FAQ typing machine slavey - <tag/The FreeBSD Team/ - Kvetching, moaning, submitting data - </descrip> - - And to any others we've forgotten, apologies and heartfelt thanks! - </article> diff --git a/share/doc/FAQ/Makefile b/share/doc/FAQ/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index c1781ee..0000000 --- a/share/doc/FAQ/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -# $Id$ - -DOC= FAQ -SRCS= FAQ.sgml - -.include <bsd.sgml.mk> diff --git a/share/doc/Makefile b/share/doc/Makefile index 746569d..993d1aa 100644 --- a/share/doc/Makefile +++ b/share/doc/Makefile @@ -1,23 +1,7 @@ # From: @(#)Makefile 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 -# $Id$ +# $Id: Makefile,v 1.12 1997/02/22 12:57:48 peter Exp $ -SUBDIR= FAQ handbook psd smm usd papers - -# List of all language-specific subdirs. -LANGSUBDIR= ja_JP.EUC - -# If ALLLANG is defined, descend to all language-specific subdirs too. -# If ALLLANG is not defined, but LANG is defined and a subdirectory with -# that name exists, descend to that directory too. -# In either case, the default subdirectories are always traversed. - -.if defined(ALLLANG) -SUBDIR+= ${LANGSUBDIR} -.elif defined(LANG) -.if exists(${.CURDIR}/${LANG}) -SUBDIR+= ${LANG} -.endif -.endif +SUBDIR= psd smm usd papers # Default output formats are ascii for troff documents, and # ascii and html for sgml documents. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/Makefile b/share/doc/handbook/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 0cce683..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# $Id: Makefile,v 1.25 1997/05/02 02:20:25 ache Exp $ - -SGMLOPTS=-links -SRCS= authors.sgml basics.sgml bibliography.sgml boothelp.sgml -SRCS+= booting.sgml contrib.sgml crypt.sgml ctm.sgml current.sgml cvsup.sgml -SRCS+= cyclades.sgml development.sgml dialup.sgml dialout.sgml -SRCS+= diskless.sgml dma.sgml eresources.sgml esdi.sgml -SRCS+= firewalls.sgml glossary.sgml goals.sgml -SRCS+= handbook.sgml history.sgml hw.sgml install.sgml isdn.sgml -SRCS+= kerberos.sgml kernelconfig.sgml kerneldebug.sgml kernelopts.sgml -SRCS+= lists.sgml mail.sgml memoryuse.sgml -SRCS+= mirrors.sgml nfs.sgml nutshell.sgml pgpkeys.sgml policies.sgml -SRCS+= porting.sgml ports.sgml ppp.sgml printing.sgml -SRCS+= quotas.sgml relnotes.sgml routing.sgml russian.sgml -SRCS+= serial.sgml scsi.sgml sections.sgml sio.sgml skey.sgml slipc.sgml -SRCS+= slips.sgml stable.sgml submitters.sgml sup.sgml synching.sgml -SRCS+= term.sgml userppp.sgml uart.sgml linuxemu.sgml - -.include <bsd.sgml.mk> diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/authors.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/authors.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 45377bf..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/authors.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,489 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: authors.sgml,v 1.68 1997/05/19 15:54:36 joerg Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> - -<!-- -Names and email address of contributing authors and CVS committers. -Use these entities when referencing people. 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Chernov - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:ache@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<ache@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.adam "Adam David - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:adam@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<adam@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.alex "Alex Nash - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:alex@freebsd.org' - name='<alex@freebsd.org>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.amurai "Atsushi Murai - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:amurai@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<amurai@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.andreas "Andreas Klemm - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:andreas@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<andreas@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.asami "Satoshi Asami - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:asami@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<asami@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.ats "Andreas Schulz - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:ats@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<ats@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.awebster "Andrew Webster - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:awebster@pubnix.net' - name='<awebster@pubnix.net>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.bde "Bruce Evans - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:bde@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<bde@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.brian "Brian Somers - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:brian@awfulhak.org' - name='<brian@awfulhak.org>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.cawimm "Charles A. 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Gibbs - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:gibbs@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<gibbs@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.gj "Gary Jennejohn - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:gj@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<gj@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.gpalmer "Gary Palmer - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:gpalmer@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<gpalmer@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.graichen "Thomas Graichen - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:graichen@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<graichen@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.gryphon "Coranth Gryphon - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:gryphon@healer.com' - name='<gryphon@healer.com>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.guido "Guido van Rooij - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:guido@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<guido@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.hanai "Hiroyuki HANAI - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:hanai@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<hanai@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.handy "Brian N. Handy - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:handy@sxt4.physics.montana.edu' - name='<handy@sxt4.physics.montana.edu>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.hm "Hellmuth Michaelis - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:hm@kts.org' - name='<hm@kts.org>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.hsu "Jeffrey Hsu - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:hsu@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<hsu@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.imp "Warner Losh - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:imp@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<imp@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jb "John Birrell - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jb@cimlogic.com.au' - name='<jb@cimlogic.com.au>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jdp "John Polstra - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jdp@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<jdp@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jehamby "Jake Hamby - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jehamby@lightside.com' - name='<jehamby@lightside.com>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jfieber "John Fieber - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jfieber@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<jfieber@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jfitz "James FitzGibbon - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:james@nexis.net' - name='<james@nexis.net>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jgreco "Joe Greco - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jgreco@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<jgreco@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jhay "John Hay - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jhay@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<jhay@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jkh "Jordan K. Hubbard - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jkh@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<jkh@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jlind "John Lind - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:john@starfire.MN.ORG' - name='<john@starfire.MN.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jlrobin "James L. Robinson - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jlrobin@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<jlrobin@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jmacd "Joshua Peck Macdonald - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:jmacd@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<jmacd@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.jmb "Jonathan M. 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Fournier - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:scrappy@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<scrappy@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.se "Stefan Esser - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:se@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<se@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.sef "Sean Eric Fagan - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:sef@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<sef@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.smace "Scott Mace - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:smace@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<smace@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.smpatel "Sujal Patel - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:smpatel@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<smpatel@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.sos "Søren Schmidt - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:sos@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<sos@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.stark "Gene Stark - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:stark@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<stark@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.stb "Stefan Bethke - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:stb@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<stb@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.steve "Steve Price - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:steve@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<steve@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.swallace "Steven Wallace - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:swallace@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<swallace@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.tedm "Ted Mittelstaedt - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:tedm@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<tedm@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.tegge "Tor Egge - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:tegge@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<tegge@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.tg "Thomas Gellekum - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:tg@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<tg@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.torstenb "Torsten Blum - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:torstenb@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<torstenb@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.ugen "Ugen J.S.Antsilevich - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:ugen@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<ugen@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.uhclem "Frank Durda IV - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:uhclem@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<uhclem@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.ulf "Ulf Zimmermann - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:ulf@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<ulf@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.whiteside "Don Whiteside - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:whiteside@acm.org' - name='<whiteside@acm.org>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.wilko "Wilko Bulte - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:wilko@yedi.iaf.nl' - name='<wilko@yedi.iaf.nl>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.wlloyd "Bill Lloyd - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:wlloyd@mpd.ca' - name='<wlloyd@mpd.ca>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.wollman "Garrett Wollman - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:wollman@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<wollman@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.wosch "Wolfram Schneider - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:wosch@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.wpaul "Bill Paul - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:wpaul@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<wpaul@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> - -<!ENTITY a.yokota "Kazutaka YOKOTA - <tt><htmlurl url='mailto:yokota@FreeBSD.ORG' - name='<yokota@FreeBSD.ORG>'></tt>"> diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/basics.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/basics.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index d7cf497..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/basics.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,96 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id$ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> - -<chapt><heading>Unix Basics<label id="basics"></heading> - - <sect> - <heading>The online manual<label id="basics:man"></heading> - - <p>The most comprehensive documentation on FreeBSD is in - the form of <em>man pages</em>. Nearly every program - on the system comes with a short reference manual - explaining the basic operation and various arguments. - These manuals can be view with the - <tt><bf>man</bf></tt> command. Use of the - <tt><bf>man</bf></tt> command is simple: - <tscreen> - <bf>man</bf> <it>command</it> - </tscreen> - where <it>command</it> is the name of the command - you wish to learn about. For example, to learn more about - <tt><bf>ls</bf></tt> command type: - <tscreen> - % <bf>man ls</bf> - </tscreen> - - <p>The online manual is divided up into numbered - sections: - <enum> - <item>User commands</item> - <item>System calls and error numbers</item> - <item>Functions in the C libraries</item> - <item>Device drivers</item> - <item>File formats</item> - <item>Games and other diversions</item> - <item>Miscellaneous information</item> - <item>System maintenance and operation commands</item> - </enum> - in some cases, the same topic may appear in more than - one section of the on-line manual. For example, there - is a <tt><bf>chmod</bf></tt> user command and a - <tt><bf>chmod()</bf></tt> system call. In this case, - you can tell the <tt><bf>man</bf></tt> command which - one you want by specifying the section: - <tscreen> - % <bf>man 1 chmod</bf> - </tscreen> - which will display the manual page for the user command - <tt><bf>chmod</bf></tt>. References to a particular - section of the on-line manual are traditionally placed - in parenthesis in written documentation, so - <tt><bf>chmod(1)</bf></tt> refers to the <tt><bf>chmod - </bf></tt> user command and <tt><bf>chmod(2)</bf></tt> - refers to the system call. - - <p>This is fine if you know the name of the command and - simply wish to know how to use it, but what if you cannot recall the - command name? You can use <tt><bf>man</bf></tt> to - search for keywords in the command <em>descriptions</em> by - using the <tt><bf>-k</bf></tt> switch: - <tscreen> - % <bf>man -k mail</bf> - </tscreen> - With this command you will be presented with a list of - commands that have the keyword `mail' in their - descriptions. This is actually functionally equivalent to - using the <tt><bf>apropos</bf></tt> command. - - <p>So, you are looking at all those fancy commands in <tt> - /usr/bin</tt> but do not even have the faintest idea - what most of them actually do? Simply do a - <tscreen> - % <bf>cd /usr/bin; man -f *</bf> - </tscreen> - or - <tscreen> - % <bf>cd /usr/bin; whatis *</bf> - </tscreen> - which does the same thing. - - <sect> - <heading>GNU Info files<label id="basics:info"></heading> - - <p>FreeBSD includes many applications and utilities - produced by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). In - addition to man pages, these programs come with more - extensive hypertext documents called <em>info</em> - files which can be viewed with the <tt>info</tt> - command or, if you installed <tt>emacs</tt>, the info - mode of <tt>emacs</tt>. - - To use the <tt>info(1)</tt> command, simply type: - <tscreen>% <bf>info</bf></tscreen> For a brief - introduction, type <tt><bf>h</bf></tt>. For a quick - command reference, type <tt><bf>?</bf></tt>. - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/bibliography.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/bibliography.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 9ffe676..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/bibliography.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,334 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: bibliography.sgml,v 1.25 1997/03/19 07:59:19 obrien Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> - - <chapt> - <heading>Bibliography<label id="bibliography"></heading> - - <p>While the manual pages provide the definitive reference - for individual pieces of the FreeBSD operating system, - they are notorious for not illustrating how to put the - pieces together to make the whole operating system run - smoothly. For this, there is no substitute for a good - book on UNIX system administration and a good users' - manual. - - <sect> - <heading>Books & magazines specific to FreeBSD</heading> - - <p><bf>International books & Magazines:</bf> - - <p><itemize> - <item><htmlurl url="http://freebsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/~jdli/book.html" - name="Using FreeBSD"> (in Chinese). - <item>FreeBSD for PC 98'ers (in Japanese), published by SHUWA - System Co, LTD. ISBN4-87966-468-5 C3055 P2900E. - <item>FreeBSD (in Japanese), published by CUTT. - ISBN4-906391-22-2 C3055 P2400E. - </itemize> - - <p><bf>English language books & Magazines:</bf> - - <p><itemize> - <item><htmlurl url="http://www.cdrom.com/titles/os/bsdbook2.htm" - name="The Complete FreeBSD">, published by <htmlurl - url="http://www.cdrom.com" name="Walnut Creek CDROM">. - </itemize> - - <sect> - <heading>Users' guides</heading> - - <p><itemize> - <item>Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - <sl>4.4BSD User's Reference Manual</sl>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-075-9</item> - - <item>Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - <sl>4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents</sl>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-076-7</item> - - <item><sl>UNIX in a Nutshell</sl>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1990. - <newline>ISBN 093717520X</item> - - <item>Mui, Linda. - <em>What You Need To Know When You Can't Find Your UNIX - System Administrator</em>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-104-6 </item> - - <item><htmlurl url="http://www-wks.acs.ohio-state.edu/" - name="Ohio State University"> has written - a <htmlurl - url="http://www-wks.acs.ohio-state.edu/unix_course/unix.html" - name="UNIX Introductory Course"> which is available online - in HTML and postscript format.</item> - </itemize> - - <sect> - <heading>Administrators' guides</heading> - - <p><itemize> - - <item>Albitz, Paul and Liu, Cricket. <em>DNS and - BIND</em>, 2nd Ed. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1997. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-236-0 </item> - - <item>Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - <sl>4.4BSD System Manager's Manual</sl>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-080-5</item> - - <item>Costales, Brian, et al. - <em>Sendmail</em>, 2nd Ed. O'Reilly & - Associates, Inc., 1997. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-222-0 </item> - - <item>Frisch, Æleen. <em>Essential System - Administration</em>, 2nd Ed. O'Reilly & - Associates, Inc., 1995. <newline>ISBN 1-56592-127-5 </item> - - <item>Hunt, Craig. <em>TCP/IP Network Administration</em>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1992. - <newline>ISBN 0-937175-82-X</item> - - <item>Nemeth, Evi. <em>UNIX System Administration - Handbook</em>. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 1995. - <newline>ISBN 0131510517</item> - - <item>Stern, Hal <em>Managing NFS and NIS</em> - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1991. - <newline>ISBN 1-937175-75-7 </item> - - </itemize> - - - - <sect> - <heading>Programmers' guides</heading> - - <p><itemize> - - <item>Asente, Paul. <em>X Window System - Toolkit</em>. Digital Press. - <newline>ISBN 1-55558-051-3</item> - - <item>Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - <sl>4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual</sl>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-078-3</item> - - <item>Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - <sl>4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents</sl>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-079-1</item> - - <item>Ellis, Margaret A. and Stroustrup, - Bjarne. <em>The Annotated C++ Reference - Manual</em>. Addison-Wesley, 1990. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-51459-1</item> - - <item>Harbison, Samuel P. and Steele, Guy - L. Jr. <em>C: A Reference Manual</em>. 4rd ed. Prentice - Hall, 1995. <newline>ISBN 0-13-326224-3</item> - - <item>Kernighan, Brian and Dennis M. Ritchie. - <em>The C Programming Language.</em>. - PTR Prentice Hall, 1988. - <newline>ISBN 0-13-110362-9</item> - - <item>Lehey, Greg. - <em>Port UNIX Software</em>. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-126-7</item> - - <item>Plauger, P. J. <em>The Standard C - Library</em>. Prentice Hall, 1992. - <newline>ISBN 0-13-131509-9</item> - - <item>Stevens, W. Richard. <em>Advanced - Programming in the UNIX Environment</em>. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1992 - <newline>ISBN 0-201-56317-7</item> - - <item>Stevens, W. Richard. <em>UNIX Network - Programming</em>. PTR Prentice Hall, 1990. - <newline>ISBN 0-13-949876-1</item> - - <item>Wells, Bill. "Writing Serial Drivers for UNIX". - <em>Dr. Dobb's Journal</em>. 19(15), December - 1994. pp68-71, 97-99.</item> - - </itemize> - - <sect> - <heading>Operating System Internals</heading> - - <p><itemize> - - <item>Andleigh, Prabhat K. <em>UNIX System Architecture</em>. - Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990. - <newline>ISBN 0-13-949843-5</item> - - <item>Jolitz, William. "Porting UNIX to the - 386". <em>Dr. Dobb's Journal</em>. January - 1991-July 1992.</item> - - <item>Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, - Michael J Karels and John Quarterman <em>The Design and - Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating - System</em>. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1989. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-06196-1</item> - - <item>Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, - <em>The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD - UNIX Operating System: Answer Book</em>. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1991. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-54629-9</item> - - <item>McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, - and John Quarterman. <em>The Design and - Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating - System</em>. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-54979-4</item> - - <item>Stevens, W. Richard. <em>TCP/IP Illustrated, - Volume 1: The Protocols</em>. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-63346-9</item> - - <item>Stevens, W. Richard. <em>TCP/IP Illustrated, - Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP - and the UNIX Domain Protocols</em>. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-63495-3</item> - - <item>Vahalia, Uresh. <em>UNIX Internals -- The New Frontiers</em>. - Prentice Hall, 1996. - <newline>ISBN 0-13-101908-2</item> - - <item>Wright, Gary R. and W. Richard Stevens. - <em>TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: - The Implementation</em>. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1995. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-63354-X</item> - - </itemize> - - - <sect> - <heading>Security reference</heading> - - <p><itemize> - - <item>Cheswick, William R. and Steven M. Bellovin. - <em>Firewalls and Internal Security: - Repelling the Wily Hacker</em>. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1995. - <newline>ISBN 1-201-63357-4 </item> - - <item>Garfinkel, Simson and Gene Spafford. - <em>Practical UNIX Security</em>. 2nd Ed. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1996. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-148-8 </item> - - <item>Garfinkel, Simson. - <em>PGP Pretty Good Privacy</em> - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. - <newline>ISBN 1-56592-098-8 </item> - - </itemize> - - <sect> - <heading>Hardware reference</heading> - - <p><itemize> - - <item>Anderson, Don and Tom Shanley. - <em>Pentium Processor System Architecture</em>. - 2nd ed. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1995. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-40992-5</item> - - <item>Ferraro, Richard F. <em>Programmer's Guide - to the EGA, VGA, and Super VGA Cards</em>. - 3rd ed. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1995. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-62490-7</item> - - <item>Shanley, Tom. <em>80486 System - Architecture</em>. 3rd ed. Reading, Mass. : - Addison-Wesley, 1995. <newline>ISBN - 0-201-40994-1</item> - - <item>Shanley, Tom. <em>ISA System - Architecture</em>. 3rd ed. Reading, Mass. : - Addison-Wesley, 1995. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-40996-8</item> - - <item>Shanley, Tom. <em>PCI System - Architecture</em>. 3rd ed. Reading, Mass. : - Addison-Wesley, 1995. <newline>ISBN - 0-201-40993-3</item> - - <item>Van Gilluwe, Frank. <em>The Undocumented PC</em>. - Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1994. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-62277-7</item> - - </itemize> - - <sect> - <heading>UNIX history</heading> - - <p><itemize> - - <item>Lion, John <em>Lion's Commentary on UNIX, 6th Ed. - With Source Code</em>. - ITP Media Group, 1996. - <newline>ISBN 1573980137</item> - - <item>Raymond, Eric s. <em>The New Hacker's Dictonary, - 3rd edition</em>. MIT Press, 1996. - <newline>ISBN 0-262-68092-0 - <newline>Also known as the - <htmlurl url="http://www.ccil.org/jargon/jargon.html" - name="Jargon File"></item> - - <item>Salus, Peter H. <em>A quarter century of UNIX</em>. - Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1994. - <newline>ISBN 0-201-54777-5</item> - - <item>Simon Garfinkel, Daniel Weise, Steven Strassmann. - <em>The UNIX-HATERS Handbook</em>. - IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 1994. - <newline>ISBN 1-56884-203-1</item> - - <item>Don Libes, Sandy Ressler <em>Life with UNIX</em> - special - edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1989. - <newline>ISBN 0-13-536657-7</item> - - <item><em>The BSD family tree</em>. 1997. - <newline> - <htmlurl url="http://www.de.freebsd.org/de/ftp/unix-stammbaum" - name="http://www.de.freebsd.org/de/ftp/unix-stammbaum"> - or <url url="file:/usr/share/misc/bsd-family-tree" - name="local"> on a FreeBSD-current machine. - </item> - - </itemize> - - <sect> - <heading>Magazines and journals</heading> - - <p><itemize> - - <item><em>The C/C++ Users Journal</em>. R&D Publications - Inc. ISSN 1075-2838</item> - - <item><em>Sys Admin - The Journal for UNIX System - Administrators</em> Miller Freeman, Inc., ISSN 1061-2688</item> - - </itemize> - - </sect> - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/boothelp.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/boothelp.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index c10c536..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/boothelp.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id$ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project --> - -<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN" [ - -<!-- Conditional flags for this version of the document --> -<!ENTITY % boothelp.only "INCLUDE"> -<!ENTITY % handbook.only "IGNORE"> - -<!-- Entity shorthand for authors' names and email addresses --> -<!ENTITY % authors SYSTEM "authors.sgml"> -%authors; - -<!-- Entity definitions for all the parts --> -<!ENTITY % sections SYSTEM "sections.sgml"> -%sections; - -]> - -<linuxdoc> - <book> - - <title>FreeBSD Installation - <author> - <name></name> - </author> - - <abstract>Welcome to FreeBSD! This guide describes the - FreeBSD installation process. To navigate through the - sections in this guide using the <bf>up</bf> and - <bf>down</bf> arrow keys to select the section you wish to - read. Then use the <bf>right arrow</bf> or the <bf>enter - key</bf> to view the section. You can backtrack through - sections you have read by using the <bf>left arrow</bf>. - </abstract> - - <chapt><heading>General information</heading> - &nutshell; - &history; - &relnotes; - - &install; - &troubleshooting; - &bibliography; - &eresources; - &hw; - &contrib; - - </book> -</linuxdoc> diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/booting.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/booting.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index ff34296..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/booting.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@ -<!-- This is a SGML version of the text on FreeBSD boot procedures - made by Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@FreeBSD.ORG> - - This conversion has been made by Ollivier Robert. - - $Id$ - - -<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN"> - - <article> - - <title>Boot overview - Poul-Henning Kamp, - v1.1, April 26th - - Booting FreeBSD is essentially a three step: Load the kernel, - determine the root filesystem and initialize user-land things. This - leads to some interesting possibilities as shown below... - - - ---> - - The FreeBSD Booting Process - -

Contributed by &a.phk;. v1.1, April 26th. - - Booting FreeBSD is essentially a three step: Load the kernel, - determine the root filesystem and initialize user-land things. This - leads to some interesting possibilities shown below. - - Loading a kernel -

- We presently have three basic mechanisms for loading the - kernel as described below: - They all pass some - information to the kernel to help the kernel decide what to do - next. - - - Biosboot - - Biosboot is our ``bootblocks'', it consists of two files, which - will be installed in the first 8Kbytes of the floppy or hard-disk - slice to be booted from. - - Biosboot can load a kernel from a FreeBSD filesystem. - - Dosboot - - Dosboot was written by DI. Christian Gusenbauer, and is - unfortunately at this time one of the few pieces of code that - will not compile under FreeBSD itself because it is written for - Microsoft compilers. - - Dosboot will boot the kernel from a MS-DOS file or from a FreeBSD - filesystem partition on the disk. It attempts to negotiate with - the various and strange kinds of memory manglers that lurk in - high memory on MS/DOS systems and usually wins them for its - case. - - Netboot - - Netboot will try to find a supported Ethernet card, and use - BOOTP, TFTP and NFS to find a kernel file to boot. - - - - Determine the root filesystem -

- Once the kernel is loaded and the boot-code jumps to it, the kernel - will initialize itself, trying to determine what hardware is - present and so on, and then it needs to find a root filesystem. - - Presently we support the following types of root filesystems: - - - UFS - - This is the most normal type of root filesystem. It can reside on - a floppy or on hard disk. - - MSDOS - - While this is technically possible, it is not particular useful, - because of ``FAT'' filesystems inability to make links, device - nodes and such ``UNIXisms''. - - MFS - - This is actually a UFS filesystem which has been compiled into - the kernel. That means that the kernel does not really need any - disks/floppies or other HW to function. - - CD9660 - - This is for using a CD-ROM as root filesystem. - - NFS - - This is for using a fileserver as root filesystem, basically - making it a diskless machine. - - - - Initialize user-land things -

- To get the user-land going, when the kernel has finished - initialization, it will create a process with ``/sbin/init''. - - You can substitute any program for /sbin/init, as long as you keep - in mind that: - - there is no stdin/out/err unless you open it yourself, if you exit, - the machine panics, signal handling is special for ``/stand/sysinstall'' - program on the installation floppy. - - - Interesting combinations -

- Boot a kernel with a MFS in it with a special /sbin/init - which... - - - mounts your /C: - Attaches C:/freebsd.fs on /dev/vn0 - mounts /dev/vn0 as /rootfs - makes symlinks - /rootfs/bin -> /bin - /rootfs/etc -> /etc - /rootfs/sbin -> /sbin - (etc...) - - - Now you run FreeBSD without repartitioning your hard disk... - - server:˜you/FreeBSD as - /nfs, chroots to /nfs and executes - /sbin/init there - - Now you run FreeBSD diskless, even though you do not control - the NFS server... - - /dev/rwd0 and writes it to a remote tape - station or fileserver. - - Now you finally got that backup you should have made a year - ago... - - E -- Acts as a firewall/web-server/what do I know... - - This is particular interesting since you can boot from a write- - protected floppy, but still write to your root filesystem... - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/contrib.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/contrib.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index ad67152..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/contrib.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,502 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -FreeBSD Project Staff - -

The FreeBSD Project is managed and operated by the following -groups of people: - - The FreeBSD core team - -

The FreeBSD core team constitutes the project's ``Board of Directors'', - responsible for deciding the project's overall goals and direction - as well as managing of - the FreeBSD project landscape. - -

(in alphabetical order by last name): - - - &a.asami; - &a.jmb; - &a.ache; - &a.dyson; - &a.bde; - &a.gibbs; - &a.davidg; - &a.jkh; - &a.phk; - &a.rich; - &a.gpalmer; - &a.jdp; - &a.guido; - &a.sos; - &a.peter; - &a.wollman; - &a.joerg; - - - The FreeBSD Developers - -

These are the people who have commit privileges and do the engineering - work on the FreeBSD source tree. All core team members and most - FreeBSD Documentation project personnel are also developers. - - - &a.mbarkah; - &a.stb; - &a.jb; - &a.torstenb; - &a.danny; - &a.charnier; - &a.kjc; - &a.gclarkii; - &a.cracauer; - &a.adam; - &a.dufault; - &a.uhclem; - &a.tegge; - &a.eivind; - &a.sef; - &a.julian; - &a.se; - &a.fenner; - &a.jfieber; - &a.jfitz; - &a.lars; - &a.scrappy; - &a.tg; - &a.graichen; - &a.jgreco; - &a.rgrimes; - &a.jmg; - &a.jhay; - &a.hsu; - &a.ugen; - &a.gj; - &a.nsj; - &a.ljo; - &a.darrenr; - &a.kato; - &a.andreas; - &a.erich; - &a.imp; - &a.smace; - &a.mckay; - &a.tedm; - &a.amurai; - &a.markm; - &a.max; - &a.alex; - &a.davidn; - &a.obrien; - &a.fsmp; - &a.smpatel; - &a.wpaul; - &a.jmacd; - &a.steve; - &a.mpp; - &a.dfr; - &a.jraynard; - &a.csgr; - &a.martin; - &a.paul; - &a.roberto; - &a.chuckr; - &a.dima; - &a.wosch; - &a.ats; - &a.msmith; - &a.brian; - &a.stark; - &a.karl; - &a.pst; - &a.swallace; - &a.nate; - &a.yokota; - &a.jmz; - &a.hanai; - - - The FreeBSD Documentation Project - -

The is responsible for a number of different services, each - service being run by an individual and his deputies (if any): - -

- Deputy: &a.paul - Deputy: &a.dave - Deputy: &a.john - Deputy: &a.john; - Deputy: &a.cawimm - Deputy: &a.opsys - Deputy: &a.cracauer - Deputy: &a.stb - - - Who is responsible for what - -

- - - -FreeBSD contributor list - - Derived software contributors - -

This software was originally derived from William - F. Jolitz's 386BSD release 0.1, though almost none of the - original 386BSD specific code remains. This software has - been essentially re-implemented from the 4.4BSD-Lite - release provided by the Computer Science Research Group - (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley and - associated academic contributors. - - There are also portions of NetBSD that have been integrated - into FreeBSD as well, and we would therefore like to thank - all the contributors to NetBSD for their work. Despite - some occasionally rocky moments in relations between the - two groups, we both want essentially the same thing: More - BSD based operating systems on people's computers! We wish - the NetBSD group every success in their endeavors. - - Additional FreeBSD contributors - -

(in alphabetical order by first name): - - - A JOSEPH KOSHY <koshy@india.hp.com> - ABURAYA Ryushirou <pcs51674@asciinet.or.jp> - Adam Glass <glass@postgres.berkeley.edu> - Adrian T. Filipi-Martin <atf3r@agate.cs.virginia.edu> - Akito Fujita <fujita@zoo.ncl.omron.co.jp> - Alain Kalker <A.C.P.M.Kalker@student.utwente.nl> - Alan Cox <alc@cs.rice.edu> - Andreas Kohout <shanee@rabbit.augusta.de> - Andreas Lohr <andreas@marvin.RoBIN.de> - Andrew Gordon <andrew.gordon@net-tel.co.uk> - Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au> - Andrew McRae <amcrae@cisco.com> - Andrew Moore <alm@FreeBSD.org> - Andrew Stevenson <andrew@ugh.net.au> - Andrew V. Stesin <stesin@elvisti.kiev.ua> - Andrey Zakhvatov <andy@cgu.chel.su> - Andy Whitcroft <andy@sarc.city.ac.uk> - Anthony Yee-Hang Chan <yeehang@netcom.com> - Brent J. Nordquist <bjn@visi.com> - Bernd Rosauer <br@schiele-ct.de> - Bill Kish <kish@osf.org> - &a.wlloyd - Bob Wilcox <bob@obiwan.uucp> - Boyd Faulkner <faulkner@mpd.tandem.com> - Brent J. Nordquist <bjn@visi.com> - Brian Clapper <bmc@willscreek.com> - Brian Handy <handy@lambic.space.lockheed.com> - Brian Tao <taob@risc.org> - Carey Jones <mcj@acquiesce.org> - Charles Hannum <mycroft@ai.mit.edu> - Charles Mott <cmott@srv.net> - Chet Ramey <chet@odin.INS.CWRU.Edu> - Chris Dabrowski < chris@vader.org> - Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu> - Chris Stenton <jacs@gnome.co.uk> - Chris Timmons <skynyrd@opus.cts.cwu.edu> - Chris Torek <torek@ee.lbl.gov> - Christian Gusenbauer <cg@fimp01.fim.uni-linz.ac.at> - Christian Haury <Christian.Haury@sagem.fr> - Christoph Robitschko <chmr@edvz.tu-graz.ac.at> - Choi Jun Ho <junker@jazz.snu.ac.kr> - Chuck Hein <chein@cisco.com> - Conrad Sabatier <conrads@neosoft.com> - Cornelis van der Laan <nils@guru.ims.uni-stuttgart.de> - Craig Struble <cstruble@vt.edu> - Cristian Ferretti <cfs@riemann.mat.puc.cl> - Curt Mayer <curt@toad.com> - Dan Cross <tenser@spitfire.ecsel.psu.edu> - Daniel Baker <dbaker@crash.ops.neosoft.com> - Daniel M. Eischen <deischen@iworks.InterWorks.org> - Danny J. Zerkel <dzerkel@feephi.phofarm.com> - Dave Bodenstab <imdave@synet.net> - Dave Burgess <burgess@hrd769.brooks.af.mil> - Dave Chapeskie <dchapes@zeus.leitch.com> - Dave Edmondson <davided@sco.com> - Dave Rivers <rivers@ponds.uucp> - David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.OZ.AU> - David Leonard <d@scry.dstc.edu.au> - Dean Huxley <dean@fsa.ca> - Dirk Froemberg <dirk@hal.in-berlin.de> - Dmitrij Tejblum <dima@tejblum.dnttm.rssi.ru> - Dmitry Kohmanyuk <dk@farm.org> - &a.whiteside; - Don Yuniskis <dgy@rtd.com> - Donald Burr <d_burr@ix.netcom.com> - Doug Ambrisko <ambrisko@ambrisko.roble.com> - Eric Blood <eblood@cs.unr.edu> - Frank Bartels <knarf@camelot.de> - Frank Maclachlan <fpm@crash.cts.com> - Frank Nobis <fn@trinity.radio-do.de> - FURUSAWA Kazuhisa <furusawa@com.cs.osakafu-u.ac.jp> - Gary A. Browning <gab10@griffcd.amdahl.com> - Greg Ungerer <gerg@stallion.oz.au> - Harlan Stenn <Harlan.Stenn@pfcs.com> - Havard Eidnes <Havard.Eidnes@runit.sintef.no> - Hideaki Ohmon <ohmon@tom.sfc.keio.ac.jp> - Hidekazu Kuroki <hidekazu@cs.titech.ac.jp> - Hidetoshi Shimokawa <simokawa@sat.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp> - Holger Veit <Holger.Veit@gmd.de> - Hung-Chi Chu <hcchu@r350.ee.ntu.edu.tw> - Igor Vinokurov <igor@zynaps.ru> - Ikuo Nakagawa <ikuo@isl.intec.co.jp> - IMAMURA Tomoaki <tomoak-i@is.aist-nara.ac.jp> - Ishii Masahiro <?> - Itsuro Saito <saito@miv.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp> - J. David Lowe <lowe@saturn5.com> - J.T. Conklin <jtc@cygnus.com> - James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> - James da Silva <jds@cs.umd.edu> et al - Janusz Kokot <janek@gaja.ipan.lublin.pl> - Jason Thorpe <thorpej@nas.nasa.gov> - Javier Martin Rueda <jmrueda@diatel.upm.es> - Jeffrey Wheat <jeff@cetlink.net> - Jian-Da Li <jdli@csie.NCTU.edu.tw> - Jim Lowe <james@cs.uwm.edu> - Jim Wilson <wilson@moria.cygnus.com> - Johann Tonsing <jtonsing@mikom.csir.co.za> - Joel Sutton <suttonj@interconnect.com.au> - John Capo <jc@irbs.com> - John Perry <perry@vishnu.alias.net> - Juergen Lock <nox@jelal.hb.north.de> - Juha Inkari <inkari@cc.hut.fi> - Julian Assange <proff@suburbia.net> - Julian Jenkins <kaveman@magna.com.au> - Julian Stacey <jhs@freebsd.org> - Jun-ichiro Itoh <itojun@csl.sony.co.jp> - Justin M. Seger <jseger@scds.ziplink.net> - Kazuhiko Kiriyama <kiri@kiri.toba-cmt.ac.jp> - Kazutaka YOKOTA <yokota@zodiac.mech.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp> - Keith Bostic <bostic@bostic.com> - Keith Moore <?> - Kenneth Monville <desmo@bandwidth.org> - Kent Vander Velden <graphix@iastate.edu> - Kirk McKusick <mckusick@mckusick.com> - Kiroh HARADA <kiroh@kh.rim.or.jp> - Koichi Sato <copan@ppp.fastnet.or.jp> - Kostya Lukin <lukin@okbmei.msk.su> - Kurt Olsen <kurto@tiny.mcs.usu.edu> - Lars Koeller <Lars_Koeller@odie.physik2.uni-rostock.de> - Lucas James <Lucas.James@ldjpc.apana.org.au> - Luigi Rizzo <luigi@iet.unipi.it> - Makoto Matsushita <matusita@ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp> - Manu Iyengar <iyengar@grunthos.pscwa.psca.com> - Marc Frajola <marc@dev.com> - Marc Ramirez <mrami@mramirez.sy.yale.edu> - Marc Slemko <marcs@znep.com> - Marc van Kempen <wmbfmk@urc.tue.nl> - Mark Huizer <xaa@stack.nl> - Mark J. Taylor <mtaylor@cybernet.com> - Mark Tinguely <tinguely@plains.nodak.edu> - <tinguely@hookie.cs.ndsu.NoDak.edu> - Martin Birgmeier - Masachika ISHIZUKA <ishizuka@isis.min.ntt.jp> - Mats Lofkvist <mal@algonet.se> - Matt Bartley <mbartley@lear35.cytex.com> - Matt Thomas <thomas@lkg.dec.com> - Matt White <mwhite+@CMU.EDU> - Matthew Hunt <mph@pobox.com> - Matthew N. Dodd <winter@jurai.net> - Matthew Stein <matt@bdd.net> - Michael Butschky <butsch@computi.erols.com> - Michael Elbel <me@FreeBSD.ORG> - Michael Searle <searle@longacre.demon.co.uk> - Miguel Angel Sagreras <msagre@cactus.fi.uba.ar> - Mikael Hybsch <micke@dynas.se> - Mikhail Teterin <mi@aldan.ziplink.net> - Mike McGaughey <mmcg@cs.monash.edu.au> - Mike Peck <mike@binghamton.edu> - MITA Yoshio <mita@jp.FreeBSD.ORG> - MOROHOSHI Akihiko <moro@race.u-tokyo.ac.jp> - Naoki Hamada <nao@tom-yam.or.jp> - Narvi <narvi@haldjas.folklore.ee> - NIIMI Satoshi <sa2c@and.or.jp> - Nick Sayer <nsayer@quack.kfu.com> - Nisha Talagala <nisha@cs.berkeley.edu> - Nobuhiro Yasutomi <nobu@psrc.isac.co.jp> - Nobuyuki Koganemaru <kogane@kces.koganemaru.co.jp> - Noritaka Ishizumi <graphite@jp.FreeBSD.ORG> - Oliver Laumann <net@informatik.uni-bremen.de> - Oliver Oberdorf <oly@world.std.com> - Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us> - Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> - Paul Mackerras <paulus@cs.anu.edu.au> - Paulo Menezes <paulo@isr.uc.pt> - Pedro Giffuni <pgiffuni@fps.biblos.unal.edu.co> - Pedro A M Vazquez <vazquez@IQM.Unicamp.BR> - Peter Stubbs <PETERS@staidan.qld.edu.au> - R. Kym Horsell <?> - Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com> - Randall Hopper <rhh@stealth.ct.picker.com> - Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu> - Richard Wiwatowski <rjwiwat@adelaide.on.neti> - Rob Mallory <rmallory@csusb.edu> - Rob Shady <rls@id.net> - Rob Snow <rsnow@txdirect.net> - Robert Sanders <rsanders@mindspring.com> - Robert Withrow <witr@rwwa.com> - Ronald Kuehn <kuehn@rz.tu-clausthal.de> - Samuel Lam <skl@ScalableNetwork.com> - Sander Vesik <sander@haldjas.folklore.ee> - Sandro Sigala <ssigala@globalnet.it> - Sascha Blank <blank@fox.uni-trier.de> - Sascha Wildner <swildner@channelz.GUN.de> - Scott Blachowicz <scott@sabami.seaslug.org> - Serge V. Vakulenko <vak@zebub.msk.su> - Simon Marlow <simonm@dcs.gla.ac.uk> - Slaven Rezic (Tomic) <eserte@cs.tu-berlin.de> - Soren Dayton <csdayton@midway.uchicago.edu> - Stefan Moeding <moeding@bn.DeTeMobil.de> - Steve Gerakines <steve2@genesis.tiac.net> - Suzuki Yoshiaki <zensyo@ann.tama.kawasaki.jp> - Tadashi Kumano <kumano@strl.nhk.or.jp> - Taguchi Takeshi <taguchi@tohoku.iij.ad.jp> - Tatsumi Hosokawa <hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp> - Terry Lambert <terry@lambert.org> - Terry Lee <terry@uivlsi.csl.uiuc.edu> - Theo Deraadt <deraadt@fsa.ca> - Thomas König <Thomas.Koenig@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de> - Tim Kientzle <kientzle@netcom.com> - Tim Vanderhoek <ac199@freenet.hamilton.on.ca> - Tom Samplonius <tom@misery.sdf.com> - Torbjorn Granlund <tege@matematik.su.se> - Toshihiro Kanda <candy@fct.kgc.co.jp> - Vanill Ice <vanilla@Minje.Com.TW> - Ville Eerola <ve@sci.fi> - Werner Griessl <werner@btp1da.phy.uni-bayreuth.de> - Wes Santee <wsantee@wsantee.oz.net> - Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@kintaro.cologne.de> - Yoshiro Mihira <sanpei@yy.cs.keio.ac.jp> - Yukihiro Nakai <nakai@mlab.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp> - Yuval Yarom <yval@cs.huji.ac.il> - Yves Fonk <yves@cpcoup5.tn.tudelft.nl> - - - 386BSD Patch kit patch contributors - -

(in alphabetical order by first name): - - - Adam Glass <glass@postgres.berkeley.edu> - Adrian Hall <adrian@ibmpcug.co.uk> - Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> - Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au> - Andrew Moore <alm@netcom.com> - Andy Valencia <ajv@csd.mot.com> <jtk@netcom.com> - Arne Henrik Juul <arnej@Lise.Unit.NO> - Bakul Shah <bvs@bitblocks.com> - Barry Lustig <barry@ictv.com> - Bob Wilcox <bob@obiwan.uucp> - Branko Lankester - Brett Lymn <blymn@mulga.awadi.com.AU> - Charles Hannum <mycroft@ai.mit.edu> - Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu> - Chris Torek <torek@ee.lbl.gov> - Christoph Robitschko <chmr@edvz.tu-graz.ac.at> - Daniel Poirot <poirot@aio.jsc.nasa.gov> - Dave Burgess <burgess@hrd769.brooks.af.mil> - Dave Rivers <rivers@ponds.uucp> - David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.OZ.AU> - David Greenman <davidg@Root.COM> - Eric J. Haug <ejh@slustl.slu.edu> - Felix Gaehtgens <felix@escape.vsse.in-berlin.de> - Frank Maclachlan <fpm@crash.cts.com> - Gary A. Browning <gab10@griffcd.amdahl.com> - Geoff Rehmet <csgr@alpha.ru.ac.za> - Goran Hammarback <goran@astro.uu.se> - Guido van Rooij <guido@gvr.win.tue.nl> - Guy Harris <guy@auspex.com> - Havard Eidnes <Havard.Eidnes@runit.sintef.no> - Herb Peyerl <hpeyerl@novatel.cuc.ab.ca - Holger Veit <Holger.Veit@gmd.de> - Ishii Masahiro, R. Kym Horsell - J.T. Conklin <jtc@cygnus.com> - Jagane D Sundar < jagane@netcom.com > - James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> - James Jegers <jimj@miller.cs.uwm.edu> - James W. Dolter - James da Silva <jds@cs.umd.edu> et al - Jay Fenlason <hack@datacube.com> - Jim Wilson <wilson@moria.cygnus.com> - Jörg Lohse <lohse@tech7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de> - Jörg Wunsch <joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de> - John Dyson - <formerly dyson@ref.tfs.com> - John Polstra <jdp@polstra.com> - John Woods <jfw@eddie.mit.edu> - Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@whisker.hubbard.ie> - Julian Elischer <julian@dialix.oz.au> - Julian Stacey <jhs@freebsd.org> - Karl Lehenbauer <karl@NeoSoft.com> - <karl@one.neosoft.com> - Keith Bostic <bostic@toe.CS.Berkeley.EDU> - Ken Hughes - Kent Talarico <kent@shipwreck.tsoft.net> - Kevin Lahey <kml%rokkaku.UUCP@mathcs.emory.edu> - <kml@mosquito.cis.ufl.edu> - Marc Frajola <marc@dev.com> - Mark Tinguely <tinguely@plains.nodak.edu> - <tinguely@hookie.cs.ndsu.NoDak.edu> - Martin Renters <martin@tdc.on.ca> - Michael Clay <mclay@weareb.org> - Michael Galassi <nerd@percival.rain.com> - Mike Durkin <mdurkin@tsoft.sf-bay.org> - Naoki Hamada <nao@tom-yam.or.jp> - Nate Williams <nate@bsd.coe.montana.edu> - Nick Handel <nhandel@NeoSoft.com> - <nick@madhouse.neosoft.com> - Pace Willisson <pace@blitz.com> - Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> - Paul Mackerras <paulus@cs.anu.edu.au> - Paul Popelka <paulp@uts.amdahl.com> - Peter da Silva <peter@NeoSoft.com> - Phil Sutherland <philsuth@mycroft.dialix.oz.au> - Poul-Henning Kamp<phk@FreeBSD.ORG> - Ralf Friedl <friedl@informatik.uni-kl.de> - Rick Macklem <root@snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca> - Robert D. Thrush <rd@phoenix.aii.com> - Rodney W. Grimes <rgrimes@cdrom.com> - Sascha Wildner <swildner@channelz.GUN.de> - Scott Burris <scott@pita.cns.ucla.edu> - Scott Reynolds <scott@clmqt.marquette.mi.us> - Sean Eric Fagan <sef@kithrup.com> - Simon J Gerraty <sjg@melb.bull.oz.au> - <sjg@zen.void.oz.au> - Stephen McKay <syssgm@devetir.qld.gov.au> - Terry Lambert <terry@icarus.weber.edu> - Terry Lee <terry@uivlsi.csl.uiuc.edu> - Tor Egge <Tor.Egge@idi.ntnu.no> - Warren Toomey <wkt@csadfa.cs.adfa.oz.au> - Wiljo Heinen <wiljo@freeside.ki.open.de> - William Jolitz <withheld> - Wolfgang Solfrank <ws@tools.de> - Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@dentaro.GUN.de> - Yuval Yarom <yval@cs.huji.ac.il> - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/crypt.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/crypt.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 410d6ac..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/crypt.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ - - - -DES, MD5, and Crypt - -

Contributed by &a.wollman;24 September 1995. - -

In order to protect the security of passwords on UN*X systems from -being easily exposed, passwords have traditionally been scrambled in -some way. Starting with Bell Labs' Seventh Edition Unix, passwords -were encrypted using what the security people call a ``one-way hash -function''. That is to say, the password is transformed in such a way -that the original password cannot be regained except by brute-force -searching the space of possible passwords. Unfortunately, the only -secure method that was available to the AT&T researchers at the -time was based on DES, the Data Encryption Standard. This causes only -minimal difficulty for commercial vendors, but is a serious problem -for an operating system like FreeBSD where all the source code is -freely available, because national governments in many places like to -place restrictions on cross-border transport of DES and other -encryption software. - -

So, the FreeBSD team was faced with a dilemma: how could we provide -compatibility with all those UNIX systems out there while still not -running afoul of the law? We decided to take a dual-track approach: -we would make distributions which contained only a non-regulated -password scrambler, and then provide as a separate add-on library the -DES-based password hash. The password-scrambling function was moved -out of the C library to a separate library, called `libcrypt' -because the name of the C function to implement it is -`crypt'. In FreeBSD 1.x and some pre-release 2.0 snapshots, -the non-regulated scrambler uses an insecure function written by Nate -Williams; in subsequent releases this was replaced by a mechanism -using the RSA Data Security, Inc., MD5 one-way hash function. Because -neither of these functions involve encryption, they are believed to be -exportable from the US and importable into many other countries. - -

Meanwhile, work was also underway on the DES-based password hash -function. First, a version of the `crypt' function which was -written outside the US was imported, thus synchronizing the US and -non-US code. Then, the library was modified and split into two; the -DES `libcrypt' contains only the code involved in performing -the one-way password hash, and a separate `libcipher' was -created with the entry points to actually perform encryption. The -code was partitioned in this way to make it easier to get an export -license for the compiled library. - -Recognizing your `crypt' mechanism - -

It is fairly easy to recognize whether a particular password -string was created using the DES- or MD5-based hash function. -MD5 password strings always begin with the characters -`$1$'. DES password strings do not have -any particular identifying characteristics, but they are shorter -than MD5 passwords, and are coded in a 64-character alphabet -which does not include the `$' character, so a -relatively short string which doesn't begin with a dollar sign is -very likely a DES password. - -

Determining which library is being used on your system is fairly -easy for most programs, except for those like `init' which -are statically linked. (For those programs, the only way is to try -them on a known password and see if it works.) Programs which use -`crypt' are linked against `libcrypt', which for -each type of library is a symbolic link to the appropriate -implementation. For example, on a system using the DES versions: - - -$ cd /usr/lib -$ ls -l /usr/lib/libcrypt* -lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 13 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.a -> libdescrypt.a -lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 18 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.so.2.0 -> libdescrypt.so.2.0 -lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 15 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt_p.a -> libdescrypt_p.a - - -On a system using the MD5-based libraries, the same links will be -present, but the target will be `libscrypt' rather than -`libdescrypt'. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/ctm.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/ctm.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 8e62940..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/ctm.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,201 +0,0 @@ - - -CTM - -

Contributed by &a.phk;. Updated 16-Mar-1995. - - Why should I use -

. - - What do I need to use - -

You will need two things: The ``/usr/src/usr.sbin/ if you - have a copy of the source online. - - If you are running a pre-2.0 version of FreeBSD, you can fetch the - current - - The ``deltas'' you feed - - or see section . - - FTP the relevant directory and fetch the /etc/aliases if you want to have the process run in a - fully automated fashion. Check the Starting off with -

Before you can start using Using -

To apply the deltas, simply say - - cd /where/ever/you/want/the/stuff - ctm -v -v /where/you/store/your/deltas/src-cur.* - - Future plans for -

- Tons of them: - - - Make local modifications to the tree possible. One way to do - it could be this:

When foo/bar.c'', it would first check for the existence - of foo/bar.c#CTM If this file exists, the delta is - applied to it instead. This way the foo/bar.c file - can be edited to suit local needs. - - Make a ``restore file(s)'' option to - ctm -r src/sys/i386/wd.c /here/are/my/deltas/src-cur.* - - would restore - Clean up the options to - - The bad news is that I am very busy, so any help in doing this will - be most welcome. And do not forget to tell me what you want also... - - Miscellaneous stuff -

- All the ``DES infected'' (e.g. export controlled) source is not - included. You will get the ``international'' version only. If - sufficient interest appears, we will set up a ``Thanks! -

- - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/current.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/current.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 906885e..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/current.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Staying current with FreeBSD - -

Contributed by &a.jkh;. - - - -What is FreeBSD-current? - -

FreeBSD-current is, quite literally, nothing more than a daily -snapshot of the working sources for FreeBSD. These include work in -progress, experimental changes and transitional mechanisms that may or -may not be present in the next official release of the software. -While many of us compile almost daily from FreeBSD-current sources, -there are periods of time when the sources are literally un-compilable. -These problems are generally resolved as expeditiously as possible, -but whether or not FreeBSD-current sources bring disaster or greatly -desired functionality can literally be a matter of which part of any -given 24 hour period you grabbed them in! - -Under certain circumstances we will sometimes make binaries for parts -of FreeBSD-current available, but only because we are interested in -getting something tested, not because we are in the business of -providing binary releases of current. If we do not offer, please do not -ask! It takes far too much time to do this as a general task. - -Who needs FreeBSD-current? - -

FreeBSD-current is made generally available for 3 primary interest groups: - - Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working on some - part of the source tree and for whom keeping `current' is an - absolute requirement. - - Members of the FreeBSD group who are active testers, - willing to spend time working through problems in order to - ensure that FreeBSD-current remains as sane as possible. These - are also people who wish to make topical suggestions on changes - and the general direction of FreeBSD. - - Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) group who merely - wish to keep an eye on things and use the current sources for - reference purposes (e.g. for reading, not running). These - people also make the occasional comment or contribute code. - - -What is FreeBSD-current NOT? - -

- A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because you heard there is - some cool new feature in there and you want to be the first on - your block to have it. - - A quick way of getting bug fixes. - - In any way ``officially supported'' by us. - - We do our best to help people genuinely in one of the 3 - ``legitimate'' FreeBSD-current categories, but we simply do not - have the time to provide tech support for it. - This is not because we are mean and nasty people who do not like - helping people out (we would not even be doing FreeBSD if we were), - it is literally because we cannot answer 400 messages a day - and actually work on FreeBSD! I am sure that, if given - the choice between having us answer lots of questions or continuing to - improve FreeBSD, most of you would vote for us improving it. - - -Using FreeBSD-current - -

Join the &a.current and the &a.cvsall . - This is not just a good idea, it is essential. - If you are not on the FreeBSD-current mailing list you - will not see the comments that people are making about the - current state of the system and thus will probably end up stumbling - over a lot of problems that others have already found and - solved. Even more importantly, you will miss out on - potentially critical information (e.g. ``Yo, Everybody! - Before you rebuild /usr/src, you must - rebuild the kernel or your system will crash horribly!"). - - The cvs-all mailing list will allow you to see the commit log - entry for each change as it is made along with any pertinent - information on possible side-effects. - - To join these lists, send mail to &a.majordomo and specify: - -subscribe freebsd-current -subscribe cvs-all - - In the body of your message. Optionally, you can also say `help' - and Majordomo will send you full help on how to subscribe and - unsubscribe to the various other mailing lists we support. - - Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in - three ways: - - - Use the facility. Unless you - have a good TCP/IP connection at a flat rate, this is - the way to do it. - - Use the program with - . - This is the second most recommended method, since it allows - you to grab the entire collection once and then only what has - changed from then on. Many people run cvsup from cron - and keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - - Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is always - "exported" on: - - We also use `wu-ftpd' which allows compressed/tar'd grabbing - of whole trees. e.g. you see: - - usr.bin/lex - - You can do: - - ftp> cd usr.bin - ftp> get lex.tar.Z - - And it will get the whole directory for you as a compressed - tar file. - - - Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and - communications bandwidth is not a consideration, use cvsup or ftp. - Otherwise, use CTM. - - If you are grabbing the sources to run, and not just look at, - then grab all of current, not just selected portions. The - reason for this is that various parts of the source depend on - updates elsewhere, and trying to compile just a subset is almost - guaranteed to get you into trouble. - - Before compiling current, read the Makefile in /usr/src - carefully. You should at least run a `make world' the first time - through as part of the upgrading process. - Reading the &a.current will keep you up-to-date on other - bootstrapping procedures that sometimes become necessary as we move - towards the next release. - - Be active! If you are running FreeBSD-current, we want to know - what you have to say about it, especially if you have suggestions - for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code - are received most enthusiastically! - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/cvsup.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/cvsup.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index fe48abb..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/cvsup.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,574 +0,0 @@ - - - -CVSup - -

Contributed by &a.jdp;. - -Introduction - -

CVSup is a software package for distributing and updating source -trees from a master CVS repository on a remote server host. The -FreeBSD sources are maintained in a CVS repository on a central -development machine in California. With CVSup, FreeBSD users can -easily keep their own source trees up to date. - -

CVSup uses the so-called "pull" model of updating. Under the pull -model, each client asks the server for updates, if and when they are -wanted. The server waits passively for update requests from its -clients. Thus all updates are instigated by the client. The server -never sends unsolicited updates. Users must either run the CVSup client -manually to get an update, or they must set up a cron job to run it -automatically on a regular basis. - -

The term "CVSup", capitalized just so, refers to the entire software -package. Its main components are the client "cvsup" which runs on each -user's machine, and the server "cvsupd" which runs at each of the -FreeBSD mirror sites. - -

As you read the FreeBSD documentation and mailing lists, you may -see references to . Sup was the predecessor to CVSup, -and it served a similar purpose. CVSup is in used in much the same -way as sup and, in fact, uses configuration files which are -backward-compatible with sup's. Sup is no longer used in the FreeBSD -project, however, because CVSup is both faster and more flexible. - -Installation - -

The easiest way to install CVSup if you are running FreeBSD 2.2 or -later is to use either from the FreeBSD or the corresponding , depending on whether you prefer to roll your -own or not. - -

If you are running FreeBSD-2.1.6 or 2.1.7, you unfortunately cannot use the -binary package versions due to the fact that it requires a version of -the C library that does not yet exist in FreeBSD-2.1.{6,7}. You can easily -use , however, just as with FreeBSD 2.2. Simply unpack -the tar file, cd to the cvsup subdirectory and type "make install" - -

Because CVSup is written in , both the package and the port require that the -Modula-3 runtime libraries be installed. These are available as the - port and the package. If you follow the same -directions as for cvsup, these libraries will be compiled and/or -installed automatically when you install the CVSup port or package. - -

The Modula-3 libraries are rather large, and fetching and compiling -them is not an instantaneous process. For that reason, a third option -is provided. You can get statically linked FreeBSD -executables for CVSup from either the USA distribution site: - - - - (client). - - (server). - - -or the German mirror: - - - - (client). - - (server). - - -

Most users will need only the client. These executables are entirely -self-contained, and they will run on any version of FreeBSD from -FreeBSD-2.1.0 to FreeBSD-current. - -

In summary, your options for installing CVSup are: - - - FreeBSD-2.2 or later: static binary, port, or package - FreeBSD-2.1.6, 2.1.7: static binary or port - FreeBSD-2.1.5 or earlier: static binary - - -Configuration - -

CVSup's operation is controlled by a configuration file called the -"supfile". Beginning with FreeBSD-2.2, there are some sample supfiles -in the directory . These examples are also available -from if you are on a pre-2.2 system. - -

The information in a supfile answers the following questions for cvsup: - - - - - - - - - -

In the following sections, we will construct a typical supfile by -answering each of these questions in turn. First, we describe the -overall structure of a supfile. - -

A supfile is a text file. Comments begin with "#" and extend to -the end of the line. Lines that are blank and lines that contain only -comments are ignored. - -

Each remaining line describes a set of files that the user wishes -to receive. The line begins with the name of a "collection", a -logical grouping of files defined by the server. The name of the -collection tells the server which files you want. After the -collection name come zero or more fields, separated by white space. -These fields answer the questions listed above. There are two types -of fields: flag fields and value fields. A flag field consists of a -keyword standing alone, e.g., "delete" or "compress". A value field -also begins with a keyword, but the keyword is followed without -intervening white space by "=" and a second word. For example, -"release=cvs" is a value field. - -

A supfile typically specifies more than one collection to receive. -One way to structure a supfile is to specify all of the relevant -fields explicitly for each collection. However, that tends to make -the supfile lines quite long, and it is inconvenient because most -fields are the same for all of the collections in a supfile. CVSup -provides a defaulting mechanism to avoid these problems. Lines -beginning with the special pseudo-collection name "*default" can be -used to set flags and values which will be used as defaults for the -subsequent collections in the supfile. A default value can be -overridden for an individual collection, by specifying a different -value with the collection itself. Defaults can also be changed or -augmented in mid-supfile by additional "*default" lines. - -

With this background, we will now proceed to construct a supfile -for receiving and updating the main source tree of . - - -Which files do you want to receive?

As with sup, the files available via CVSup are organized into named -groups called "collections". The collections that are available are -described . -In this example, we wish to receive the -entire main source tree for the FreeBSD system. There is a single -large collection "src-all" which will give us all of that, except the -export-controlled cryptography support. Let us assume for this -example that we are in the USA or Canada. Then we can get the -cryptography code with one additional collection, "cvs-crypto". -As a first step toward constructing our supfile, we -simply list these collections, one per line: - - - src-all - cvs-crypto - - -

Which version(s) of them do you want?

With CVSup, you can receive virtually any version of the sources -that ever existed. That is possible because the cvsupd server works -directly from the CVS repository, which contains all of the versions. -You specify which one of them you want using the "tag=" and "date=" -value fields. - -

The "tag=" field names a symbolic tag in the repository. There are -two kinds of tags, revision tags and branch tags. A revision tag -refers to a specific revision. Its meaning stays the same from day to -day. A branch tag, on the other hand, refers to the latest revision -on a given line of development, at any given time. Because a branch -tag does not refer to a specific revision, it may mean something -different tomorrow than it means today. - -

Here are the branch tags that users might be interested in: - - - - -

Here are the revision tags that users might be interested in: - - - - -

Be very careful to type the tag name exactly as shown. CVSup cannot -distinguish between valid and invalid tags. If you misspell the tag, -CVSup will behave as though you had specified a valid tag which happens -to refer to no files at all. It will delete your existing sources in -that case. - -

When you specify a branch tag, you normally receive the latest versions -of the files on that line of development. If you wish to receive some -past version, you can do so by specifying a date with the "date=" value -field. The cvsup(1) manual page explains how to do that. - -

For our example, we wish to receive FreeBSD-current. We add this line -at the beginning of our supfile: - - - *default tag=. - - -

There is an important special case that comes into play if you specify -neither a "tag=" field nor a "date=" field. In that case, you receive -the actual RCS files directly from the server's CVS repository, rather -than receiving a particular version. Developers generally prefer this -mode of operation. By maintaining a copy of the repository itself on -their systems, they gain the ability to browse the revision histories -and examine past versions of files. This gain is achieved at a large -cost in terms of disk space, however. - -

Where do you want to get them from?

We use the "host=" field to tell cvsup where to obtain its updates. -Any of the will do, -though you should try to select one that's near to you. -In this example, we'll use the primary FreeBSD distribution site, -"cvsup.FreeBSD.org": - - - *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org - - -

On any particular run of cvsup, you can override this setting on the -command line, with "-h hostname". - -

Where do you want to put them on your own machine?

The "prefix=" field tells cvsup where to put the files it receives. -In this example, we will put the source files directly into our main -source tree, "/usr/src". The "src" directory is already implicit in the -collections we have chosen to receive, so this is the correct -specification: - - - *default prefix=/usr - - -

Where should cvsup maintain its status files?

The cvsup client maintains certain status files in what is called -the "base" directory. These files help CVSup to work more -efficiently, by keeping track of which updates you have already -received. We will use the standard base directory, -"/usr/local/etc/cvsup": - - - *default base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup - - -

This setting is used by default if it is not specified in the -supfile, so we actually do not need the above line. - -

If your base directory does not already exist, now would be a good -time to create it. The cvsup client will refuse to run if the base -directory does not exist. - -

Miscellaneous supfile settings: - -

There is one more line of boiler plate that normally needs to be -present in the supfile: - - - *default release=cvs delete use-rel-suffix compress - - -

"release=cvs" indicates that the server should get its information -out of the main FreeBSD CVS repository. This is virtually always the -case, but there are other possibilities which are beyond the scope of -this discussion. - -

"delete" gives CVSup permission to delete files. You should always -specify this, so that CVSup can keep your source tree fully up to -date. CVSup is careful to delete only those files for which it is -responsible. Any extra files you happen to have will be left strictly -alone. - -

"use-rel-suffix" is ... arcane. If you really want to know about -it, see the cvsup(1) manual page. Otherwise, just specify it and -do not worry about it. - -

"compress" enables the use of gzip-style compression on the -communication channel. If your network link is T1 speed or faster, -you probably should not use compression. Otherwise, it helps -substantially. - -

Putting it all together: - -

Here is the entire supfile for our example: - - - *default tag=. - *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org - *default prefix=/usr - *default base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup - *default release=cvs delete use-rel-suffix compress - src-all - cvs-crypto - - - -Running CVSup - -

You are now ready to try an update. The command line for doing this is -quite simple: - - - cvsup supfile - - -

where "supfile" is of course the name of the supfile you have just created. -Assuming you are running under X11, cvsup will display a GUI window with -some buttons to do the usual things. Press the "go" button, and watch -it run. - -

Since you are updating your actual "/usr/src" tree in this example, you -will need to run the program as root so that cvsup has the permissions -it needs to update your files. Having just created your configuration -file, and having never used this program before, that might -understandably make you nervous. There is an easy way to do a trial run -without touching your precious files. Just create an empty directory -somewhere convenient, and name it as an extra argument on the command -line: - - - mkdir /var/tmp/dest - cvsup supfile /var/tmp/dest - - -

The directory you specify will be used as the destination directory -for all file updates. CVSup will examine your usual files in -"/usr/src", but it will not modify or delete any of them. Any file -updates will instead land in "/var/tmp/dest/usr/src". CVSup will also -leave its base directory status files untouched when run this way. -The new versions of those files will be written into the specified -directory. As long as you have read access to "/usr/src", you do not -even need to be root to perform this kind of trial run. - -

If you are not running X11 or if you just do not like GUIs, you -should add a couple of options to the command line when you run cvsup: - - - cvsup -g -L 2 supfile - - -

The "-g" tells cvsup not to use its GUI. This is automatic if you are -not running X11, but otherwise you have to specify it. - -

The "-L 2" tells cvsup to print out the details of all the file updates -it is doing. There are three levels of verbosity, from "-L 0" to "-L 2". -The default is 0, which means total silence except for error messages. - -

There are plenty of other options available. For a brief list of them, -type "cvsup -H". For more detailed descriptions, see the manual page. - -

Once you are satisfied with the way updates are working, you can arrange -for regular runs of cvsup using cron(8). Obviously, you should not let -cvsup use its GUI when running it from cron. - -CVSup File Collections - -

The file collections available via CVSup are organized -hierarchically. There are a few large collections, and they are -divided into smaller sub-collections. Receiving a large collection -is equivalent to receiving each of its sub-collections. -The hierarchical relationships among collections are reflected by -the use of indentation in the list below. - -

The most commonly used collections are -cvs-all release=cvs -The main FreeBSD CVS repository, excluding the export-restricted -cryptography code. -

- - distrib release=cvs - Files related to the distribution and mirroring of FreeBSD. - doc-all release=cvs - Sources for the FreeBSD handbook and other documentation. - ports-all release=cvs - The FreeBSD ports collection. -

- - ports-archivers release=cvs - Archiving tools. - ports-astro release=cvs - Astronomical ports. - ports-audio release=cvs - Sound support. - ports-base release=cvs - Miscellaneous files at the top of /usr/ports. - ports-benchmarks release=cvs - Benchmarks. - ports-cad release=cvs - Computer aided design tools. - ports-chinese release=cvs - Chinese language support. - ports-comms release=cvs - Communication software. - ports-converters release=cvs - character code converters. - ports-databases release=cvs - Databases. - ports-devel release=cvs - Development utilities. - ports-editors release=cvs - Editors. - ports-emulators release=cvs - Emulators for other operating systems. - ports-games release=cvs - Games. - ports-graphics release=cvs - Graphics utilities. - ports-japanese release=cvs - Japanese language support. - ports-korean release=cvs - Korean language support. - ports-lang release=cvs - Programming languages. - ports-mail release=cvs - Mail software. - ports-math release=cvs - Numerical computation software. - ports-mbone release=cvs - MBone applications. - ports-misc release=cvs - Miscellaneous utilities. - ports-net release=cvs - Networking software. - ports-news release=cvs - USENET news software. - ports-plan9 release=cvs - Various programs from Plan9. - ports-print release=cvs - Printing software. - ports-russian release=cvs - Russian language support. - ports-security release=cvs - Security utilities. - ports-shells release=cvs - Command line shells. - ports-sysutils release=cvs - System utilities. - ports-textproc release=cvs - text processing utilities (does not include desktop publishing). - ports-vietnamese release=cvs - Vietnamese language support. - ports-www release=cvs - Software related to the World Wide Web. - ports-x11 release=cvs - X11 software. - - src-all release=cvs - The main FreeBSD sources, excluding the export-restricted cryptography - code. -

- - src-base release=cvs - Miscellaneous files at the top of /usr/src. - src-bin release=cvs - User utilities that may be needed in single-user mode - (/usr/src/bin). - src-contrib release=cvs - Utilities and libraries from outside the FreeBSD project, used - relatively unmodified (/usr/src/contrib). - src-etc release=cvs - System configuration files (/usr/src/etc). - src-games release=cvs - Games (/usr/src/games). - src-gnu release=cvs - Utilities covered by the GNU Public License (/usr/src/gnu). - src-include release=cvs - Header files (/usr/src/include). - src-lib release=cvs - Libraries (/usr/src/lib). - src-libexec release=cvs - System programs normally executed by other programs - (/usr/src/libexec). - src-release release=cvs - Files required to produce a FreeBSD release (/usr/src/release). - src-sbin release=cvs - System utilities for single-user mode (/usr/src/sbin). - src-share release=cvs - Files that can be shared across multiple systems (/usr/src/share). - src-sys release=cvs - The kernel (/usr/src/sys). - src-tools release=cvs - Various tools for the maintenance of FreeBSD (/usr/src/tools). - src-usrbin release=cvs - User utilities (/usr/src/usr.bin). - src-usrsbin release=cvs - System utilities (/usr/src/usr.sbin). - - www release=cvs - The sources for the World Wide Web data. - -cvs-crypto release=cvs -The export-restricted cryptography code. -

- - src-contrib-crypto release=cvs - Export-restricted utilities and libraries from outside the FreeBSD - project, used relatively unmodified (/usr/src/contrib-crypto). - src-eBones release=cvs - Kerberos and DES (/usr/src/eBones). - src-secure release=cvs - DES (/usr/src/secure). - -distrib release=self -The CVSup server's own configuration files. Used by CVSup mirror sites. -gnats release=current -The GNATS bug-tracking database. -src-sys release=lite2 -The CVS repository for the lite2 kernel merge. -src-sys release=smp -The CVS repository for the SMP project. -www release=current -The installed World Wide Web data. Used by WWW mirror sites. - - -Announcements, Questions, and Bug Reports - -

Most FreeBSD-related discussion of CVSup takes place on the -&a.hackers;. New versions of the software are announced there, as -well as on the &a.announce;. - -

Questions and bug reports should be addressed to the author of the -program at . diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/cyclades.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/cyclades.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 09365b6..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/cyclades.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Configuring the cy driver - -

Contributed by &a.alex;.6 June 1996. - - The Cyclades multiport cards are based on the cy - driver instead of the usual sio driver used by - other multiport cards. Configuration is a simple matter - of: - - - Add the cy device to your - - (note that your irq and iomem settings may differ). - - -device cy0 at isa? tty irq 10 iomem 0xd4000 iosiz 0x2000 vector cyintr - - - - the new kernel. - - Make the - by typing (the following example assumes an 8-port board): - - -# cd /dev -# for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do ./MAKEDEV cuac$i ttyc$i;done - - - If appropriate, add - entries to by - duplicating serial device (ttyd) entries and - using ttyc in place of ttyd. For - example: - - -ttyc0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure -ttyc1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure -ttyc2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure -[...] -ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure - - - Reboot with the new kernel. - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/development.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/development.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index ab3f1ea..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/development.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,106 +0,0 @@ - - - -The FreeBSD development model - -

Contributed by &a.asami;. - -

The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible process, -FreeBSD being literally built from the contributions of hundreds of -people around the world, as can be seen from our . We are constantly on the lookout for -new developers and ideas, and those interested in becoming more -closely involved with the project need simply contact us at the -&a.hackers;. Those who prefer to work more independently are also -accommodated, and they are free to use our FTP facilities at to distribute their own patches or work-in-progress -sources. The &a.announce; is also available to those wishing -to make other FreeBSD users aware of major areas of work. - -Useful things to know about the FreeBSD project and its development process, -whether working independently or in close cooperation: - - -The CVS repository - -

The central source tree for FreeBSD is maintained by -(Concurrent Version System), a freely available source code control -tool which comes bundled with FreeBSD. The primary -resides on a machine in Concord CA, USA from where it is replicated -to numerous mirror machines throughout the world. The CVS tree, as well -as the and trees which are checked out of it, can be easily -replicated to your own machine as well. Please refer to the - -section for more information on doing this.

- -The committers list - -

The are the people -who have write access to the CVS tree, and are thus -authorized to make modifications to the FreeBSD source (the term -``committer'' comes from the cvs(1) ``commit'' -command, which is used to bring new changes into the CVS repository). -The best way of making submissions for review by the committers list -is to use the command, though if something appears to be jammed -in the system then you may also reach them by sending mail to .

- -The FreeBSD core team - -

The would be -equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD Project were a -company. The primary task of the core team is to make sure the -project, as a whole, is in good shape and is heading in the right -directions. Inviting dedicated and responsible developers to join our -group of committers is one of the functions of the core team, as is -the recruitment of new core team members as others move on. Most -current members of the core team started as committers who's addiction -to the project got the better of them.

- -

Some core team members also have specific , meaning that they are committed to -ensuring that some large portion of the system works as advertised. -Note that most members of the core team are volunteers when it comes -to FreeBSD development and do not benefit from the project -financially, so "commitment" should also not be misconstrued as -meaning "guaranteed support." The ``board of directors'' analogy -above is not actually very accurate, and it may be more suitable to -say that these are the people who gave up their lives in favor of -FreeBSD against their better judgement! ;)

- -Outside contributors - -

Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of developers are -the users themselves who provide feedback and bug-fixes to us on an -almost constant basis. The primary way of keeping in touch with FreeBSD's -more non-centralized development is to subscribe to the &a.hackers; -(see ) where such -things are discussed.

- -

of those who have -contributed something which made its way into our source tree is -a long and growing one, so why not join it by contributing something -back to FreeBSD today? :-)

- -

Providing code is not the only way of contributing to the project; -for a more complete list of things that need doing, please refer to the section in this handbook.

- - - -In summary, our development model is organized as a loose set of -concentric circles. The centralized model is designed for the -convenience of the users of FreeBSD, who are thereby provided -with an easy way of tracking one central code base, not to keep -potential contributors out! Our desire is to present a stable -operating system with a large set of coherent that the users can easily install and -use, and this model works very well in accomplishing that. - -All we ask of those who would join us as FreeBSD developers is some of -the same dedication its current people have to its continued success! diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/dialout.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/dialout.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index d5171ec..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/dialout.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,249 +0,0 @@ - - -Dialout service - -

Information integrated from FAQ. - -The following are tips to getting your host to be able to connect over the modem to another computer. This is appropriate for establishing a terminal session with a remote host. -

This is useful to log onto a BBS. -

This kind of connection can be extremely helpful to get a file on the Internet if you have problems with PPP. If you need to ftp something and PPP is broken, use the terminal session to ftp it. Then use zmodem to transfer it to your machine. - - Why cannot I run -

- On your system, the programs - chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip - - You do not have to run this command for - My stock Hayes modem is not supported, what can I do? -

- Actually, the man page for /etc/remote file. - - The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of the - advanced features of newer modems—messages like /usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip Obviously you need the source - distribution to do this. - - Edit the line `` - How am I expected to enter these AT commands? -

- Make what is called a ``/etc/remote file. For example, if your modem is hooked - up to the first serial port, /dev/cuaa0, then put in the - following line: - - cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none - - Use the highest bps rate your modem supports in the br - capability. Then, type ``/dev/cuaa0 on your system, do this: - - cd /dev - MAKEDEV cuaa0 - -

- Or use cu as root with the following command: - - cu -l``line'' -s``speed'' - - with line being the serial port (e.g./dev/cuaa0) - and speed being the speed (e.g.57600). - When you are done entering the AT commands hit ~. to exit. - - - The -

- The /etc/phones for a phone number. But the /etc/remote. Escape it with a backslash: - - pn=\@ - - - - How can I dial a phone number on the command line? -

- Put what is called a ``/etc/remote file. For example: - - tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - - - Then you can things like `` - cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - - and type `` - Do I have to type in the bps rate every time I do that? -

- Put in an entry for - I access a number of hosts through a terminal server. -

- Rather than waiting until you are connected and typing - ``/etc/remote: - - pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: - muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: - deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ - :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234: - - - will let you type `` - Can tip try more than one line for each site? -

- This is often a problem where a university has several modem lines - and several thousand students trying to use them... -

- Make an entry for your university in /etc/remote - and use @ for the - big-university:\ - :pn=\@:tc=dialout - dialout:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none: - - - Then, list the phone numbers for the university in - /etc/phones: - - big-university 5551111 - big-university 5551112 - big-university 5551113 - big-university 5551114 - - - - Why do I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P once? -

- CTRL+P is the default ``force'' character, used to tell $HOME/.tiprc - file: - - force= - - - - Suddenly everything I type is in UPPER CASE?? -

- You must have pressed CTRL+A, - force=^^ - raisechar=^^ - - The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6. - - - How can I do file transfers with -

- If you are talking to another UNIX system, you can send and - receive files with - ~p [] - ~t [] - - - There is no error checking, so you probably should use another - protocol, like zmodem. - - - How can I run zmodem with -

- To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. - Then, type `` diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/dialup.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/dialup.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index c0e032b..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/dialup.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,810 +0,0 @@ - - -Dialin service - -

Contributed by &a.ghelmer;. - -This document provides suggestions for configuring a FreeBSD system to -handle dialup modems. This document is written based on the author's -experience with FreeBSD versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.1.5.1 (and experience -with dialup modems on other UNIX-like operating systems); however, -this document may not answer all of your questions or provide examples -specific enough to your environment. The author cannot be responsible -if you damage your system or lose data due to attempting to follow the -suggestions here. - -Prerequisites

- -To begin with, the author assumes you have some basic knowledge of -FreeBSD. You need to have FreeBSD installed, know how to edit files -in a UNIX-like environment, and how to look up manual pages on the -system. As discussed below, you will need certain versions of FreeBSD, -and knowledge of some terminology & modem and cabling. - -FreeBSD Version -

- -First, it is assumed that you are using FreeBSD version 1.1 or higher -(including versions 2.x). FreeBSD version 1.0 included two different -serial drivers, which complicates the situation. Also, the serial -device driver (Terminology -

- -A quick rundown of terminology: - - - - - -If you need more information about these terms and data communications -in general, the author remembers reading that External vs. Internal Modems -

- -External modems seem to be more convenient for dialup, because -external modems often can be semi-permanently configured via -parameters stored in non-volatile RAM and they usually provide lighted -indicators that display the state of important RS-232 signals. -Blinking lights impress visitors, but lights are also very useful to -see whether a modem is operating properly. - -Internal modems usually lack non-volatile RAM, so their configuration -may be limited only to setting DIP switches. If your internal modem -has any signal indicator lights, it is probably difficult to view the -lights when the system's cover is in place. - -Modems and Cables -

- -A background knowledge of these items is assumed - - - - You know how to connect your modem to your computer so that the -two can communicate (unless you have an internal modem, which does not -need such a cable) - - You are familiar with your modem's command set, or know where -to look up needed commands - - You know how to configure your modem (probably via a terminal -communications program) so you can set the non-volatile RAM -parameters - - - -The first, connecting your modem, is usually simple - most -straight-through serial cables work without any problems. You need to -have a cable with appropriate connectors (DB-25 or DB-9, male or -female) on each end, and the cable must be a DCE-to-DTE cable with -these signals wired: - - - Transmitted Data ( Received Data ( Request to Send ( Clear to Send ( Data Set Ready ( Data Terminal Ready ( Carrier Detect ( Signal Ground ( - -FreeBSD needs the Serial Interface Considerations -

- -FreeBSD supports NS8250-, NS16450-, NS16550-, and NS16550A-based EIA -RS-232C (CCITT V.24) communications interfaces. The 8250 and 16450 -devices have single-character buffers. The 16550 device provides a -16-character buffer, which allows for better system performance. -(Bugs in plain 16550's prevent the use of the 16-character buffer, so -use 16550A's if possible). Because single-character-buffer devices -require more work by the operating system than the 16-character-buffer -devices, 16550A-based serial interface cards are much prefered. If -the system has many active serial ports or will have a heavy load, -16550A-based cards are better for low-error-rate communications. - -Quick Overview -

- -Here is the process that FreeBSD follows to accept dialup logins. A -/dev/ttyd0, for our example). The -command - 4850 ?? I 0:00.09 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0 - - -When a user dials the modem's line and the modems connect, the /usr/bin/login, which completes the login -by asking for the user's password and then starting the user's shell. - -Let's dive into the configuration... - -Kernel Configuration -

- -FreeBSD kernels typically come prepared to search for four serial -ports, known in the PC-DOS world as /sbin/dmesg command to replay the kernel's boot messages. In -particular, look for messages that start with the characters -/sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio' - - -For example, on a system with four serial ports, these are the -serial-port specific kernel boot messages: - - -sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa -sio0: type 16550A -sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa -sio1: type 16550A -sio2 at 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa -sio2: type 16550A -sio3 at 0x2e8-0x2ef irq 9 on isa -sio3: type 16550A - - -If your kernel does not recognize all of your serial ports, you will -probably need to configure a custom FreeBSD kernel for your system. - -Please see the BSD System Manager's Manual chapter on ``Building -Berkeley Kernels with Config'' [the source for which is in -/usr/src/share/doc/smm] and ``FreeBSD Configuration -Options'' [in /sys/conf/options and in -/sys/arch/conf/options.arch, with -arch for example being i386] for more -information on configuring and building kernels. You may have to -unpack the kernel source distribution if have not installed the system -sources already (srcdist/srcsys.?? in FreeBSD 1.1, -srcdist/sys.?? in FreeBSD 1.1.5.1, or the entire source -distribution in FreeBSD 2.0) to be able to configure and build -kernels. - -Create a kernel configuration file for your system (if you have not -already) by /sys/i386/conf. Then, if you are -creating a new custom configuration file, copy the file GENERICAH (or -GENERICBT, if you have a BusTek SCSI controller on FreeBSD 1.x) to - -device sio0 at isa? port "IO_COM1" tty irq 4 vector siointr -device sio1 at isa? port "IO_COM2" tty irq 3 vector siointr -device sio2 at isa? port "IO_COM3" tty irq 5 vector siointr -device sio3 at isa? port "IO_COM4" tty irq 9 vector siointr - - -You can comment-out or completely remove lines for devices you do not -have. If you have a multiport serial board, such as the Boca Board -BB2016, please see the cannot share interrupts on ISA-bus PCs (multiport boards have -on-board electronics that allow all the 16550A's on the board to share -one or two interrupt request lines). - -When you are finished adjusting the kernel configuration file, use the -program Device Special Files -

- -Most devices in the kernel are accessed through ``device special -files'', which are located in the /dev directory. The -/dev/ttyd? -(dial-in) and /dev/cua0? (call-out) devices. On FreeBSD -version 1.1.5 and higher, there are also initialization devices -(/dev/ttyid? and /dev/cuai0?) and locking devices -(/dev/ttyld? and /dev/cual0?). The initialization -devices are used to initialize communications port parameters each -time a port is opened, such as crtscts for modems which use -CTS/RTS signaling for flow control. The locking devices are -used to lock flags on ports to prevent users or programs changing -certain parameters; see the manual pages Making Device Special Files -

- -A shell script called /dev directory -manages the device special files. (The manual page for -/dev -and issue the command /dev/ttyd? device special -files, but also creates the /dev/cua0? (and all of the -initializing and locking special files under FreeBSD 1.1.5 and up) and -removes the hardwired terminal special file /dev/tty0?, if it -exists. - -After making new device special files, be sure to check the -permissions on the files (especially the /dev/cua* files) to -make sure that only users who should have access to those device -special files can read & write on them - you probably do not want -to allow your average user to use your modems to dialout. The default -permissions on the /dev/cua* files should be sufficient: - - -crw-rw---- 1 uucp dialer 28, 129 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cua01 -crw-rw---- 1 uucp dialer 28, 161 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cuai01 -crw-rw---- 1 uucp dialer 28, 193 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cual01 - - -These permissions allow the user Configuration Files -

- -There are three system configuration files in the /etc -directory that you will probably need to edit to allow dialup access to -your FreeBSD system. The first, /etc/gettytab, contains -configuration information for the /usr/libexec/getty daemon. -Second, /etc/ttys holds information that tells -/sbin/init what /etc/rc.serial script if you have FreeBSD -1.1.5.1 or higher; otherwise, you can initialize ports in the -/etc/rc.local script. - -There are two schools of thought regarding dialup modems on UNIX. One -group likes to configure their modems and system so that no matter at -what speed a remote user dials in, the local computer-to-modem RS-232 -interface runs at a locked speed. The benefit of this configuration -is that the remote user always sees a system login prompt immediately. -The downside is that the system does not know what a user's true data -rate is, so full-screen programs like Emacs will not adjust their -screen-painting methods to make their response better for slower -connections. - -The other school configures their modems' RS-232 interface to vary its -speed based on the remote user's connection speed. For example, -V.32bis (14.4 Kbps) connections to the modem might make the modem run -its RS-232 interface at 19.2 Kbps, while 2400 bps connections make the -modem's RS-232 interface run at 2400 bps. Because <Enter> key until they see a recognizable prompt. If -the data rates do not match, /etc/gettytab -

- -/etc/gettytab is a Locked-Speed Config -

- -If you are locking your modem's data communications rate at a -particular speed, you probably will not need to make any changes to -/etc/gettytab. - -Matching-Speed Config -

- -You will need to setup an entry in /etc/gettytab to give - -# -# Fast dialup terminals, 2400/1200/300 rotary (can start either way) -# -D2400|d2400|Fast-Dial-2400:\ - :nx=D1200:tc=2400-baud: -3|D1200|Fast-Dial-1200:\ - :nx=D300:tc=1200-baud: -5|D300|Fast-Dial-300:\ - :nx=D2400:tc=300-baud: - - -If you have a higher speed modem, you will probably need to add an entry -in /etc/gettytab; here is an entry you could use for a 14.4 -Kbps modem with a top interface speed of 19.2 Kbps: - - -# -# Additions for a V.32bis Modem -# -um|V300|High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\ - :nx=V19200:tc=std.300: -un|V1200|High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\ - :nx=V300:tc=std.1200: -uo|V2400|High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\ - :nx=V1200:tc=std.2400: -up|V9600|High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\ - :nx=V2400:tc=std.9600: -uq|V19200|High Speed Modem at 19200,8-bit:\ - :nx=V9600:tc=std.19200: - - -On FreeBSD 1.1.5 and later, this will result in 8-bit, no parity -connections. Under FreeBSD 1.1, add std. entries at the top of the file for 8 bits, no -parity; otherwise, the default is 7 bits, even parity. - -The example above starts the communications rate at 19.2 Kbps (for a -V.32bis connection), then cycles through 9600 bps (for V.32), 2400 -bps, 1200 bps, 300 bps, and back to 19.2 Kbps. Communications rate -cycling is implemented with the -# -# Additions for a V.32bis or V.34 Modem -# Starting at 57.6 Kbps -# -vm|VH300|Very High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH57600:tc=std.300: -vn|VH1200|Very High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH300:tc=std.1200: -vo|VH2400|Very High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH1200:tc=std.2400: -vp|VH9600|Very High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH2400:tc=std.9600: -vq|VH57600|Very High Speed Modem at 57600,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH9600:tc=std.57600: - - -If you have a slow CPU or a heavily loaded system and you do not have -16550A-based serial ports, you may receive sio ``silo'' errors at 57.6 -Kbps. - -/etc/ttys -

- -/etc/ttys is the list of /etc/ttys also provides security information to /etc/ttys or -add new lines to make -ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty xxx" dialup on - - -The first item in the above line is the device special file for this -entry - /dev/ttyd0 is the file that this -"/usr/libexec/getty - (secure, but it -should only be used for terminals which are physically secure (such as -the system console). - -The default terminal type (/etc/ttys, you may send the - -kill -1 1 - - -to send the signal. If this is your first time setting up the system, -though, you may want to wait until your modem(s) are properly -configured and connected before signaling Locked-Speed Config -

- -For a locked-speed configuration, your -ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" dialup on - - -If your modem is locked at a different data rate, substitute the -appropriate name for the std. entry for -/etc/gettytab for your modem's data rate. - -Matching-Speed Config -

- -In a matching-speed configuration, your /etc/gettytab. For example, if you added the above suggested -entry for a matching-speed modem that starts at 19.2 Kbps (the - -ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty V19200" dialup on - - -/etc/rc.serial or /etc/rc.local -

- -High-speed modems, like V.32, V.32bis, and V.34 modems, need to use -hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control. You can add /etc/rc.serial on FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 and up, or -/etc/rc.local on FreeBSD 1.1, to set the hardware flow -control flag in the FreeBSD kernel for the modem ports. - -For example, on a sample FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 system, -/etc/rc.serial reads: - - -#!/bin/sh -# -# Serial port initial configuration - -stty -f /dev/ttyid1 crtscts -stty -f /dev/cuai01 crtscts - - -which sets the -# Set serial ports to use RTS/CTS flow control -stty -f /dev/ttyd0 crtscts -stty -f /dev/ttyd1 crtscts -stty -f /dev/ttyd2 crtscts -stty -f /dev/ttyd3 crtscts - - -Since there is no initialization device special file on FreeBSD -1.1, one has to just set the flags on the sole device special file and -hope the flags are not cleared by a miscreant. - -Modem Settings -

- -If you have a modem whose parameters may be permanently set in -non-volatile RAM, you will need to use a terminal program (such as Telix -under PC-DOS or - - Disable XON/XOFF flow control - - Quiet mode (no result codes) - - No command echo - - - -Please read the documentation for your modem to find out what commands -and/or DIP switch settings you need to give it. - -For example, to set the above parameters on a USRobotics Sportster -14,400 external modem, one could give these commands to the modem: - - -ATZ -AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W - - -You might also want to take this opportunity to adjust other settings -in the modem, such as whether it will use V.42bis and/or MNP5 -compression. - -The USR Sportster 14,400 external modem also has some DIP switches -that need to be set; for other modems, perhaps you can use these -settings as an example: - - - - Switch 1: UP - DTR Normal - - Switch 2: Do not care (Verbal Result Codes/Numeric Result Codes) - - Switch 3: UP - Suppress Result Codes - - Switch 4: DOWN - No echo, offline commands - - Switch 5: UP - Auto Answer - - Switch 6: UP - Carrier Detect Normal - - Switch 7: UP - Load NVRAM Defaults - - Switch 8: Do not care (Smart Mode/Dumb Mode) - - - -Result codes should be disabled/suppressed for dialup modems to avoid -problems that can occur if Locked-speed Config -

- -For a locked-speed configuration, you will need to configure the modem -to maintain a constant modem-to-computer data rate independent of the -communications rate. On a USR Sportster 14,400 external modem, these -commands will lock the modem-to-computer data rate at the speed used -to issue the commands: - - -ATZ -AT&B1&W - - -Matching-speed Config -

- -For a variable-speed configuration, you will need to configure your -modem to adjust its serial port data rate to match the incoming call -rate. On a USR Sportster 14,400 external modem, these commands will -lock the modem's error-corrected data rate to the speed used to issue -the commands, but allow the serial port rate to vary for -non-error-corrected connections: - - -ATZ -AT&B2&W - - -Checking the Modem's Configuration -

- -Most high-speed modems provide commands to view the modem's current -operating parameters in a somewhat human-readable fashion. On the USR -Sportster 14,400 external modems, the command Troubleshooting -

- -Here are a few steps you can follow to check out the dialup modem on -your system. - -Checking out the FreeBSD system -

- -Hook up your modem to your FreeBSD system, boot the system, and, if -your modem has status indication lights, watch to see whether the -modem's - 114 ?? I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0 - 115 ?? I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd1 - - -If you see something different, like this: - - - 114 d0 I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0 - ^^ - - -and the modem has not accepted a call yet, this means that /etc/ttys to -see if there are any mistakes there. Also, check the log file -/var/log/messages to see if there are any log messages from -/etc/ttys and -/etc/gettytab, as well as the appropriate device special -files /dev/ttyd?, for any mistakes, missing entries, or -missing device special files. - -Try Dialing In -

- -Try dialing into the system; be sure to use 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop -bit on the remote system. If you do not get a prompt right away, or -get garbage, try pressing <Enter> about once per -second. If you still do not see a BREAK. If you are using a high-speed modem to -do the dialing, try dialing again after locking the dialing modem's -interface speed (via AT&B1 on a USR Sportster, for -example). - -If you still cannot get a /etc/gettytab again and double-check that - - - The initial capability name specified in /etc/ttys for -the line matches a name of a capability in /etc/gettytab - - Each Each - -If you dial but the modem on the FreeBSD system will not answer, make -sure that the modem is configured to answer the phone when Acknowledgments -

- -Thanks to these people for comments and advice: - - - -&a.kelly for a number of good suggestions - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/diskless.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/diskless.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index ad64c3c..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/diskless.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ - - - -Diskless operation - -

Contributed by &a.martin;. - - netboot.com/netboot.rom allow you to boot your - FreeBSD machine over the network and run FreeBSD without - having a disk on your client. Under 2.0 it is now - possible to have local swap. Swapping over NFS is also - still supported. - - Supported Ethernet cards include: Western Digital/SMC - 8003, 8013, 8216 and compatibles; NE1000/NE2000 and - compatibles (requires recompile) - - - Setup Instructions - -

- Find a machine that will be your server. This - machine will require enough disk space to hold the - FreeBSD 2.0 binaries and have bootp, tftp and NFS - services available. - - Tested machines: - - HP9000/8xx running HP-UX 9.04 or later (pre - 9.04 doesn't work) - Sun/Solaris 2.3. (you may need to get - bootp) - - - Set up a bootp server to provide the client with - IP, gateway, netmask. - -diskless:\ - :ht=ether:\ - :ha=0000c01f848a:\ - :sm=255.255.255.0:\ - :hn:\ - :ds=192.1.2.3:\ - :ip=192.1.2.4:\ - :gw=192.1.2.5:\ - :vm=rfc1048: - - - Set up a TFTP server (on same machine as bootp - server) to provide booting information to client. - The name of this file is cfg.X.X.X.X (or - /tftpboot/cfg.X.X.X.X, it will try both) - where X.X.X.X is the IP address of the - client. The contents of this file can be any valid - netboot commands. Under 2.0, netboot has the - following commands: - -help - print help list -ip - print/set client's IP address -server - print/set bootp/tftp server address -netmask - print/set netmask -hostname - print/set hostname -kernel - print/set kernel name -rootfs - print/set root filesystem -swapfs - print/set swap filesystem -swapsize - set diskless swapsize in Kbytes -diskboot - boot from disk -autoboot - continue boot process -trans - turn transceiver on|off -flags [bcdhsv] - set boot flags - - A typical completely diskless cfg file might contain: - -rootfs 192.1.2.3:/rootfs/myclient -swapfs 192.1.2.3:/swapfs -swapsize 20000 -hostname myclient.mydomain - - A cfg file for a machine with local swap might contain: - -rootfs 192.1.2.3:/rootfs/myclient -hostname myclient.mydomain - - - Ensure that your NFS server has exported the root - (and swap if applicable) filesystems to your client, - and that the client has root access to these - filesystems - - A typical /etc/exports file on FreeBSD might - look like: - -/rootfs/myclient -maproot=0:0 myclient.mydomain -/swapfs -maproot=0:0 myclient.mydomain - - - And on HP-UX: - -/rootfs/myclient -root=myclient.mydomain -/swapfs -root=myclient.mydomain - - - If you are swapping over NFS (completely diskless - configuration) create a swap file for your client - using dd. If your swapfs command has the - arguments /swapfs and the size 20000 as in the - example above, the swapfile for myclient will be called - /swapfs/swap.X.X.X.X where X.X.X.X - is the client's IP addr, eg: - -# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k count=20000 - - - Also, the client's swap space might contain sensitive - information once swapping starts, so make sure to - restrict read and write access to this file to prevent - unauthorized access: - -# chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 - - - Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the - client will use for its root filesystem - (/rootfs/myclient in the example above). - - - - On HP-UX systems: The server should be - running HP-UX 9.04 or later for HP9000/800 series - machines. Prior versions do not allow the - creation of device files over NFS. - - When extracting /dev in - /rootfs/myclient, beware that some - systems (HPUX) will not create device files that - FreeBSD is happy with. You may have to go to - single user mode on the first bootup (press - control-c during the bootup phase), cd - /dev and do a "sh ./MAKEDEV - all" from the client to fix this. - - - Run netboot.com on the client or make an EPROM - from the netboot.rom file - - - - Using Shared / and /usr filesystems - -

At present there isn't an officially sanctioned way of - doing this, although I have been using a shared /usr - filesystem and individual / filesystems for each client. - If anyone has any suggestions on how to do this cleanly, - please let me and/or the &a.core; know. - - - Compiling netboot for specific setups - -

Netboot can be compiled to support NE1000/2000 cards by - changing the configuration in - /sys/i386/boot/netboot/Makefile. See the - comments at the top of this file. - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/dma.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/dma.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 9893229..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/dma.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,535 +0,0 @@ - - - - - DMA: What it is and how it works - -

Copyright © 1995 &a.uhclem;, All Rights Reserved. - 10 December 1996. - - - - Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a method of allowing data to - be moved from one location to another in a computer without - intervention from the central processor (CPU). - - The way that the DMA function is implemented varies between - computer architectures, so this discussion will limit - itself to the implementation and workings of the DMA - subsystem on the IBM Personal Computer (PC), the IBM PC/AT - and all of its successors and clones. - - The PC DMA subsystem is based on the Intel 8237 DMA - controller. The 8237 contains four DMA channels that can - be programmed independently and any one of the channels may be - active at any moment. These channels are numbered 0, 1, 2 - and 3. Starting with the PC/AT, IBM added a second 8237 - chip, and numbered those channels 4, 5, 6 and 7. - - The original DMA controller (0, 1, 2 and 3) moves one byte - in each transfer. The second DMA controller (4, 5, 6, and - 7) moves 16-bits from two adjacent memory locations in each - transfer, with the first byte always coming from an even-numbered - address. The two controllers are identical components and the - difference in transfer size is caused by the way the second - controller is wired into the system. - - The 8237 has two electrical signals for each channel, named - DRQ and -DACK. There are additional signals with the - names HRQ (Hold Request), HLDA (Hold Acknowledge), -EOP - (End of Process), and the bus control signals -MEMR (Memory - Read), -MEMW (Memory Write), -IOR (I/O Read), and -IOW (I/O - Write). - - The 8237 DMA is known as a ``fly-by'' DMA controller. This - means that the data being moved from one location to - another does not pass through the DMA chip and is not - stored in the DMA chip. Subsequently, the DMA can only - transfer data between an I/O port and a memory address, but - not between two I/O ports or two memory locations. - - Note: The 8237 does allow two channels to - be connected together to allow memory-to-memory DMA - operations in a non-``fly-by'' mode, but nobody in the PC - industry uses this scarce resource this way since it is - faster to move data between memory locations using the - CPU. - - In the PC architecture, each DMA channel is normally - activated only when the hardware that uses that DMA - requests a transfer by asserting the DRQ line for that - channel. - - - A Sample DMA transfer - -

Here is an example of the steps that occur to cause a - DMA transfer. In this example, the floppy disk - controller (FDC) has just read a byte from a diskette and - wants the DMA to place it in memory at location - 0x00123456. The process begins by the FDC asserting the - DRQ2 signal to alert the DMA controller. - - The DMA controller will note that the DRQ2 signal is asserted. - The DMA controller will then make sure that DMA channel 2 - has been programmed and is enabled. The DMA controller - also makes sure that none of the other DMA channels are active - or have a higher priority. Once these checks are - complete, the DMA asks the CPU to release the bus so that - the DMA may use the bus. The DMA requests the bus by - asserting the HRQ signal which goes to the CPU. - - The CPU detects the HRQ signal, and will complete - executing the current instruction. Once the processor - has reached a state where it can release the bus, it - will. Now all of the signals normally generated by the - CPU (-MEMR, -MEMW, -IOR, -IOW and a few others) are - placed in a tri-stated condition (neither high or low) - and then the CPU asserts the HLDA signal which tells the - DMA controller that it is now in charge of the bus. - - Depending on the processor, the CPU may be able to - execute a few additional instructions now that it no - longer has the bus, but the CPU will eventually have to - wait when it reaches an instruction that must read - something from memory that is not in the internal - processor cache or pipeline. - - Now that the DMA ``is in charge'', the DMA activates its - -MEMR, -MEMW, -IOR, -IOW output signals, and the address - outputs from the DMA are set to 0x3456, which will be - used to direct the byte that is about to transferred to a - specific memory location. - - The DMA will then let the device that requested the DMA - transfer know that the transfer is commencing. This is - done by asserting the -DACK signal, or in the case of the - floppy disk controller, -DACK2 is asserted. - - The floppy disk controller is now responsible for placing - the byte to be transferred on the bus Data lines. Unless - the floppy controller needs more time to get the data - byte on the bus (and if the peripheral does need more time it - alerts the DMA via the READY signal), the DMA will wait - one DMA clock, and then de-assert the -MEMW and -IOR - signals so that the memory will latch and store the byte - that was on the bus, and the FDC will know that the byte - has been transferred. - - Since the DMA cycle only transfers a single byte at a - time, the FDC now drops the DRQ2 signal, so that the DMA - knows it is no longer needed. The DMA will de-assert the - -DACK2 signal, so that the FDC knows it must stop placing - data on the bus. - - The DMA will now check to see if any of the other DMA - channels have any work to do. If none of the channels - have their DRQ lines asserted, the DMA controller has - completed its work and will now tri-state the -MEMR, - -MEMW, -IOR, -IOW and address signals. - - Finally, the DMA will de-assert the HRQ signal. The CPU - sees this, and de-asserts the HOLDA signal. Now the CPU - activates its -MEMR, -MEMW, -IOR, -IOW and address lines, - and it resumes executing instructions and accessing main - memory and the peripherals. - - For a typical floppy disk sector, the above process is - repeated 512 times, once for each byte. Each time a byte - is transferred, the address register in the DMA is - incremented and the counter that shows how many bytes are - to be transferred is decremented. - - When the counter reaches zero, the DMA asserts the EOP - signal, which indicates that the counter has reached zero - and no more data will be transferred until the DMA - controller is reprogrammed by the CPU. This event is - also called the Terminal Count (TC). There is only one - EOP signal, because only one DMA channel can be active at - any instant. - - If a peripheral wants to generate an interrupt when the - transfer of a buffer is complete, it can test for its - -DACK signal and the EOP signal both being asserted at - the same time. When that happens, it means the DMA will not - transfer any more information for that peripheral without - intervention by the CPU. The peripheral can then assert - one of the interrupt signals to get the processors' - attention. The DMA chip itself is not capable of - generating an interrupt. The peripheral and its - associated hardware is responsible for generating any - interrupt that occurs. - - It is important to understand that although the CPU - always releases the bus to the DMA when the DMA makes the - request, this action is invisible to both applications - and the operating systems, except for slight changes in - the amount of time the processor takes to execute - instructions when the DMA is active. Subsequently, the - processor must poll the peripheral, poll the registers in - the DMA chip, or receive an interrupt from the peripheral - to know for certain when a DMA transfer has completed. - - -DMA Page Registers and 16Meg address space limitations - -

You may have noticed earlier that instead of the DMA - setting the address lines to 0x00123456 as we said - earlier, the DMA only set 0x3456. The reason for this - takes a bit of explaining. - - When the original IBM PC was designed, IBM elected to use - both DMA and interrupt controller chips that were - designed for use with the 8085, an 8-bit processor with - an address space of 16 bits (64K). Since the IBM PC - supported more than 64K of memory, something had to be - done to allow the DMA to read or write memory locations - above the 64K mark. What IBM did to solve this problem - was to add a latch for each DMA channel that holds the - upper bits of the address to be read to or written from. - Whenever a DMA channel is active, the contents of that - latch are written to the address bus and kept there until - the DMA operation for the channel ends. These latches - are called ``Page Registers''. - - So for our example above, the DMA would put the 0x3456 - part of the address on the bus, and the Page Register for - DMA channel 2 would put 0x0012xxxx on the bus. Together, - these two values form the complete address in memory that - is to be accessed. - - Because the Page Register latch is independent of the DMA - chip, the area of memory to be read or written must not - span a 64K physical boundary. If the DMA accesses memory - location 0xffff, after the transfer the DMA will then increment - the address register and the DMA will access the next byte at - location 0x0000, not 0x10000. The results of letting this - happen are probably not intended. - - Note: ``Physical'' 64K boundaries should - not be confused with 8086-mode 64K ``Segments'', which - are created by adding a segment register with an offset - register. Page Registers have no address overlap. - - To further complicate matters, the external DMA address - latches on the PC/AT hold only eight bits, so that gives - us 8+16=24 bits, which means that the DMA can only point - at memory locations between 0 and 16Meg. For newer - computers that allow more than 16Meg of memory, the - PC-compatible DMA cannot access memory locations above 16Meg. - - To get around this restriction, operating systems will - reserve a buffer in an area below 16Meg that also does not - span a physical 64K boundary. Then the DMA will be - programmed to transfer data from the peripheral and into that - buffer. Once the DMA has moved the data into this buffer, - the operating system will then copy the data from the buffer - to the address where the data is really supposed to be stored. - - When writing data from an address above 16Meg to a - DMA-based peripheral, the data must be first copied from - where it resides into a buffer located below 16Meg, and - then the DMA can copy the data from the buffer to the - hardware. In FreeBSD, these reserved buffers are called - ``Bounce Buffers''. In the MS-DOS world, they are - sometimes called ``Smart Buffers''. - - - DMA Operational Modes and Settings - -

The 8237 DMA can be operated in several modes. The main - ones are: - - - - Block/Demand Once the DMA acquires the - system bus, an entire block of data is transferred, - up to a maximum of 64K. If the peripheral needs - additional time, it can assert the READY signal to - suspend the transfer briefly. READY should not be - used excessively, and for slow peripheral transfers, - the Single Transfer Mode should be used instead. - - The difference between Block and Demand is that once a - Block transfer is started, it runs until the transfer - count reaches zero. DRQ only needs to be asserted - until -DACK is asserted. Demand Mode will transfer - one more bytes until DRQ is de-asserted and the DMA - pauses the transfer and releases the bus back to the CPU. - When DRQ is asserted later, the transfer resumes where - it was suspended. - - Older hard disk controllers used Demand Mode until - CPU speeds increased to the point that it was more - efficient to transfer the data using the CPU, particularly - if the memory locations used in the transfer were above the - 16Meg mark. - - - Cascade This mechanism allows a DMA channel - to request the bus, but then the attached peripheral - device is responsible for placing the addressing - information on the bus instead of the DMA. This is also - known as ``Bus Mastering''. - - When a DMA channel in Cascade Mode receives control - of the bus, the DMA does not place addresses and I/O - control signals on the bus like the DMA normally does - when it is active. Instead, the DMA only asserts the - -DACK signal for this channel. - - At this point it is up to the device connected to that DMA - channel to provide address and bus control signals. - The peripheral has complete control over the system - bus, and can do reads and/or writes to any address - below 16Meg. When the peripheral is finished with - the bus, it de-asserts the DRQ line, and the DMA - controller can return control to the CPU or to some - other DMA channel. - - Cascade Mode can be used to chain multiple DMA - controllers together, and this is exactly what DMA - Channel 4 is used for in the PC. When a peripheral - requests the bus on DMA channels 0, 1, 2 or 3, the - slave DMA controller asserts HLDREQ, but this wire is - actually connected to DRQ4 on the primary DMA - controller. The primary DMA controller then requests - the bus from the CPU using HLDREQ. Once the bus is - granted, -DACK4 is asserted, and that wire is - actually connected to the HLDA signal on the slave - DMA controller. The slave DMA controller then - transfers data for the DMA channel that requested it, - or the slave DMA may grant the bus to a peripheral - that wants to perform its own bus-mastering, such as - a SCSI controller. - - Because of this wiring arrangement, only DMA channels - 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 are usable on PC/AT systems. - - Note: DMA channel 0 was reserved for - refresh operations in early IBM PC computers, but - is generally available for use by peripherals in - modern systems. - - When a peripheral is performing Bus Mastering, it is - important that the peripheral transmit data to or - from memory constantly while it holds the system bus. - If the peripheral cannot do this, it must release the - bus frequently so that the system can perform refresh - operations on main memory. - - The Dynamic RAM used in all PCs for main memory must be - accessed frequently to keep the bits stored in the - components "charged". Dynamic RAM essentially consists - of millions of capacitors with each one holding one bit - of data. These capacitors are charged with power to - represent a "1" or drained to represent a "0". Because - all capacitors leak, power must be added at regular intervals - to keep the "1" values intact. The RAM chips actually handle - the task of pumping power back into all of the appropriate - locations in RAM, but they must be told when to do it by - the rest of the computer so that the refresh activity won't - interfere with the computer wanting to access RAM normally. - If the computer is unable to refresh memory, the contents - of memory will become corrupted in just a few milliseconds. - - Since memory read and write cycles ``count'' as refresh - cycles (a dynamic RAM refresh cycle is actually an incomplete - memory read cycle), as long as the peripheral - controller continues reading or writing data to - sequential memory locations, that action will refresh - all of memory. - - Bus-mastering is found in some SCSI host interfaces and - other high-performance peripheral controllers. - - - Autoinitialize This mode causes the DMA to - perform Byte, Block or Demand transfers, but when the - DMA transfer counter reaches zero, the counter and - address are set back to where they were when the DMA - channel was originally programmed. This means that - as long as the peripheral requests transfers, they will - be granted. It is up to the CPU to move new data - into the fixed buffer ahead of where the DMA is about - to transfer it when doing output operations, and read new - data out of the buffer behind where the DMA is writing - when doing input operations. - - This technique is frequently used on audio devices that - have small or no hardware ``sample'' buffers. There is - additional CPU overhead to manage this ``circular'' buffer, - but in some cases this may be the only way to eliminate the - latency that occurs when the DMA counter reaches zero - and the DMA stops transfers until it is reprogrammed. - - - Programming the DMA - -

The DMA channel that is to be programmed should always - be ``masked'' before loading any settings. This is because - the hardware might unexpectedly assert DRQ, and the DMA might - respond, even though not all of the parameters have been - loaded or updated. - - Once masked, the host must specify the direction of the - transfer (memory-to-I/O or I/O-to-memory), what mode of - DMA operation is to be used for the transfer (Single, - Block, Demand, Cascade, etc), and finally the address and - length of the transfer are loaded. The length that is - loaded is one less than the amount you expect the DMA to - transfer. The LSB and MSB of the address and length are - written to the same 8-bit I/O port, so another port must - be written to first to guarantee that the DMA accepts the - first byte as the LSB and the second byte as the MSB of - the length and address. - - Then, be sure to update the Page Register, which is - external to the DMA and is accessed through a different - set of I/O ports. - - Once all the settings are ready, the DMA channel can be - un-masked. That DMA channel is now considered to be - ``armed'', and will respond when DRQ is asserted. - - Refer to a hardware data book for precise programming - details for the 8237. You will also need to refer to the - I/O port map for the PC system, which describes where - the DMA and Page Register ports are located. A complete - table is located below. - - - DMA Port Map - -

All systems based on the IBM-PC and PC/AT have the DMA - hardware located at the same I/O ports. The complete - list is provided below. Ports assigned to DMA Controller - #2 are undefined on non-AT designs. - -0x00 - 0x1f DMA Controller #1 (Channels 0, 1, 2 and 3) - -

DMA Address and Count Registers - - -0x00 write Channel 0 starting address -0x00 read Channel 0 current address -0x02 write Channel 0 starting word count -0x02 read Channel 0 remaining word count - -0x04 write Channel 1 starting address -0x04 read Channel 1 current address -0x06 write Channel 1 starting word count -0x06 read Channel 1 remaining word count - -0x08 write Channel 2 starting address -0x08 read Channel 2 current address -0x0a write Channel 2 starting word count -0x0a read Channel 2 remaining word count - -0x0c write Channel 3 starting address -0x0c read Channel 3 current address -0x0e write Channel 3 starting word count -0x0e read Channel 3 remaining word count - - -DMA Command Registers - - -0x10 write Command Register -0x10 read Status Register -0x12 write Request Register -0x12 read - -0x14 write Single Mask Register Bit -0x14 read - -0x16 write Mode Register -0x16 read - -0x18 write Clear LSB/MSB Flip-Flop -0x18 read - -0x1a write Master Clear/Reset -0x1a read Temporary Register -0x1c write Clear Mask Register -0x1c read - -0x1e write Write All Mask Register Bits -0x1e read - - - -0xc0 - 0xdf DMA Controller #2 (Channels 4, 5, 6 and 7) - -

DMA Address and Count Registers - - -0xc0 write Channel 4 starting address -0xc0 read Channel 4 current address -0xc2 write Channel 4 starting word count -0xc2 read Channel 4 remaining word count - -0xc4 write Channel 5 starting address -0xc4 read Channel 5 current address -0xc6 write Channel 5 starting word count -0xc6 read Channel 5 remaining word count - -0xc8 write Channel 6 starting address -0xc8 read Channel 6 current address -0xca write Channel 6 starting word count -0xca read Channel 6 remaining word count - -0xcc write Channel 7 starting address -0xcc read Channel 7 current address -0xce write Channel 7 starting word count -0xce read Channel 7 remaining word count - - -DMA Command Registers - - -0xd0 write Command Register -0xd0 read Status Register -0xd2 write Request Register -0xd2 read - -0xd4 write Single Mask Register Bit -0xd4 read - -0xd6 write Mode Register -0xd6 read - -0xd8 write Clear LSB/MSB Flip-Flop -0xd8 read - -0xda write Master Clear/Reset -0xda read Temporary Register -0xdc write Clear Mask Register -0xdc read - -0xde write Write All Mask Register Bits -0xde read - - - -0x80 - 0x9f DMA Page Registers - -

-0x87 r/w DMA Channel 0 -0x83 r/w DMA Channel 1 -0x81 r/w DMA Channel 2 -0x82 r/w DMA Channel 3 - -0x8b r/w DMA Channel 5 -0x89 r/w DMA Channel 6 -0x8a r/w DMA Channel 7 - -0x8f Refresh - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/eresources.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/eresources.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 3de5724..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/eresources.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,459 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Resources on the Internet - -

Contributed by &a.jkh;. - -

The rapid pace of FreeBSD progress makes print media impractical as a - means of following the latest developments. Electronic resources are - the best, if not often the only, way stay informed of the latest advances. - Since FreeBSD is a volunteer effort, the user community itself also - generally serves as a `technical support department' of sorts, with - electronic mail and USENET news being the most effective way of reaching - that community. - - The most important points of contact with the FreeBSD - user community are outlined below. If you are aware of other - resources not mentioned here, please send them to the &a.doc - so that they may also be included. - - - Mailing lists - -

Though many of the FreeBSD development members read USENET, we cannot -always guarantee that we will get to your questions in a timely fashion -(or at all) if you post them only to one of the comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.* -groups. By addressing your questions to the appropriate mailing list -you will reach both us and a concentrated FreeBSD audience, invariably -assuring a better (or at least faster) response. - -

The charters for the various lists are given at the bottom of this -document. Please read the charter before joining or sending -mail to any list. Most of our list subscribers now receive many hundreds -of FreeBSD related messages every day, and by setting down charters -and rules for proper use we are striving to keep the signal-to-noise ratio -of the lists high. To do less would see the mailing lists ultimately fail -as an effective communications medium for the project. - -Archives are kept for all of the mailing lists and can be searched -using the . The keyword searchable archive -offers an excellent way of finding answers to frequently asked -questions and should be consulted before posting a question. - -List summary - -

General lists: The following are general lists which -anyone is free to join: - -List Purpose ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -freebsd-announce Important events and project milestones -freebsd-bugs Bug reports -freebsd-chat Non-technical items related to the FreeBSD community -freebsd-current Discussion concerning the use of FreeBSD-current -freebsd-stable Discussion concerning the use of FreeBSD-stable -freebsd-isp Issues for Internet Service Providers using FreeBSD -freebsd-questions User questions - - -Technical lists: The following lists are for technical discussion. -You should read the charter for each list carefully before joining or -sending mail to one as there are firm guidelines for their use and content. - -List Purpose ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -freebsd-doc The FreeBSD Documentation project -freebsd-emulation Emulation of other systems such as Linux/DOS/Windows -freebsd-fs Filesystems -freebsd-hackers General technical discussion -freebsd-hardware General discussion of hardware for running FreeBSD -freebsd-mobile Discussions about mobile computing -freebsd-multimedia Multimedia discussion -freebsd-platforms Concerning ports to non-Intel architecture platforms -freebsd-ports Discussion of the ports collection -freebsd-security Security issues -freebsd-security-notifications - Security notifications (moderated mailing list) -freebsd-scsi The SCSI subsystem -freebsd-smp Design discussions for [A]Symmetric MultiProcessing - - -Limited lists: The following lists require approval from - to join, -though anyone is free to send messages to them which fall within the -scope of their charters. It is also a good idea establish a presence -in the technical lists before asking to join one of these limited lists. - -List Purpose ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -freebsd-admin Administrative issues -freebsd-arch Architecture and design discussions -freebsd-core FreeBSD core team -freebsd-hubs People running mirror sites (infrastructural support) -freebsd-install Installation development -freebsd-user-groups User group coordination - - -CVS lists: The following lists are for people interested in -seeing the log messages for changes to various areas of the source tree. -They are Read-Only lists and should not have mail sent to them. - - -List name Source area Area Description (source for) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -cvs-CVSROOT /usr/src/[A-Z]* Top level /usr/src file changes -cvs-all /usr/src All changes to the tree (superset) -cvs-bin /usr/src/bin System binaries -cvs-etc /usr/src/etc System files -cvs-games /usr/src/games Games -cvs-gnu /usr/src/gnu GPL'd utilities -cvs-include /usr/src/include Include files -cvs-kerberosIV /usr/src/kerberosIV Kerberos encryption code -cvs-lib /usr/src/lib System libraries -cvs-libexec /usr/src/libexec System binaries -cvs-ports /usr/ports Ported software -cvs-sbin /usr/src/sbin System binaries -cvs-share /usr/src/share System shared files -cvs-sys /usr/src/sys Kernel -cvs-usrbin /usr/src/usr.bin Use binaries -cvs-usrsbin /usr/src/usr.sbin System binaries - - -How to subscribe - -

All mailing lists live on FreeBSD.ORG, so to post to a -given list you simply mail to listname@FreeBSD.ORG. It -will then be redistributed to mailing list members world-wide. - -To subscribe to a list, send mail to &a.majordomo and include - -subscribe [] - -In the body of your message. For example, to subscribe yourself to -freebsd-announce, you'd do: - -% mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG -subscribe freebsd-announce -^D - -If you want to subscribe yourself under a different name, or submit a -subscription request for a local mailing list (note: this is more efficient -if you have several interested parties at one site, and highly appreciated by -us!), you would do something like: - -% mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG -subscribe freebsd-announce local-announce@somesite.com -^D - -Finally, it is also possible to unsubscribe yourself from a list, get a -list of other list members or see the list of mailing lists again by -sending other types of control messages to majordomo. For a complete -list of available commands, do this: - -% mail majordomo@FreeBSD.ORG -help -^D - -Again, we would like to request that you keep discussion in the technical mailing -lists on a technical track. If you are only interested in the "high points" -then it is suggested that you join freebsd-announce, which is intended only -for infrequent traffic. - -List charters - -

AllFreeBSD mailing lists have certain basic rules -which must be adhered to by anyone using them. Failure to comply -with these guidelines will result in two (2) written warnings from the -FreeBSD , -after which, on a third offense, the poster will removed from all -FreeBSD mailing lists and filtered from further posting to them. -We regret that such rules and measures are necessary at all, but -today's Internet is a pretty harsh environment, it would seem, and -many fail to appreciate just how fragile some of its mechanisms are. - -

Rules of the road: - -The topic of any posting should adhere to the basic charter of the list - it is posted to, e.g. if the list is about technical issues then your - posting should contain technical discussion. Ongoing irrelevant chatter - or flaming only detracts from the value of the mailing list for everyone - on it and will not be tolerated. For free-form discussion on no - particular topic, the mailing list is freely available and should - be used instead. - -No posting should be made to more than 2 mailing lists, and only - to 2 when a clear and obvious need to post to both lists exists. - For most lists, there is already a great deal of subscriber overlap - and except for the most esoteric mixes (say "-stable & -scsi"), there - really is no reason to post to more than one list at a time. - If a message is sent to you in such a way that multiple mailing lists - appear on the Cc line then the cc line should also be trimmed before - sending it out again. - You are still responsible for your own cross-postings, no - matter who the originator might have been. - -Personal attacks and profanity (in the context of an argument) are - not allowed, and that includes users and developers alike. Gross - breaches of netiquette, like excerpting or reposting private mail - when permission to do so was not and would not be forthcoming, - are frowned upon but not specifically enforced. However, - there are also very few cases where such content would fit within the - charter of a list and it would therefore probably rate a warning - (or ban) on that basis alone. - -Advertising of non-FreeBSD related products or services is - strictly prohibited and will result in an immediate ban if it - is clear that the offender is advertising by spam. - - - -

Individual list charters: - -

- -Administrative issues -This list is purely for discussion of freebsd.org related issues -and to report problems or abuse of project resources. It is a closed -list, though anyone may report a problem (with our systems!) to it. - -Important events / milestones -This is the mailing list for people interested only in occasional -announcements of significant freebsd events. This includes -announcements about snapshots and other releases. It contains -announcements of new FreeBSD capabilities. It may contain calls -for volunteers etc. This is a low volume, strictly moderated mailing list. - -Architecture and design discussions -This is the mailing list for people discussing FreeBSD architectural -issues. It is a closed list, and not for general subscription. - -Bug reports -This is the mailing list for reporting bugs in FreeBSD -Whenever possible, bugs should be submitted using the "send-pr(1)" -command or the to it. - -Non technical items related to the - FreeBSD community -This list contains the overflow from the other lists about -non-technical, social information. It includes discussion about -whether Jordan looks like a toon ferret or not, whether or not to -type in capitals, who is drinking too much coffee, where the best -beer is brewed, who is brewing beer in their basement, and so on. -Occasional announcements of important events (such as upcoming -parties, weddings, births, new jobs, etc) can be made to the -technical lists, but the follow ups should be directed to this --chat list. - -FreeBSD core team -This is an internal mailing list for use by the core members. -Messages can be sent to it when a serious FreeBSD-related matter -requires arbitration or high-level scrutiny. - -Discussions about the use of -FreeBSD-current This is the mailing list for users -of freebsd-current. It includes warnings about new features -coming out in -current that will affect the users, and -instructions on steps that must be taken to remain -current. -Anyone running "current" must subscribe to this list. -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Discussions about the use of -FreeBSD-current This is the digest version of the -freebsd-current mailing list. The digest consists of all -messages sent to freebsd-current bundled together and mailed out -as a single message. The average digest size is about 40kB. -This list is Read-Only and should not be posted to. - -Discussions about the use of -FreeBSD-stable This is the mailing list for users -of freebsd-stable. It includes warnings about new features -coming out in -stable that will affect the users, and -instructions on steps that must be taken to remain -stable. -Anyone running ``stable'' should subscribe to this list. -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Documentation project -This mailing list belongs to the FreeBSD Doc Project and is for -the discussion of documentation related issues and projects. - -Filesystems -Discussions concerning FreeBSD filesystems. -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Technical discussions -This is a forum for technical discussions related to FreeBSD. This -is the primary technical mailing list. It -is for individuals actively working on FreeBSD, to bring up problems -or discuss alternative solutions. Individuals interested in -following the technical discussion are also welcome. -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Technical -discussions This is the digest version of the -freebsd-hackers mailing list. The digest consists of all -messages sent to freebsd-hackers bundled together and mailed out -as a single message. The average digest size is about 40kB. -This list is Read-Only and should not be posted to. - -General discussion of FreeBSD -hardware General discussion about the types of -hardware that FreeBSD runs on, various problems and suggestions -concerning what to buy or avoid. - -Installation discussion -This mailing list is for discussing FreeBSD installation -development for the future releases and is closed. - -Issues for Internet Service Providers -This mailing list is for discussing topics relevant to Internet -Service Providers (ISPs) using FreeBSD. -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Multimedia discussions -This is a forum about multimedia applications using FreeBSD. -Discussion center around multimedia applications, their installation, their -development and their support within FreeBSD -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Porting to Non-Intel -platforms Cross-platform freebsd issues, general -discussion and proposals for non-Intel FreeBSD ports. -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Discussion of "ports" -Discussions concerning FreeBSD's "ports collection" (/usr/ports), proposed -ports, modifications to ports collection infrastructure and general -coordination efforts. -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -User questions -This is the mailing list for questions about FreeBSD. You should not -send "how to" questions to the technical lists unless you consider the -question to be pretty technical. - -User questions -This is the digest version of the freebsd-questions mailing list. -The digest consists of all messages sent to freebsd-questions -bundled together and mailed out as a single message. The average -digest size is about 40kB. - -SCSI subsystem -This is the mailing list for people working on the scsi subsystem -for FreeBSD. -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Security issues -FreeBSD computer security issues (DES, Kerberos, known security holes and -fixes, etc). -This is a technical mailing list for which strictly technical -content is expected. - -Security Notifications -Notifications of FreeBSD security problems and fixes. This is not -a discussion list. The discussion list is FreeBSD-security. - -User Group Coordination List -This is the mailing list for the coordinators from each of the -local area Users Groups to discuss matters with each other and a -designated individual from the Core Team. This mail list should -be limited to meeting synopsis and coordination of projects that span -User Groups. It is a closed list. - - - - - Usenet newsgroups - -

In addition to two FreeBSD specific newsgroups, there - are many others in which FreeBSD is discussed or are - otherwise relevant to FreeBSD users. are available for - some of these newsgroups from courtesy of Warren Toomey - <wkt@cs.adfa.oz.au>. - - - BSD specific newsgroups - -

- - - - - - Other Unix newsgroups of interest - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X Window System - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - World Wide Web servers - -

- - Central Server. - - Australia. - - Brazil. - - Canada. - - Czech Republic. - - Denmark. - - Estonia. - - Finland. - - Germany. - - Ireland. - - Japan. - - Korea. - - Netherlands. - - Portugal. - - Sweden. - - Taiwan. - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/esdi.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/esdi.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index a7ca386..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/esdi.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,421 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - Using ESDI hard disks - -

Copyright © 1995, &a.wilko;.24 September 1995. - - ESDI is an acronym that means Enhanced Small Device Interface. - It is loosely based on the good old ST506/412 interface originally - devised by Seagate Technology, the makers of the first affordable - 5.25" winchester disk. - - The acronym says Enhanced, and rightly so. In the first place - the speed of the interface is higher, 10 or 15 Mbits/second - instead of the 5 Mbits/second of ST412 interfaced drives. - Secondly some higher level commands are added, making the ESDI - interface somewhat 'smarter' to the operating system driver - writers. It is by no means as smart as SCSI by the way. ESDI - is standardized by ANSI. - - Capacities of the drives are boosted by putting more sectors - on each track. Typical is 35 sectors per track, high capacity - drives I have seen were up to 54 sectors/track. - - Although ESDI has been largely obsoleted by IDE and SCSI interfaces, - the availability of free or cheap surplus drives makes them - ideal for low (or now) budget systems. - - Concepts of ESDI -

- Physical connections -

- The ESDI interface uses two cables connected to each drive. - One cable is a 34 pin flat cable edge connector that carries - the command and status signals from the controller to the - drive and vice-versa. The command cable is daisy chained - between all the drives. So, it forms a bus onto which all - drives are connected. - - The second cable is a 20 pin flat cable edge connector that - carries the data to and from the drive. This cable is radially - connected, so each drive has its own direct connection to the - controller. - - To the best of my knowledge PC ESDI controllers are limited - to using a maximum of 2 drives per controller. This is - compatibility feature(?) left over from the WD1003 standard - that reserves only a single bit for device addressing. - - Device addressing -

- On each command cable a maximum of 7 devices and 1 controller - can be present. To enable the controller to uniquely - identify which drive it addresses, each ESDI device is equipped - with jumpers or switches to select the devices address. - - On PC type controllers the first drive is set to address 0, - the second disk to address 1. Always make sure you - set each disk to an unique address! So, on a PC with its - two drives/controller maximum the first drive is drive 0, the - second is drive 1. - - Termination -

- The daisy chained command cable (the 34 pin cable remember?) - needs to be terminated at the last drive on the chain. - For this purpose ESDI drives come with a termination resistor - network that can be removed or disabled by a jumper when it - is not used. - - So, one and only one drive, the one at - the farthest end of the command - cable has its terminator installed/enabled. The controller - automatically terminates the other end of the cable. - Please note that this implies that the controller must be - at one end of the cable and not in the middle. - - Using ESDI disks with FreeBSD -

- Why is ESDI such a pain to get working in the first place? - - People who tried ESDI disks with FreeBSD are known to have - developed a profound sense of frustration. A combination of - factors works against you to produce effects that are - hard to understand when you have never seen them before. - - This has also led to the popular legend ESDI and FreeBSD - is a plain NO-GO. - The following sections try to list all the pitfalls and - solutions. - - ESDI speed variants -

- As briefly mentioned before, ESDI comes in two speed flavors. - The older drives and controllers use a 10 Mbits/second - data transfer rate. Newer stuff uses 15 Mbits/second. - - It is not hard to imagine that 15 Mbits/second drive cause - problems on controllers laid out for 10 Mbits/second. - As always, consult your controller and drive - documentation to see if things match. - - Stay on track -

- Mainstream ESDI drives use 34 to 36 sectors per track. - Most (older) controllers cannot handle more than this - number of sectors. - Newer, higher capacity, drives use higher numbers of sectors - per track. For instance, I own a 670 Mb drive that has - 54 sectors per track. - - In my case, the controller could not handle this number - of sectors. It proved to work well except that it only - used 35 sectors on each track. This meant losing a - lot of disk space. - - Once again, check the documentation of your hardware for - more info. Going out-of-spec like in the example might - or might not work. Give it a try or get another more - capable controller. - - Hard or soft sectoring -

- Most ESDI drives allow hard or soft sectoring to be - selected using a jumper. Hard sectoring means that the - drive will produce a sector pulse on the start of each - new sector. The controller uses this pulse to tell when - it should start to write or read. - - Hard sectoring allows a selection of sector size (normally - 256, 512 or 1024 bytes per formatted sector). FreeBSD uses - 512 byte sectors. The number of sectors per track also varies - while still using the same number of bytes per formatted sector. - The number of unformatted bytes per sector varies, - dependent on your controller it needs more or less overhead - bytes to work correctly. Pushing more sectors on a track - of course gives you more usable space, but might give - problems if your controller needs more bytes than the - drive offers. - - In case of soft sectoring, the controller itself determines - where to start/stop reading or writing. For ESDI - hard sectoring is the default (at least on everything - I came across). I never felt the urge to try soft sectoring. - - In general, experiment with sector settings before you install - FreeBSD because you need to re-run the low-level format - after each change. - - Low level formatting -

- ESDI drives need to be low level formatted before they - are usable. A reformat is needed whenever you figgle - with the number of sectors/track jumpers or the - physical orientation of the drive (horizontal, vertical). - So, first think, then format. - The format time must not be underestimated, for big - disks it can take hours. - - After a low level format, a surface scan is done to - find and flag bad sectors. Most disks have a - manufacturer bad block list listed on a piece of paper - or adhesive sticker. In addition, on most disks the - list is also written onto the disk. - Please use the manufacturer's list. It is much easier - to remap a defect now than after FreeBSD is installed. - - Stay away from low-level formatters that mark all - sectors of a track as bad as soon as they find one - bad sector. Not only does this waste space, it also - and more importantly causes you grief with bad144 - (see the section on bad144). - - Translations -

- Translations, although not exclusively a ESDI-only problem, - might give you real trouble. - Translations come in multiple flavors. Most of them - have in common that they attempt to work around the - limitations posed upon disk geometries by the original - IBM PC/AT design (thanks IBM!). - - First of all there is the (in)famous 1024 cylinder limit. - For a system to be able to boot, the stuff (whatever - operating system) must be in the first 1024 cylinders - of a disk. Only 10 bits are available to encode the - cylinder number. For the number of sectors the limit - is 64 (0-63). - When you combine the 1024 cylinder limit with the 16 head - limit (also a design feature) you max out at fairly limited - disk sizes. - - To work around this problem, the manufacturers of ESDI - PC controllers added a BIOS prom extension on their boards. - This BIOS extension handles disk I/O for booting (and for - some operating systems all disk I/O) by using - translation. For instance, a big drive might be presented - to the system as having 32 heads and 64 sectors/track. - The result is that the number of cylinders is reduced to - something below 1024 and is therefore usable by the system - without problems. - It is noteworthy to know that FreeBSD does not use the - BIOS after its kernel has started. More on this later. - - A second reason for translations is the fact that most - older system BIOSes could only handle drives with 17 sectors - per track (the old ST412 standard). Newer system BIOSes - usually have a user-defined drive type (in most cases this is - drive type 47). - - Whatever you do to translations after reading this document, - keep in mind that if you have multiple operating systems on the - same disk, all must use the same translation - - While on the subject of translations, I have seen one controller - type (but there are probably more like this) offer the option - to logically split a drive in multiple partitions as a BIOS - option. I had select 1 drive == 1 partition because this - controller wrote this info onto the disk. On power-up it - read the info and presented itself to the system based on - the info from the disk. - - Spare sectoring -

- Most ESDI controllers offer the possibility to remap bad sectors. - During/after the low-level format of the disk bad sectors are - marked as such, and a replacement sector is put in place - (logically of course) of the bad one. - - In most cases the remapping is done by using N-1 sectors on - each track for actual data storage, and sector N itself is - the spare sector. N is the total number of sectors physically - available on the track. - The idea behind this is that the operating system sees - a 'perfect' disk without bad sectors. In the case of - FreeBSD this concept is not usable. - - The problem is that the translation from bad to good - is performed by the BIOS of the ESDI controller. FreeBSD, - being a true 32 bit operating system, does not use the BIOS - after it has been booted. Instead, it has device drivers that - talk directly to the hardware. - - So: don't use spare sectoring, bad block remapping or - whatever it may be called by the controller manufacturer when you - want to use the disk for FreeBSD. - - Bad block handling -

- The preceding section leaves us with a problem. The controller's - bad block handling is not usable and still FreeBSD's filesystems - assume perfect media without any flaws. - To solve this problem, FreeBSD use the bad144 tool. - Bad144 (named after a Digital Equipment standard for bad block - handling) scans a FreeBSD slice for bad blocks. Having found - these bad blocks, it writes a table with the offending block - numbers to the end of the FreeBSD slice. - - When the disk is in operation, the disk accesses are checked - against the table read from the disk. Whenever a block number - is requested that is in the bad144 list, a replacement block - (also from the end of the FreeBSD slice) is used. - In this way, the bad144 replacement scheme presents 'perfect' - media to the FreeBSD filesystems. - - There are a number of potential pitfalls associated with - the use of bad144. - First of all, the slice cannot have more than 126 bad sectors. - If your drive has a high number of bad sectors, you might need - to divide it into multiple FreeBSD slices each containing less - than 126 bad sectors. Stay away from low-level format programs - that mark every sector of a track as bad when - they find a flaw on the track. As you can imagine, the - 126 limit is quickly reached when the low-level format is done - this way. - - Second, if the slice contains the root filesystem, the slice - should be within the 1024 cylinder BIOS limit. During the - boot process the bad144 list is read using the BIOS and this - only succeeds when the list is within the 1024 cylinder limit. - Note that the restriction is not that only the root - filesystem must be within the 1024 cylinder limit, but - rather the entire slice that contains the root filesystem. - - - Kernel configuration -

- ESDI disks are handled by the same wddriver as - IDE and ST412 MFM disks. The wd driver should work - for all WD1003 compatible interfaces. - - Most hardware is jumperable for one of two different I/O - address ranges and IRQ lines. This allows you to have - two wd type controllers in one system. - - When your hardware allows non-standard strappings, you - can use these with FreeBSD as long as you enter the - correct info into the kernel config file. - An example from the kernel config file (they live in - /sys/i386/conf BTW). - - -# First WD compatible controller -controller wdc0 at isa? port "IO_WD1" bio irq 14 vector wdintr -disk wd0 at wdc0 drive 0 -disk wd1 at wdc0 drive 1 - -# Second WD compatible controller -controller wdc1 at isa? port "IO_WD2" bio irq 15 vector wdintr -disk wd2 at wdc1 drive 0 -disk wd3 at wdc1 drive 1 - - - - - Particulars on ESDI hardware -

- Adaptec 2320 controllers -

- I successfully installed FreeBSD onto a ESDI disk controlled by a - ACB-2320. No other operating system was present on the disk. - - To do so I low level formatted the disk using NEFMT.EXE - (ftpable from www.adaptec.com) and answered NO - to the question whether the disk should be formatted with a - spare sector on each track. The BIOS on the ACD-2320 was - disabled. I used the 'free configurable' option in the system - BIOS to allow the BIOS to boot it. - - Before using NEFMT.EXE I tried to format the disk using the - ACB-2320 BIOS builtin formatter. This proved to be a show stopper, - because it did not give me an option to disable spare sectoring. - With spare sectoring enabled the FreeBSD installation - process broke down on the bad144 run. - - Please check carefully which ACB-232xy variant you have. The - x is either 0 or 2, indicating a controller without or with - a floppy controller on board. - - The y is more interesting. It can either be a blank, - a "A-8" or a "D". A blank indicates a plain 10 Mbits/second - controller. An "A-8" indicates a 15 Mbits/second controller - capable of handling 52 sectors/track. - A "D" means a 15 Mbits/second controller that can also - handle drives with > 36 sectors/track (also 52 ?). - - All variations should be capable of using 1:1 interleaving. Use 1:1, - FreeBSD is fast enough to handle it. - - Western Digital WD1007 controllers -

- I successfully installed FreeBSD onto a ESDI disk controlled by a - WD1007 controller. To be precise, it was a WD1007-WA2. Other - variations of the WD1007 do exist. - - To get it to work, I had to disable the sector translation and - the WD1007's onboard BIOS. This implied I could not use - the low-level formatter built into this BIOS. Instead, I grabbed - WDFMT.EXE from www.wdc.com Running this formatted my drive - just fine. - - Ultrastor U14F controllers -

- According to multiple reports from the net, Ultrastor ESDI - boards work OK with FreeBSD. I lack any further info on - particular settings. - - - - Further reading

- If you intend to do some serious ESDI hacking, you might want to - have the official standard at hand: - - The latest ANSI X3T10 committee document is: - -Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI) [X3.170-1990/X3.170a-1991] - [X3T10/792D Rev 11] - - On Usenet the newsgroup is a noteworthy place to look - for more info. - - The World Wide Web (WWW) also proves to be a very handy info source: - For info on Adaptec ESDI controllers see . - For info on Western Digital controllers see . - - Thanks to... -

- Andrew Gordon for sending me an Adaptec 2320 controller and ESDI disk - for testing. - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/firewalls.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/firewalls.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 125b8ce..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/firewalls.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,528 +0,0 @@ - - - -Firewalls - -

Contributed by &a.gpalmer; and &a.alex;. - -Firewalls are an area of increasing interest for people who are -connected to the Internet, and are even finding applications on -private networks to provide enhanced security. This section will -hopefully explain what firewalls are, how to use them, and how to use -the facilities provided in the FreeBSD kernel to implement them. - -Note: People often think that having a firewall between -your companies internal network and the ``Big Bad Internet'' will -solve all your security problems. It may help, but a poorly setup -firewall system is more of a security risk than not having one at all. -A firewall can only add another layer of security to your systems, but -they will not be able to stop a really determined hacker from -penetrating your internal network. If you let internal security lapse -because you believe your firewall to be impenetrable, you have just -made the hackers job that bit easier. - -What is a firewall? - -

There are currently two distinct types of firewalls in common -use on the Internet today. The first type is more properly called -a packet filtering router, where the kernel on a -multi-homed machine chooses whether to forward or block packets -based on a set of rules. The second type, known as proxy -servers, rely on daemons to provide authentication and to -forward packets, possibly on a multi-homed machine which has -kernel packet forwarding disabled. - -

Sometimes sites combine the two types of firewalls, so that only a -certain machine (known as a bastion host) is allowed to send -packets through a packet filtering router onto an internal -network. Proxy services are run on the bastion host, which are -generally more secure than normal authentication mechanisms. - -

FreeBSD comes with a kernel packet filter (known as IPFW), -which is what the rest of this section will concentrate on. Proxy -servers can be built on FreeBSD from third party software, but there -is such a variety of proxy servers available that it would be -impossible to cover them in this document. - -Packet filtering routers - -

A router is a machine which forwards packets between two or more -networks. A packet filtering router has an extra piece of code in its -kernel, which compares each packet to a list of rules before deciding -if it should be forwarded or not. Most modern IP routing software has -packet filtering code in it, which defaults to forwarding all -packets. To enable the filters, you need to define a set of rules for -the filtering code, so that it can decide if the packet should be -allowed to pass or not. - -

To decide if a packet should be passed on or not, the code looks -through its set of rules for a rule which matches the contents of -this packets headers. Once a match is found, the rule action is -obeyed. The rule action could be to drop the packet, to forward the -packet, or even to send an ICMP message back to the originator. Only -the first match counts, as the rules are searched in order. Hence, the -list of rules can be referred to as a ``rule chain''. - -

The packet matching criteria varies depending on the software used, -but typically you can specify rules which depend on the source IP -address of the packet, the destination IP address, the source port -number, the destination port number (for protocols which support -ports), or even the packet type (UDP, TCP, ICMP, etc). - -Proxy servers - -

Proxy servers are machines which have had the normal system daemons -(telnetd, ftpd, etc) replaced with special servers. These servers are -called proxy servers as they normally only allow onward -connections to be made. This enables you to run (for example) a proxy -telnet server on your firewall host, and people can telnet in to your -firewall from the outside, go through some authentication mechanism, -and then gain access to the internal network (alternatively, proxy -servers can be used for signals coming from the internal network and -heading out). - -

Proxy servers are normally more secure than normal servers, and -often have a wider variety of authentication mechanisms available, -including ``one-shot'' password systems so that even if someone -manages to discover what password you used, they will not be able to use -it to gain access to your systems as the password instantly -expires. As they do not actually give users access to the host machine, -it becomes a lot more difficult for someone to install backdoors -around your security system. - -

Proxy servers often have ways of restricting access further, so -that only certain hosts can gain access to the servers, and often they -can be set up so that you can limit which users can talk to which -destination machine. Again, what facilities are available depends -largely on what proxy software you choose. - -What does IPFW allow me to do? - -

IPFW, the software supplied with FreeBSD, is a packet -filtering and accounting system which resides in the kernel, and has a -user-land control utility, ipfw(8). Together, they -allow you to define and query the rules currently used by the kernel -in its routing decisions. - -

There are two related parts to IPFW. The firewall section -allows you to perform packet filtering. There is also an IP accounting -section which allows you to track usage of your router, based on -similar rules to the firewall section. This allows you to see (for -example) how much traffic your router is getting from a certain -machine, or how much WWW (World Wide Web) traffic it is forwarding. - -

As a result of the way that IPFW is designed, you can use -IPFW on non-router machines to perform packet filtering on -incoming and outgoing connections. This is a special case of the more -general use of IPFW, and the same commands and techniques -should be used in this situation. - -Enabling IPFW on FreeBSD - -

As the main part of the IPFW system lives in the kernel, you will -need to add one or more options to your kernel configuration -file, depending on what facilities you want, and recompile your kernel. See - for more -details on how to recompile your kernel. - -

There are currently three kernel configuration options -relevant to IPFW: - - -syslogd(8). Without this option, even if you -specify that packets should be logged in the filter rules, nothing -will happen. - -syslogd(8) on a per entry basis. -You may wish to use this option in hostile environments in which -you want to log firewall activity, but do not want to be open to -a denial of service attack via syslog flooding. - -

When a chain entry reaches the packet limit specified, logging -is turned off for that particular entry. To resume logging, you -will need to reset the associated counter using the ipfw(8) -utility: - - -ipfw zero 4500 - - -Where 4500 is the chain entry you wish to continue logging. - - - -Previous versions of FreeBSD contained an IPFIREWALL_ACCT -option. This is now obsolete as the firewall code automatically -includes accounting facilities. - -Configuring IPFW - -

The configuration of the IPFW software is done through the -ipfw(8) utility. The syntax for this command looks -quite complicated, but it is relatively simple once you understand -its structure. - -

There are currently four different command categories used by the -utility: addition/deletion, listing, flushing, and clearing. -Addition/deletion is used to build the rules that control how packets -are accepted, rejected, and logged. Listing is used to examine the -contents of your rule set (otherwise known as the chain) and packet -counters (accounting). Flushing is used to remove all entries from -the chain. Clearing is used to zero out one or more accounting -entries. - -Altering the IPFW rules - -

The syntax for this form of the command is: - -ipfw [-N] command [index] -action [log] protocol addresses -[options] - - -

There is one valid flag when using this form of the command: - - - - -The command given can be shortened to the shortest unique -form. The valid commands are: - - - - - -Previous versions of IPFW used separate firewall and -accounting entries. The present version provides packet accounting -with each firewall entry. - -

If an index value is supplied, it used to place the entry -at a specific point in the chain. Otherwise, the entry is placed at -the end of the chain at an index 100 greater than the last chain -entry (this does not include the default policy, rule 65535, deny). - -

The log option causes matching rules to be output to the -system console if the kernel was compiled with IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE. - -

Valid actions are: - - - -pass and -accept) - - - -

Each action will be recognized by the shortest unambiguous -prefix. - -The protocols which can be specified are: - - - - - -

The address specification is: - -from <address/mask>[port] to - <address/mask>[port&rsqb [via <interface>] - - -

You can only specify port in conjunction with -protocols which support ports (UDP and TCP). - -

The via is optional and may specify the IP address or -domain name of a local IP interface, or an interface name (e.g. -ed0) to match only packets coming through this interface. -Interface unit numbers can be specified with an optional wildcard. -For example, ppp* would match all kernel PPP interfaces. - -

The syntax used to specify an <address/mask> is: - -<address> - -or - -<address>/mask-bits - -or - -<address>:mask-pattern - - -

A valid hostname may be specified in place of the IP -address. mask-bits is a decimal number representing how many -bits in the address mask should be set. e.g. specifying - -192.216.222.1/24 - -will create a mask which will allow any address in a class C subnet -(in this case, 192.216.222) to be matched. mask-pattern is an IP -address which will be logically AND'ed with the address given. The -keyword any may be used to specify ``any IP address''. -

The port numbers to be blocked are specified as: - -port[,port[,port[...]]] - -to specify either a single port or a list of ports, or - -port-port - -to specify a range of ports. You may also combine a single range with a -list, but the range must always be specified first. - -

The options available are: - - - -spec/Matches if the IP header contains the -comma separated list of options specified in spec. The -supported list of IP options are: ssrr (strict source route), -lsrr (loose source route), rr (record packet route), -and ts (timestamp). The absence of a particular option may -be denoted with a leading '!'. - -established rules -early in the chain. - -flags/Matches if the TCP header contains -the comma separated list of flags. The supported flags -are fin, syn, rst, psh, ack, -and urg. The absence of a particular flag may be indicated -by a leading '!'. - -types/Matches if the ICMP type is present in -the list types. The list may be specified as any combination -of ranges and/or individual types separated by commas. Commonly used -ICMP types are: 0 echo reply (ping reply), 5 -redirect, 8 echo request (ping request), and 11 -time exceeded (used to indicate TTL expiration as with -traceroute(8)). - - - -Listing the IPFW rules - -

The syntax for this form of the command is: - -ipfw [-atN] l - - -

There are three valid flags when using this form of the command: - - - -ipfw(8) utility. - - - -Flushing the IPFW rules - -

The syntax for flushing the chain is: - -ipfw flush - - -

This causes all entries in the firewall chain to be removed except -the fixed default policy enforced by the kernel (index 65535). Use -caution when flushing rules, the default deny policy will leave your -system cut off from the network until allow entries are added to the -chain. - -Clearing the IPFW packet counters - -

The syntax for clearing one or more packet counters is: - -ipfw zero [index] - - -

When used without an index argument, all packet counters -are cleared. If an index is supplied, the clearing operation -only affects a specific chain entry. - -Example commands for ipfw - -

This command will deny all packets from the host -evil.hacker.org to the telnet port of the host -nice.people.org by being forwarded by the router: - - -ipfw add deny tcp from evil.hacker.org to nice.people.org 23 - - -

The next example denies and logs any TCP traffic from the entire -hacker.org network (a class C) to the nice.people.org -machine (any port). - - -ipfw add deny log tcp from evil.hacker.org/24 to nice.people.org - - -If you do not want people sending X sessions to your internal network -(a subnet of a class C), the following command will do the necessary -filtering: - - -ipfw add deny from any to my.org/28 6000 setup - - -To allow access to the SUP server on sup.FreeBSD.ORG, use the -following command: - - -ipfw add accept from any to sup.FreeBSD.ORG 871 - - -To see the accounting records: - -ipfw -a list - -or in the short form - -ipfw -a l - -You can also see the last time a chain entry was matched with - -ipfw -at l - - -Building a packet filtering firewall - -

Note: The following suggestions are just that: -suggestions. The requirements of each firewall are different and I -cannot tell you how to build a firewall to meet your particular -requirements. - -

When initially setting up your firewall, unless you have a test -bench setup where you can configure your firewall host in a controlled -environment, I strongly recommend you use the logging version of the -commands and enable logging in the kernel. This will allow you to -quickly identify problem areas and cure them without too much -disruption. Even after the initial setup phase is complete, I -recommend using the logging for of `deny' as it allows tracing of -possible attacks and also modification of the firewall rules if your -requirements alter. - -Note: If you use the logging versions of the -accept command, it can generate large amounts -of log data as one log line will be generated for every packet -that passes through the firewall, so large ftp/http transfers, -etc, will really slow the system down. It also increases the -latencies on those packets as it requires more work to be done by -the kernel before the packet can be passed on. syslogd with also -start using up a lot more processor time as it logs all the extra -data to disk, and it could quite easily fill the partition -/var/log is located on. - -

As currently supplied, FreeBSD does not have the ability to -load firewall rules at boot time. My suggestion is to put a call -to a shell script in the /etc/netstart script. Put the -call early enough in the netstart file so that the firewall is -configured before any of the IP interfaces are configured. This -means that there is no window during which time your network is -open. - -

The actual script used to load the rules is entirely up to -you. There is currently no support in the ipfw utility for -loading multiple rules in the one command. The system I use is to use -the command: - - -# ipfw list - - -to write a list of the current rules out to a file, and then use a -text editor to prepend ``ipfw '' before all the lines. This -will allow the script to be fed into /bin/sh and reload the rules into -the kernel. Perhaps not the most efficient way, but it works. - -

The next problem is what your firewall should actually DO! -This is largely dependent on what access to your network you want to -allow from the outside, and how much access to the outside world you -want to allow from the inside. Some general rules are: - - - - Block all incoming access to ports below 1024 for TCP. This is -where most of the security sensitive services are, like finger, SMTP -(mail) and telnet. - - Block all incoming UDP traffic. There are very few -useful services that travel over UDP, and what useful traffic there is -is normally a security threat (e.g. Suns RPC and NFS protocols). This -has its disadvantages also, since UDP is a connectionless protocol, -denying incoming UDP traffic also blocks the replies to outgoing UDP -traffic. This can cause a problem for people (on the inside) -using external archie (prospero) servers. If you want to allow access -to archie, you'll have to allow packets coming from ports 191 and 1525 -to any internal UDP port through the firewall. ntp is another service -you may consider allowing through, which comes from port 123. - - Block traffic to port 6000 from the outside. Port 6000 is the -port used for access to X11 servers, and can be a security threat -(especially if people are in the habit of doing xhost + on -their workstations). X11 can actually use a range of ports starting at -6000, the upper limit being how many X displays you can run on the -machine. The upper limit as defined by RFC 1700 (Assigned Numbers) is -6063. - - Check what ports any internal servers use (e.g. SQL servers, -etc). It is probably a good idea to block those as well, as they -normally fall outside the 1-1024 range specified above. - - - -

Another checklist for firewall configuration is available from CERT -at - -

As I said above, these are only guidelines. You will have -to decide what filter rules you want to use on your firewall -yourself. I cannot accept ANY responsibility if someone breaks into -your network, even if you follow the advice given above. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/glossary.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/glossary.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 80c38e1..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/glossary.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ - - - -* Glossary - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/goals.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/goals.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 6469469..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/goals.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ - - - -FreeBSD Project goals - -

Contributed by &a.jkh;. - -

The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may -be used for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us -have a significant investment in the code (and project) and would -certainly not mind a little financial renumeration now and then, -but we're definitely not prepared to insist on it. We believe -that our first and foremost "mission" is to provide code to any -and all comers, and for whatever purpose, so that the code gets -the widest possible use and provides the widest possible benefit. -This is, I believe, one of the most fundamental goals of Free -Software and one that we enthusiastically support. - -

That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU Public License -(GPL) or GNU Library Public License (GLPL) comes with slightly more -strings attached, though at least on the side of enforced -access rather than the usual opposite. Due to the additional -complexities that can evolve in the commercial use of GPL software, -we do, however, endeavor to replace such software with submissions -under the more relaxed BSD copyright whenever possible. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/handbook.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/handbook.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index b06a473..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/handbook.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,181 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - -%authors; - - - -%lists; - - - -%sections; - - - - -]> - - - - - FreeBSD Handbook - - The FreeBSD Documentation Project - - May 1997 - -Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the -installation and day to day use of FreeBSD Release -&rel.current;. - -This manual is a work in progress and is the -work of many individuals. Many sections do not yet exist -and some of those that do exist need to be updated. If -you are interested in helping with this project, send -email to the &a.doc; The latest version of this -document is always available from -the . It may also be downloaded in plain text, postscript -or HTML from the or one of the numerous -. You may also want to -. - - - - - - - Getting Started - - Introduction -

FreeBSD is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for Intel - architecture (x86) based PCs. For an overview of FreeBSD, see - . For a - history of the project, read . To see a description of the - latest release, read . If you're interested - in contributing something to the FreeBSD project (code, equipment, - sacks of unmarked bills), please see about . - - &nutshell; - &history; - &goals; - &development; - &relnotes; - - &install; - &basics; - - &ports; - - - - System Administration - - &kernelconfig; - Security - &crypt; - &skey; - &kerberos; - &firewalls; - - &printing; - - "as; - The X Window System -

Pending the completion of this section, please refer to - documentation supplied by the . - - &hw; - - Localization - &russian; - - - - Network Communications - - Serial Communications - &serial; - &term; - &dialup; - &dialout; - - PPP and SLIP - -

If your connection to the Internet is through a modem, or - you wish to provide other people with dialup connections to - the Internet using FreeBSD, you have the option of using PPP - or SLIP. Furthermore, two varieties of PPP are provided: - user (sometimes referred to as iijppp) and - kernel. The procedures for configuring both types - of PPP, and for setting up SLIP are described in this - chapter. - - &userppp; - &ppp; - &slipc; - &slips; - - Advanced networking - &routing; - &nfs; - &diskless; - &isdn; - - &mail; - - - - Advanced topics - The Cutting Edge: FreeBSD-current and FreeBSD-stable -

FreeBSD is under constant development between releases. For - people who want to be on the cutting edge, there are several - easy mechanisms for keeping your system in sync with the latest - developments. Be warned: the cutting edge is not for everyone! - This chapter will help you decide if you want to track the development - system, or stick with one of the released versions.

- - ¤t; - &stable; - &synching; - - - &submitters; - &policies; - &kernelopts; - &kerneldebug; - &linuxemu; - FreeBSD internals - &booting; - &memoryuse; - &dma; - - - - - Appendices - - &mirrors; - &bibliography; - &eresources; - &contrib; - &pgpkeys; - - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/history.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/history.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index f7f9279..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/history.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ - - - -A brief history of FreeBSD - -

Contributed by &a.jkh;. - -The FreeBSD project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, -partially as an outgrowth of the "Unofficial 386BSD Patchkit" by the -patchkit's last 3 coordinators: Nate Williams, Rod Grimes and myself. - -Our original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of 386BSD in -order to fix a number of problems with it that the patchkit mechanism -just was not capable of solving. Some of you may remember the early -working title for the project being "386BSD 0.5" or "386BSD Interim" -in reference to that fact. - -386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up to that -point suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth of neglect. -As the patchkit swelled ever more uncomfortably with each passing day, -we were in unanimous agreement that something had to be done and -decided to try and assist Bill by providing this interim "cleanup" -snapshot. Those plans came to a rude halt when Bill Jolitz suddenly -decided to withdraw his sanction from the project and without any -clear indication of what would be done instead. - -It did not take us long to decide that the goal remained worthwhile, -even without Bill's support, and so we adopted the name "FreeBSD", -coined by David Greenman. Our initial objectives were set after -consulting with the system's current users and, once it became clear -that the project was on the road to perhaps even becoming a reality, -I contacted Walnut Creek CDROM with an eye towards improving -FreeBSD's distribution channels for those many unfortunates without -easy access to the Internet. Walnut Creek CDROM not only supported -the idea of distributing FreeBSD on CD but went so far as to provide -the project with a machine to work on and a fast Internet connection. -Without Walnut Creek CDROM's almost unprecedented degree of faith in -what was, at the time, a completely unknown project, it is quite -unlikely that FreeBSD would have gotten as far, as fast, as it -has today. - -The first CDROM (and general net-wide) distribution was FreeBSD 1.0, -released in December of 1993. This was based on the 4.3BSD-Lite -("Net/2") tape from U.C. Berkeley, with many components also provided by -386BSD and the Free Software Foundation. It was a fairly reasonable -success for a first offering, and we followed it with the highly successful -FreeBSD 1.1 release in May of 1994. - -Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed on the -horizon as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their long-running lawsuit -over the legal status of the Berkeley Net/2 tape. A condition of that -settlement was U.C. Berkeley's concession that large parts of Net/2 -were "encumbered" code and the property of Novell, who had in turn acquired -it from AT&T some time previously. What Berkeley got in return was -Novell's "blessing" that the 4.4BSD-Lite release, when it was finally -released, would be declared unencumbered and all existing Net/2 users -would be strongly encouraged to switch. This included FreeBSD, and the -project was given until the end of July 1994 to stop shipping its own -Net/2 based product. Under the terms of that agreement, the project -was allowed one last release before the deadline, that release being -FreeBSD 1.1.5.1. - -FreeBSD then set about the arduous task of literally re-inventing itself -from a completely new and rather incomplete set of 4.4BSD-Lite bits. The -"Lite" releases were light in part because Berkeley's CSRG had removed -large chunks of code required for actually constructing a bootable running -system (due to various legal requirements) and the fact that the Intel -port of 4.4 was highly incomplete. It took the project until December of 1994 -to make this transition, and in January of 1995 it released FreeBSD 2.0 to -the net and on CDROM. Despite being still more than a little rough around -the edges, the release was a significant success and was followed by the more -robust and easier to install FreeBSD 2.0.5 release in June of 1995. - -Where to from here? - -We released FreeBSD 2.1.5 in August of 1996, and it appeared to be -popular enough among the ISP and commercial communities that another -release along the 2.1-stable branch was merited. This was FreeBSD 2.1.7.1, -released in February 1997 and capping the end of mainstream development -on 2.1-stable. Now in maintenance mode, only security enhancements and other -critical bug fixes will be done on this branch (RELENG_2_1_0). - -FreeBSD 2.2 was branched from the development mainline ("-current") in -November 1996 as the RELENG_2_2 branch, and the first full release -(2.2.1) was released in April, 1997. Further releases along the 2.2 branch -are planned throughout the Summer and Fall of '97 and into early -Winter, at which point the first 3.0 release will appear. - -Long term development projects for everything from SMP to DEC ALPHA support -will continue to take place in the 3.0-current branch and SNAPshot releases -of 3.0 on CDROM (and, of course, on the net) will begin to appear in May, 1997. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/hw.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/hw.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index fafad0b..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/hw.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1486 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -PC Hardware compatibility - -

Issues of hardware compatibility are among the most - troublesome in the computer industry today and FreeBSD is by - no means immune to trouble. In this respect, FreeBSD's - advantage of being able to run on inexpensive commodity PC - hardware is also its liability when it comes to support for - the amazing variety of components on the market. While it - would be impossible to provide a exhaustive listing of - hardware that FreeBSD supports, this section serves as a - catalog of the device drivers included with FreeBSD and the - hardware each drivers supports. Where possible and - appropriate, notes about specific products are included. - - As FreeBSD is a volunteer project without a funded testing - department, we depend on you, the user, for much of the - information contained in this catalog. If you have direct - experience of hardware that does or does not work with - FreeBSD, please let us know by sending e-mail to the &a.doc;. - Questions about supported hardware - should be directed to the &a.questions (see - for more - information). When submitting information or asking a - question, please remember to specify exactly what version of - FreeBSD you are using and include as many details of your - hardware as possible. - -Resources on the Internet -

The following links have proven useful in selecting hardware. -Though some of what you see won't necessarily be specific (or even -applicable) to FreeBSD, most of the hardware information out there -is OS independent. Please check with the FreeBSD hardware guide -to make sure that your chosen configuration is supported before -making any purchases.

- -

- - - - -Sample Configurations -

The following list of sample hardware configurations by no means -constitutes an endorsement of a given hardware vendor or product by -The FreeBSD Project. This information is provided only as a public -service and merely catalogs some of the experiences that various individuals -have had with different hardware combinations. Your mileage may vary. -Slippery when wet. Beware of dog. - - Jordan's Picks -

I have had fairly good luck building workstation and server - configurations with the following components. I can't guarantee that - you will too, nor that any of the companies here will remain "best buys" - forever. I will try, when I can, to keep this list up-to-date but - cannot obviously guarantee that it will be at any given time. - - Motherboards -

The - - motherboard appears to be a good choice for mid-to-high range Pentium - server and workstation systems. You might also wish to investigate ASUS's - offering if it's a 486-class motherboard you're looking - for (Note: These have become increasingly hard to get as ASUS apparently - no longer manufactures them). - - Those wishing to build more fault-tolerant systems should also be sure to - use Parity memory or, for truly 24/7 applications, ECC memory. Note - that ECC memory does involve a slight performance trade-off (which may - or may not be noticable depending on your application) but buys you - significantly increased fault-tolerance to memory errors. - -

At the higher end, the Intel/Venus Pro () motherboard appears to work very well with FreeBSD, - as does its accompanying 200Mhz P6 (Pentium Pro) CPU. Recent price - drops have dropped P6 systems into a very affordable price bracket, - at least in the United States, and for serious server applications you - may wish to look no further than the Pentium Pro. My personal - `make world' times dropped from 3 hours and 40 minutes with a P5/166 - to 1 hour and 22 minutes when I upgraded to a P6/200 machine - not - a fair comparison, to be sure, but just to note that in terms of - increased productivity, the P6/200 has definitely been worth the upgrade - for me. - - NOTE: The Intel motherboards are designed to a different form-factor - and hence require an entirely different PC case, the so-called - "ATX" case design. Consider this fact carefully if you're thinking of - upgrading an existing system - all the commonly available ATX cases - I've seen so far have been in the "midi-tower" class, with limited space - for drives or other internal peripherals available. On the plus side, - most ATX cases appear to be of much higher quality than their typical PC - counterparts. - - The only known interoperability problem with the - chipset (also known as ``Natoma'') - is that the Matrox Meteor frame-grabber board will lock up your system - if used in one of these motherboards. Matrox blames Intel, Intel - blames Matrox, all we know is that it definitely doesn't work. That is - the only card I've had any troubles with in my P6 system and the card - works just fine in my older Triton chipset based motherboard. - - Disk Controllers -

This one is a bit trickier, and while I used to recommend the - controllers - unilaterally for everything from ISA to PCI, now I tend to lean - towards the - 1542CF for ISA, Buslogic Bt747c for EISA and Adaptec 2940 for PCI. - - The NCR/Symbios cards for PCI have also worked well for me, though - you need to make sure that your motherboard supports the BIOS-less - model if you're using one of those (if your card has nothing which - looks even vaguely like a ROM chip on it, you've probably got one - which expects its BIOS to be on your motherboard). - -

If you should find that you need more than one SCSI controller in a - PCI machine, you may wish to consider conserving your scarce PCI - bus resources by buying the Adaptec 3940 card, which puts two SCSI - controllers (and internal busses) in a single slot. - - Disk drives -

In this particular game of Russian roulette, I'll make few specific - recommendations except to say "SCSI over IDE whenever you can afford it." - Even in small desktop configurations, SCSI often makes more sense since it - allows you to easily migrate drives from server to desktop as falling drive - prices make it economical to do so. If you have more than one machine - to administer then think of it not simply as storage, think of it as a - food chain! - -

I do not currently see SCSI WIDE drives as a necessary expense unless - you're putting together an NFS or NEWS server that will be doing a lot - of multiuser disk I/O. - - CDROM drives -

My SCSI preferences extend to SCSI CDROM drives as well, and while - the XM-3501B (also - released in a caddy-less model called the XM-5401B) drive has always - performed well for me, I'm now a great fan of the PX-12CS drive. It's - a 12 speed drive with excellent performance and reliability. - -

Generally speaking, most SCSI CDROM drives I've seen have been of - pretty solid construction and you probably won't go wrong with an HP or - NEC SCSI CDROM drive either. SCSI CDROM prices also appear to have - dropped considerably in the last few months and are now quite competitive - with IDE CDROMs while remaining a technically superior solution. I now see - no reason whatsoever to settle for an IDE CDROM drive if given a choice - between the two. - - - CD Recordable (WORM) drives -

At the time of this writing, FreeBSD supports 3 types of CDR drives - (though I believe they all ultimately come from Phillips anyway): - The Phillips CDD 522 (Acts like a Plasmon), the PLASMON RF4100 and - the HP 4020i. I myself use the HP 4020i for burning CDROMs (with - 2.2-current - it does not work with 2.1.5 or earlier releases of the - SCSI code) and it works very well. See - on your 2.2 system for example scripts used to created ISO9660 - filesystem images (with RockRidge extensions) and burn them onto an - HP4020i CDR. - - Tape drives -

I've had pretty good luck with both - from and - drives from . - -

For backup purposes, I'd have to give the higher recommendation to the - Exabyte due to the more robust nature (and higher storage capacity) of - 8mm tape. - - Video Cards -

If you can also afford to buy a commercial X server for US$99 - from then I can heartily - recommend the - card. Note that support for this card is also - getting better with the server, which is available free of charge, though it's - still a fair bit slower than the XiG product at this time. I'm told that - support is also a fair bit better in the 3.2A release of XFree86, but - it's not yet available for general release. - - You also certainly can't go wrong with one of - cards - - their S3 Vision 868 and 968 based cards (the 9FX series) also being - quite fast and very well supported by XFree86's S3 server. - - Monitors -

I have had very good luck with the , as have I with - the Viewsonic offering in the same (trinitron) tube. For larger than - 17", all I can recommend at the time of this writing is to not spend - any less than U.S. $2,500 for a 21" monitor if that's what you really - need. There are good monitors available in the >=20" range and there - are also cheap monitors in the >=20" range. Unfortunately, very few are - both cheap and good! - - Networking -

I can recommend the - Ultra 16 controller for any ISA application and the SMC EtherPower - or Compex ENET32 cards for any serious PCI based networking. Both of - the PCI cards are based around DEC's DC21041 Ethernet controller - chip and other cards using it, such as the Zynx ZX342 or DEC DE435, - will generally work as well. For 100Mbit networking, either the - SMC SMC9332DST 10/100MB or Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B cards will do - a fine job. - - If what you're looking for is, on the other hand, the cheapest possible - solution which will still work reasonably well, then almost any NE2000 - clone is a good choice. - - - Serial -

If you're looking for high-speed serial networking solutions, then - - makes the series, with drivers now in - FreeBSD-current. also manufactures a board with T1/E1 - capabilities, using software they provide. I have no direct experience - using either product, however. - -

Multiport card options are somewhat more numerous, though it has to be - said that FreeBSD's support for 's products is probably the tightest, primarily as a result - of that company's commitment to making sure that we are adequately supplied - with evaluation boards and technical specs. I've heard that the Cyclom-16Ye - offers the best price/performance, though I've not checked the prices lately. - Other multiport cards I've heard good things about are the BOCA and AST - cards, and apparently offers an unofficial driver for their - cards at location. - - Audio -

I currently use the - Ultrasound MAX due to its high sound quality and full-duplex audio - capabilities (dual DMA channels). Support for Windows NT and OS/2 is - fairly anemic, however, so I'm not sure that I can recommend it as an - all-around card for a machine that will be running both FreeBSD and NT - or OS/2. In such a scenario, I might recommend the AWE32 instead. - - Video -

For video capture, there's really only once choice - the - - - card. FreeBSD also supports the older video spigot card from - Creative Labs, but those are getting somewhat difficult to find - and the Meteor is a more current generation frame-grabber with - a higher-speed PCI interface. Note that this card will not work - with motherboards based on the VS440FX chipset! See the - section for details. - -Core/Processing - -Motherboards, busses, and chipsets - * ISA - * EISA - * VLB - PCI -

Contributed by &a.rgrimes;.25 April 1995.

-

Continuing updates by &a.jkh;.Last update on - 26 August 1996.

-

Of the Intel PCI chip sets, the following list describes - various types of known-brokenness and the degree of - breakage, listed from worst to best. -

- -

- - Mercury: Cache coherency problems, - especially if there are ISA bus masters behind - the ISA to PCI bridge chip. Hardware flaw, only - known work around is to turn the cache - off. - - Saturn-I (ie, 82424ZX at rev 0, 1 or 2): - Write back cache coherency - problems. Hardware flaw, only known work around - is to set the external cache to write-through - mode. Upgrade to Saturn-II. - - Saturn-II (ie, 82424ZX at rev 3 or 4): - Works fine, but many MB - manufactures leave out the external dirty bit - SRAM needed for write back operation. Work - arounds are either run it in write through mode, - or get the dirty bit SRAM installed. (I have - these for the ASUS PCI/I-486SP3G rev 1.6 and - later boards). - - Neptune: Can not run more than 2 bus - master devices. Admitted Intel design flaw. - Workarounds include do not run more than 2 bus - masters, special hardware design to replace the - PCI bus arbiter (appears on Intel Altair board - and several other Intel server group MB's). And - of course Intel's official answer, move to the - Triton chip set, we ``fixed it there''. - - Triton: No known cache coherency or bus - master problems, chip set does not implement - parity checking. Workaround for parity issue. - Use Triton-II based motherboards if you have the choice. - - Triton-II: All reports on motherboards using - this chipset have been favorable so far. No known - problems. - - Orion: Early versions of this chipset suffered from - a PCI write-posting bug which can cause noticeable performance - degradation in applications where large amounts of PCI bus - traffic is involved. B0 stepping or later revisions of the - chipset fixed this problem. - - :This support chipset seems to work well, - and does not suffer from any of the early Orion chipset - problems. It also supports a wider variety of memory, - including ECC and parity. The only known problem with it - is that the Matrox Meteor frame grabber card doesn't like it. - -

- -CPUs/FPUs - * Pentium Pro class - Pentium class - Clock speeds -

Contributed by &a.rgrimes;.1 October 1996.

-

Pentium class machines use different clock speeds for the various - parts of the system. These being the speed of the CPU, external - memory bus, and the PCI bus. It is not always true that a "faster" - processor will make a system faster than a "slower" one, due to - the various clock speeds used. - Below is a table showing the differences: -

- - Rated External Clock External to PCI Bus - CPU and Memory Bus Internal Clock Clock - MHZ MHZ** Multiplier MHZ - - 60 60 1.0 30 - 66 66 1.0 33 - 75 50 1.5 25 - 90 60 1.5 30 - 100 50* 2 25 - 100 66 1.5 33 - 120 60 2 30 - 133 66 2 33 - 150 60 2.5 30 - 166 66 2.5 33 - 180 60 3 30 - 200 66 3 33 - - * The Pentium 100 can be run at either 50MHz external clock with - a multiplier of 2 or at 66MHz and a multiplier of 1.5. - ** 66 Mhz may actually be 66.667 MHz, but don't assume so. - -

As can be seen the best parts to be using are the 100, 133, 166 - and 200, with the exception that at a mulitplier of 3 the CPU - starves for memory. - * 486 class - * 386 class - 286 class -

Sorry, FreeBSD does not run on 80286 machines. It is nearly - impossible to run today's large full-featured UNIXes on such - hardware. - -* Memory -

The mininum amount of memory you must have to install FreeBSD is 5 MB. - Once your system is up and running you can that will use less memory. - If you use the boot4.flp you can get away with having only 4 MB. - -* BIOS - -Input/Output Devices - -* Video cards -* Sound cards -Serial ports and multiport cards - - &uart; - &sio; - &cy; - -* Parallel ports -* Modems -* Network cards -* Keyboards -* Mice -* Other - -Storage Devices -&esdi; -&scsi; - -* Disk/tape controllers - - * SCSI - * IDE - * Floppy - -* Hard drives - Tape drives -

Contributed by &a.jmb;.2 July 1996.

- General tape access commands -

mt(1) provides generic access to the tape -drives. Some of the more common commands are rewind, -erase, and status. See the mt(1) -manual page for a detailed description. - - Controller Interfaces -

There are several different interfaces that support -tape drives. The interfaces are SCSI, IDE, Floppy and Parallel -Port. A wide variety of tape drives are available for these -interfaces. Controllers are discussed in - - - SCSI drives -

The st(4) driver provides support for 8mm - (Exabyte), 4mm (DAT: Digital Audio Tape), QIC (Quarter-Inch - Cartridge), DLT (Digital Linear Tape), QIC Minicartridge - and 9-track (remember the big reels that you see spinning - in Hollywood computer rooms) tape drives. See the - st(4) manual page for a detailed description. - -

The drives listed below are currently being used by -members of the FreeBSD community. They are not the only drives -that will work with FreeBSD. They just happen to be the ones -that we use. - - 4mm (DAT: Digital Audio Tape) -

-

-

-

-

-

-

8mm (Exabyte) -

-

-

- - QIC (Quarter-Inch Cartridge) -

DLT (Digital Linear Tape) -

Mini-Cartridge -

Autoloaders/Changers -

- - * IDE drives - Floppy drives -

* Parallel port drives - Detailed Information - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "ARCHIVE -ANCDA 2750 28077 -003 type 1 removable SCSI 2" -

This is a QIC tape drive. -

Native capacity is 1.35GB when using QIC-1350 tapes. -This drive will read and write QIC-150 (DC6150), QIC-250 -(DC6250), and QIC-525 (DC6525) tapes as well. -

Data transfer rate is 350kB/s using dump(8). -Rates of 530kB/s have been reported when using -

Production of this drive has been discontinued. -

The SCSI bus connector on this tape drive is reversed -from that on most other SCSI devices. Make sure that you have -enough SCSI cable to twist the cable one-half turn before and -after the Archive Anaconda tape drive, or turn your other SCSI -devices upside-down. -

Two kernel code changes are required to use this -drive. This drive will not work as delivered. -

If you have a SCSI-2 controller, short jumper 6. -Otherwise, the drive behaves are a SCSI-1 device. When operating -as a SCSI-1 device, this drive, "locks" the SCSI bus during some -tape operations, including: fsf, rewind, and rewoffl. -

If you are using the NCR SCSI controllers, patch the -file /usr/src/sys/pci/ncr.c (as shown below). Build and install -a new kernel. - - -*** 4831,4835 **** - }; - -! if (np->latetime>4) { - /* - ** Although we tried to wake it up, ---- 4831,4836 ---- - }; - -! if (np->latetime>1200) { - /* - ** Although we tried to wake it up, - - -

Reported by: &a.jmb; - - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "ARCHIVE -Python 28454-XXX4ASB" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "density code -0x8c, 512-byte blocks" -

This is a DDS-1 tape drive. -

Native capacity is 2.5GB on 90m tapes. -

Data transfer rate is XXX. -

This drive was repackaged by Sun Microsystems as model 411. -

Reported by: Bob Bishop rb@gid.co.uk - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "ARCHIVE -VIPER 60 21116 -007" "type 1 removable SCSI 1" -

This is a QIC tape drive. -

Native capacity is 60MB. -

Data transfer rate is XXX. -

Production of this drive has been discontinued. -

Reported by: Philippe Regnauld regnauld@hsc.fr - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "ARCHIVE -VIPER 150 21531 -004" "Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue" "type -1 removable SCSI 1". A multitude of firmware revisions exist -for this drive. Your drive may report different numbers (e.g -"21247 -005". -

This is a QIC tape drive. -

Native capacity is 150/250MB. Both 150MB (DC6150) -and 250MB (DC6250) tapes have the recording format. The 250MB -tapes are approximately 67% longer than the 150MB tapes. This -drive can read 120MB tapes as well. It can not write 120MB tapes. -

Data transfer rate is 100kB/s -

This drive reads and writes DC6150 (6150MB) and DC6250 -(250MB) tapes. -

This drives quirks are known and pre-compiled into the -scsi tape device driver (st(4)). -

Under FreeBSD 2.2-current, use mt blocksize -512 to set the blocksize. (The particular drive had -firmware revision 21247 -005. Other firmware revisions may -behave differently) Previous versions of FreeBSD did not have -this problem. -

Production of this drive has been discontinued. -

Reported by: Pedro A M Vazquez vazquez@IQM.Unicamp.BR -

Mike Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "ARCHIVE -VIPER 2525 25462 -011" "type 1 removable SCSI 1" -

This is a QIC tape drive. -

Native capacity is 525MB. -

Data transfer rate is 180kB/s at 90 inches/sec. -

The drive reads QIC-525, QIC-150, QIC-120 and QIC-24 tapes. -Writes QIC-525, QIC-150, and QIC-120. -

Firmware revisions prior to "25462 -011" are bug -ridden and will not function properly. -

Production of this drive has been discontinued. -

Reported by: &a.hm; - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "Conner tape". -

This is a floppy controller, minicartridge tape drive. -

Native capacity is XXXX -

Data transfer rate is XXX -

The drive uses QIC-80 tape cartridges. -

Reported by: Mark Hannon mark@seeware.DIALix.oz.au - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "CONNER -CTMS 3200 7.00" "type 1 removable SCSI 2". -

This is a minicartridge tape drive. -

Native capacity is XXXX -

Data transfer rate is XXX -

The drive uses QIC-3080 tape cartridges. -

Reported by: Thomas S. Traylor tst@titan.cs.mci.com - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "DEC -TZ87 (C) DEC 9206" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "density code 0x19" -

This is a DLT tape drive. -

Native capacity is 10GB. -

This drive supports hardware data compression. -

Data transfer rate is 1.2MB/s. -

This drive is identical to the Quantum DLT2000. The -drive firmware can be set to emulate several well-known drives, -including an Exabyte 8mm drive. -

Reported by: &a.wilko; - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "EXABYTE -EXB-2501" -

This is a mini-cartridge tape drive. -

Native capacity is 1GB when using MC3000XL minicartridges. -

Data transfer rate is XXX -

This drive can read and write DC2300 (550MB), DC2750 -(750MB), MC3000 (750MB), and MC3000XL (1GB) minicartridges. -

WARNING: This drive does not meet the SCSI-2 -specifications. The drive locks up completely in response to a -SCSI MODE_SELECT command unless there is a formatted tape in the -drive. Before using this drive, set the tape blocksize with - - mt -f /dev/st0ctl.0 blocksize 1024 - -Before using a minicartridge for the first time, the minicartridge -must be formated. FreeBSD 2.1.0-RELEASE and earlier: - - /sbin/scsi -f /dev/rst0.ctl -s 600 -c "4 0 0 0 0 0" - -(Alternatively, fetch a copy of the scsiformat shell script -from FreeBSD 2.1.5/2.2.) FreeBSD 2.1.5 and later: - - /sbin/scsiformat -q -w /dev/rst0.ctl - -

Right now, this drive cannot really be recommended for FreeBSD. -

Reported by: Bob Beaulieu ez@eztravel.com - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "EXABYTE -EXB-8200 252X" "type 1 removable SCSI 1" -

This is an 8mm tape drive. -

Native capacity is 2.3GB. -

Data transfer rate is 270kB/s. -

This drive is fairly slow in responding to the SCSI -bus during boot. A custom kernel may be required (set SCSI_DELAY -to 10 seconds). -

There are a large number of firmware configurations -for this drive, some have been customized to a particular -vendor's hardware. The firmware can be changed via EPROM -replacement. -

Production of this drive has been discontinued. -

Reported by: Mike Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "EXABYTE -EXB-8500-85Qanx0 0415" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" -

This is an 8mm tape drive. -

Native capacity is 5GB. -

Data transfer rate is 300kB/s. -

Reported by: Greg Lehey grog@lemis.de - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "EXABYTE -EXB-85058SQANXR1 05B0" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" -

This is an 8mm tape drive which supports compression, and is - upward compatible with the EXB-5200 and EXB-8500. -

Native capacity is 5GB. -

The drive supports hardware data compression. -

Data transfer rate is 300kB/s. -

Reported by: Glen Foster gfoster@gfoster.com - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "HP -C1533A 9503" "type 1 removable SCSI 2". -

This is a DDS-2 tape drive. DDS-2 means hardware data -compression and narrower tracks for increased data capacity. -

Native capacity is 4GB when using 120m tapes. This drive -supports hardware data compression. -

Data transfer rate is 510kB/s. -

This drive is used in Hewlett-Packard's SureStore -6000eU and 6000i tape drives and C1533A DDS-2 DAT drive. -

The drive has a block of 8 dip switches. The proper -settings for FreeBSD are: 1 ON; 2 ON; 3 OFF; 4 ON; 5 ON; 6 ON; 7 -ON; 8 ON. - -switch 1 2 Result - ON ON Compression enabled at power-on, with host control - ON OFF Compression enabled at power-on, no host -control - OFF ON Compression disabled at power-on; the -host is allowed to control compression - OFF OFF Compression disabled at power-on, no host -control - -

Switch 3 controls MRS (Media Recognition System). MRS -tapes have stripes on the transparent leader. These identify the -tape as DDS (Digital Data Storage) grade media. Tapes -that do not have the stripes will be treated as write-protected. -Switch 3 OFF enables MRS. Switch 3 ON disables MRS. -

Warning: Quality control on these drives -varies greatly. One FreeBSD core-team member has returned 2 of -these drives. Neither lasted more than 5 months. -

Reported by: &a.se; - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "HP -HP35470A T503" type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access -density code 0x13, variable blocks". -

This is a DDS-1 tape drive. DDS-1 is the original DAT -tape format. -

Native capacity is 2GB when using 90m tapes. -

Data transfer rate is 183kB/s. -

The same mechanism is used in Hewlett-Packard's -SureStore tape drive, C35470A DDS format DAT drive, C1534A DDS -format DAT drive and HP C1536A DDS format DAT drive. -

The HP C1534A DDS format DAT drive has two indicator -lights, one green and one amber. The green one indicates tape -action: slow flash during load, steady when loaded, fast flash -during read/write operations. The amber one indicates warnings: -slow flash when cleaning is required or tape is nearing the end -of its useful life, steady indicates an hard fault. (factory -service required?) -

Reported by Gary Crutcher gcrutchr@nightflight.com - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "". -

This is a DDS-2 tape drive. DDS-2 means hardware data -compression and narrower tracks for increased data capacity. -

Native capacity is 24GB when using 120m tapes. This -drive supports hardware data compression. -

Data transfer rate is 510kB/s (native). -

This drive is used in Hewlett-Packard's SureStore - tape drive. -

The drive has two selectors on the rear panel. The -selector closer to the fan is SCSI id. The other selector should -be set to 7. -

There are four internal switches. These should be -set: 1 ON; 2 ON; 3 ON; 4 OFF. -

At present the kernel drivers do not automatically -change tapes at the end of a volume. This shell script can be -used to change tapes: - - -#!/bin/sh -PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin"; export PATH - -usage() -{ - echo "Usage: dds_changer [123456ne] raw-device-name - echo "1..6 = Select cartridge" - echo "next cartridge" - echo "eject magazine" - exit 2 -} - -if [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then - usage -fi - -cdb3=0 -cdb4=0 -cdb5=0 - -case $1 in - [123456]) - cdb3=$1 - cdb4=1 - ;; - n) - ;; - e) - cdb5=0x80 - ;; - ?) - usage - ;; -esac - -scsi -f $2 -s 100 -c "1b 0 0 $cdb3 $cdb4 $cdb5" - - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "HP -HP35450A -A C620" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access -density code 0x13" -

This is a DDS-1 tape drive. DDS-1 is the original DAT -tape format. -

Native capacity is 1.2GB. -

Data transfer rate is 160kB/s. -

Reported by: mark thompson mark.a.thompson@pobox.com - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "HP -HP35470A 9 09" type 1 removable SCSI 2" -

This is a DDS-1 tape drive. DDS-1 is the original DAT -tape format. -

Native capacity is 2GB when using 90m tapes. -

Data transfer rate is 183kB/s. -

The same mechanism is used in Hewlett-Packard's -SureStore tape drive, C35470A DDS format DAT drive, C1534A -DDS format DAT drive, and HP C1536A DDS format DAT drive. -

Warning: Quality control on these drives -varies greatly. One FreeBSD core-team member has returned 5 of -these drives. None lasted more than 9 months. -

Reported by: David Dawes dawes@rf900.physics.usyd.edu.au (9 09) - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "HP -HP35480A 1009" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access -density code 0x13". -

This is a DDS-DC tape drive. DDS-DC is DDS-1 with -hardware data compression. DDS-1 is the original DAT tape -format. -

Native capacity is 2GB when using 90m tapes. This -drive supports hardware data compression -

Data transfer rate is 183kB/s. -

This drive is used in Hewlett-Packard's SureStore - and tape -drives and C35480A DDS format DAT drive.. -

This drive will occasionally hang during a tape eject -operation (mt offline). Pressing the front panel button -will eject the tape and bring the tape drive back to life. -

WARNING: HP 35480-03110 only. On at least two -occasions this tape drive when used with FreeBSD 2.1.0, an IBM -Server 320 and an 2940W SCSI controller resulted in all SCSI disk -partitions being lost. The problem has not be analyzed or -resolved at this time. - -

There are at least two significantly different models: one is -a DDS-1 and the other DDS-2. The DDS-1 version is "SDT-5000 3.02". The -DDS-2 version is "SONY SDT-5000 327M". The DDS-2 version has a -1MB cache. This cache is able to keep the tape streaming in almost any -circumstances. -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "SONY -SDT-5000 3.02" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access -density code 0x13" -

Native capacity is 4GB when using 120m tapes. This -drive supports hardware data compression. -

Data transfer rate is depends upon the model or - the drive. The rate is 630kB/s for the "SONY SDT-5000 327M" - while compressing the data. For the "SONY SDT-5000 3.02", the - data transfer rate is 225kB/s. -

In order to get this drive to stream, set the -blocksize to 512 bytes (mt blocksize 512) reported by -Kenneth Merry ken@ulc199.residence.gatech.edu" -

"SONY SDT-5000 327M" information reported by Charles Henrich - henrich@msu.edu -

Reported by: &a.jmz; - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is -"TANDBERG TDC 3600 =08:" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" -

This is a QIC tape drive. -

Native capacity is 150/250MB. -

This drive has quirks which are known and work around -code is present in the scsi tape device driver (st(4)). -Upgrading the firmware to XXX version will fix the quirks and -provide SCSI 2 capabilities. -

Data transfer rate is 80kB/s. -

IBM and Emerald units will not work. Replacing the -firmware EPROM of these units will solve the problem. -

Reported by: Michael Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au - - -

This is very similar to the drive. -

Reported by: &a.joerg; - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is -"TANDBERG TDC 4222 =07" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" -

This is a QIC tape drive. -

Native capacity is 2.5GB. The drive will read all -cartridges from the 60 MB (DC600A) upwards, and write 150 MB -(DC6150) upwards. Hardware compression is optionally supported -for the 2.5 GB cartridges. -

This drives quirks are known and pre-compiled into the -scsi tape device driver (st(4)) beginning with FreeBSD -2.2-current. For previous versions of FreeBSD, use mt -to read one block from the tape, rewind the tape, and then -execute the backup program (mt fsr 1; mt rewind; dump ...) -

Data transfer rate is 600kB/s (vendor claim with compression), - 350 KB/s can even be reached in start/stop mode. The rate - decreases for smaller cartridges. -

Reported by: &a.joerg; - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "WANGTEK -5525ES SCSI REV7 3R1" "type 1 removable SCSI 1" "density code 0x11, 1024-byte -blocks" -

This is a QIC tape drive. -

Native capacity is 525MB. -

Data transfer rate is 180kB/s. -

The drive reads 60, 120, 150, and 525MB tapes. The -drive will not write 60MB (DC600 cartridge) tapes. In order to -overwrite 120 and 150 tapes reliably, first erase (mt -erase) the tape. 120 and 150 tapes used a wider track -(fewer tracks per tape) than 525MB tapes. The "extra" width of -the previous tracks is not overwritten, as a result the new data -lies in a band surrounded on both sides by the previous data -unless the tape have been erased. -

This drives quirks are known and pre-compiled into the -scsi tape device driver (st(4)). -

Other firmware revisions that are known to work are: M75D -

Reported by: Marc van Kempen marc@bowtie.nl "REV73R1" - Andrew Gordon Andrew.Gordon@net-tel.co.uk "M75D" - - -

The boot message identifier for this drive is "WANGTEK -6200-HS 4B18" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access density code 0x13" -

This is a DDS-1 tape drive. -

Native capacity is 2GB using 90m tapes. -

Data transfer rate is 150kB/s. -

Reported by: Tony Kimball alk@Think.COM - - * Problem drives - -* CD-ROM drives -* Other - -* Adding and reconfiguring disks - Tapes and backups - * What about backups to floppies? - Tape Media - - -

4mm tapes are replacing QIC as the workstation backup -media of choice. This trend accelerated greatly when Conner -purchased Archive, a leading manufacturer of QIC drives, and then -stopped production of QIC drives. 4mm drives are small and quiet -but do not have the reputation for reliability that is enjoyed by 8mm drives. -The cartridges are less expensive and smaller (3 x 2 x 0.5 -inches, 76 x 51 x 12 mm) than 8mm cartridges. 4mm, like 8mm, has -comparatively short head life for the same reason, both use -helical scan. - - -

Data thruput on these drives starts ~150kB/s, peaking -at ~500kB/s. Data capacity starts at 1.3 GB and ends at 2.0 GB. -Hardware compression, available with most of these drives, -approximately doubles the capacity. Multi-drive tape library -units can have 6 drives in a single cabinet with automatic tape -changing. Library capacities reach 240 GB. - - -

4mm drives, like 8mm drives, use helical-scan. All -the benefits and drawbacks of helical-scan apply to both 4mm and -8mm drives. - -

Tapes should be retired from use after 2,000 passes or -100 full backups. - - - - -

8mm tapes are the most common SCSI tape drives; they -are the best choice of exchanging tapes. Nearly every site has -an exabyte 2 GB 8mm tape drive. 8mm drives are reliable, -convenient and quiet. Cartridges are inexpensive and small (4.8 x -3.3 x 0.6 inches; 122 x 84 x 15 mm). One downside of 8mm tape is -relatively short head and tape life due to the high rate of -relative motion of the tape across the heads. - - -

Data thruput ranges from ~250kB/s to ~500kB/s. Data -sizes start at 300 MB and go up to 7 GB. Hardware compression, -available with most of these drives, approximately doubles the -capacity. These drives are available as single units or -multi-drive tape libraries with 6 drives and 120 tapes in a -single cabinet. Tapes are changed automatically by the unit. -Library capacities reach 840+ GB. - - -

Data is recorded onto the tape using helical-scan, the -heads are positioned at an angle to the media (approximately 6 -degrees). The tape wraps around 270 degrees of the spool that -holds the heads. The spool spins while the tape slides over the -spool. The result is a high density of data and closely packed -tracks that angle across the tape from one edge to the other. - - - - -

QIC-150 tapes and drives are, perhaps, the most common -tape drive and media around. QIC tape drives are the least -expensive "serious" backup drives. The downside is the cost of -media. QIC tapes are expensive compared to 8mm or 4mm tapes, up -to 5 times the price per GB data storage. But, if your needs can -be satisfied with a half-dozen tapes, QIC may be the correct -choice. QIC is the most common tape drive. Every site -has a QIC drive of some density or another. Therein lies the -rub, QIC has a large number of densities on physically similar -(sometimes identical) tapes. QIC drives are not quiet. These -drives audibly seek before they begin to record data and are -clearly audible whenever reading, writing or seeking. QIC tapes -measure (6 x 4 x 0.7 inches; 15.2 x 10.2 x 1.7 mm). , which also -use 1/4" wide tape are discussed separately. Tape libraries and -changers are not available. - - -

Data thruput ranges from ~150kB/s to ~500kB/s. Data -capacity ranges from 40 MB to 15 GB. Hardware compression is -available on many of the newer QIC drives. QIC drives are less -frequently installed; they are being supplanted by DAT drives. - - -

Data is recorded onto the tape in tracks. The tracks -run along the long axis of the tape media from one end to the -other. The number of tracks, and therefore the width of a track, -varies with the tape's capacity. Most if not all newer drives -provide backward-compatibility at least for reading (but often -also for writing). QIC has a good reputation regarding the -safety of the data (the mechanics are simpler and more robust -than for helical scan drives). - -

Tapes should be retired from use after 5,000 backups. - - - - - -

DLT has the fastest data transfer rate of all the drive -types listed here. The 1/2" (12.5mm) tape is contained in a -single spool cartridge (4 x 4 x 1 inches; 100 x 100 x 25 mm). The -cartridge has a swinging gate along one entire side of the -cartridge. The drive mechanism opens this gate to extract the -tape leader. The tape leader has an oval hole in it which the -drive uses to "hook" the tape. The take-up spool is located -inside the tape drive. All the other tape cartridges listed here -(9 track tapes are the only exception) have both the supply and -take-up spools located inside the tape cartridge itself. - - - Data thruput is approximately 1.5MB/s, three times the -thruput of 4mm, 8mm, or QIC tape drives. Data capacities range -from 10GB to 20GB for a single drive. Drives are available in -both multi-tape changers and multi-tape, multi-drive tape -libraries containing from 5 to 900 tapes over 1 to 20 drives, -providing from 50GB to 9TB of storage. - - - Data is recorded onto the tape in tracks parallel to the -direction of travel (just like QIC tapes). Two tracks are written -at once. Read/write head lifetimes are relatively long; once the -tape stops moving, there is no relative motion between the heads -and the tape. - - Using a new tape for the first time -

The first time that you try to read or write a new, -completely blank tape, the operation will fail. The console -messages should be similar to: - - st0(ncr1:4:0): NOT READY asc:4,1 - st0(ncr1:4:0): Logical unit is in process of becoming ready - - -The tape does not contain an Identifier Block (block number -0). All QIC tape drives since the adoption of QIC-525 standard -write an Identifier Block to the tape. There are two -solutions: -

mt fsf 1 causes the tape drive to write an -Identifier Block to the tape. -

Use the front panel button to eject the tape. -

Re-insert the tape and dump(8) data to the -tape. -

dump(8) will report DUMP: End of tape -detected and the console will show: HARDWARE FAILURE -info:280 asc:80,96 -

rewind the tape using: mt rewind - -

Subsequent tape operations are successful. - - Backup Programs -

The three major programs are dump(8), -tar(1), and cpio(1). - - Dump and Restore - -

dump(8) and restore(8) are the -traditional Unix backup programs. They operate on the drive as a -collection of disk blocks, below the abstractions of files, links -and directories that are created by the filesystems. -dump(8) backs up devices, entire filesystems, not parts -of a filesystem and not directory trees that span more than one -filesystem, using either soft links ln(1) or mounting -one filesystem onto another. dump(8) does not write -files and directories to tape, but rather writes the data blocks -that are the building blocks of files and directories. -dump(8) has quirks that remain from its early days in -Version 6 of ATT Unix (circa 1975). The default parameters are -suitable for 9-track tapes (6250 bpi), not the high-density media -available today (up to 62,182 ftpi). These defaults must be -overridden on the command line to utilize the capacity of current -tape drives. - -

rdump(8) and rrestore(8) backup data -across the network to a tape drive attached to another computer. -Both programs rely upon rcmd(3) and ruserok(3) -to access the remote tape drive. Therefore, the user performing -the backup must have rhosts access to the remote -computer. The arguments to rdump(8) and -rrestore(8) must suitable to use on the remote computer. -(e.g. When rdump'ing from a FreeBSD computer to an -Exabyte tape drive connected to a Sun called komodo, use: /sbin/rdump -0dsbfu 54000 13000 126 komodo:/dev/nrst8 /dev/rsd0a 2>&1) -Beware: there are security implications to allowing -rhosts commands. Evaluate your situation carefully. - - - - Tar - -

tar(1) also dates back to Version 6 of ATT -Unix (circa 1975). tar(1) operates in cooperation with -the filesystem; tar(1) writes files and directories to -tape. tar(1) does not support the full range of options -that are available from cpio(1), but tar(1) -does not require the unusual command pipeline that -cpio(1) uses. - -

tar(1) does not support backups across the -network. You can use a pipeline and rsh(1) to send the -data to a remote tape drive. (XXX add an example command) - - Cpio - -

cpio(1) is the original Unix file interchange -tape program for magnetic media. cpio(1) has options (among -many others) to perform byte-swapping, write a number of -different archives format, and pipe the data to other programs. -This last feature makes cpio(1) and excellent choice for -installation media. cpio(1) does not know how to walk -the directory tree and a list of files must be provided thru STDIN. - -

cpio(1) does not support backups across the -network. You can use a pipeline and rsh(1) to send the -data to a remote tape drive. (XXX add an example command) - - -

Amanda (Advanced Maryland Network Disk Archiver) is a -client/server backup system, rather than a single program. An -Amanda server will backup to a single tape drive any number of -computers that have Amanda clients and network communications -with the Amanda server. A common problem at locations with a -number of large disks is the length of time required to backup to -data directly to tape exceeds the amount of time available for -the task. Amanda solves this problem. Amanda can use a "holding -disk" to backup several filesystems at the same time. Amanda -creates "archive sets": a group of tapes used over a period of -time to create full backups of all the filesystems listed in -Amanda's configuration file. The "archive set" also contains -nightly incremental (or differential) backups of all the -filesystems. Restoring a damaged filesystem requires the most -recent full backup and the incremental backups. - -

The configuration file provides fine control backups -and the network traffic that Amanda generates. Amanda will use -any of the above backup programs to write the data to tape. -Amanda is available as either a port or a package, it is not -installed by default. - - Do nothing -

"Do nothing" is not a computer program, but it is the -most widely used backup strategy. There are no initial costs. -There is no backup schedule to follow. Just say no. If -something happens to your data, grin and bear it! - -

If your time and your data is worth little to nothing, -then "Do nothing" is the most suitable backup program for your -computer. But beware, Unix is a useful tool, you may find that -within six months you have a collection of files that are -valuable to you. - -

"Do nothing" is the correct backup method for -/usr/obj and other directory trees that can be exactly -recreated by your computer. An example is the files that -comprise these handbook pages-they have been generated from -SGML input files. Creating backups of these -HTML files is not necessary. The SGML source -files are backed up regularly. - - Which Backup Program is Best? -

dump(8) Period. Elizabeth D. Zwicky -torture tested all the backup programs discussed here. The clear -choice for preserving all your data and all the peculiarities of -Unix filesystems is dump(8). Elizabeth created -filesystems containing a large variety of unusual conditions (and -some not so unusual ones) and tested each program by do a backup -and restore of that filesystems. The peculiarities included: -files with holes, files with holes and a block of nulls, files -with funny characters in their names, unreadable and unwriteable -files, devices, files that change size during the backup, files -that are created/deleted during the backup and more. She -presented the results at LISA V in Oct. 1991. - - Emergency Restore Procedure - Before the Disaster -

There are only four steps that you need to perform in -preparation for any disaster that may occur. - -

First, print the disklabel from each of your disks -(e.g. disklabel sd0 | lpr), your filesystem table -(/etc/fstab) and all boot messages, two copies of each. - -

Second, determine the boot and fixit floppies -(boot.flp and fixit.flp) have all your devices. The easiest way -to check is to reboot your machine with the boot floppy in the -floppy drive and check the boot messages. If all your devices -are listed and functional, skip on to step three. - -

Otherwise, you have to create two custom bootable -floppies which has a kernel that can mount your all of your disks -and access your tape drive. These floppies must contain: -fdisk(8), disklabel(8), newfs(8), -mount(8), and whichever backup program you use. These -programs must be statically linked. If you use dump(8), -the floppy must contain restore(8). - -

Third, create backup tapes regularly. -Any changes that you make after your last backup may be -irretrievably lost. Write-protect the backup tapes. - -

Fourth, test the floppies (either boot.flp and -fixit.flp or the two custom bootable floppies you made in step -two.) and backup tapes. Make notes of the procedure. Store -these notes with the bootable floppy, the printouts and the -backup tapes. You will be so distraught when restoring that the -notes may prevent you from destroying your backup tapes (How? In -place of tar xvf /dev/rst0, you might accidently type - tar cvf /dev/rst0 and over-write your backup tape). - -

For an added measure of security, make bootable -floppies and two backup tapes each time. Store one of each at a -remote location. A remote location is NOT the basement of the -same office building. A number of firms in the World Trade Center -learned this lesson the hard way. A remote location should be -physically separated from your computers and disk drives by a -significant distance. - -

An example script for creating a bootable floppy: - - #!/bin/sh - # - # create a restore floppy - # - # format the floppy - # - PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin - - fdformat -q fd0 - if [ $? -ne 0 ] - then - echo "Bad floppy, please use a new one" - exit 1 - fi - - # place boot blocks on the floppy - # - disklabel -w -B -b /usr/mdec/fdboot -s /usr/mdec/bootfd /dev/rfd0c fd1440 - - # - # newfs the one and only partition - # - newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -c 40 -i 5120 -m 5 -o space /dev/rfd0a - - # - # mount the new floppy - # - mount /dev/fd0a /mnt - - # - # create required directories - # - mkdir /mnt/dev - mkdir /mnt/bin - mkdir /mnt/sbin - mkdir /mnt/etc - mkdir /mnt/root - mkdir /mnt/mnt # for the root partition - mkdir /mnt/tmp - mkdir /mnt/var - - # - # populate the directories - # - if [ ! -x /sys/compile/MINI/kernel ] - then - cat << EOM - The MINI kernel does not exist, please create one. - Here is an example config file: - # - # MINI -- A kernel to get FreeBSD on onto a disk. - # - machine "i386" - cpu "I486_CPU" - ident MINI - maxusers 5 - - options INET # needed for _tcp _icmpstat _ipstat - # _udpstat _tcpstat _udb - options FFS #Berkeley Fast File System - options FAT_CURSOR #block cursor in syscons or pccons - options SCSI_DELAY=15 #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI device - options NCONS=2 #1 virtual consoles - options USERCONFIG #Allow user configuration with -c XXX - - config kernel root on sd0 swap on sd0 and sd1 dumps on sd0 - - controller isa0 - controller pci0 - - controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr - disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 - - controller ncr0 - - controller scbus0 - - device sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr - device npx0 at isa? port "IO_NPX" irq 13 vector npxintr - - device sd0 - device sd1 - device sd2 - - device st0 - - pseudo-device loop # required by INET - pseudo-device gzip # Exec gzipped a.out's - EOM - exit 1 - fi - - cp -f /sys/compile/MINI/kernel /mnt - - gzip -c -best /sbin/init > /mnt/sbin/init - gzip -c -best /sbin/fsck > /mnt/sbin/fsck - gzip -c -best /sbin/mount > /mnt/sbin/mount - gzip -c -best /sbin/halt > /mnt/sbin/halt - gzip -c -best /sbin/restore > /mnt/sbin/restore - - gzip -c -best /bin/sh > /mnt/bin/sh - gzip -c -best /bin/sync > /mnt/bin/sync - - cp /root/.profile /mnt/root - - cp -f /dev/MAKEDEV /mnt/dev - chmod 755 /mnt/dev/MAKEDEV - - chmod 500 /mnt/sbin/init - chmod 555 /mnt/sbin/fsck /mnt/sbin/mount /mnt/sbin/halt - chmod 555 /mnt/bin/sh /mnt/bin/sync - chmod 6555 /mnt/sbin/restore - - # - # create the devices nodes - # - cd /mnt/dev - ./MAKEDEV std - ./MAKEDEV sd0 - ./MAKEDEV sd1 - ./MAKEDEV sd2 - ./MAKEDEV st0 - ./MAKEDEV pty0 - cd / - - # - # create minimum filesystem table - # - cat > /mnt/etc/fstab < /mnt/etc/passwd < /mnt/etc/master.passwd < - - After the Disaster -

The key question is: did your hardware survive? You -have been doing regular backups so there is no need to worry -about the software. - -

If the hardware has been damaged. First, replace -those parts that have been damaged. - -

If your hardware is okay, check your floppies. If you -are using a custom boot floppy, boot single-user (type "-s" at -the "boot:" prompt). Skip the following paragraph. - -

If you are using the boot.flp and fixit.flp floppies, -keep reading. Insert the boot.flp floppy in the first floppy drive -and boot the computer. The original install menu will be displayed -on the screen. Select the "Fixit--Repair mode with CDROM or floppy." -option. Insert the fixit.flp when prompted. restore and -the other programs that you need are located in /mnt2/stand. - -

Recover each filesystem separately. - -

Try to mount(8) (e.g. mount /dev/sd0a /mnt) -the root partition of your first disk. If the disklabel was -damaged, use disklabel(8) to re-partition and label the -disk to match the label that your printed and saved. Use -newfs(8) to re-create the filesystems. Re-mount the -root partition of the floppy read-write ("mount -u -o rw -/mnt"). Use your backup program and backup tapes to recover -the data for this filesystem (e.g. restore vrf -/dev/st0). Unmount the filesystem (e.g. umount -/mnt) Repeat for each filesystem that was damaged. - -

Once your system is running, backup your data onto new -tapes. Whatever caused the crash or data loss may strike again. -An another hour spent now, may save you from further distress later. - - * I did not prepare for the Disaster, What Now? -* Serial ports -* Sound cards -* PCMCIA -* Other - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/install.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/install.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 59bbcd6..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/install.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,819 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Installing FreeBSD - -

So, you would like to try out FreeBSD on your system? - This section is a quick-start guide for what you need to - do. FreeBSD can be installed from a variety of media - including CD-ROM, floppy disk, magnetic tape, an MS-DOS - partition, and if you have a network connection, via - anonymous ftp or NFS. - - Regardless of the installation media you choose, you can - get started by downloading the installation disk - as described below. Booting your computer with disk will - provide important information about compatibility between - FreeBSD and your hardware which could dictate which - installation options are possible. It can also provide - early clues to compatibility problems that could prevent - FreeBSD running on your system at all. If you plan on - installing via anonymous FTP, then this installation disk - is all you need to download. - - For more information on obtaining the FreeBSD distribution - itself, please see in the Appendix. - - So, to get the show on the road, follow these steps: - - - Review the section of this installation guide to - be sure that your hardware is supported by FreeBSD. It - may be helpful to make a list of any special cards you - have installed, such as SCSI controllers, Ethernet - adapters or sound cards. This list should include - relevant configuration parameters such as interrupts - (IRQ) and IO port addresses.

- - Download the file to your hard - drive, and be sure to tell your browser to - save rather than display. - Note: This disk image can only be used with - 1.44 megabyte 3.5 inch floppy disks.

 - - Make the installation boot disk from the image file: - - If you are using MS-DOS download - , then run it like so: - -E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp a: - The - program will format the A: drive and then copy the - boot.flp image onto it (assuming that you're at the top - level of a FreeBSD distribution and the floppy images - live in the floppies subdirectory).

 - - If you are using a UNIX system: - -% dd if=boot.flp of=disk_device - - where disk_device is the /dev - entry for the floppy drive. On FreeBSD systems, this - is /dev/fd0 for the A: drive and - /dev/fd1 for the B: drive.

 - -

- - With the installation disk in the A: drive, reboot your - computer. You should get a boot prompt something like this: - ->> FreeBSD BOOT ... -Usage: [[[0:][wd](0,a)]/kernel][-abcCdhrsv] -Use 1:sd(0,a)kernel to boot sd0 if it is BIOS drive 1 -Use ? for file list or press Enter for defaults -Boot: - - If you do not type anything, FreeBSD will automatically boot - with its default configuration after a delay of about - five seconds. As FreeBSD boots, it probes your computer - to determine what hardware is installed. The results of - this probing is displayed on the screen.

 - - When the booting process is finished, The main FreeBSD - installation menu will be displayed. - - - -

If something goes wrong... - -

Due to limitations of the PC architecture, it is - impossible for probing to be 100 percent reliable. In the event - that your hardware is incorrectly identified, or that the - probing causes your computer to lock up, first check the - section of this installation guide to be - sure that your hardware is indeed supported by FreeBSD. - -

If your hardware is supported, reset the computer and when - the Boot: prompt comes up, type -c. This puts - FreeBSD into a configuration mode where you can supply - hints about your hardware. The FreeBSD kernel on the - installation disk is configured assuming that most hardware - devices are in their factory default configuration in terms - of IRQs, IO addresses and DMA channels. If your hardware - has been reconfigured, you will most likely need to use the - -c option at boot to tell FreeBSD where things are. - -

It is also possible that a probe for a device not present - will cause a later probe for another device that is present - to fail. In that case, the probes for the conflicting - driver(s) should be disabled. - -

In the configuration mode, you can: - - - List the device drivers installed in the kernel. - Disable device drivers for hardware not present in your - system. - Change the IRQ, DRQ, and IO port addresses used by a - device driver. - - -

While at the config> prompt, type - help for more information on the available - commands. After adjusting the kernel to match how you have - your hardware configured, type quit at the - config> prompt to continue booting with the new - settings. - - After FreeBSD has been installed, changes made in the - configuration mode will be permanent so you do not have - to reconfigure every time you boot. Even so, it is likely - that you will want to build a custom kernel to optimize the - performance of your system. See for more information on - creating custom kernels. - - Supported Configurations - -

FreeBSD currently runs on a wide variety of ISA, VLB, - EISA and PCI bus based PC's, ranging from 386sx to - Pentium class machines (though the 386sx is not - recommended). Support for generic IDE or ESDI drive - configurations, various SCSI controller, network and - serial cards is also provided. - - A minimum of four megabytes of RAM is required to run FreeBSD. - To run the X Window System, eight megabytes of RAM is the - recommended minimum. - - Following is a list of all disk controllers and Ethernet - cards currently known to work with FreeBSD. Other - configurations may very well work, and we have simply not - received any indication of this. - - Disk Controllers - -

- - WD1003 (any generic MFM/RLL) - WD1007 (any generic IDE/ESDI) - IDE - ATA - - Adaptec 1505 ISA SCSI controller - Adaptec 152x series ISA SCSI controllers - Adaptec 1535 ISA SCSI controllers - Adaptec 154x series ISA SCSI controllers - Adaptec 174x series EISA SCSI controller in - standard and enhanced mode. - Adaptec 274x/284x/2940/2940U/3940 - (Narrow/Wide/Twin) - series EISA/VLB/PCI SCSI controllers - Adaptec AIC7850 on-board SCSI controllers - Adaptec - - AIC-6360 based boards, - which includes the AHA-152x and SoundBlaster SCSI - cards. - - Note: You cannot boot from the - SoundBlaster cards as they have no on-board BIOS, - which is necessary for mapping the boot device into - the system BIOS I/O vectors. They are perfectly - usable for external tapes, CDROMs, etc, however. - The same goes for any other AIC-6x60 based card - without a boot ROM. Some systems DO have a boot - ROM, which is generally indicated by some sort of - message when the system is first powered up or - reset. Check your system/board documentation for - more details. - - Buslogic 545S & 545c - Note: that Buslogic was formerly known as "Bustek". - Buslogic 445S/445c VLB SCSI controller - Buslogic 742A/747S/747c EISA SCSI controller. - Buslogic 946c PCI SCSI controller - Buslogic 956c PCI SCSI controller - - NCR 53C810/53C815/53C825/53C860/53C875 PCI SCSI controller. - NCR5380/NCR53400 (``ProAudio Spectrum'') SCSI controller. - - DTC 3290 EISA SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode. - - UltraStor 14F/24F/34F SCSI controllers. - - Seagate ST01/02 SCSI controllers. - - Future Domain 8xx/950 series SCSI controllers. - - WD7000 SCSI controllers. - - - - With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is - provided for SCSI-I & SCSI-II peripherals, - including Disks, tape drives (including DAT) and CD ROM - drives. - - The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at this - time: - - - SoundBlaster SCSI and ProAudio Spectrum SCSI (cd) - Mitsumi (all models) proprietary interface (mcd) - Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative) - CR-562/CR-563 proprietary interface (matcd) - Sony proprietary interface (scd) - ATAPI IDE interface - (experimental and should be considered ALPHA quality!) - (wcd) - - - Ethernet cards - -

- - - Allied-Telesis AT1700 and RE2000 cards - - SMC Elite 16 WD8013 Ethernet interface, and - most other WD8003E, WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, - WD8003S, WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT based clones. SMC - Elite Ultra is also supported. - - DEC EtherWORKS III NICs (DE203, DE204, and DE205) - DEC EtherWORKS II NICs (DE200, DE201, DE202, and DE422) - DEC DC21040/DC21041/DC21140 based NICs: - - ASUS PCI-L101-TB - Accton ENI1203 - Cogent EM960PCI - Compex CPXPCI/32C - D-Link DE-530 - DEC DE435 - Danpex EN-9400P3 - JCIS Condor JC1260 - Linksys EtherPCI - Mylex LNP101 - SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332) - SMC EtherPower (Model 8432) - SMC EtherPower (2) - Zynx ZX342 - - DEC FDDI (DEFPA/DEFEA) NICs - - Fujitsu FMV-181 and FMV-182 - - Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A - - Intel EtherExpress - - Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B 100Mbit. - - Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit) - Isolink 4110 (8 bit) - - Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100 ethernet interface. - - 3Com 3C501 cards - - 3Com 3C503 Etherlink II - - 3Com 3c505 Etherlink/+ - - 3Com 3C507 Etherlink 16/TP - - 3Com 3C509, 3C579, 3C589 (PCMCIA) Etherlink III - - 3Com 3C590, 3C595 Etherlink III - - HP PC Lan Plus (27247B and 27252A) - - Toshiba ethernet cards - - PCMCIA ethernet cards from IBM and National - Semiconductor are also supported. - - -

Note: FreeBSD does not currently support - PnP (plug-n-play) features present on some ethernet - cards. If your card has PnP and is giving you problems, - try disabling its PnP features. - - Miscellaneous devices - -

- - AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ. - - ARNET 8 port serial card using shared IRQ. - - BOCA IOAT66 6 port serial card using shared IRQ. - - BOCA 2016 16 port serial card using shared IRQ. - - Cyclades Cyclom-y Serial Board. - - STB 4 port card using shared IRQ. - - SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board. - - SDL Communications RISCom/N2 and N2pci sync serial cards. - - Digiboard Sync/570i high-speed sync serial card. - - Decision-Computer Intl. "Eight-Serial" 8 port serial cards - using shared IRQ. - - Adlib, SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, - ProAudioSpectrum, Gravis UltraSound, Gravis UltraSound MAX - and Roland MPU-401 sound cards. - - Matrox Meteor video frame grabber. - - Creative Labs Video spigot frame grabber. - - Omnimedia Talisman frame grabber. - - X-10 power controllers. - - PC joystick and speaker. - - - FreeBSD does not currently support IBM's microchannel (MCA) bus. - - Preparing for the installation - -

There are a number of different methods by which FreeBSD - can be installed. The following describes what - preparation needs to be done for each type. - - Before installing from CDROM - -

If your CDROM is of an unsupported type, then please - skip to . - - There is not a lot of preparatory work that needs to be done to - successfully install from one of Walnut Creek's FreeBSD CDROMs (other - CDROM distributions may work as well, though we cannot say for certain - as we have no hand or say in how they are created). You can either - boot into the CD installation directly from DOS using Walnut Creek's - supplied ``install.bat'' batch file or you can make a boot floppy with - the ``makeflp.bat'' command. [NOTE: If you are running - FreeBSD 2.1-RELEASE and have an IDE CDROM, use the - inst_ide.bat or atapiflp.bat batch files instead]. - - For the easiest interface of all (from DOS), type - ``view''. This will bring up a DOS menu utility that - leads you through all the available options. - - If you are creating the boot floppy from a UNIX machine, - see for examples. of how to create the boot floppy. - - Once you have booted from DOS or floppy, you should then - be able to select CDROM as the media type in the Media - menu and load the entire distribution from CDROM. No - other types of installation media should be required. - - After your system is fully installed and you have rebooted - from the hard disk, you can mount the CDROM at any time by - typing: mount /cdrom - - Before removing the CD again, also note that it is necessary to first - type: umount /cdrom. Do not just remove it from the drive! - - Special note: Before invoking the - installation, be sure that the CDROM is in the drive - so that the install probe can find it. This is also - true if you wish the CDROM to be added to the default - system configuration automatically during the install - (whether or not you actually use it as the - installation media). - - - Finally, if you would like people to be able to FTP - install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM in your - machine, you will find it quite easy. After the machine - is fully installed, you simply need to add the - following line to the password file (using the vipw - command): - - -ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent - - - Anyone with network connectivity to your machine (and permission - to log into it) can now chose a Media type of FTP and type - in: ftp://your machine after picking ``Other'' - in the ftp sites menu. - - Before installing from Floppy - -

If you must install from floppy disks, either due to - unsupported hardware or simply because you enjoy doing - things the hard way, you must first prepare some - floppies for the install. - - You will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB or 1.2MB floppies as - it takes to hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) - directory. If you are preparing these floppies under DOS, then - THESE floppies *must* be formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT - command. If you are using Windows, use the Windows File - Manager format command. - - Do not trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format - them again yourself, just to make sure. Many problems - reported by our users in the past have resulted from the use - of improperly formatted media, which is why I am taking such - special care to mention it here! - - If you are creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, - a format is still not a bad idea though you do nott need to put - a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You can use the `disklabel' - and `newfs' commands to put a UFS filesystem on them instead, - as the following sequence of commands (for a 3.5" 1.44MB floppy - disk) illustrates: - - - fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 - disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3 - newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0 - -(Use "fd0.1200" and "floppy5" for 5.25" 1.2MB disks). - - - Then you can mount and write to them like any other file - system. - - After you have formatted the floppies, you will need to copy - the files onto them. The distribution files are split into - chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a - conventional 1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, - packing as many files as will fit on each one, until you have - got all the distributions you want packed up in this fashion. - Each distribution should go into a subdirectory on the - floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.aa, - a:\bin\bin.ab, and so on. - - Once you come to the Media screen of the install, - select ``Floppy'' and you will be prompted for the rest. - - - - Before installing from a MS-DOS partition - -

To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition, - copy the files from the distribution into a directory - called C:\FREEBSD. The directory tree structure - of the CDROM must be partially reproduced within this directory - so we suggest using the DOS xcopy - command. For example, to prepare for a minimal installation of - FreeBSD: - -C> MD C:\FREEBSD -C> XCOPY /S E:\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN\ -C> XCOPY /S E:\MANPAGES C:\FREEBSD\MANPAGES\ - - assuming that C: is where you have free space - and E: is where your CDROM is mounted. - - For as many `DISTS' you wish to install from MS-DOS - (and you have free space for), install each one under - C:\FREEBSD - the BIN dist is only the - minimal requirement. - - Before installing from QIC/SCSI Tape - -

Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, - short of an on-line install using FTP or a CDROM - install. The installation program expects the files to - be simply tar'ed onto the tape, so after getting all of - the files for distribution you are interested in, simply - tar them onto the tape with a command like: - -cd /freebsd/distdir -tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2 - - - When you go to do the installation, you should also - make sure that you leave enough room in some temporary - directory (which you will be allowed to choose) to - accommodate the full contents of the tape you have - created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, - this method of installation requires quite a bit of - temporary storage. You should expect to require as - much temporary storage as you have stuff written on - tape. - - Note: When going to do the - installation, the tape must be in the drive - before booting from the boot floppy. The - installation probe may otherwise fail to find it. - - -Before installing over a network - -

You can do network installations over 3 types of - communications links: - - Serial port SLIP or PPP - Parallel port PLIP (laplink cable) - Ethernet A - standard ethernet controller (includes some PCMCIA). - - - SLIP support is rather primitive, and limited primarily - to hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running - between a laptop computer and another computer. The - link should be hard-wired as the SLIP installation - does not currently offer a dialing capability; that - facility is provided with the PPP utility, which should - be used in preference to SLIP whenever possible. - - If you are using a modem, then PPP is almost certainly - your only choice. Make sure that you have your service - provider's information handy as you will need to know it - fairly soon in the installation process. You will need - to know, at the minimum, your service provider's IP - address and possibly your own (though you can also - leave it blank and allow PPP to negotiate it with your - ISP). You also need to know how to use the various ``AT - commands'' to dial the ISP with your particular modem as - the PPP dialer provides only a very simple terminal - emulator. - - If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or - later) machine is available, you might also consider - installing over a ``laplink'' parallel port cable. The - data rate over the parallel port is much higher than - what is typically possible over a serial line (up to - 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. - - Finally, for the fastest possible network installation, - an ethernet adaptor is always a good choice! FreeBSD - supports most common PC ethernet cards, a table of - supported cards (and their required settings) is - provided in . If you are using one of the supported - PCMCIA ethernet cards, also be sure that it is plugged - in before the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD - does not, unfortunately, currently support hot - insertion of PCMCIA cards during installation. - - You will also need to know your IP address on the - network, the netmask value for your address class, - and the name of your machine. Your system - administrator can tell you which values to use for your - particular network setup. If you will be referring to - other hosts by name rather than IP address, you will also - need a name server and possibly the address of a - gateway (if you are using PPP, it is your provider's IP - address) to use in talking to it. If you do not know - the answers to all or most of these questions, then you - should really probably talk to your system - administrator first before trying this type of - installation. - - Once you have a network link of some sort working, the - installation can continue over NFS or FTP. - - Preparing for NFS installation - -

NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply - copy the FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a - server somewhere and then point the NFS media - selection at it. - - If this server supports only ``privileged port'' access - (as is generally the default for Sun workstations), - you will need to set this option in the Options menu - before installation can proceed. - - If you have a poor quality ethernet card which - suffers from very slow transfer rates, you may also - wish to toggle the appropriate Options flag. - - In order for NFS installation to work, the server - must support subdir mounts, e.g., if your FreeBSD - &rel.current; distribution directory lives on: - ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD Then ziggy will have - to allow the direct mounting of - /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or - /usr/archive/stuff. - - In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file, this is controlled by - the ``-alldirs'' option. Other NFS servers may have - different conventions. If you are getting - `Permission Denied' messages from the server then - it is likely that you do not have this enabled - properly. - - Preparing for FTP Installation - -

FTP installation may be done from any mirror site - containing a reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD - &rel.current;. A full menu of reasonable choices from almost - anywhere in the world is provided by the FTP site - menu. - - If you are installing from some other FTP site not - listed in this menu, or you are having troubles - getting your name server configured properly, you can - also specify your own URL by selecting the ``Other'' - choice in that menu. A URL can also be a direct IP - address, so the following would work in the absence - of a name server: - - -ftp://192.216.222.4/pub/FreeBSD/&rel.current;-RELEASE - - - There are two FTP installation modes you can use: - - - FTP Active - - For all FTP transfers, use ``Active'' mode. This - will not work through firewalls, but will often - work with older ftp servers that do not support - passive mode. If your connection hangs with - passive mode (the default), try active! - - FTP Passive - - For all FTP transfers, use ``Passive'' mode. This - allows the user to pass through firewalls that do - not allow incoming connections on random port - addresses. - - - - Note: Active and passive modes are - not the same as a `proxy' connection, where a proxy - FTP server is listening and forwarding FTP requests! - - For a proxy FTP server, you should usually give name of - the server you really want as a part of the username, - after an @-sign. The proxy server then 'fakes' the real - server. An example: Say you want to install from - ftp.freebsd.org, using the proxy FTP server foo.bar.com, - listening on port 1234. - - In this case, you go to the options menu, set the FTP - username to ftp@ftp.freebsd.org, and the password to your - e-mail address. As your installation media, you specify - FTP (or passive FTP, if the proxy support it), and the URL - -ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD - - /pub/FreeBSD from ftp.freebsd.org is proxied under - foo.bar.com, allowing you to install from _that_ machine - (which fetch the files from ftp.freebsd.org as your - installation requests them). - - Installing FreeBSD - -

Once you have taken note of the appropriate - preinstallation steps, you should be able to install - FreeBSD without any further trouble. - - Should this not be true, then you may wish to go back and - re-read the relevant preparation section above - for the installation media type you are trying to use, - perhaps there is a helpful hint there that you missed the - first time? If you are having hardware trouble, or - FreeBSD refuses to boot at all, read the Hardware Guide - provided on the boot floppy for a list of possible - solutions. - - The FreeBSD boot floppy contains all the on-line - documentation you should need to be able to navigate - through an installation and if it does not then we would - like to know what you found most confusing. Send your - comments to the &a.doc;. - It is the objective of the - FreeBSD installation program (sysinstall) to be - self-documenting enough that painful ``step-by-step'' - guides are no longer necessary. It may take us a little - while to reach that objective, but that is the objective! - - Meanwhile, you may also find the following ``typical - installation sequence'' to be helpful: - - - Boot the boot floppy. After a boot sequence - which can take anywhere from 30 seconds to 3 - minutes, depending on your hardware, you should be - presented with a menu of initial choices. If the - floppy does not boot at all, or the boot hangs at some - stage, go read the Q&A section of the Hardware Guide - for possible causes. - - Press F1. You should see some basic usage - instructions on the menu system and general - navigation. If you have not used this menu system - before then PLEASE read this thoroughly! - - Select the Options item and set any special - preferences you may have. - - Select a Novice, Custom or Express install, depending on - whether or not you would like the installation to help - you through a typical installation, give you a high degree of - control over each step of the installation or simply whizz - through it (using reasonable defaults when possible) as fast - as possible. If you have never used FreeBSD before then the - Novice installation method is most recommended. - - The final configuration menu choice allows you to - further configure your FreeBSD installation by giving you - menu-driven access to various system defaults. Some - items, like networking, may be especially important - if you did a CDROM/Tape/Floppy installation and have - not yet configured your network interfaces (assuming - you have any). Properly configuring such interfaces - here will allow FreeBSD to come up on the network - when you first reboot from the hard disk. - - - MS-DOS user's Questions and Answers - -

Many FreeBSD users wish to install FreeBSD on PCs inhabited - by MS-DOS. Here are some commonly asked questions about - installing FreeBSD on such systems. - -

Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete - everything first? - - If your machine is already running MS-DOS and has little - or no free space available for FreeBSD's installation, - all is not lost! You may find the FIPS utility, provided - in the tools directory on the FreeBSD CDROM or - on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful. - - FIPS allows you to split an existing MS-DOS partition - into two pieces, preserving the original partition and - allowing you to install onto the second free piece. You - first defragment your MS-DOS partition, using the DOS - 6.xx DEFRAG utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run - FIPS. It will prompt you for the rest of the information - it needs. Afterwards, you can reboot and install FreeBSD - on the new free slice. See the Distributions - menu for an estimation of how much free space you will need - for the kind of installation you want. - - - Can I use compressed MS-DOS filesystems from - FreeBSD? - - No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or - DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use - whatever portion of the filesystem you leave - uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem will show up as - one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). Do not - remove that file! You will probably regret it - greatly! - - It is probably better to create another uncompressed - MS-DOS primary partition and use this for communications - between MS-DOS and FreeBSD. - - - Can I mount my MS-DOS extended partitions? - - Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other - ``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5, - your E: drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of - course, that your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, - substitute ``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended - partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.: - - -mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d - - - Can I run MS-DOS binaries under FreeBSD? - - Not yet! We would like to add support for this someday, but - are still lacking anyone to actually do the work. BSDI has - also donated their DOS emulator to the BSD world and this is slowly - being ported to FreeBSD-current. - - Send mail to the &a.emulation if you're interested in joining - this effort! - - In the interim, there is a nice application available in the - called pcemu - which allows you to run many basic MS-DOS text-mode binaries - by entirely emulating an 8088 CPU. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/isdn.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/isdn.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index f3f51bf..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/isdn.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,226 +0,0 @@ - - - -ISDN - -

Last modified by &a.wlloyd;. - -

A good resource for information on ISDN technology and hardware is -. - -A quick simple roadmap to ISDN follows: - -If you live in Europe I suggest you investigate the ISDN card -section. - -If you are planning to use ISDN primarily to connect to the -Internet with an Internet Provider on a dialup non-dedicated basis, I -suggest you look into Terminal Adapters. This will give you the most -flexibility, with the fewest problems, if you change providers. - -If you are connecting two lans together, or connecting to the -Internet with a dedicated ISDN connection, I suggest you consider the -stand alone router/bridge option. - - -

Cost is a significant factor in determining what solution you will -choose. The following options are listed from least expensive to most -expensive. - -ISDN Cards - -

Original Contribution by &a.hm;. - -

This section is really only relevant to European ISDN users. The -cards supported are not yet(?) available for North American ISDN -standards. - -

You should be aware that this code is largely under development. -Specifically, drivers have only been written for two manufacturers -cards. - -

PC ISDN cards support the full bandwidth of ISDN, 128Kbs. These -cards are often the least expensive type of ISDN equipment. - -

Under FreeBSD 2.1.0 and 2.1.5, there is early unfinished ISDN code -under /usr/src/gnu/isdn. This code is out of date and should not be -used. If you want to go this route, get the bisdn stuff. This code -has been removed from the main source tree starting with FreeBSD 2.2. - -

There is the bisdn ISDN package available from - -supporting FreeBSD 2.1R, FreeBSD-current and NetBSD. -The latest source can be found on the above mentioned ftp server under -directory isdn as file bisdn-097.tar.gz. - -There are drivers for the following cards: - -Currently all (passive) Teles cards and their clones are supported -for the EuroISDN (DSS1) and 1TR6 protocols. -Dr. Neuhaus - Niccy 1016 - - -There are several limitations with the bisdn stuff. Specifically the -following features usually associated with ISDN are not supported. - - -No PPP support, only raw hdlc. This means you cannot connect to most -standalone routers. -Bridging Control Protocol not supported. -Multiple cards are not supported. -No bandwidth on demand. -No channel bundling. - - -A majordomo maintained mailing list is available, to subscribe, send the -usual majordomo requests to -. - -ISDN Terminal Adapters - -

Terminal adapters(TA), are to ISDN what modems are to regular phone -lines. -

Most TA's use the standard hayes modem AT command set, and can be -used as a drop in replacement for a modem. - -A TA will operate basically the same as a modem except connection and -throughput speeds will be much faster than your old modem. You will -need to configure exactly the same as for a -modem setup. Make sure you set your serial speed as high as possible. - -The main advantage of using a TA to connect to an Internet Provider is -that you can do Dynamic PPP. As IP address space becomes more and more -scarce, most providers are not willing to provide you with a static IP -anymore. Most standalone routers are not able to accommodate dynamic IP -allocation. - -TA's completely rely on the PPP daemon that you are running for their -features and stability of connection. This allows you to upgrade easily -from using a modem to ISDN on a FreeBSD machine, if you already have PPP -setup. However, at the same time any problems you experienced with the -PPP program and are going to persist. - -If you want maximum stability, use the kernel -option, not the user-land . -

The following TA's are know to work with FreeBSD. - - -Motorola BitSurfer and Bitsurfer Pro -Adtran - - -Most other TA's will probably work as well, TA vendors try to make sure -their product can accept most of the standard modem AT command set. - -The real problem with external TA's is like modems you need a good -serial card in your computer. - -You should read the section in the -handbook for a detailed understanding of serial devices, and the -differences between asynchronous and synchronous serial ports. - -A TA running off a standard PC serial port (asynchronous) limits you to -115.2Kbs, even though you have a 128Kbs connection. To fully utilize -the 128Kbs that ISDN is capable of, you must move the TA to a -synchronous serial card. - -Do not be fooled into buying an internal TA and thinking you have -avoided the synchronous/asynchronous issue. Internal TA's simply have a -standard PC serial port chip built into them. All this will do, is save -you having to buy another serial cable, and find another empty -electrical socket. - -A synchronous card with a TA is at least as fast as a standalone router, -and with a simple 386 FreeBSD box driving it, probably more flexible. - -The choice of sync/TA vs standalone router is largely a religious -issue. There has been some discussion of this in the mailing lists. I -suggest you search the for the complete discussion. - -Standalone ISDN Bridges/Routers - -

ISDN bridges or routers are not at all specific to FreeBSD or any -other operating system. For a more complete description of routing and -bridging technology, please refer to a Networking reference book. - -In the context of this page, I will use router and bridge -interchangeably. - -

As the cost of low end ISDN routers/bridges comes down, it will -likely become a more and more popular choice. An ISDN router is a small -box that plugs directly into your local Ethernet network(or card), and -manages its own connection to the other bridge/router. It has all the -software to do PPP and other protocols built in. - -A router will allow you much faster throughput that a standard TA, since -it will be using a full synchronous ISDN connection. - -The main problem with ISDN routers and bridges is that interoperability -between manufacturers can still be a problem. If you are planning to -connect to an Internet provider, I recommend that you discuss your needs -with them. - -

If you are planning to connect two lan segments together, ie: home -lan to the office lan, this is the simplest lowest maintenance -solution. Since you are buying the equipment for both sides of the -connection you can be assured that the link will work. - -For example to connect a home computer or branch office network to a -head office network the following setup could be used. - -Branch office or Home network - -Network is 10 Base T Ethernet. Connect router to network cable with -AUI/10BT transceiver, if necessary. - - ----Sun workstation -| ----FreeBSD box -| ----Windows 95 (Do not admit to owning it) -| -Standalone router - | -ISDN BRI line - -If your home/branch office is only one computer you can use a twisted -pair crossover cable to connect to the standalone router directly. - -Head office or other lan - -Network is Twisted Pair Ethernet. - - -------Novell Server - | H | - | ---Sun - | | - | U ---FreeBSD - | | - | ---Windows 95 - | B | - |___---Standalone router - | - ISDN BRI line - - -One large advantage of most routers/bridges is that they allow you to -have 2 SEPARATE INDEPENDENT PPP connections to 2 separate sites at the -SAME time. This is not supported on most TA's, except for -specific(expensive) models that have two serial ports. Do not confuse -this with channel bonding, MPP etc. - -This can be very useful feature, for example if you have an dedicated -internet ISDN connection at your office and would like to tap into it, -but don't want to get another ISDN line at work. A router at the office -location can manage a dedicated B channel connection (64Kbs) to the -internet, as well as a use the other B channel for a separate data connection. -The second B channel can be used for dialin, dialout or dynamically -bond(MPP etc.) with the first B channel for more bandwidth. - -

An Ethernet bridge will also allow you to transmit more than just -IP traffic, you can also send IPX/SPX or whatever other protocols you -use.

diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/kerberos.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/kerberos.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index e2c264e..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/kerberos.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,480 +0,0 @@ - - - -Kerberos - -

Contributed by &a.markm; (based on contribution by &a.md;). - - Kerberos is a network add-on system/protocol that allows users to - authenticate themselves through the services of a secure server. - Services such as remote login, remote copy, secure inter-system - file copying and other high-risk tasks are made considerably safer - and more controllable. - - The following instructions can be used as a guide on how to - set up Kerberos as distributed for FreeBSD. However, you should refer - to the relevant manual pages for a complete description. - - In FreeBSD, the Kerberos is not that from the original 4.4BSD-Lite, - distribution, but eBones, which had been previously ported to - FreeBSD 1.1.5.1, and was sourced from outside the USA/Canada, - and is thus available to system owners outside those countries. - - For those needing to get a legal foreign distribution of this - software, please DO NOT get it from a USA or Canada site. - You will get that site in big trouble! A legal copy of this is - available from skeleton.mikom.csir.co.za, which is in South - Africa. - - - Creating the initial database - -

This is done on the Kerberos server only. First make sure that your - do not have any old Kerberos databases around. You should change to the - directory /etc/kerberosIV and check that only the following - files are present: - - -grunt# cd /etc/kerberosIV -grunt# ls -README krb.conf krb.realms - - -

If any additional files (such as principal.* or - master_key) exist, then use the kdb_destroy - command to destroy the old Kerberos database, of if Kerberos - is not running, simply delete the extra files with rm. - - You should now edit the krb.conf and krb.realms - files to define your Kerberos realm. In this case the realm will - be GRONDAR.ZA and the server is grunt.grondar.za. - We edit or create the krb.conf file: - - -grunt# cat krb.conf -GRONDAR.ZA -GRONDAR.ZA grunt.grondar.za admin server -CS.BERKELEY.EDU okeeffe.berkeley.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-1.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-2.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-3.mit.edu -LCS.MIT.EDU kerberos.lcs.mit.edu -TELECOM.MIT.EDU bitsy.mit.edu -ARC.NASA.GOV trident.arc.nasa.gov - - -

In this case, the other realms do not need to be there. - They are here as an example of how a machine may be made aware - of multiple realms. You may wish to not include them for simplicity. - - The first line names the realm in which this system works. The other - lines contain realm/host entries. The first item on a line is a realm, - and the second is a host in that realm that is acting as a ``key - distribution centre''. The words ``admin server'' following a hosts - name means that host also provides an administrative database server. - For further explanation of these terms, please consult the Kerberos - man pages. - - Now we have to add grunt.grondar.za to the GRONDAR.ZA - realm and also add an entry to put all hosts in the .grondar.za - domain in the GRONDAR.ZA realm. The krb.realms file - would be updated as follows: - - - grunt# cat krb.realms - grunt.grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA - .grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA - .berkeley.edu CS.BERKELEY.EDU - .MIT.EDU ATHENA.MIT.EDU - .mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU - - -

Again, the other realms do not need to be there. - They are here as an example of how a machine may be made aware - of multiple realms. You may wish to remove them to simplify things. - - The first line puts the specific system into the named - realm. The rest of the lines show how to default systems of a - particular subdomain to a named realm. - - Now we are ready to create the database. This only needs to run on - the Kerberos server (or Key Distribution Centre). Issue the - kdb_init command to do this: - - -grunt# kdb_init -Realm name [default ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: GRONDAR.ZA -You will be prompted for the database Master Password. -It is important that you NOT FORGET this password. - -Enter Kerberos master key: - - -

Now we have to save the key so that servers on the local - machine can pick it up. Use the kstash command to - do this. - - -grunt# kstash - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! - - -

This saves the encrypted master password in - /etc/kerberosIV/master_key. - - - Making it all run - -

Two principals need to be added to the database for each - system that will be secured with Kerberos. Their names are - kpasswd and rcmd These two principals are - made for each system, with the instance being the name of the - individual system. - - These daemons, kpasswd and rcmd allow other systems - to change Kerberos passwords and run commands like rcp, - rlogin and rsh. - - Now lets add these entries: - - -grunt# kdb_edit -Opening database... - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Previous or default values are in [brackets] , -enter return to leave the same, or new value. - -Principal name: passwd -Instance: grunt - -, Create [y] ? y - -Principal: passwd, Instance: grunt, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- enter RANDOM here -Verifying password - -New Password: <---- enter RANDOM here - -Random password [y] ? y - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: rcmd -Instance: grunt - -, Create [y] ? - -Principal: rcmd, Instance: grunt, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- enter RANDOM here -Verifying password - -New Password: <---- enter RANDOM here - -Random password [y] ? - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: <---- null entry here will cause an exit - - - - Creating the server file - -

We now have to extract all the instances which define the services - on each machine. For this we use the ext_srvtab command. - This will create a file which must be copied or moved by secure - means to each Kerberos client's /etc/kerberosIV directory. This - file must be present on each server and client, and is crucial to the - operation of Kerberos. - - -grunt# ext_srvtab grunt - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Generating 'grunt-new-srvtab'.... - - -

Now, this command only generates a temporary file - which must be renamed to srvtab so that all the - server can pick it up. Use the mv command to move it - into place on the original system: - - -grunt# mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab - - -

If the file is for a client system, and the network is not - deemed safe, then copy the <client>-new-srvtab to - removable media and transport it by secure physical means. Be - sure to rename it to srvtab in the client's - /etc/kerberosIV directory, and make sure it is mode 600: - - -grumble# mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab -grumble# chmod 600 srvtab - - - - Populating the database - -

We now have to add some user entries into the database. - First lets create an entry for the user jane. Use - the kdb_edit command to do this: - - -grunt# kdb_edit -Opening database... - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Previous or default values are in [brackets] , -enter return to leave the same, or new value. - -Principal name: jane -Instance: - -, Create [y] ? y - -Principal: jane, Instance: , kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- enter a secure password here -Verifying password - -New Password: <---- re-enter the password here - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: <---- null entry here will cause an exit - - - - Testing it all out - -

First we have to start the Kerberos daemons. NOTE that if you have - correctly edited your /etc/sysconfig then this will happen - automatically when you reboot. This is only necessary on the Kerberos - server. Kerberos clients will automagically get what they need from - the /etc/kerberosIV directory. - - -grunt# kerberos & -grunt# Kerberos server starting - Sleep forever on error - Log file is /var/log/kerberos.log -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1 -Local realm: GRONDAR.ZA -grunt# kadmind -n & -grunt# KADM Server KADM0.0A initializing -Please do not use 'kill -9' to kill this job, use a -regular kill instead - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! - - -

Now we can try using the kinit command to get a ticket for - the id jane that we created above: - - -grunt$ kinit jane -MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) -Kerberos Initialization for "jane" -Password: - - -

Try listing the tokens using klist to see if we really have them: - - -grunt$ klist -Ticket file: /tmp/tkt245 -Principal: jane@GRONDAR.ZA - - Issued Expires Principal -Apr 30 11:23:22 Apr 30 19:23:22 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA - - -

Now try changing the password using passwd to check if the - kpasswd daemon can get authorization to the Kerberos database: - - -grunt$ passwd -realm GRONDAR.ZA -Old password for jane: -New Password for jane: -Verifying password -New Password for jane: -Password changed. - - - - Adding su privileges - -

Kerberos allows us to give each user who needs root - privileges their own separate supassword. We - could now add an id which is authorized to su to root. - This is controlled by having an instance of root associated - with a principal. Using kdb_edit we can create the entry - jane.root in the Kerberos database: - - -grunt# kdb_edit -Opening database... - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Previous or default values are in [brackets] , -enter return to leave the same, or new value. - -Principal name: jane -Instance: root - -, Create [y] ? y - -Principal: jane, Instance: root, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- enter a SECURE password here -Verifying password - -New Password: <---- re-enter the password here - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 12 <--- Keep this short! -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: <---- null entry here will cause an exit - - -

Now try getting tokens for it to make sure it works: - - -grunt# kinit jane.root -MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) -Kerberos Initialization for "jane.root" -Password: - - -

Now we need to add the user to root's .klogin file: - - -grunt# cat /root/.klogin -jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA - - -

Now try doing the su: - - -[jane@grunt 10407] su -Password: -grunt# - - - and take a look at what tokens we have: - - -grunt# klist -Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_245 -Principal: jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA - - Issued Expires Principal -May 2 20:43:12 May 3 04:43:12 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA - - - - Using other commands - -

In an earlier example, we created a principal called jane - with an instance root. This was based on a user with the - same name as the principal, and this is a Kerberos default; that a - <principal>.<instance> of the form - <username>.root will allow that - <username> to su to root if the necessary - entries are in the .klogin file in root's home - directory: - - -grunt# cat /root/.klogin -jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA - - -

Likewise, if a user has in their own home directory lines of the - form: - - -[jane@grunt 10543] cat ~/.klogin -jane@GRONDAR.ZA -jack@GRONDAR.ZA - - -

This allows anyone in the GRONDAR.ZA realm who has - authenticated themselves to jane or jack (via - kinit, see above) access to rlogin to jane's - account or files on this system (grunt) via rlogin, - rsh or rcp. - - For example, Jane now logs into another system, using Kerberos: - - -[jane@grumble 573] kinit -MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) -Password: -[jane@grumble 574] rlogin grunt -Last login: Mon May 1 21:14:47 from grumble -Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 - The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. - -FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - -[jane@grunt 10567] - - -

Or Jack logs into Jane's account on the same machine (Jane having set up - the .klogin file as above, and the person in charge of Kerberos - having set up principal jack with a null instance: - - -[jack@grumble 573] kinit -[jack@grumble 574] rlogin grunt -l jane -MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) -Password: -Last login: Mon May 1 21:16:55 from grumble -Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 - The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. - -FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - -[jane@grunt 10578] - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/kernelconfig.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/kernelconfig.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 4310d28..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/kernelconfig.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1285 +0,0 @@ - - - - Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel - -

Contributed by &a.jehamby;.6 October 1995. - - This large section of the handbook discusses the basics of - building your own custom kernel for FreeBSD. This section - is appropriate for both novice system administrators and - those with advanced Unix experience. - - Why build a custom kernel? - -

Building a custom kernel is one of the most important - rites of passage every Unix system administrator must - learn. This process, while time-consuming, will provide - many benefits to your FreeBSD system. Unlike the GENERIC - kernel, which must support every possible SCSI and - network card, along with tons of other rarely used - hardware support, a custom kernel only contains support - for your PC's hardware. This has a number of - benefits: - - - - It will take less time to boot because it does not - have to spend time probing for hardware which you - do not have. - - A custom kernel often uses less memory, which is - important because the kernel is the one process which - must always be present in memory, and so all of that - unused code ties up pages of RAM that your programs - would otherwise be able to use. Therefore, on a - system with limited RAM, building a custom kernel is - of critical importance. - - Finally, there are several kernel options which - you can tune to fit your needs, and device driver - support for things like sound cards which you can - include in your kernel but are not present - in the GENERIC kernel. - -

- - Building and Installing a Custom Kernel - -

First, let us take a quick tour of the kernel build - directory. All directories mentioned will be relative to - the main /usr/src/sys directory, which is also - accessible through /sys. There are a number of - subdirectories here representing different parts of the - kernel, but the most important, for our purposes, are - i386/conf, where you will edit your custom - kernel configuration, and compile, which is the - staging area where your kernel will be built. Notice the - logical organization of the directory tree, with each - supported device, filesystem, and option in its own - subdirectory. Also, anything inside the i386 - directory deals with PC hardware only, while everything - outside the i386 directory is common to all - platforms which FreeBSD could potentially be ported to. - - not a - /usr/src/sys directory on your system, then the - kernel source has not been been installed. Follow the - instructions for installing packages to add this package - to your system. - - Next, move to the i386/conf directory and copy - the GENERIC configuration file to the name you want to - give your kernel. For example: - -# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf -# cp GENERIC MYKERNEL - - Traditionally, this name is in all capital letters and, - if you are maintaining multiple FreeBSD machines with - different hardware, it is a good idea to name it after - your machine's hostname. We will call it MYKERNEL for - the purpose of this example. - - - - Now, edit MYKERNEL with your favorite text editor. If - you are just starting out, the only editor available will - probably be vi, which is too complex to explain - here, but is covered well in many books in the . Feel free to change the - comment lines at the top to reflect your configuration or the - changes you have made to differentiate it from GENERIC. - - If you have build a kernel under SunOS or some other BSD - operating system, much of this file will be very familiar - to you. If you are coming from some other operating - system such as DOS, on the other hand, the GENERIC - configuration file might seem overwhelming to you, so - follow the descriptions in the - section slowly and carefully. - - config(8) from the same place you got the new - kernel sources. It is located in /usr/src/usr.sbin, so - you will need to download those sources as well. Re-build and install - it before running the next commands. - - When you are finished, type the following to compile and - install your kernel: - -# /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL -# cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL -# make depend -# make -# make install - - The new kernel will be copied to the root directory as - /kernel and the old kernel will be moved to - /kernel.old. Now, shutdown the system and - reboot to use your kernel. In case something goes wrong, - there are some instructions at the end of this - document. Be sure to read the section which explains how - to recover in case your new kernel . - - to your - /dev directory before you can use them. - - The Configuration File - -

The general format of a configuration file is quite simple. - Each line contains a keyword and one or more arguments. For - simplicity, most lines only contain one argument. Anything - following a # is considered a comment and ignored. - The following sections describe each keyword, generally in the - order they are listed in GENERIC, although some related - keywords have been grouped together in a single section (such - as Networking) even though they are actually scattered - throughout the GENERIC file.

The kernel is currently being moved to a better organization - of the option handling. Traditionally, each option in the - config file was simply converted into a -D switch - for the CFLAGS line of the kernel Makefile. Naturally, - this caused a creeping optionism, with nobody really knowing - which option has been referenced in what files. - -

In the new scheme, every #ifdef that is intended to - be dependent upon an option gets this option out of an - opt_foo.h declaration file created in the - compile directory by config. The list of valid options - for config lives in two files: options that do not - depend on the architecture are listed in - /sys/conf/options, architecture-dependent ones - in /sys/arch/conf/options.arch, - with arch being for example i386. - - Mandatory Keywords - -

These keywords are required in every kernel you build. - - - - machine ``i386'' - -

The first keyword is machine, which, - since FreeBSD only runs on Intel 386 and compatible - chips, is i386. - - Note: that any keyword which - contains numbers used as text must be enclosed in - quotation marks, otherwise config gets - confused and thinks you mean the actual number - 386. - - cpu ``cpu_type'' - -

The next keyword is cpu, which includes - support for each CPU supported by FreeBSD. The - possible values of cpu_type - include: - - I386_CPU - I486_CPU - I586_CPU - I686_CPU - - and multiple instances of the cpu line may - be present with different values of - cpu_type as are present in the - GENERIC kernel. For a custom kernel, it is best to - specify only the cpu you have. If, for example, - you have an Intel Pentium, use I586_CPU - for cpu_type. - - ident machine_name - -

Next, we have ident, which is the - identification of the kernel. You should change - this from GENERIC to whatever you named your - kernel, in this example, MYKERNEL. The value you - put in ident will print when you boot up - the kernel, so it is useful to give a kernel a - different name if you want to keep it separate from - your usual kernel (if you want to build an - experimental kernel, for example). Note that, as - with machine and cpu, enclose - your kernel's name in quotation marks if it - contains any numbers. - - Since this name is passed to the C compiler as a - -D switch, do not use names like - DEBUG, or something that could be confused - with another machine or CPU name, like vax. - - maxusers number - -

This file sets the size of a number of important - system tables. This number is supposed to be - roughly equal to the number of simultaneous users - you expect to have on your machine. However, under - normal circumstances, you will want to set - maxusers to at least four, especially if - you are using the X Window System or compiling software. The - reason is that the most important table set by - maxusers is the maximum number of - processes, which is set to 20 + 16 * - maxusers, so if you set maxusers - to one, then you can only have 36 simultaneous - processes, including the 18 or so that the system - starts up at boot time, and the 15 or so you will - probably create when you start the X Window System. Even a - simple task like reading a man page will - start up nine processes to filter, decompress, and - view it. Setting maxusers to 4 will allow - you to have up to 84 simultaneous processes, which - should be enough for anyone. If, however, you see - the dreaded ``proc table full'' error when trying - to start another program, or are running a server - with a large number of simultaneous users (like - Walnut Creek CDROM's FTP site), you can always - increase this number and rebuild. - - maxuser does - not limit the number of users which can - log into your machine. It simply sets various - table sizes to reasonable values considering the - maximum number of users you will likely have on - your system and how many processes each of them - will be running. One keyword which - does limit the number of simultaneous - remote logins is . - - config kernel_name root on root_device - -

This line specifies the location and name of the - kernel. Traditionally the kernel is called - vmunix but in FreeBSD, it is aptly named - kernel. You should always use - kernel for kernel_name because - changing it will render numerous system utilities - inoperative. The second part of the line specifies - the disk and partition where the root filesystem - and kernel can be found. Typically this will be - wd0 for systems with non-SCSI drives, or - sd0 for systems with SCSI drives. - - - - General Options - -

These lines provide kernel support for various - filesystems and other options. - - - -

This line allows the kernel to simulate a math - co-processor if your computer does not have one (386 - or 486SX). If you have a Pentium, a 486DX, or a - 386 or 486SX with a separate 387 or 487 chip, you - can comment this line out. - - Note: The normal math co-processor - emulation routines that come with FreeBSD are - not very accurate. If you do not have a - math co-processor, and you need the best accuracy, - I recommend that you change this option to - GPL_MATH_EMULATE to use the superior GNU - math support, which is not included by default - for licensing reasons. - - options ``COMPAT_43'' - -

Compatibility with 4.3BSD. Leave this in; some - programs will act strangely if you comment this - out. - - options BOUNCE_BUFFERS - -

ISA devices and EISA devices operating in an ISA - compatibility mode can only perform DMA (Direct - Memory Access) to memory below 16 megabytes. This - option enables such devices to work in systems with - more than 16 megabytes of memory. - - options UCONSOLE - -

Allow users to grab the console, useful for X - Windows. For example, you can create a console - xterm by typing xterm -C, which will - display any `write', `talk', and other messages you - receive, as well as any console messages sent by the - kernel. - - options SYSVSHM - -

This option - provides for System V shared memory. The most - common use of this is the XSHM extension in X - Windows, which many graphics-intensive programs - (such as the movie player XAnim, and Linux DOOM) - will automatically take advantage of for extra - speed. If you use the X Window System, you will definitely - want to include this. - - options SYSVSEM - -

Support for System V - semaphores. Less commonly used but only adds a few - hundred bytes to the kernel. - - options SYSVMSG - -

Support for System V - messages. Again, only adds a few hundred bytes to - the kernel. - - ipcs(1) command will - tell will list any processes using each of - these System V facilities. - - - - Filesystem Options - -

These options add support for various filesystems. - You must include at least one of these to support the - device you boot from; typically this will be - FFS if you boot from a hard drive, or - NFS if you are booting a diskless workstation - from Ethernet. You can include other commonly-used - filesystems in the kernel, but feel free to comment out - support for filesystems you use less often (perhaps the - MS-DOS filesystem?), since they will be dynamically - loaded from the Loadable Kernel Module directory - /lkm the first time you mount a partition of - that type. - - - - options FFS - -

The basic hard drive - filesystem; leave it in if you boot from the hard - disk. - - options NFS - -

Network Filesystem. Unless - you plan to mount partitions from a Unix file - server over Ethernet, you can comment this out. - - options MSDOSFS - -

MS-DOS Filesystem. Unless - you plan to mount a DOS formatted hard drive - partition at boot time, you can safely comment this - out. It will be automatically loaded the first - time you mount a DOS partition, as described above. - Also, the excellent mtools software (in - the ports collection) allows you to access DOS - floppies without having to mount and unmount them - (and does not require MSDOSFS at all). - - options ``CD9660'' - -

ISO 9660 filesystem for - CD-ROMs. Comment it out if you do not have a - CD-ROM drive or only mount data CD's occasionally - (since it will be dynamically loaded the first time - you mount a data CD). Audio CD's do not need this - filesystem. - - options PROCFS - -

Process filesystem. This - is a pretend filesystem mounted on /proc which - allows programs like ps(1) to give you - more information on what processes are running. - - options MFS - -

Memory-mapped file system. - This is basically a RAM disk for fast storage of - temporary files, useful if you have a lot of swap - space that you want to take advantage of. A - perfect place to mount an MFS partition is on the - /tmp directory, since many programs store - temporary data here. To mount an MFS RAM disk on - /tmp, add the following line to - /etc/fstab and then reboot or type - mount /tmp: - -/dev/wd1s2b /tmp mfs rw 0 0 - - - /dev/wd1s2b - with the name of your swap partition, which will - be listed in your /etc/fstab as follows: - -/dev/wd1s2b none swap sw 0 0 - - - - /tmp device - simultaneously). As such, you may want to avoid - it for now. --> Also, the MFS filesystem - can not be dynamically loaded, so you - must compile it into your kernel if you - want to experiment with it. - - options QUOTA - -

Enable disk quotas. If you - have a public access system, and do not want users - to be able to overflow the /home - partition, you can establish disk quotas for each - user. Refer to the - - section for more information. - - - - Basic Controllers and Devices - -

These sections describe the basic disk, tape, and - CD-ROM controllers supported by FreeBSD. There are - separate sections for controllers and cards. - - - - controller isa0 - -

All PC's supported by - FreeBSD have one of these. If you have an IBM PS/2 - (Micro Channel Architecture), then you cannot run - FreeBSD at this time. - - controller pci0 - -

Include this if you have a - PCI motherboard. This enables auto-detection of - PCI cards and gatewaying from the PCI to the ISA - bus. - - controller fdc0 - -

Floppy drive controller: - fd0 is the ``A:'' floppy drive, and - fd1 is the ``B:'' drive. ft0 is - a QIC-80 tape drive attached to the floppy - controller. Comment out any lines corresponding to - devices you do not have. - - ft(8), see - the manual page for details. - - controller wdc0 - -

This is the primary IDE - controller. wd0 and wd1 are the - master and slave hard drive, respectively. - wdc1 is a secondary IDE controller where - you might have a third or fourth hard drive, or an - IDE CD-ROM. Comment out the lines which do not - apply (if you have a SCSI hard drive, you will - probably want to comment out all six lines, for - example). - - device wcd0 - -

This device - provides IDE CD-ROM support. Be sure to leave - wdc0 uncommented, and options ATAPI. - - device npx0 at isa? port ``IO_NPX'' irq 13 vector npxintr - -

npx0 is the interface to the floating point math - unit in FreeBSD, either the hardware co-processor or the - software math emulator. It is device wt0 at isa? port 0x300 bio irq 5 drq 1 vector wtintr - -

Wangtek and Archive - QIC-02/QIC-36 tape drive support - - Proprietary CD-ROM support - -

The following - drivers are for the so-called proprietary - CD-ROM drives. These drives have their own - controller card or might plug into a sound card - such as the SoundBlaster 16. They are not - IDE or SCSI. Most older single-speed and - double-speed CD-ROMs use these interfaces, while - newer quad-speeds are likely to be or . - - - - device mcd0 at isa? port 0x300 bio irq 10 vector mcdintr - -

Mitsumi CD-ROM (LU002, - LU005, FX001D). - - device scd0 at isa? port 0x230 bio - -

Sony CD-ROM (CDU31, CDU33A). - - controller matcd0 at isa? port ? bio - -

Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM (sold by Creative - Labs for SoundBlaster). - - - - - - SCSI Device Support - -

This section describes the various SCSI controllers - and devices supported by FreeBSD. - - - - SCSI Controllers - -

The next ten or so lines include support for - different kinds of SCSI controllers. Comment out - all except for the one(s) you have: - - - - controller bt0 at isa? port ``IO_BT0'' bio irq ? vector btintr - -

Most Buslogic controllers - - controller uha0 at isa? port ``IO_UHA0'' bio irq ? drq 5 vector uhaintr - -

UltraStor 14F and 34F - - controller ahc0 - -

Adaptec 274x/284x/294x - - controller ahb0 at isa? bio irq ? vector ahbintr - -

Adaptec 174x - - controller aha0 at isa? port ``IO_AHA0'' bio irq ? drq 5 vector ahaintr - -

Adaptec 154x - - controller aic0 at isa? port 0x340 bio irq 11 vector aicintr - - -

Adaptec 152x and sound cards using Adaptec AIC-6360 (slow!) - - controller nca0 at isa? port 0x1f88 bio irq 10 vector ncaintr - - -

ProAudioSpectrum cards using NCR 5380 or Trantor T130 - - controller sea0 at isa? bio irq 5 iomem 0xc8000 iosiz 0x2000 vector seaintr - -

Seagate ST01/02 8 bit controller (slow!) - - controller wds0 at isa? port 0x350 bio irq 15 drq 6 vector wdsintr - -

Western Digital WD7000 controller - - controller ncr0 - -

NCR 53C810, 53C815, 53C825, 53C860, 53C875 PCI SCSI controller - - - - options ``SCSI_DELAY=15'' - -

This causes the - kernel to pause 15 seconds before probing each SCSI - device in your system. If you only have IDE hard - drives, you can ignore this, otherwise you will - probably want to lower this number, perhaps to 5 - seconds, to speed up booting. Of course if you do - this, and FreeBSD has trouble recognizing your SCSI - devices, you will have to raise it back up. - - controller scbus0 - -

If you have any SCSI - controllers, this line provides generic SCSI - support. If you do not have SCSI, you can comment - this, and the following three lines, out. - - device sd0 - -

Support for SCSI hard - drives. - - device st0 - -

Support for SCSI tape - drives. - - device cd0 - -

Support for SCSI CD-ROM - drives. - -

Note that the number 0 in the above entries - is slightly misleading: all these devices are - automatically configured as they are found, regardless - of how many of them are hooked up to the SCSI bus(es), - and which target IDs they have. - - If you want to ``wire down'' specific target IDs to - particular devices, refer to the appropriate section - of the LINT kernel config file. - - - - Console, Bus Mouse, and X Server Support - -

You must choose one of these two console types, and, if you plan - to use the X Window System with the vt220 console, enable the - XSERVER option and optionally, a bus mouse or PS/2 mouse device. - - - - device sc0 at isa? port ``IO_KBD' tty irq 1 vector scintr - -

sc0 is the default - console driver, which resembles an SCO console. - Since most full-screen programs access the console - through a terminal database library like - termcap, it should not matter much whether - you use this or vt0, the VT220 compatible - console driver. When you log in, set your TERM - variable to ``scoansi'' if full-screen programs - have trouble running under this console. - - device vt0 at isa? port ``IO_KBD'' tty irq 1 vector pcrint - -

This is a VT220-compatible - console driver, backwards compatible to VT100/102. - It works well on some laptops which have hardware - incompatibilities with sc0. Also, set - your TERM variable to ``vt100'' or ``vt220'' when - you log in. This driver might also prove useful - when connecting to a large number of different - machines over the network, where the termcap - or terminfo entries for the sc0 - device are often not available -- ``vt100'' should be - available on virtually any platform. - - - - options ``PCVT_FREEBSD=210'' - -

Required - with the vt0 console driver. - - options XSERVER - -

Only applicable with the vt0 console driver. - This includes code - required to run the XFree86 X Window - Server under the vt0 console driver. - - - - device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq 5 vector ms - -

Use this device if you have a Logitech or - ATI InPort bus mouse card. - - port is enabled (probably - COM1). - - device psm0 at isa? port ``IO_KBD'' conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr - -

Use this device if your - mouse plugs into the PS/2 mouse port. - - - - Serial and Parallel Ports - -

Nearly all systems have these. If you are attaching a - printer to one of these ports, the section of the handbook is very - useful. If you are using modem, provides extensive detail on - serial port configuration for use with such devices. - - - - device sio0 at isa? port ``IO_COM1'' tty irq 4 vector siointr - -

sio0 - through sio3 are the four serial ports - referred to as COM1 through COM4 in the MS-DOS - world. Note that if you have an internal modem on - COM4 and a serial port at COM2 you will have to - change the IRQ of the modem to 2 (for obscure - technical reasons IRQ 2 = IRQ 9) in order to access - it from FreeBSD. If you have a multiport serial - card, check the manual page for sio(4) for - more information on the proper values for these - lines. Some video cards (notably - those based on S3 chips) use IO addresses of the - form 0x*2e8, and since many cheap serial - cards do not fully decode the 16-bit IO address - space, they clash with these cards, making the - COM4 port practically unavailable. - - Each serial port is required to have a unique - IRQ (unless you are using one of the multiport cards - where shared interrupts are supported), so the default - IRQs for COM3 and COM4 cannot be used. - - device lpt0 at isa? port? tty irq 7 vector lptintr - -

lpt0 through lpt2 - are the three printer ports you could conceivably - have. Most people just have one, though, so feel - free to comment out the other two lines if you do - not have them. - - - - Networking - -

FreeBSD, as with Unix in general, places a - big emphasis on networking. Therefore, even - if you do not have an Ethernet card, pay attention to - the mandatory options and the dial-up networking - support. - - - - options INET - Networking support. Leave it in even if you do not plan - to be connected to a network. Most programs require at least - loopback networking (i.e. making network connections within your - PC) so this is essentially mandatory. - - Ethernet cards - -

The next lines enable support for various Ethernet - cards. If you do not have a network card, you can - comment out all of these lines. Otherwise, you will - want to leave in support for your particular - Ethernet card(s): - - - - device de0 - -

Ethernet adapters based on Digital Equipment DC21040, - DC21041 or DC21140 chips - - device fxp0 - -

Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B - - device vx0 - -

3Com 3C590 and 3C595 (buggy) - - device cx0 at isa? port 0x240 net irq 15 drq 7 vector cxintr - -

Cronyx/Sigma multiport - sync/async (with Cisco or PPP framing) - - device ed0 at isa? port 0x280 net irq 5 iomem 0xd8000 vector edintr - -

Western Digital and SMC 80xx and 8216; Novell NE1000 - and NE2000; 3Com 3C503; HP PC Lan Plus (HP27247B and HP27252A) - - device el0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 9 vector elintr - -

3Com 3C501 (slow!) - - device eg0 at isa? port 0x310 net irq 5 vector egintr - -

3Com 3C505 - - device ep0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 10 vector epintr - -

3Com 3C509 (buggy) - - device fe0 at isa? port 0x240 net irq ? vector feintr - -

Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A Ethernet - - device fea0 at isa? net irq ? vector feaintr - -

DEC DEFEA EISA FDDI adapter - - device ie0 at isa? port 0x360 net irq 7 iomem 0xd0000 vector ieintr - -

AT&T StarLAN 10 and EN100; 3Com 3C507; - unknown NI5210 - - device ix0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 10 iomem 0xd0000 iosiz 32768 vector ixintr - -

Intel EtherExpress 16 - - device le0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 5 iomem 0xd0000 vector le_intr - -

Digital Equipment EtherWorks 2 and EtherWorks - 3 (DEPCA, DE100, DE101, DE200, DE201, DE202, - DE203, DE204, DE205, DE422) - - device lnc0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 10 drq 0 vector lncintr - -

Lance/PCnet cards (Isolan, Novell NE2100, - NE32-VL) - - device ze0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 5 iomem 0xd8000 vector zeintr - -

IBM/National Semiconductor PCMCIA ethernet - controller. - - device zp0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 10 iomem 0xd8000 vector zpintr - -

3Com PCMCIA Etherlink III - - - - - - pseudo-device loop - -

loop is the - generic loopback device for TCP/IP. If you telnet - or FTP to localhost - (a.k.a. 127.0.0.1) it will come back at - you through this pseudo-device. Mandatory. - - pseudo-device ether - -

ether is only - needed if you have an Ethernet card and includes - generic Ethernet protocol code. - - pseudo-device sl number - -

sl is for SLIP (Serial Line Internet - Protocol) support. This has been almost entirely - supplanted by PPP, which is easier to set up, - better suited for modem-to-modem connections, as - well as more powerful. The number after - sl specifies how many simultaneous SLIP - sessions to support. This handbook has more - information on setting up a SLIP or . - - pseudo-device ppp number - -

ppp is for kernel-mode PPP (Point-to-Point - Protocol) support for dial-up Internet connections. - There is also version of PPP implemented as a user - application that uses the tun and offers - more flexibility and features such as demand - dialing. If you still want to use this PPP driver, - read the - section of the handbook. As with the sl - device, number specifies how many - simultaneous PPP connections to support. - - pseudo-device tun number - -

tun is used by the user-mode PPP software. - This program is easy to set up and very fast. It - also has special features such as automatic - dial-on-demand. The number after tun - specifies the number of simultaneous PPP sessions - to support. See the section of the handbook for - more information. - - pseudo-device bpfilter number - -

Berkeley packet filter. This pseudo-device allows - network interfaces to be placed in promiscuous - mode, capturing every packet on a broadcast network - (e.g. an ethernet). These packets can be captured - to disk and/or examined with the - tcpdump(1) program. Note that - implementation of this capability can seriously - compromise your overall network security. - The number after bpfilter is the number of - interfaces that can be examined - simultaneously. Optional, not recommended except - for those who are fully aware of the potential - pitfalls. Not all network cards support this - capability. - - - - Sound cards - -

This is the first section containing lines that are - not in the GENERIC kernel. To include sound card - support, you will have to copy the appropriate lines from - the LINT kernel (which contains support for - every device) as follows: - - - - controller snd0 - -

Generic sound driver code. - Required for all of the following sound cards - except pca. - - device pas0 at isa? port 0x388 irq 10 drq 6 vector pasintr - -

ProAudioSpectrum digital audio and MIDI. - - device sb0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 7 conflicts drq 1 vector sbintr - -

SoundBlaster digital audio. - - irq 7 - to, for example, irq 5 and remove the - conflicts keyword. Also, you must add - the line: options ``SBC_IRQ=5'' - - device sbxvi0 at isa? drq 5 - -

SoundBlaster 16 digital 16-bit audio. - - drq 5 keyword appropriately, and then - add the line: options - "SB16_DMA=6" - - device sbmidi0 at isa? port 0x330 - -

SoundBlaster 16 MIDI interface. If you have a - SoundBlaster 16, you must include this line, or the - kernel will not compile. - - device gus0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 10 drq 1 vector gusintr - -

Gravis Ultrasound. - - device mss0 at isa? port 0x530 irq 10 drq 1 vector adintr - -

Microsoft Sound System. - - device opl0 at isa? port 0x388 conflicts - -

AdLib FM-synthesis audio. Include this line for - AdLib, SoundBlaster, and ProAudioSpectrum users, if - you want to play MIDI songs with a program such as - playmidi (in the ports collection). - - device mpu0 at isa? port 0x330 irq 6 drq 0 - -

Roland MPU-401 stand-alone card. - - device uart0 at isa? port 0x330 irq 5 vector ``m6850intr'' - -

Stand-alone 6850 UART for MIDI. - - device pca0 at isa? port ``IO_TIMER1'' tty - -

Digital audio through PC speaker. This is going to - be very poor sound quality and quite CPU-intensive, - so you have been warned (but it does not require a - sound card). - - - - /usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sound/sound.doc. - Also, if you add any of these devices, be sure to - create the sound . - - Pseudo-devices - -

Pseudo-device drivers are parts of the kernel that act - like device drivers but do not correspond to any actual - hardware in the machine. The - pseudo-devices are in that section, while the remainder - are here. - - - - pseudo-device gzip - -

gzip allows you to run FreeBSD programs - that have been compressed with gzip. The - programs in /stand are compressed so it - is a good idea to have this option in your kernel.

- - pseudo-device log - -

log is used for logging of kernel error - messages. Mandatory. - - - pseudo-device pty number - -

pty is a ``pseudo-terminal'' or simulated - login port. It is used by incoming telnet - and rlogin sessions, xterm, and some other - applications such as emacs. The number - indicates the number of ptys to create. - If you need more than GENERIC default of 16 - simultaneous xterm windows and/or remote logins, be - sure to increase this number accordingly, up to a - maximum of 64. - - pseudo-device snp number - -

Snoop device. This pseudo-device allows one - terminal session to watch another using the - watch(8) command. Note that - implementation of this capability has important - security and privacy implications. The - number after snp is the total number of - simultaneous snoop sessions. Optional. - - pseudo-device vn - -

Vnode driver. Allows a file to be treated as a - device after being set up with the - vnconfig(8) command. This driver can be - useful for manipulating floppy disk images and - using a file as a swap device (e.g. an MS Windows - swap file). Optional. - - pseudo-device ccd number - -

Concatenated disks. This pseudo-device allows you to - concatenate multiple disk partitions into one large - ``meta''-disk. The number after ccd is the - total number of concatenated disks (not total number of - disks that can be concatenated) that can be created. - (See ccd(4) and ccdconfig(8) man pages - for more details.) Optional. - - - - Joystick, PC Speaker, Miscellaneous - -

This section describes some miscellaneous hardware - devices supported by FreeBSD. Note that none of these - lines are included in the GENERIC kernel, you will have - to copy them from this handbook or the LINT kernel - (which contains support for every device): - - - - device joy0 at isa? port ``IO_GAME'' - -

PC joystick device. - - pseudo-device speaker - -

Supports IBM BASIC-style noises through the PC - speaker. Some fun programs which use this are - /usr/sbin/spkrtest, which is a shell - script that plays some simple songs, and - /usr/games/piano which lets you play songs - using the keyboard as a simple piano (this file - only exists if you have installed the games - package). Also, the excellent text role-playing - game NetHack (in the ports collection) can be - configured to use this device to play songs when - you play musical instruments in the game. - -

See also the device. - - - - Making Device Nodes - -

Almost every device in the kernel has a corresponding - ``node'' entry in the /dev directory. These - nodes look like regular files, but are actually special - entries into the kernel which programs use to access the - device. The shell script /dev/MAKEDEV, which is - executed when you first install the operating system, - creates nearly all of the device nodes supported. - However, it does not create all of them, so when - you add support for a new device, it pays to make sure - that the appropriate entries are in this directory, and - if not, add them. Here is a simple example: - - Suppose you add the IDE CD-ROM support to the kernel. - The line to add is: - -controller wcd0 - - This means that you should look for some entries that - start with wcd0 in the /dev directory, - possibly followed by a letter, such as `c', or preceded - by the letter 'r', which means a `raw' device. It turns - out that those files are not there, so I must change to - the /dev directory and type: - -# sh MAKEDEV wcd0 - - When this script finishes, you will find that there are - now wcd0c and rwcd0c entries in - /dev so you know that it executed correctly. - - For sound cards, the command: - -# sh MAKEDEV snd0 - - creates the appropriate entries. Note: when creating device - nodes for devices such as sound cards, if other people have - access to your machine, it may be desirable to - protect the devices from outside access by adding them to the - /etc/fbtab file. See man fbtab for - more information. - - Follow this simple procedure for any other non-GENERIC - devices which do not have entries. - - /dev entries, so you do not need to create - these. Also, network cards and SLIP/PPP pseudo-devices - do not have entries in /dev at all, so you do - not have to worry about these either. - -If Something Goes Wrong - -

There are four categories of trouble that can occur when - building a custom kernel. They are: - - - - Config command fails - -

If the config - command fails when you give it your kernel - description, you have probably made a simple error - somewhere. Fortunately, config will print - the line number that it had trouble with, so you can - quickly skip to it with vi. For example, if - you see: - -config: line 17: syntax error - - you can skip to the problem in vi by typing - ``17G'' in command mode. Make sure the keyword is - typed correctly, by comparing it to the GENERIC - kernel or another reference. - - Make command fails - -

If the make - command fails, it usually signals an error in your - kernel description, but not severe enough for - config to catch it. Again, look over your - configuration, and if you still cannot resolve the - problem, send mail to the &a.questions with your kernel - configuration, and it should be diagnosed very - quickly. - - Kernel will not boot - -

If your new kernel - does not boot, or fails to recognize your devices, - do not panic! Fortunately, BSD has an excellent - mechanism for recovering from incompatible kernels. - Simply type the name of the kernel you want to boot - from (i.e. ``kernel.old'') at the FreeBSD boot - prompt instead of pressing return. When - reconfiguring a kernel, it is always a good idea to - keep a kernel that is known to work on hand. - - After booting with a good kernel you can check over - your configuration file and try to build it again. - One helpful resource is the - /var/log/messages file which records, among - other things, all of the kernel messages from every - successful boot. Also, the dmesg(8) command - will print the kernel messages from the current boot. - - kernel.old - because when installing a new kernel, - kernel.old is overwritten with the last - installed kernel which may be non-functional. - Also, as soon as possible, move the working kernel - to the proper ``kernel'' location or commands such - as ps(1) will not work properly. The - proper command to ``unlock'' the kernel file that - make installs (in order to move another - kernel back permanently) is: - -# chflags noschg /kernel - - And, if you want to ``lock'' your new kernel into place, or any file - for that matter, so that it cannot be moved or tampered with: - -# chflags schg /kernel - - - - Kernel works, but ps does not work any more! - -

If you have installed a different version - of the kernel from the one that the system utilities - have been built with, for example, an experimental - ``2.2.0'' kernel on a 2.1.0-RELEASE system, many - system-status commands like ps(1) and - vmstat(8) will not work any more. You must - recompile the libkvm library as well as - these utilities. This is one reason it is not - normally a good idea to use a different version of - the kernel from the rest of the operating system. - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/kerneldebug.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/kerneldebug.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index dd617a4..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/kerneldebug.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,525 +0,0 @@ - - - -Kernel Debugging - -

Contributed by &a.paul; and &a.joerg; - -Debugging a kernel crash dump with kgdb - -

Here are some instructions for getting kernel debugging - working on a crash dump, it assumes that you have enough swap - space for a crash dump. If you have multiple swap - partitions and the first one is too small to hold the dump, - you can configure your kernel to use an alternate dump device - (in the config kernel line), or - you can specify an alternate using the dumpon(8) command. - Dumps to non-swap devices, - tapes for example, are currently not supported. Config your - kernel using config -g. - See for - details on configuring the FreeBSD kernel. - - Use the dumpon(8) command to tell the kernel where to dump - to (note that this will have to be done after configuring the - partition in question as swap space via swapon(8)). This is - normally arranged via /etc/sysconfig and /etc/rc. - Alternatively, you can - hard-code the dump device via the `dump' clause in the `config' line - of your kernel config file. This is deprecated, use only if you - want a crash dump from a kernel that crashes during booting. - - Note: In the following, the term `kgdb' refers - to gdb run in `kernel debug mode'. This can be accomplished by - either starting the gdb with the option -k, or by linking - and starting it under the name kgdb. This is not being - done by default, however, and the idea is basically deprecated since - the GNU folks do not love it if their tools behave differently when - called by another name. This feature might as well be discontinued - in further releases. - - When the kernel has been built make a copy of it, say - kernel.debug, and then run strip -d on the - original. Install the original as normal. You may also install - the unstripped kernel, but symbol table lookup time for some - programs will drastically increase, and since - the whole kernel is loaded entirely at boot time and cannot be - swapped out later, several megabytes of - physical memory will be wasted. - - If you are testing a new kernel, for example by typing the new - kernel's name at the boot prompt, but need to boot a different - one in order to get your system up and running again, boot it - only into single user state using the -s flag at the - boot prompt, and then perform the following steps: - - fsck -p - mount -a -t ufs # so your file system for /var/crash is writable - savecore -N /kernel.panicked /var/crash - exit # ...to multi-user - - This instructs savecore(8) to use another kernel for symbol name - extraction. It would otherwise default to the currently running kernel - and most likely not do anything at all since the crash dump and the - kernel symbols differ. - - Now, after a crash dump, go to /sys/compile/WHATEVER and run - kgdb. From kgdb do: - - symbol-file kernel.debug - exec-file /var/crash/kernel.0 - core-file /var/crash/vmcore.0 - - and voila, you can debug the crash dump using the kernel sources - just like you can for any other program. - - Here is a script log of a kgdb session illustrating the - procedure. Long - lines have been folded to improve readability, and the lines are - numbered for reference. Despite this, it is a real-world error - trace taken during the development of the pcvt console driver. - - 1:Script started on Fri Dec 30 23:15:22 1994 - 2:uriah # cd /sys/compile/URIAH - 3:uriah # kgdb kernel /var/crash/vmcore.1 - 4:Reading symbol data from /usr/src/sys/compile/URIAH/kernel...done. - 5:IdlePTD 1f3000 - 6:panic: because you said to! - 7:current pcb at 1e3f70 - 8:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/machdep.c...done. - 9:(kgdb) where - 10:#0 boot (arghowto=256) (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 767) - 11:#1 0xf0115159 in panic () - 12:#2 0xf01955bd in diediedie () (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 698) - 13:#3 0xf010185e in db_fncall () - 14:#4 0xf0101586 in db_command (-266509132, -266509516, -267381073) - 15:#5 0xf0101711 in db_command_loop () - 16:#6 0xf01040a0 in db_trap () - 17:#7 0xf0192976 in kdb_trap (12, 0, -272630436, -266743723) - 18:#8 0xf019d2eb in trap_fatal (...) - 19:#9 0xf019ce60 in trap_pfault (...) - 20:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (...) - 21:#11 0xf01932a1 in exception:calltrap () - 22:#12 0xf0191503 in cnopen (...) - 23:#13 0xf0132c34 in spec_open () - 24:#14 0xf012d014 in vn_open () - 25:#15 0xf012a183 in open () - 26:#16 0xf019d4eb in syscall (...) - 27:(kgdb) up 10 - 28:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/trap.c...done. - 29:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (frame={tf_es = -260440048, tf_ds = 16, tf_\ - 30:edi = 3072, tf_esi = -266445372, tf_ebp = -272630356, tf_isp = -27\ - 31:2630396, tf_ebx = -266427884, tf_edx = 12, tf_ecx = -266427884, tf\ - 32:_eax = 64772224, tf_trapno = 12, tf_err = -272695296, tf_eip = -26\ - 33:6672343, tf_cs = -266469368, tf_eflags = 66066, tf_esp = 3072, tf_\ - 34:ss = -266427884}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 283) - 35:283 (void) trap_pfault(&frame, FALSE); - 36:(kgdb) frame frame->tf_ebp frame->tf_eip - 37:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c...done. - 38:#0 0xf01ae729 in pcopen (dev=3072, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(struct p\ - 39:roc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c line 403) - 40:403 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp)); - 41:(kgdb) list - 42:398 - 43:399 tp->t_state |= TS_CARR_ON; - 44:400 tp->t_cflag |= CLOCAL; /* cannot be a modem (:-) */ - 45:401 - 46:402 #if PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) - 47:403 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp)); - 48:404 #else - 49:405 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp, flag)); - 50:406 #endif /* PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) */ - 51:407 } - 52:(kgdb) print tp - 53:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/cons.c...done. - 54:$1 = (struct tty *) 0x1bae - 55:(kgdb) print tp->t_line - 56:$2 = 1767990816 - 57:(kgdb) up - 58:#1 0xf0191503 in cnopen (dev=0x00000000, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(st\ - 59:ruct proc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/i386/cons.c line 126) - 60: return ((*cdevsw[major(dev)].d_open)(dev, flag, mode, p)); - 61:(kgdb) up - 62:#2 0xf0132c34 in spec_open () - 63:(kgdb) up - 64:#3 0xf012d014 in vn_open () - 65:(kgdb) up - 66:#4 0xf012a183 in open () - 67:(kgdb) up - 68:#5 0xf019d4eb in syscall (frame={tf_es = 39, tf_ds = 39, tf_edi =\ - 69: 2158592, tf_esi = 0, tf_ebp = -272638436, tf_isp = -272629788, tf\ - 70:_ebx = 7086, tf_edx = 1, tf_ecx = 0, tf_eax = 5, tf_trapno = 582, \ - 71:tf_err = 582, tf_eip = 75749, tf_cs = 31, tf_eflags = 582, tf_esp \ - 72:= -272638456, tf_ss = 39}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 673) - 73:673 error = (*callp->sy_call)(p, args, rval); - 74:(kgdb) up - 75:Initial frame selected; you cannot go up. - 76:(kgdb) quit - 77:uriah # exit - 78:exit - 79: - 80:Script done on Fri Dec 30 23:18:04 1994 - - Comments to the above script: - - -trap() - in the stack trace. -tp->t_line refers to the line discipline - of the console device here, which must be a rather small integer - number.) - - - -Post-mortem analysis of a dump - -

What do you do if a kernel dumped core but you did not expect - it, and it is therefore not compiled using config -g? - Not everything is lost here. Do not panic! - - Of course, you still need to enable crash dumps. See above - on the options you have to specify in order to do this. - - Go to your kernel compile directory, and edit the line - containing COPTFLAGS?=-O. Add the -g option - there (but do not change anything on the level of - optimization). If you do already know roughly the probable - location of the failing piece of code (e.g., the pcvt - driver in the example above), remove all the object files for - this code. Rebuild the kernel. Due to the time stamp change on - the Makefile, there will be some other object files rebuild, - for example trap.o. With a bit of luck, the added - -g option will not change anything for the generated - code, so you will finally get a new kernel with similar code to - the faulting one but some debugging symbols. You should at - least verify the old and new sizes with the size(1) command. If - there is a mismatch, you probably need to give up here. - - Go and examine the dump as described above. The debugging - symbols might be incomplete for some places, as can be seen in - the stack trace in the example above where some functions are - displayed without line numbers and argument lists. If you need - more debugging symbols, remove the appropriate object files and - repeat the kgdb session until you know enough. - - All this is not guaranteed to work, but it will do it fine in - most cases. - -On-line kernel debugging using DDB - -

While kgdb as an offline debugger provides a very - high level of user interface, there are some things it cannot do. - The most important ones being breakpointing and single-stepping - kernel code. - - If you need to do low-level debugging on your kernel, there is - an on-line debugger available called DDB. It allows to - setting breakpoints, single-steping kernel functions, examining - and changing kernel variables, etc. However, it cannot not - access kernel source files, and only has access to the global - and static symbols, not to the full debug information like - kgdb. - - To configure your kernel to include DDB, add the option line - - options DDB - - to your config file, and rebuild. (See for details on configuring the - FreeBSD kernel. Note that if you have an older version of the - boot blocks, your debugger symbols might not be loaded at all. - Update the boot blocks, the recent ones do load the DDB symbols - automagically.) - - Once your DDB kernel is running, there are several ways to - enter DDB. The first, and earliest way is to type the boot - flag -d right at the boot prompt. The kernel will - start up in debug mode and enter DDB prior to any device - probing. Hence you are able to even debug the device - probe/attach functions. - - The second scenario is a hot-key on the keyboard, usually - Ctrl-Alt-ESC. For syscons, this can be remapped, and some of - the distributed maps do this, so watch out. - There is an option - available for serial consoles - that allows the use of a serial line BREAK on the console line to - enter DDB (``options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER'' - in the kernel config file). It is not the default since there are a lot of - crappy serial adapters around that gratuitously generate a - BREAK condition for example when pulling the cable. - - The third way is that any panic condition will branch to DDB if - the kernel is configured to use it. - For this reason, it is not wise to - configure a kernel with DDB for a machine running unattended. - - The DDB commands roughly resemble some gdb commands. The first you - probably need is to set a breakpoint: - - b function-name - b address - - - Numbers are taken hexadecimal by default, but to make them - distinct from symbol names, hexadecimal numbers starting with the - letters a-f need to be preceded with - 0x (for other numbers, this is optional). Simple - expressions are allowed, for example: function-name + 0x103. - - To continue the operation of an interrupted kernel, simply type - - c - - To get a stack trace, use - - trace - - Note that when entering DDB via a hot-key, the kernel is currently - servicing an interrupt, so the stack trace might be not of much use - for you. - - If you want to remove a breakpoint, use - - del - del address-expression - - The first form will be accepted immediately after a breakpoint hit, - and deletes the current breakpoint. The second form can remove any - breakpoint, but you need to specify the exact address, as it can be - obtained from - - show b - - To single-step the kernel, try - - s - - This will step into functions, but you can make DDB trace them until - the matching return statement is reached by - - n - - Note: this is different from gdb's `next' statement, it is like - gdb's `finish'. - - To examine data from memory, use (for example): - - x/wx 0xf0133fe0,40 - x/hd db_symtab_space - x/bc termbuf,10 - x/s stringbuf - - for word/halfword/byte access, and hexadecimal/decimal/character/ - string display. The number after the comma is the object count. - To display the next 0x10 items, simply use - - x ,10 - - Similarly, use - - x/ia foofunc,10 - - to disassemble the first 0x10 instructions of foofunc, and display - them along with their offset from the beginning of foofunc. - - To modify the memory, use the write command: - - w/b termbuf 0xa 0xb 0 - w/w 0xf0010030 0 0 - - The command modifier (b/h/w) - specifies the size of the data to be written, the first - following expression is the address to write to, the remainder - is interpreted as data to write to successive memory locations. - - If you need to know the current registers, use - - show reg - - Alternatively, you can display a single register value by e.g. - - p $eax - - and modify it by - - set $eax new-value - - - Should you need to call some kernel functions from DDB, simply - say - - call func(arg1, arg2, ...) - - The return value will be printed. - - For a ps(1) style summary of all running processes, use - - ps - - - Now you have now examined why your kernel failed, and you wish to - reboot. Remember that, depending on the severity of previous - malfunctioning, not all parts of the kernel might still be working - as expected. Perform one of the following actions to shut down and - reboot your system: - - call diediedie() - - - will cause your kernel to dump core and reboot, so you can - later analyze the core on a higher level with kgdb. This - command usually must be followed by another - `continue' statement. - There is now an alias for this: `panic'. - - - call boot(0) - - might be a good way to cleanly shut down the running system, sync() - all disks, and finally reboot. As long as the disk and file system - interfaces of the kernel are not damaged, this might be a good way - for an almost clean shutdown. - - - call cpu_reset() - - is the final way out of disaster and almost the same as hitting - the Big Red Button. - - If you need a short command summary, simply type - - help - - However, it is highly recommended to have a printed copy of the - ddb(4) manual page ready for a debugging session. - Remember that it is hard to read the on-line manual while - single-stepping the kernel. - -On-line kernel debugging using remote GDB - -

This feature is supported since FreeBSD 2.2, and it's actually - a very neat one. - - GDB used to support config -g, - include strip -x, - and boot it using the -% gdb -k kernel -GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it - under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. -There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. -GDB 4.16 (i386-unknown-freebsd), -Copyright 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc... -(kgdb) - - - Initialize the remote debugging session (assuming the first serial - port is being used) by: - -(kgdb) target remote /dev/cuaa0 - - - Now, on the target host (that entered DDB right before even starting - the device probe), type: - -Debugger("Boot flags requested debugger") -Stopped at Debugger+0x35: movb $0, edata+0x51bc -db> gdb - - - DDB will respond with: - -Next trap will enter GDB remote protocol mode - - - Every time you type ``gdb'', the mode will be toggled between - remote GDB and local DDB. In order to force a next trap - immediately, simply type ``s'' (step). Your hosting GDB will - now gain control over the target kernel: - -Remote debugging using /dev/cuaa0 -Debugger (msg=0xf01b0383 "Boot flags requested debugger") - at ../../i386/i386/db_interface.c:257 -(kgdb) - - - You can use this session almost as any other GDB session, including - full access to the source, running it in gud-mode inside an Emacs - window (which gives you an automatic source code display in another - Emacs window) etc. - -

Remote GDB can also be used to debug LKMs. First build the LKM - with debugging symbols: - -# cd /usr/src/lkm/linux -# make clean; make COPTS=-g - - - Then install this version of the module on the target machine, load it - and use modstat to find out where it was loaded: - -# linux -# modstat -Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name -EXEC 0 4 f5109000 001c f510f010 1 linux_mod - - - Take the load address of the module and add 0x20 (probably to account - for the a.out header). This is the address that the module code was - relocated to. Use the add-symbol-file command in GDB to tell the - debugger about the module: - -(kgdb) add-symbol-file /usr/src/lkm/linux/linux_mod.o 0xf5109020 -add symbol table from file "/usr/src/lkm/linux/linux_mod.o" at -text_addr = 0xf5109020? -(y or n) y -(kgdb) - - - You now have access to all the symbols in the LKM. - -Debugging a console driver - -

Since you need a console driver to run DDB on, things are more - complicated if the console driver itself is failing. You might - remember the use of a serial console (either with modified boot - blocks, or by specifying -h at the Boot: - prompt), and hook up a standard - terminal onto your first serial port. DDB works on any configured - console driver, of course also on a serial console. - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/kernelopts.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/kernelopts.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 7319eb6..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/kernelopts.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Adding New Kernel Configuration Options - -

Contributed by &a.joerg; - - before reading here. - -What's a kernel option, anyway? - -

The use of kernel options is basically described in the section. - There's also an explanation about ``historic'' and ``new-style'' - options. The ultimate goal is to eventually turn all the supported - options in the kernel into new-style ones, so for people who - correctly did a Basically, a kernel option is nothing else than the definition of - a C preprocessor macro for the kernel compilation process. To make - the build truly optional, the corresponding part of the kernel - source (or kernel -#ifndef THIS_OPTION -#define THIS_OPTION (some_default_value) -#endif /* THIS_OPTION */ - -

This way, an administrator mentioning another value for the - option in his config file will take the default out of effect, and - replace it with his new value. Apparently, the new value will be - substituted into the source code during the preprocessor run, so it - must be a valid C expression in whatever context the default value - would have been used. - -

It is also possible to create value-less options that simply - enable or disable a particular piece of code by embracing it in - - -#ifdef THAT_OPTION - -[your code here] - -#endif - -

Simply mentioning People familiar with the C language will immediately recognize - that everything could be counted as a ``config option'' where - there is at least a single - options notyet,notdef - -

in their config file however, and watch the kernel compilation - fall over. :-) - -

Apparently, using arbitrary names for the options makes it very - hard to track their usage throughout the kernel source tree. That is - the rationale behind the opt_foo.h. - This way, the usual Makefile dependencies could be applied, and - The old-style option mechanism still has one advantage for local - options or maybe experimental options that have a short anticipated - lifetime: since it is easy to add a new Now what do I have to do for it? - -

First, edit sys/conf/options (or - sys/i386/conf/options.<arch>, e. g. - sys/i386/conf/options.i386), and select an - opt_foo.h file where your new option would best go - into. - -

If there is already something that comes close to the purpose of - the new option, pick this. For example, options modifying the - overall behaviour of the SCSI subsystem can go into If there is no opt_foo.h already available for - the intended new option, invent a new name. Make it meaningful, and - comment the new section in the - options[.<arch>] file. Packing too many options into a single - opt_foo.h will cause too many kernel files to be - rebuilt when one of the options has been changed in the config file. - -

Finally, find out which kernel files depend on the new option. - Unless you have just invented your option, and it does not exist - anywhere yet, - - - find /usr/src/sys -name type f | xargs fgrep NEW_OPTION - -

is your friend in finding them. Go and edit all those files, and - add - - -#include "opt_foo.h" - -

on top, before all the -#ifndef NEW_OPTION -#define NEW_OPTION (something) -#endif - -

in the regular header. - -

Adding an option that overrides something in a system header file - (i. e., a file sitting in /usr/include/sys/) is almost - always a mistake. opt_foo.h cannot be included - into those files since it would break the headers more seriously, - but if it is not included, then places that include it may get an - inconsistent value for the option. Yes, there are precedents for - this right now, but that does not make them more correct. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/linuxemu.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/linuxemu.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index cca6541..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/linuxemu.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,700 +0,0 @@ - - - -Linux Emulation - -

Contributed by &a.handy and &a.rich; - -How to install the Linux emulator - -

Linux emulation in FreeBSD has reached a point where it is possible -to run a large fraction of Linux binaries in both a.out and ELF -format. The linux emulation in the 2.1-STABLE branch is capable of -running Linux DOOM and Mathematica; the version present in -FreeBSD-2.2-RELEASE is vastly more capable and runs all these as well as -Quake, Abuse, IDL, netrek for Linux and a whole host of other -programs. - -There are some Linux-specific operating system features that are not -supported on FreeBSD. Linux binaries will not work on FreeBSD if they -use the Linux /proc filesystem (which is different from the optional -FreeBSD /proc filesystem) or i386-specific calls, such as enabling -virtual 8086 mode. - -

To tell whether your kernel is configured for Linux -compatibility simply run any Linux binary. If it -prints the error message - - -linux-executable: Exec format error. Wrong Architecture. - - -then you do not have linux compatibility support and -you need to configure and install a new kernel. - -Depending on which version of FreeBSD you are running, how you get -Linux-emulation up will vary slightly: - -Installing Linux Emulation in 2.1-STABLE - -

The GENERIC kernel in 2.1-STABLE is not configured for linux -compatibility so you must reconfigure your kernel for it. There -are two ways to do this: 1. linking the emulator statically in the -kernel itself and 2. configuring your kernel to dynamically load the -linux loadable kernel module (LKM). - -

To enable the emulator, add the following to your configuration file -(c.f. /sys/i386/conf/LINT): - - -options COMPAT_LINUX - - -If you want to run doom or other applications -that need shared memory -also add the following. - - -options SYSVSHM - - -The linux system calls require 4.3BSD system call compatibility. So -make sure you have the following. - - -options "COMPAT_43" - - - -If you prefer to statically link the emulator in the kernel rather than -use the loadable kernel module (LKM), then add - - -options LINUX - - -Then run config and install the new kernel as described in the - section. - -If you decide to use the LKM you must also install the loadable -module. A mismatch of versions between the kernel and loadable -module can cause the kernel to crash, so the safest thing to do is to -reinstall the LKM when you install the kernel. - - -% cd /usr/src/lkm/linux -% make all install - - -Once you have installed the kernel and the LKM, you can invoke -`linux' as root to load the LKM. - - -% linux -Linux emulator installed -Module loaded as ID 0 -% - - -To see whether the LKM is loaded, run `modstat'. - - -% modstat -Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name -EXEC 0 3 f0baf000 0018 f0bb4000 1 linux_emulator -% - - -You can cause the LKM to be loaded when the system boots in either of -two ways. On FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE and 2.1-STABLE enable it in -/etc/sysconfig - - -linux=YES - - -by changing it from NO to YES. FreeBSD 2.1 RELEASE and earlier do not -have such a line and on those you will need to edit /etc/rc.local to -add the following line. - - -linux - - - -Installing Linux Emulation in 2.2-RELEASE and later - -

It is no longer necessary to specify ``options LINUX'' -or ``options COMPAT_LINUX''. Linux emulation is done with an LKM -(``Loadable Kernel Module'') so it can be installed on the fly without -having to reboot. You will need the following things in your startup files, -however: - - In /etc/sysconfig, you need the following line: - - -linux=YES - - - This, in turn, triggers the following action in /etc/rc.i386: - - -# Start the Linux binary emulation if requested. -if [ "X${linux}" = X"YES" ]; then - echo -n ' '; linux - # XXX BOGUS - Linux script shouldn't make any output on success -fi - - - - -

If you want to verify it is running, modstat will do that: - - -% modstat -Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name -EXEC 0 4 f09e6000 001c f09ec010 1 linux_mod -% - - -However, there have been reports that this fails on some 2.2-RELEASE and -later systems. If for some reason you cannot load the linux -LKM, then statically link the emulator in the kernel by adding - - -options LINUX - - -to your kernel config file. Then run config and install the new -kernel as described in the section. - -Installing Linux Runtime Libraries - -Installing using the linux_lib port - -

Most linux applications use shared libraries, so you are still not -done until you install the shared libraries. It is possible to do -this by hand, however, it is vastly simpler to just grab the -linux_lib port: - - -% cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib -% make all install - - - -and you should have a working linux emulator. Legend (and the mail -archives :-) seems to hold that Linux emulation works best with -linux binaries linked against the ZMAGIC libraries; QMAGIC libraries -(such as those used in Slackware V2.0) may tend to give the -Linuxulator heartburn. As of this writing (March 1996) ELF emulation -is still in the formulative stages but seems to work pretty well. Also, -expect some programs to complain about incorrect minor versions. In -general this does not seem to be a problem. - -Installing libraries manually - -

If you do not have the ``ports'' distribution, you can install the -libraries by hand instead. You will need the Linux shared libraries -that the program depends on and the runtime linker. Also, you will -need to create a "shadow root" directory, /compat/linux, for Linux -libraries on your FreeBSD system. Any shared libraries opened by -Linux programs run under FreeBSD will look in this tree first. So, if -a Linux program loads, for example, /lib/libc.so, FreeBSD will first -try to open /compat/linux/lib/libc.so, and if that does not exist then -it will try /lib/libc.so. Shared libraries should be installed in the -shadow tree /compat/linux/lib rather than the paths that the Linux -ld.so reports. - - -FreeBSD-2.2-RELEASE and later works slightly differently with respect to -/compat/linux. On -CURRENT, all files, not just libraries, are -searched for from the ``shadow root'' /compat/linux. - -Generally, you will need to look for the shared libraries that Linux -binaries depend on only the first few times that you install a Linux -program on your FreeBSD system. After a while, you will have a sufficient -set of Linux shared libraries on your system to be able to run newly -imported Linux binaries without any extra work. - -How to install additional shared libraries - -

What if you install the linux_lib port and your application still -complains about missing shared libraries? How do you know which -shared libraries Linux binaries need, and where to get them? -Basically, there are 2 possibilities (when following these -instructions: you will need to be root on your FreeBSD system to do -the necessary installation steps). - -

If you have access to a Linux system, see what shared libraries -it needs, and copy them to your FreeBSD system. Example: you have -just ftp'ed the Linux binary of Doom. Put it on the Linux -system you have access to, and check which shared libraries it -needs by running `ldd linuxxdoom': - - - -% ldd linuxxdoom -libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0 -libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0 -libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -

You would need go get all the files from the last column, and -put them under /compat/linux, with the names in the first column -as symbolic links pointing to them. This means you eventually have -these files on your FreeBSD system: - - -/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0 -/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3 -> libXt.so.3.1.0 -/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0 -/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0 -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29 -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -

Note that if you already have a Linux shared library with a -matching major revision number to the first column of the 'ldd' -output, you will not need to copy the file named in the last column to -your system, the one you already have should work. It is advisable to -copy the shared library anyway if it is a newer version, though. You -can remove the old one, as long as you make the symbolic link point to -the new one. So, if you have these libraries on your system: - - -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27 -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.27 - - - -and you find a new binary that claims to require a later version -according to the output of ldd: - - -libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -If it is only one or two versions out of date in the in the trailing -digit then do not worry about copying /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 too, because -the program should work fine with the slightly older version. -However, if you like you can decide to replace the libc.so anyway, and -that should leave you with: - - -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29 -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -

Please note that the symbolic link mechanism is only -needed for Linux binaries, the FreeBSD runtime linker takes care of -looking for matching major revision numbers itself, you do not need to -worry about that. - -Configuring the ld.so -- for FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE only - -

This section applies only to FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE and later. Those running -2.1-STABLE should skip this section. - -

Finally, if you run FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE you must make sure that you -have the Linux runtime linker and its config files on your system. You -should copy these files from the Linux system to their appropriate -place on your FreeBSD system (to the /compat/linux tree): - - -/compat/linux/lib/ld.so -/compat/linux/etc/ld.so.config - - - -

If you do not have access to a Linux system, you should get the -extra files you need from various ftp sites. Information on where to -look for the various files is appended below. For now, let us assume -you know where to get the files. - -

-Retrieve the following files (all from the same ftp site to avoid any -version mismatches), and install them under /compat/linux -(i.e. /foo/bar is installed as /compat/linux/foo/bar): - - -/sbin/ldconfig -/usr/bin/ldd -/lib/libc.so.x.y.z -/lib/ld.so - - - -

ldconfig and ldd do not necessarily need to be under /compat/linux, -you can install them elsewhere in the system too. Just make sure they -do not conflict with their FreeBSD counterparts. A good idea would be -to install them in /usr/local/bin as ldconfig-linux and ldd-linux. -

-Create the file /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.conf, containing the -directories in which the Linux runtime linker should look -for shared libs. It is a plain text file, containing a directory -name on each line. /lib and /usr/lib are standard, you could -add the following: - - -/usr/X11/lib -/usr/local/lib - - - -

When a linux binary opens a library such as /lib/libc.so the -emulator maps the name to /compat/linux/lib/libc.so internally. All -linux libraries should be installed under /compat/linux (e.g. -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so, /compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so, etc.) -in order for the emulator to find them. - -

Those running FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE should run the Linux ldconfig program. - - -% cd /compat/linux/lib -% /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig - - - -

Ldconfig is statically linked, so it does not need any shared -libraries to run. It creates the file /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache -which contains the names of all the shared libraries. It should rerun -to recreate this file whenever you install additional shared -libraries. - -On 2.1-STABLE do not install /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache or run -ldconfig because in 2.1-STABLE the syscalls are implemented -differently and ldconfig is not needed or used. - -

You should now be set up for Linux binaries which only need a -shared libc. You can test this by running the Linux ldd on -itself. Suppose that you have it installed as ldd-linux, it should -produce something like: - - -% ldd-linux `which ldd-linux` -libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -

This being done, you are ready to install new Linux binaries. -Whenever you install a new Linux program, you should check if it needs -shared libraries, and if so, whether you have them installed in the -/compat/linux tree. To do this, you run the Linux version ldd on the -new program, and watch its output. ldd (see also the manual page for -ldd(1)) will print a list of shared libraries that the program depends -on, in the form majorname (jumpversion) => fullname. - -

If it prints "not found" instead of fullname it means that you -need an extra library. Which library this is, is shown in majorname, -which will be of the form libXXXX.so.N You will need to find a -libXXXX.so.N.mm on a Linux ftp site, and install it on your -system. The XXXX (name) and N (major revision number) should match; -the minor number(s) mm are less important, though it is advised to -take the most recent version. - -Configuring the host name resolver - -

If DNS does not work or you get the messages - - -resolv+: "bind" is an invalid keyword -resolv+: "hosts" is an invalid keyword - - - -then you need to configure a /compat/linux/etc/host.conf file -containing: - - -order hosts, bind -multi on - - - -where the order here specifies that /etc/hosts is searched first and -DNS is searched second. When /compat/linux/etc/host.conf is not -installed linux applications find FreeBSD's /etc/host.conf and -complain about the incompatible FreeBSD syntax. You should remove -`bind,' if you have not configured a name-server using the -/etc/resolv.conf file. - -

Lastly, those who run 2.1-STABLE need to set an the -RESOLV_HOST_CONF environment variable so that applications will know -how to search the host tables. If you run FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE can -skip this. For the /bin/csh shell use: - - -setenv RESOLV_HOST_CONF /compat/linux/etc/host.conf - - - -For /bin/sh use: - - -RESOLV_HOST_CONF=/compat/linux/etc/host.conf; export RESOLV_HOST_CONF - - - -Finding the necessary files - -

Note: the information below is valid as of the time this document -was written, but certain details such as names of ftp sites, -directories and distribution names may have changed by the time you -read this. - -

Linux is distributed by several groups that make their own set -of binaries that they distribute. Each distribution has its own -name, like ``Slackware'' or ``Yggdrasil''. The distributions are -available on a lot of ftp sites. Sometimes the files are unpacked, -and you can get the individual files you need, but mostly they -are stored in distribution sets, usually consisting of subdirectories -with gzipped tar files in them. The primary ftp sites for the -distributions are: - -sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/distributions -tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/distributions - - -

-Some European mirrors: - -ftp.luth.se:/pub/linux/distributions -ftp.demon.co.uk:/pub/linux/distributions -src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/packages/linux/distributions - - -

For simplicity, let us concentrate on Slackware here. This -distribution consists of a number of subdirectories, containing -separate packages. Normally, they are controlled by an install -program, but you can retrieve files "by hand" too. First of all, you -will need to look in the "contents" subdir of the distribution. You -will find a lot of small text files here describing the contents of the -separate packages. The fastest way to look something up is to retrieve -all the files in the contents subdirectory, and grep through them for -the file you need. Here is an example of a list of files that you -might need, and in which contents-file you will find it by grepping -through them: - -Library Package -ld.so ldso -ldconfig ldso -ldd ldso -libc.so.4 shlibs -libX11.so.6.0 xf_lib -libXt.so.6.0 xf_lib -libX11.so.3 oldlibs -libXt.so.3 oldlibs - - -

So, in this case, you will need the packages ldso, shlibs, xf_lib -and oldlibs. In each of the contents-files for these packages, look -for a line saying ``PACKAGE LOCATION'', it will tell you on which `disk' -the package is, in our case it will tell us in which subdirectory we -need to look. For our example, we would find the following locations: - -Package Location -ldso diska2 -shlibs diska2 -oldlibs diskx6 -xf_lib diskx9 - - -

The locations called ``diskXX'' refer to the ``slakware/XX'' -subdirectories of the distribution, others may be found in the -``contrib'' subdirectory. In this case, we could now retrieve the -packages we need by retrieving the following files (relative to -the root of the Slackware distribution tree): - - -slakware/a2/ldso.tgz -slakware/a2/shlibs.tgz -slakware/x6/oldlibs/tgz -slakware/x9/xf_lib.tgz - - - -

Extract the files from these gzipped tarfiles in your -/compat/linux directory (possibly omitting or afterwards -removing files you do not need), and you are done. - -

See also: - -ftp.freebsd.org:pub/FreeBSD/2.0.5-RELEASE/xperimnt/linux-emu/README - -/usr/src/sys/i386/ibcs2/README.iBCS2 - - -How to Install Mathematica on FreeBSD - -

Contributed by &a.rich and &a.chuck - -This document shows how to install the Linux binary -distribution of Mathematica 2.2 on FreeBSD 2.1. - -

Mathematica supports Linux but not FreeBSD as it stands. So once -you have configured your system for Linux compatibility you have most -of what you need to run Mathematica. - -

For those who already have the student edition of -Mathematica for DOS the cost of upgrading to the Linux -version at the time this was written, March 1996, was -$45.00. It can be ordered directly from Wolfram at -(217) 398-6500 and paid for by credit card. - -Unpacking the Mathematica distribution -

The binaries are currently distributed by Wolfram on CDROM. -The CDROM has about a dozen tar files, each of which is a binary -distribution for one of the supported architectures. The one -for Linux is named LINUX.TAR. You can, for example, unpack this -into /usr/local/Mathematica: - - -% cd /usr/local -% mkdir Mathematica -% cd Mathematica -% tar -xvf /cdrom/LINUX.TAR - - - -Obtaining your Mathematica Password -

Before you can run Mathematica you will have to obtain -a password from Wolfram that corresponds to your -`machine ID.' - -

Once you have installed the linux compatibility runtime -libraries and unpacked the mathematica you can obtain -the `machine ID' by running the program `mathinfo' in -the Install directory. - - -% cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install -% mathinfo -LINUX: 'ioctl' fd=5, typ=0x89(), num=0x27 not implemented -richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu 9845-03452-90255 -% - - -So, for example, the `machine ID' of `richc' is `9845-03452-90255'. -You can ignore the message about the ioctl that is not -implemented. It will not prevent Mathematica from running -in any way and you can safely ignore it, though you -will see the message every time you run Mathematica. - -

When you register with Wolfram, either by email, phone -or fax, you will give them the 'machine ID' and they will -respond with a corresponding password consisting of -groups of numbers. You need to add them both along -with the machine name and license number in your -mathpass file. - -You can do this by invoking: - - -% cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install -% math.install - - -It will ask you to enter your license number and the -Wolfram supplied password. If you get them mixed up or -for some reason the math.install fails, That is OK, -because you can simply edit the file 'mathpass' in this -same directory to correct the info manually. - -

After getting past the password, math.install will ask -you if you accept their canned install defaults, or if -you want to use your own. If you are like us and -distrust all install programs, you probably want to -specify the actual directories. Beware. Although the -math.install program asks you to specify directories, -it will not create them for you, so you should perhaps -have a second window open with another shell so that -you can create them before you give them to the install -program. Or, if it fails, you -can create the directories and then restart the -math.install program. The directories we chose to -create beforehand and specify to math.install were: - - -/usr/local/Mathematica/bin for binaries -/usr/local/Mathematica/man/man1 for man pages -/usr/local/Mathematica/lib/X11 for the XKeysymb file - - -You can also tell it to use /tmp/math.record for the -system record file, where it puts logs of sessions. -After this math.install will continue on to -unpacking things and placing everything where it should -go. - -

The Mathematica Notebook feature is included separately, -as the X Front End, and you have to install it separately. -To get the X Front End stuff correctly installed, cd -into the /usr/local/Mathematica/FrontEnd directory and -executed the ./xfe.install shell script. You will have -to tell it where to put things, but you do not have to -create any directories because it uses all the same -directories that had been created for math.install. -When it finished, there should be a new shell script in -/usr/local/Mathematica/bin called "mathematica". - -

Lastly, you need to modify each of the shell scripts that -Mathematica has installed. At the beginning of every shell script in -/usr/local/Mathematica/bin add the following line: - - -XKEYSYMDB=/usr/local/Mathematica/lib/X11/XKeysymDB; export XKEYSYMDB - - -This tells Mathematica were to find its own version of the key -mapping file XKeysymDB. Without this you will get pages of error -messages about missing key mappings. - -On 2.1-STABLE you need to add the following as well: - - -RESOLV_HOST_CONF=/compat/linux/etc/host.conf; export RESOLV_HOST_CONF - - -This tells Mathematica to use the linux version of host.conf. This -file has a different syntax from FreeBSD's host.conf, so you will get an -error message about /etc/host.conf if you leave this out. - -

You might want to also modify your /etc/manpath.config file -to read the new man directory, and you may need to edit your -~/.cshrc file to add /usr/local/Mathematica/bin -to your path. - -

That is about all it takes, With this you should be able -to type "mathematica" and get a really slick looking -Mathematica Notebook screen up. Mathematica has included -the Motif user interfaces, but it is compiled in statically, -so you do not need the Motif libraries. Good luck doing this -yourself! - -Bugs - -

The Notebook front end is known to hang sometimes when reading -notebook files with an error messages similar to: - - -File .../Untitled-1.mb appears to be broken for OMPR.257.0 - - - -We have not found the cause for this, but it only affects the -Notebook's X Window front end, not the mathematica engine itself. So -the command line interface invoked by 'math' is unaffected by this -bug. - -Acknowledgments - -

A well-deserved thanks should go to &a.sos; and &a.peter; -who made linux emulation what it is today, and Michael Smith who -drove these two guys like dogs to get it to the point where it runs -Linux binaries better than linux! :-) diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/lists.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/lists.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 6ff7f9e..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/lists.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,67 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/mail.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/mail.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 2a076a3..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/mail.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,430 +0,0 @@ - - -Electronic Mail - -

Contributed by &a.wlloyd;. - -

Electronic Mail configuration is the subject of many books. If you plan on doing anything beyond setting up one mailhost for your network, you need industrial strength help. - -Some parts of E-Mail configuration are controlled in the Domain Name System (DNS). If you are going to run your own own DNS server check out /etc/namedb and ' man -k named ' for more information. - -Basic Information - -

- These are the major programs involved in an E-Mail exchange. -A User program -

This is a program like sendmail or delivering it over TCP. - - Mailhost Server Daemon -

Usually this program is /etc/sysconfig . It is best to leave it on, unless you have a specific reason to want it off. Example: You are building a . - -

You should be aware that sendmail is a potential weak link in a secure site. Some versions of sendmail have known security problems. - -

sendmail does two jobs. It looks after delivering and receiving mail. - -If needs to delivery mail off your site it will look up in the DNS to determine the actual host that will receive mail for the destination. - -

If it is acting as a delivery agent DNS - Name Service -

The Domain Name System and its daemon POP Servers -

This program gets the mail from your mailbox and gives it to your browser. If you want to run a POP server on your computer, you will need to do 2 things. - -Get pop software from the that can be found in /usr/ports - or packages collection. This handbook section has a complete reference on the system. -Modify /etc/inetd.conf to load the POP server. - - -The pop program will have instructions with it. Read them. - - - -Configuration - - Basic -

-As your FreeBSD system comes "out of the box"[TM], you should be able to send E-mail to external hosts as long as you have /etc/resolv.conf setup or are running a name server. - If you want to have mail for your host delivered to your specific host,there are two methods: -

-- Run a name server ( man -k named ) and have your own domain smallminingco.com -

-- Get mail delivered to the current DNS name for your host. Ie: dorm6.ahouse.school.edu -

-No matter what option you choose, to have mail delivered directly to your host, you must be a full Internet host. You must have a permanent IP address. IE: NO dynamic PPP. If you are behind a firewall, the firewall must be passing on smtp traffic to you. From /etc/services - -smtp 25/tcp mail #Simple Mail Transfer - -If you want to receive mail at your host itself, you must make sure that the DNS MX entry points to your host address, or there is no MX entry for your DNS name. - -Try this - -newbsdbox# hostname -newbsdbox.freebsd.org -newbsdbox# host newbsdbox.freebsd.org -newbsdbox.freebsd.org has address 204.216.27.xx - - -If that is all that comes out for your machine, mail directory to root@newbsdbox.freebsd.org will work no problems. - -If instead, you have this - -newbsdbox# host newbsdbox.freebsd.org -newbsdbox.FreeBSD.org has address 204.216.27.xx -newbsdbox.FreeBSD.org mail is handled (pri=10) by freefall.FreeBSD.org - -All mail sent to your host directly will end up on freefall, under the same username. - -This information is setup in your domain name server. This should be the same host that is listed as your primary nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf - -The DNS record that carries mail routing information is the Mail eXchange entry. If no MX entry exists, mail will be delivered directly to the host by way of the Address record. - -The MX entry for freefall.freebsd.org at one time. - - freefall MX 30 mail.crl.net - freefall MX 40 agora.rdrop.com - freefall HINFO Pentium FreeBSD - freefall MX 10 freefall.FreeBSD.org - freefall MX 20 who.cdrom.com - freefall A 204.216.27.xx - freefall CNAME www.FreeBSD.org - - -Freefall has many MX entries. The lowest MX number gets the mail in the end. The others will queue mail temporarily, if freefall is busy or down. - -Alternate MX sites should have separate connections to the Internet, to be most useful. An Internet Provider or other friendly site can provide this service. - -dig, nslookup, and host are your friends. - - Mail for your Domain (Network). -

-To setup up a network mailhost, you need to direct the mail from arriving at all the workstations. In other words, you want to hijack all mail for *.smallminingco.com and divert it to one machine, your mailhost. - -The network users on their workstations will most likely pick up their mail over POP or telnet. - -A user account with the SAME USERNAME should exist on both machines. Please use /nonexistent the user will not be allowed to login. - -The mailhost that you will be using must be designated the Mail eXchange for each workstation. This must be arranged in DNS (ie BIND, named). Please refer to a Networking book for in-depth information. - -You basically need to add these lines in your DNS server. - -pc24.smallminingco.com A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ; Workstation ip - MX 10 smtp.smallminingco.com ; Your mailhost - - -You cannot do this yourself unless you are running a DNS server. If you do not want to run a DNS server, get somebody else like your Internet Provider to do it. - -This will redirect mail for the workstation to the Mail eXchange host. It does not matter what machine the A record points to, the mail will be sent to the MX host. -

-This feature is used to implement Virtual E-Mail Hosting. -

Example -

-I have a customer with domain foo.bar and I want all mail for foo.bar to be sent to my machine smtp.smalliap.com. You must make an entry in your DNS server like: - -foo.bar MX 10 smtp.smalliap.com ; your mailhost - -The A record is not needed if you only want E-Mail for the domain. IE: Don't expect ping foo.bar to work unless an Address record for foo.bar exists as well. - -On the mailhost that actually accepts mail for final delivery to a mailbox, sendmail must be told what hosts it will be accepting mail for. - -

Add pc24.smallminingco.com to /etc/sendmail.cw (if you are using FEATURE(use_cw_file)), or add a "Cw myhost.smalliap.com" line to /etc/sendmail.cf -

-If you plan on doing anything serious with . - - - - Setting up UUCP. -

Stolen from the FAQ. -

- The sendmail configuration that ships with FreeBSD is - suited for sites that connect directly to the Internet. - Sites that wish to exchange their mail via UUCP must install - another sendmail configuration file. - -

- Tweaking /etc/sendmail.cf manually is considered - something for purists. Sendmail version 8 comes with a - new approach of generating config files via some m4 - preprocessing, where the actual hand-crafted configuration - is on a higher abstraction level. You should use the - configuration files under - - - /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf - - - If you did not install your system with full sources, - the sendmail config stuff has been - broken out into a separate source distribution tarball just - for you. Assuming you have your CD-ROM mounted, do: - - - cd /usr/src - tar -xvzf /cdrom/dists/src/ssmailcf.aa - - - Do not panic, this is only a few hundred kilobytes in size. - The file README in the cf directory can - serve as a basic introduction to m4 configuration. - -

- For UUCP delivery, you are best advised to use the - mailertable feature. This constitutes a database - that sendmail can use to base its routing decision upon. - -

- First, you have to create your .mc file. The - directory /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf is the - home of these files. Look around, there are already a few - examples. Assuming you have named your file foo.mc, - all you need to do in order to convert it into a valid - sendmail.cf is: - - - cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf - make foo.cf - cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf - - - A typical .mc file might look like: - - - include(`../m4/cf.m4') - VERSIONID(`Your version number') - OSTYPE(bsd4.4) - - FEATURE(nodns) - FEATURE(nocanonify) - FEATURE(mailertable) - - define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) - define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) - - MAILER(local) - MAILER(smtp) - MAILER(uucp) - - Cw your.alias.host.name - Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP - - - The nodns and nocanonify features will - prevent any usage of the DNS during mail delivery. The - UUCP_RELAY clause is needed for bizarre reasons, - do not ask. Simply put an Internet hostname there that - is able to handle .UUCP pseudo-domain addresses; most likely, - you will enter the mail relay of your ISP there. - -

- Once you have this, you need this file called - /etc/mailertable. A typical example of this - gender again: - - - # - # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable - # - horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus - .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus - interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus - .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 - horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus - if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus - . uucp-dom:sax - - - As you can see, this is part of a real-life file. The first - three lines handle special cases where domain-addressed mail - should not be sent out to the default route, but instead to - some UUCP neighbor in order to ``shortcut'' the delivery - path. The next line handles mail to the local Ethernet - domain that can be delivered using SMTP. Finally, the UUCP - neighbors are mentioned in the .UUCP pseudo-domain notation, - to allow for a ``uucp-neighbor!recipient'' override of the - default rules. The last line is always a single dot, matching - everything else, with UUCP delivery to a UUCP neighbor that - serves as your universal mail gateway to the world. All of - the node names behind the uucp-dom: keyword must - be valid UUCP neighbors, as you can verify using the - command uuname. - -

- As a reminder that this file needs to be converted into a - DBM database file before being usable, the command line to - accomplish this is best placed as a comment at the top of - the mailertable. You always have to execute this command - each time you change your mailertable. - -

- Final hint: if you are uncertain whether some particular - mail routing would work, remember the -bt option to - sendmail. It starts sendmail in address test mode; - simply enter ``0 '', followed by the address you wish to - test for the mail routing. The last line tells you the used - internal mail agent, the destination host this agent will be - called with, and the (possibly translated) address. Leave - this mode by typing Control-D. - - - j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt - ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) - Enter

- > 0 foo@interface-business.de - rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de - ... - rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ - < @ interface-business . de > - > ^D - j@uriah 192% - - - -FAQ - -

Migration from FAQ. - - - - Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site? -

- You will probably find that the host is actually in a different - domain; for example, if you are in foo.bar.edu and you wish to reach - a host called ``mumble'' in the bar.edu domain, you will have to - refer to it by the fully-qualified domain name, ``mumble.bar.edu'', - instead of just ``mumble''. -

- Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers. However - the current version of BIND that ships with FreeBSD - no longer provides default abbreviations for non-fully - qualified domain names other than the domain you are in. - So an unqualified host mumble must either be found - as mumble.foo.bar.edu, or it will be searched for - in the root domain. -

- This is different from the previous behavior, where the - search continued across mumble.bar.edu, and - mumble.edu. Have a look at RFC 1535 for why this - was considered bad practice, or even a security hole. -

- As a good workaround, you can place the line -

-search foo.bar.edu bar.edu -

- instead of the previous - -

-domain foo.bar.edu -

- into your /etc/resolv.conf. However, make sure - that the search order does not go beyond the ``boundary - between local and public administration'', as RFC 1535 - calls it. - - - - Sendmail says ``mail loops back to myself'' -

- This is answered in the sendmail FAQ as follows:- - - * I am getting "Local configuration error" messages, such as: - - 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself - 554 ... Local configuration error - - How can I solve this problem? - - You have asked mail to the domain (e.g., domain.net) to be - forwarded to a specific host (in this case, relay.domain.net) - by using an MX record, but the relay machine does not recognize - itself as domain.net. Add domain.net to /etc/sendmail.cw - (if you are using FEATURE(use_cw_file)) or add "Cw domain.net" - to /etc/sendmail.cf. - -

- The sendmail FAQ is in /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail - and is recommended reading if you want to do any - ``tweaking'' of your mail setup. - - -How can I do E-Mail with a dialup PPP host? -

-You want to connect a FreeBSD box on a lan, to the Internet. The FreeBSD box will be a mail gateway for the lan. The PPP connection is non-dedicated. - -There are at least two way to do this. - -The other is to use UUCP. - -The key is to get a Internet site to provide secondary MX services for your domain. -For example: - -bigco.com. MX 10 bigco.com. - MX 20 smalliap.com. - - -Only one host should be specified as the final recipient ( add ``Cw bigco.com'' in /etc/sendmail.cf on bigco.com). - -When the senders sendmail is trying to deliver the mail it will try to connect to you over the modem link. It will most likely time out because you are not online. Sendmail will automatically deliver it to the secondary MX site, ie your Internet provider. The secondary MX site will try every (sendmail_flags = "-bd -q15m" in /etc/sysconfig ) 15 minutes to connect to your host to deliver the mail to the primary MX site. - -You might wat to use something like this as a login script. - -#!/bin/sh -# Put me in /usr/local/bin/pppbigco -( sleep 60 ; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q ) & -/usr/sbin/ppp -direct pppbigco - -If you are going to create a separate login script for a user you could use sendmail -qRbigco.com instead in the script above. This will force all mail in your queue for bigco.com to be processed immediately. - - -A further refinement of the situation is as follows. - -Message stolen from the freebsd-isp mailing list. - -> we provide the secondary mx for a customer. The customer connects to -> our services several times a day automatically to get the mails to -> his primary mx (We do not call his site when a mail for his domains -> arrived). Our sendmail sends the mailqueue every 30 minutes. At the -> moment he has to stay 30 minutes online to be sure that all mail is -> gone to the primary mx. -> -> Is there a command that would initiate sendmail to send all the mails -> now? The user has not root-privileges on our machine of course. - -In the 'privacy flags' section of sendmail.cf, there is a definition -Opgoaway,restrictqrun - -Remove restrictqrun to allow non-root users to start the queue processing. -You might also like to rearrange the MXs. We are the 1st MX for our -customers like this, and we have defined: - -# If we are the best MX for a host, try directly instead of generating -# local config error. -OwTrue - -That way a remote site will deliver straight to you, without trying -the customer connection. You then send to your customer. Only works for -"hosts", so you need to get your customer to name their mail machine -"customer.com" as well as "hostname.customer.com" in the DNS. Just put -an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/memoryuse.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/memoryuse.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 9e62d22..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/memoryuse.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ - - - -PC memory utilization - -

Contributed by &a.joerg;. - 16 Apr 1995. - -A short description of how FreeBSD uses the memory on the i386 -platform - -The boot sector will be loaded at 0:0x7c00, and relocates itself -immediately to 0x7c0:0. (This is nothing magic, just an adjustment -for the %cs selector, done by an ljmp.) - -It then loads the first 15 sectors at 0x10000 (segment BOOTSEG in the -biosboot Makefile), and sets up the stack to work below 0x1fff0. -After this, it jumps to the entry of boot2 within that code. I.e., it -jumps over itself and the (dummy) partition table, and it is going to -adjust the %cs selector---we are still in 16-bit mode there. - -boot2 asks for the boot file, and examines the a.out header. It masks -the file entry point (usually 0xf0100000) by 0x00ffffff, and loads the -file there. Hence the usual load point is 1 MB (0x00100000). During -load, the boot code toggles back and forth between real and protected -mode, to use the BIOS in real mode. - -The boot code itself uses segment selectors 0x18 and 0x20 for %cs and -%ds/%es in protected mode, and 0x28 to jump back into real mode. The -kernel is finally started with %cs 0x08 and %ds/%es/%ss 0x10, which -refer to dummy descriptors covering the entire address space. - -The kernel will be started at its load point. Since it has been linked -for another (high) address, it will have to execute PIC until the page -table and page directory stuff is setup properly, at which point -paging will be enabled and the kernel will finally run at the address -for which it was linked. - - -Contributed by &a.davidg;. - 16 Apr 1995. - -The physical pages immediately following the kernel BSS contain -proc0's page directory, page tables, and upages. Some time later -when the VM system is initialized, the physical memory between -0x1000-0x9ffff and the physical memory after the kernel -(text+data+bss+proc0 stuff+other misc) is made available in the -form of general VM pages and added to the global free page list. - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/mirrors.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/mirrors.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index c8557d3..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/mirrors.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,702 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -Obtaining FreeBSD - -CD-ROM Publishers - -

FreeBSD is available on CD-ROM from Walnut Creek CDROM: - - Walnut Creek CDROM - 1547 Palos Verdes Mall, Suite 260 - Walnut Creek CA 94596 USA - Phone: +1 510 674-0783 - Fax: +1 510 674-0821 - Email: - WWW: - - -FTP Sites - -

The official sources for FreeBSD are available via anonymous FTP from: - -. - - -

Additionally, FreeBSD is available via anonymous FTP from the - following mirror sites. If you choose to obtain FreeBSD via - anonymous FTP, please try to use a site near you. - -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -. - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Contact: . - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Contact: . - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Contact: . - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Contact: . - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In case of problems, please contact the - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -The latest versions of export-restricted code for FreeBSD (2.0C or later) -(eBones and secure) are being made available at the following locations. -If you are outside the U.S. or Canada, please get secure (DES) and -eBones (Kerberos) from one of the following foreign distribution sites: - - - -South Africa - - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - - - - -Brazil - - -for this domain. - - - - - - - - -Finland - - - - - - Contact: . - - - - - -CTM Sites - -

/FreeBSD is available via anonymous FTP from the - following mirror sites. If you choose to obtain CTM via - anonymous FTP, please try to use a site near you. - -In case of problems, please contact &a.phk;. - - -California, Bay Area, official source - - - - - - -Germany, Berlin - - - - - - -Germany, Trier - - - - - - -South Africa, backup server for old deltas - - - - - - -Taiwan/R.O.C, Chiayi - - - - - - - - -If you did not find a mirror near to you or the mirror is incomplete, -try - at -. -FTP search is a great free archie server in Trondheim, Norway. - -CVSup Sites - -

servers for FreeBSD are running at -the following sites: - - - -Argentina - -cvsup.ar.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -Australia - -cvsup.au.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -Germany - -cvsup.de.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -Japan - -cvsup.jp.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -Netherlands - -cvsup.nl.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -Norway - -cvsup.no.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -South Africa - -cvsup.za.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -Taiwan - -sup.tw.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -USA - -cvsup.FreeBSD.ORG -() -cvsup2.FreeBSD.ORG -() -cvsup4.FreeBSD.ORG -() -cvsup5.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - - - -The export-restricted code for FreeBSD (eBones and secure) is -available via CVSup at the following international repository. -Please use this site to get the export-restricted code, if you are -outside the USA or Canada. - - - -South Africa - -cvsup.internat.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/nfs.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/nfs.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 0be71bb..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/nfs.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ - - - -NFS - -

Contributed by &a.jlind;. - -Certain Ethernet adapters for ISA PC systems have limitations which -can lead to serious network problems, particularly with NFS. This -difficulty is not specific to FreeBSD, but FreeBSD systems are affected -by it. - -The problem nearly always occurs when (FreeBSD) PC systems are networked -with high-performance workstations, such as those made by Silicon Graphics, -Inc., and Sun Microsystems, Inc. The NFS mount will work fine, and some -operations may succeed, but suddenly the server will seem to become -unresponsive to the client, even though requests to and from other systems -continue to be processed. This happens to the client system, whether the -client is the FreeBSD system or the workstation. On many systems, there is -no way to shut down the client gracefully once this problem has manifested -itself. The only solution is often to reset the client, because the NFS -situation cannot be resolved. - -Though the "correct" solution is to get a higher performance and capacity -Ethernet adapter for the FreeBSD system, there is a simple workaround that -will allow satisfactory operation. If the FreeBSD system is the SERVER, -include the option "-w=1024" on the mount from the client. If the -FreeBSD system is the CLIENT, then mount the NFS file system with the -option "-r=1024". These options may be specified using the fourth -field of the fstab entry on the client for automatic mounts, or by using -the "-o" parameter of the mount command for manual mounts. - -It should be noted that there is a different problem, -sometimes mistaken for this one, -when the NFS servers and clients are on different networks. -If that is the case, make CERTAIN that your routers are routing the -necessary UDP information, or you will not get anywhere, no matter -what else you are doing. - -In the following examples, "fastws" is the host (interface) name of a -high-performance workstation, and "freebox" is the host (interface) name of -a FreeBSD system with a lower-performance Ethernet adapter. Also, -"/sharedfs" will be the exported NFS filesystem (see "man exports"), and -"/project" will be the mount point on the client for the exported file -system. In all cases, note that additional options, such as "hard" or -"soft" and "bg" may be desirable in your application. - -Examples for the FreeBSD system ("freebox") as the client: - in /etc/fstab on freebox: -fastws:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-r=1024 0 0 - as a manual mount command on freebox: -mount -t nfs -o -r=1024 fastws:/sharedfs /project - -Examples for the FreeBSD system as the server: - in /etc/fstab on fastws: -freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-w=1024 0 0 - as a manual mount command on fastws: -mount -t nfs -o -w=1024 freebox:/sharedfs /project - -Nearly any 16-bit Ethernet adapter will allow operation without the above -restrictions on the read or write size. - -For anyone who cares, here is what happens when the failure occurs, which -also explains why it is unrecoverable. NFS typically works with a "block" -size of 8k (though it may do fragments of smaller sizes). Since the maximum -Ethernet packet is around 1500 bytes, the NFS "block" gets split into -multiple Ethernet packets, even though it is still a single unit to the -upper-level code, and must be received, assembled, and ACKNOWLEDGED as a -unit. The high-performance workstations can pump out the packets which -comprise the NFS unit one right after the other, just as close together as -the standard allows. On the smaller, lower capacity cards, the later -packets overrun the earlier packets of the same unit before they can be -transferred to the host and the unit as a whole cannot be reconstructed or -acknowledged. As a result, the workstation will time out and try again, -but it will try again with the entire 8K unit, and the process will be -repeated, ad infinitum. - -By keeping the unit size below the Ethernet packet size limitation, we -ensure that any complete Ethernet packet received can be acknowledged -individually, avoiding the deadlock situation. - -Overruns may still occur when a high-performance workstations is slamming -data out to a PC system, but with the better cards, such overruns are -not guaranteed on NFS "units". When an overrun occurs, the units affected -will be retransmitted, and there will be a fair chance that they will be -received, assembled, and acknowledged. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/nutshell.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/nutshell.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index b763564..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/nutshell.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,151 +0,0 @@ - - - -FreeBSD in a nutshell - -

FreeBSD is a state of the art operating system for - personal computers based on the Intel CPU architecture, which - includes the 386, 486 and Pentium processors (both SX and DX versions). - Intel compatible CPUs from AMD and Cyrix are supported as well. - FreeBSD provides you with many advanced features previously available - only on much more expensive computers. These features include: - - - Preemptive multitasking with dynamic priority - adjustment to ensure smooth and fair sharing of the - computer between applications and users. - Multiuser access means that many people can use a - FreeBSD system simultaneously for a variety of things. System - peripherals such as printers and tape drives are also properly - SHARED BETWEEN ALL users on the system. - Complete TCP/IP networking including SLIP, PPP, NFS - and NIS support. This means that your FreeBSD machine can - inter-operate easily with other systems as well act as an enterprise - server, providing vital functions such as NFS (remote file access) and - e-mail services or putting your organization on the Internet - with WWW, ftp, routing and firewall (security) services. - Memory protection ensures that applications (or - users) cannot interfere with each other. One application - crashing will not affect others in any way. - FreeBSD is a 32-bit operating system and was designed - as such from the ground up. - The industry standard X Window System (X11R6) - provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for the cost of a - common VGA card and monitor and comes with full sources. - Binary compatibility with many programs built for SCO, - BSDI, NetBSD, Linux and 386BSD. - Hundreds of ready-to-run applications are - available from the - FreeBSD ports and packages - collection. Why search the net when you can find it all - right here? - Thousands of additional and easy-to-port applications - available on the Internet. FreeBSD is source code compatible - with most popular commercial Unix systems and thus most - applications require few, if any, changes to compile. - Demand paged virtual memory and `merged VM/buffer cache' - design efficiently satisfies applications with large appetites - for memory while still maintaining interactive response to other - users. - Shared libraries (the Unix equivalent of - MS-Windows DLLs) provide for efficient use of disk space - and memory. - A full compliment of C, C++ and - Fortran development tools. Many additional - languages for advanced research and development are - also available in the ports and packages collection. - Source code for the entire system means you have - the greatest degree of control over your environment. Why be - locked into a proprietary solution and at the mercy of your vendor - when you can have a truly Open System? - Extensive on-line documentation. - And many more! - - - FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite release from Computer - Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of - California at Berkeley, and carries on the distinguished - tradition of BSD systems development. In addition to the - fine work provided by CSRG, the FreeBSD Project has put in - many thousands of hours in fine tuning the system for - maximum performance and reliability in real-life load - situations. As many of the commercial giants struggle to - field PC operating systems with such features, performance - and reliability, FreeBSD can offer them now! - - The applications to which FreeBSD can be put are truly - limited only by your own imagination. From software - development to factory automation, inventory control to - azimuth correction of remote satellite antennae; if it can - be done with a commercial UNIX product then it is more than - likely that you can do it with FreeBSD, too! FreeBSD also - benefits significantly from the literally thousands of high - quality applications developed by research centers and - universities around the world, often available at little - to no cost. Commercial applications are also available - and appearing in greater numbers every day. - - Because the source code for FreeBSD itself is generally - available, the system can also be customized to an almost - unheard of degree for special applications or projects, and - in ways not generally possible with operating systems from - most major commercial vendors. Here is just a sampling of - some of the applications in which people are currently - using FreeBSD: - - - Internet Services: The robust TCP/IP networking - built into FreeBSD makes it an ideal platform for a - variety of Internet services such as: - - FTP servers - World Wide Web servers - Gopher servers - Electronic Mail servers - USENET News - Bulletin Board Systems - And more... - - You can easily start out small with an inexpensive 386 - class PC and upgrade as your enterprise grows. - Education: Are you a student of computer science - or a related engineering field? There is no better way - of learning about operating systems, computer - architecture and networking than the hands on, under the - hood experience that FreeBSD can provide. A number of - freely available CAD, mathematical and graphic design - packages also make it highly useful to those who's - primary interest in a computer is to get other - work done! - Research: With source code for the entire system - available, FreeBSD is an excellent platform for research - in operating systems as well as other branches of - computer science. FreeBSD's freely available nature also - makes it possible for remote groups to collaborate on - ideas or shared development without having to worry about - special licensing agreements or limitations on what - may be discussed in open forums. - Networking: Need a new router? A name server - (DNS)? A firewall to keep people out of your internal - network? FreeBSD can easily turn that unused 386 or 486 PC - sitting in the corner into an advanced router with - sophisticated packet filtering capabilities. - X Window workstation: FreeBSD is a fine - choice for an inexpensive X terminal solution, either - using the freely available XFree86 server or one - of the excellent commercial servers provided by X Inside. - Unlike an X - terminal, FreeBSD allows many applications to be run - locally, if desired, thus relieving the burden on a - central server. FreeBSD can even boot - "diskless", making individual workstations even cheaper - and easier to administer. - Software Development: The basic FreeBSD system - comes with a full compliment of development tools - including the renowned GNU C/C++ compiler and - debugger. - - -FreeBSD is available in both source and binary form on CDROM and -via anonymous ftp. See -for more details. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/pgpkeys.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/pgpkeys.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 4e5bf79..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/pgpkeys.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,364 +0,0 @@ - - - -PGP keys -

In case you need to verify a signature or send encrypted - email to one of the officers or core team members a - number of keys are provided here for your convenience. - Officers - -FreeBSD Security Officer <security-officer@freebsd.org> -

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Contributed by &a.phk;. - -This chapter documents various guidelines and policies in force -for the FreeBSD source tree. - -MAINTAINER on Makefiles - - -

June 1996. - -

If a particular portion of the FreeBSD distribution is being maintained by a -person or group of persons, they can communicate this fact to the -world by adding a - - - MAINTAINER= email-addresses - - -

line to the makefiles covering this portion of the source tree. - -

The semantics of this are as follows: - -

The maintainer owns and is responsible for that code. This means -that he is responsible for fixing bugs and answer problem reports -pertaining to that piece of the code, and in the case of contributed -software, for tracking new versions, as appropriate. - -

Changes to directories which have a maintainer defined shall be -sent to the -maintainer for review before being committed. Only if the maintainer does not respond -for an unacceptable period of time, to several emails, will it be -acceptable to commit changes without review by the maintainer. -However, it is suggested that you try and have the changes reviewed -by someone else if at all possible. - -

It is of course not acceptable to add a person or group as maintainer -unless they agree to assume this duty. On the other hand it doesn't -have to be a committer and it can easily be a group of people. - -Contributed software - -

June 1996. - -

Some parts of the FreeBSD distribution consist of software that -is actively being maintained outside the FreeBSD project. For -historical reasons, we call this contributed software. Some -examples are perl, gcc and patch. - -

Over the last couple of years, various methods have been used in -dealing with this type of software and all have some number of -advantages and drawbacks. No clear winner has emerged. - -

Since this is the case, after some debate one of these methods has -been selected as the "official" method and will be required for -future imports of software of this kind. Furthermore, it is strongly -suggested that existing contributed software converge on this model -over time, as it has significant advantages over the old method, -including the ability to easily obtain diffs relative to the -"official" versions of the source by everyone (even without cvs -access). This will make it significantly easier to return changes -to the primary developers of the contributed software. - -

Ultimately, however, it comes down to the people actually doing -the work. If using this model is particularly unsuited to the -package being dealt with, exceptions to these rules may be granted -only with the approval of the core team and with the general -consensus of the other developers. The ability to maintain the -package in the future will be a key issue in the decisions. - -

The Tcl embedded programming language will be used as example -of how this model works: - -

src/contrib/tcl contains the source as distributed by the maintainers -of this package. Parts that are entirely not applicable for FreeBSD -can be removed. In the case of Tcl, the "mac", "win" and "compat" -subdirectories were eliminated before the import - -

src/lib/libtcl contains only a "bmake style" Makefile that uses -the standard bsd.lib.mk makefile rules to produce the library and -install the documentation. - -

src/usr.bin/tclsh contains only a bmake style Makefile which will -produce and install the "tclsh" program and its associated man-pages -using the standard bsd.prog.mk rules. - -

src/tools/tools/tcl_bmake contains a couple of shell-scripts that can be of help -when the tcl software needs updated, these are not part of the -build or installed software. - -

The important thing here is that the "src/contrib/tcl" directory -is created according to the rules: It is supposed to contain the -sources as distributed (on a proper CVS vendor-branch) with as few -FreeBSD-specific changes as possible. The 'easy-import' tool on -freefall will assist in doing the import, but if there are any -doubts on how to go about it, it is imperative that you ask first -and not blunder ahead and hope it "works out". CVS is not forgiving -of import accidents and a fair amount of effort is required to back -out major mistakes. - -

Because of some unfortunate design limitations with CVS's vendor -branches, it is required that "official" patches from the vendor -be applied to the original distributed sources and the result -re-imported onto the vendor branch again. Official patches should -never be patched into the FreeBSD checked out version and -"committed", as this destroys the vendor branch coherency and makes -importing future versions rather difficult as there will be conflicts. - -

Since many packages contain files that are meant for compatibility -with other architectures and environments that FreeBSD, it is -permissible to remove parts of the distribution tree that are of no interest -to FreeBSD in order to save space. Files containing copyright -notices and release-note kind of information applicable to the -remaining files shall not be removed. - -

If it seems easier, the "bmake" makefiles can be produced from the -dist tree automatically by some utility, something which would -hopefully make it even easier to upgrade to a new version. If this -is done, be sure to check in such utilities (as necessary) in the -src/tools directory along with the port itself so that it is available -to future maintainers. - -

In the src/contrib/tcl level directory, a file called FREEBSD-upgrade -should be added and it should states things like: - - - Which files have been left out - Where the original distribution was obtained from and/or the official - master site. - Where to send patches back to the original authors - Perhaps an overview of the FreeBSD-specific changes that have been made. - - -

However, please do not import FREEBSD-upgrade with the contributed source. -Rather you should ``cvs add FREEBSD-upgrade ; cvs ci'' after the -initial import. Example wording from ``src/contrib/cpio'' is below: - -This directory contains virgin sources of the original distribution files -on a "vendor" branch. Do not, under any circumstances, attempt to upgrade -the files in this directory via patches and a cvs commit. New versions or -official-patch versions must be imported. - -For the import of GNU cpio 2.4.2, the following files were removed: - - INSTALL cpio.info mkdir.c - Makefile.in cpio.texi mkinstalldirs - -To upgrade to a newer version of cpio, when it is available: - 1. Unpack the new version into an empty directory. - [Do not make ANY changes to the files.] - - 2. Remove the files listed above and any others that don't apply to - FreeBSD. - - 3. Use the command: - cvs import -m 'Virgin import of GNU cpio v' \ - src/contrib/cpio GNU v - - For example, to do the import of version 2.4.2, I typed: - cvs import -m 'Virgin import of GNU v2.4.2' \ - src/contrib/cpio GNU v2.4.2 - - 4. Follow the instructions printed out in step 3 to resolve any - conflicts between local FreeBSD changes and the newer version. - -Do not, under any circumstances, deviate from this procedure. - -To make local changes to cpio, simply patch and commit to the main -branch (aka HEAD). Never make local changes on the GNU branch. - -All local changes should be submitted to "cpio@gnu.ai.mit.edu" for -inclusion in the next vendor release. - -obrien@freebsd.org - 30 March 1997 - - -Shared libraries - - -

Contributed by &a.asami;, &a.peter;, and &a.obrien;. - 9 December 1996.

- -

If you are adding shared library support to a port or other piece - of software that doesn't have one, the version numbers should - follow these rules. Generally, the resulting numbers will have - nothing to do with the release version of the software. - -

The three principles of shared library building are: - - - Start from 1.0 - If there is a change that is backwards compatible, bump - minor number - If there is an incompatible change, bump major number - - -

For instance, added functions and bugfixes result in the minor - version number being bumped, while deleted functions, changed - function call syntax etc. will force the major version number - to change. - -

Stick to version numbers of the form major.minor (x.y). Our dynamic - linker does not handle version numbers of the form x.y.z well. Any - version number after the ``y'' (ie. the third digit) is totally ignored - when comparing shared lib version numbers to decide which library to - link with. Given two shared libraries that differ only in the `micro' - revision, ld.so will link with the higher one. Ie: if you link with - libfoo.so.3.3.3, the linker only records 3.3 in the headers, and will - link with anything starting with libfoo.so.3.(anything >= 3).(highest - available). -

Note that ld.so will always use the highest "minor" revision. - Ie: it will use libc.so.2.2 in preference to libc.so.2.0, even if the - program was initially linked with libc.so.2.0. - -

For non-port libraries, it is also our policy to change the - shared library version number only once between releases. When - you make a change to a system library that requires the version - number to be bumped, check the Makefile's commit logs. It is the - responsibility of the committer to ensure that the first such - change since the release will result in the shared library version - number in the Makefile to be updated, and any subsequent changes - will not. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/porting.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/porting.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index de29944..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/porting.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1422 +0,0 @@ - - - -Porting an existing piece of free software - -

Contributed by &a.jkh;, &a.gpalmer; and - &a.asami;.28 August 1996. -

Contributed by &a.jkh;, &a.gpalmer;, &a.asami; and - &a.obrien;.28 August 1996. - -

The porting of freely available software, while perhaps not as -gratifying as developing your own from scratch, is still a vital part -of FreeBSD's growth and of great usefulness to those who would not -otherwise know where to turn for it. All ported software is organized -into a carefully organized hierarchy know as ``the ports collection''. -The collection enables a new user to get a quick and complete overview -of what is available for FreeBSD in an easy-to-compile form. It also -saves considerable space by not actually containing the majority -of the sources being ported, but merely those differences required for -running under FreeBSD. - -

What follows are some guidelines for creating a new port for -FreeBSD 3.x. The bulk of the work is done by -/usr/share/mk/bsd.port.mk, which all port Makefiles include. -Please refer to that file for more details on the inner workings of -the ports collection. Even if you don't hack Makefiles daily, it is -well commented, and you will still gain much knowledge from it. - - - Before Starting the Port - -

Note: Only a fraction of the overridable variables - (${..}) are mentioned in this document. Most - (if not all) are documented at the start of - bsd.port.mk. This file uses a non-standard tab - setting. Emacs and Vim should recognize the setting - on loading the file. vi or ex can be set to - using the correct value by typing `:set tabstop=4' - once the file has been loaded. - -

You may come across code that needs modifications or - conditional compilation based upon what version of UNIX it is - running under. If you need to make such changes to the code - for conditional compilation, make sure you make the changes as - general as possible so that we can back-port code to FreeBSD - 1.x systems and cross-port to other BSD systems such as 4.4BSD - from CSRG, BSD/386, 386BSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. - -

The preferred way to tell 4.3BSD/Reno (1990) and newer versions of - the BSD code apart is by using the `BSD' macro - defined in <sys/param.h>. Hopefully that file - is already included; if not, add the code: - - -#ifdef (defined(__unix__) || defined(unix)) && !defined(USG) -#include -#endif - - -

to the proper place in the .c file. We believe that every - system that defines these to symbols has sys/param.h. If you find - a system that doesn't, we would like to know. Please send mail to - . - -

Another way is to use the GNU Autoconf style of doing this: - - -#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H -#include -#endif - - - Don't forget to add -DHAVE_SYS_PARAM_H to the CFLAGS - in the Makefile for this method. - - Once you have <sys/param.h> included, you may use: - - -#if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103)) - - - to detect if the code is being compiled on a 4.3 Net2 code - base or newer (e.g. FreeBSD 1.x, 4.3/Reno, NetBSD 0.9, 386BSD, - BSD/386 1.1 and below). - - Use: - - -#if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199306)) - - - to detect if the code is being compiled on a 4.4 code base or - newer (e.g. FreeBSD 2.x, 4.4, NetBSD 1.0, BSD/386 2.0 or - above). - - The value of the BSD macro is 199506 for the 4.4BSD-Lite2 code - base. This is stated for informational purposes only. It should - not be used to distinguish between version of FreeBSD based only - on 4.4-Lite vs. versions that have merged in changes from 4.4-Lite2. - The __FreeBSD__ macro should be used instead. - -

Use sparingly: - - - __FreeBSD__ is defined in all versions of - FreeBSD. Use it if the change you are making ONLY affects - FreeBSD. Porting gotchas like the use of - sys_errlist[] vs strerror() are - Berkeleyisms, not FreeBSD changes. - - In FreeBSD 2.x, __FreeBSD__ is defined to be - 2. In earlier versions, it is 1. Later - versions will bump it to match their major version number. - - If you need to tell the difference between a FreeBSD 1.x - system and a FreeBSD 2.x or 3.x system, usually the right answer is - to use the BSD macros described above. If there - actually is a FreeBSD specific change (such as special - shared library options when using `ld') then it is - OK to use __FreeBSD__ and `#if __FreeBSD__ > - 1' to detect a FreeBSD 2.x and later system. - - If you need more granularity in detecting FreeBSD systems since - 2.0-RELEASE you can use the following: - - -#if __FreeBSD__ >= 2 -#include -# if __FreeBSD_version >= 199504 - /* 2.0.5+ release specific code here */ -# endif -#endif - -__FreeBSD_version values: - -2.0-RELEASE: 199411 -2.1-current's: 199501, 199503 -2.0.5-RELEASE: 199504 -2.2-current before 2.1: 199508 -2.1.0-RELEASE: 199511 -2.2-current before 2.1.5: 199512 -2.1.5-RELEASE: 199607 -2.2-current before 2.1.6: 199608 -2.1.6-RELEASE: 199612 -2.1.7-RELEASE: 199612 -2.2-RELEASE: 220000 -2.2.1-RELEASE: 220000 (yes, no change) -2.2-STABLE after 2.2.1-RELEASE: 220000 (yes, still no change) -2.2-STABLE after texinfo-3.9: 221001 -2.2-STABLE after top: 221002 -2.2.2-RELEASE: 222000 -3.0-current as of May 1997: 300000 - - The pattern used to be year followed by the month, but we - decided to change it to a more straightforward major/minor - system starting from 2.2. This is because the parallel - development on several branches made it infeasible to - classify the releases simply by their real release dates. - (Note that if you are making a port now, you don't have to - worry about old -current's; they are listed here just for - your reference.) - - - -

In the hundreds of ports that have been done, there have - only been one or two cases where __FreeBSD__ - should have been used. Just because an earlier port - screwed up and used it in the wrong place does not mean - you should do so too. - - - Quick Porting - -

This section tells you how to do a quick port. In many - cases, it is not enough, but we will see. - -

First, get the original tarball and put it into - ${DISTDIR}, which defaults to - /usr/ports/distfiles. - -

Note: The following assumes that the software compiled - out-of-the-box, i.e., there was absolutely no change required - for the port to work on your FreeBSD box. If you needed to - change something, you will have to refer to the next section - too. - - - Writing the Makefile - -

The minimal Makefile would look something like this: - - - # New ports collection makefile for: oneko - # Version required: 1.1b - # Date created: 5 December 1994 - # Whom: asami - # - # $Id$ - # - - DISTNAME= oneko-1.1b - CATEGORIES= games - MASTER_SITES= ftp://ftp.cs.columbia.edu/archives/X11R5/contrib/ - - MAINTAINER= asami@FreeBSD.ORG - - USE_IMAKE= yes - - .include - - -

See if you can figure it out. Do not worry about the contents - of the $Id$ line, it will be filled in - automatically by CVS when the port is imported to our main - ports tree. You can find a more detailed example in the section. - - - Writing the description files - -

There are three required description files that are - required for any port, whether they actually package or not. - They are COMMENT, DESCR, and - PLIST, and reside in the pkg subdirectory. - - - COMMENT - -

This is the one-line description of the port. PLEASE - do not include the package name (or version number of the - software) in the comment. - Here is an example: - -A cat chasing a mouse all over the screen. - - - - DESCR - -

This is a longer description of the port. One to a few - paragraphs concisely explaining what the port does is - sufficient. Note: This is not a manual nor an - in-depth description on how to use or compile the port. - In particular, please do not just copy the README - file here, unless, of course, it is a concise description - of the port. - -

It is recommended that you sign the name at the end of - this file, as in: - - -This is a port of oneko, in which a cat chases a poor mouse all over -the screen. - : -(etc.) - -- Satoshi -asami@cs.berkeley.edu - - - - PLIST - -

This file lists all the files installed by the port. It - is also called the `packing list' because the package is - generated by packing the files listed here. The pathnames - are relative to the installation prefix (usually - /usr/local or /usr/X11R6) Also it is assumed - the manpages will be compressed. - -

Here is a small example: - - -bin/oneko -man/man1/oneko.1.gz -lib/X11/app-defaults/Oneko -lib/X11/oneko/cat1.xpm -lib/X11/oneko/cat2.xpm -lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm - - -

Refer to the pkg_create(1) man page for details - on the packing list. - - - Creating the checksum file - -

Just type `make makesum'. The ports make rules - will automatically generate the file files/md5. - - - Testing the port - -

You should make sure that the port rules do exactly what - you want it to do, including packaging up the port. Try - doing `make install', `make package' and - then `pkg_delete -d <pkgname>' and see if all - the files are correctly deleted. Then do a `pkg_add - <pkgname>.tgz' and see if everything re-appears - and works correctly. - - - Submitting the port - -

Now that you are happy with your port, the only thing - remaining is to put it in the main FreeBSD ports tree and - make everybody else happy about it too. To accomplish this, - pack the necessary files (everything described in this - section -- in particular do not include the - original source tarball, the `work' subdirectory or - the package) into a .tar.gz file, stick it in the - directory - -ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/incoming/ - - and send mail to us using send-pr(1) (please - classify it as category `ports' and class `change-request'). - We will take a look, get back to you if necessary, and put - it in the tree. Your name will also appear in the list of - `Additional FreeBSD contributors' on the FreeBSD Handbook - and other files. Isn't that great?!? :) - - - Slow Porting - -

Ok, so it was not that simple, and the port required some - modifications to get it to work. In this section, we will - explain, step by step, how to modify it to get it to work with - the ports paradigm. - - - How things work - -

First, this is the sequence of events which occurs when the - user first types `make' in your port's directory, - and you may find that having bsd.port.mk in another - window while you read this really helps to understand it. - -

But do not worry if you do not really understand what - bsd.port.mk is doing, not many people - do... :> - - - The fetch target is run. The fetch target is - responsible for making sure that the tarball exists - locally in ${DISTDIR}. If fetch cannot - find the required files in ${DISTDIR} it - will look up the URL ${MASTER_SITES}, - which is set in the Makefile, as well as our main ftp - site at - where we put sanctioned distfiles as backup. It will then - attempt to - fetch the named distribution file with - ${FETCH}, assuming that the requesting - site has direct access to the Internet. If that succeeds, - it will save the file in ${DISTDIR} for - future use and proceed. - - The extract target is run. It looks for your ports' - distribution file in ${DISTDIR} (typically - a gzip'd tarball) and unpacks it into a temporary - subdirectory specified by ${WRKDIR} - (defaults to work). - - The patch target is run. First, any patches defined - in ${PATCHFILES} are applied. Second, if - any patches are found in ${PATCHDIR} - (defaults to the patches subdirectory), they are - applied at this time in alphabetical order. - - The configure target is run. This can do any one of - many different things. - - - - If it exists, scripts/configure is run. - - If ${HAS_CONFIGURE} or - ${GNU_CONFIGURE} is set, - ${WRKSRC}/configure is run. - - If ${USE_IMAKE} is set, - ${XMKMF} (default: `xmkmf - -a') is run. - - - - The build target is run. This is responsible for - descending into the ports' private working directory - (${WRKSRC}) and building it. If - ${USE_GMAKE} is set, GNU make - will be used, otherwise the system make will be - used. - - - -

The above are the default actions. In addition, you can - define targets `pre-<something>' or - `post-<something>', or put scripts with those - names, in the scripts subdirectory, and they will - be run before or after the default actions are done. - -

For example, if you have a post-extract target - defined in your Makefile, and a file pre-build in - the scripts subdirectory, the - post-extract target will be called after the - regular extraction actions, and the pre-build - script will be executed before the default build rules are - done. It is recommended that you use Makefile targets if - the actions are simple enough, because it will be easier for - someone to figure out what kind of non-default action the - port requires. - -

The default actions are done by the bsd.port.mk - targets `do-<something>'. For example, the - commands to extract a port are in the target - `do-extract'. If you are not happy with the - default target, you can fix it by redefining the - `do-<something>' target in your Makefile. - -

Note that the `main' targets (e.g., extract, - configure, etc.) do nothing more than make sure all - the stages up to that one is completed and call the real - targets or scripts, and they are not intended to be - changed. If you want to fix the extraction, fix - do-extract, but never ever touch extract! - -

Now that you understand what goes on when the user types - `make', let us go through the recommended steps to - create the perfect port. - - - Getting the original sources - -

Get the original sources (normally) as a compressed tarball - (<foo>.tar.gz or <foo>.tar.Z) - and copy it into ${DISTDIR}. Always use - mainstream sources when and where you can. - -

If you cannot find a ftp/http site that is well-connected - to the net, or can only find sites that have irritatingly - non-standard formats, we can `house' it ourselves by putting - it on - -ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/LOCAL_PORTS/ - - as the last resort. Please refer to this localation as - ${MASTER_SITE_LOCAL}. Send mail to the &a.ports - if you are not sure what to do. - -

If your port requires some additional `patches' that are - available on the Internet, fetch them too and put them in - ${DISTDIR}. Do not worry if they come from - site other than where you got the main source tarball, - we have a way to handle these situations (see the - description of below). - - - Modifying the port - -

Unpack a copy of the tarball in a private directory and - make whatever changes are necessary to get the port to - compile properly under the current version of FreeBSD. Keep - careful track of everything you do, as you will be - automating the process shortly. Everything, including the - deletion, addition or modification of files should be doable - using an automated script or patch file when your port is - finished. - -

If your port requires significant user - interaction/customization to compile or install, you should - take a look at one of Larry Wall's classic Configure scripts - and perhaps do something similar yourself. The goal of the - new ports collection is to make each port as `plug-and-play' - as possible for the end-user while using a minimum of disk - space. - -

Note: Unless explicitly stated, patch files, scripts, and - other files you have created and contributed to the FreeBSD - ports collection are assumed to be covered by the standard - BSD copyright conditions. - - - Patching - -

In the preparation of the port, files that have been added - or changed can be picked up with a recursive diff for later - feeding to patch. Each set of patches you wish to apply - should be collected into a file named - `patch-<xx>' where <xx> - denotes the sequence in which the patches will be applied -- - these are done in alphabetical order, thus - `aa' first, `ab' second and so on. These - files should be stored in ${PATCHDIR}, from - where they will be automatically applied. All patches - should be relative to ${WRKSRC} (generally - the directory your port's tarball unpacks itself into, that - being where the make is done). To make fixes and upgrades - easier you should avoid having more than one patch fix the - same file (e.g., patch-aa and patch-ab both changing - ${WRKSRC}/foobar.c). - - - Configuring - -

Include any additional customization commands to your - configure script and save it in the - `scripts' subdirectory. As mentioned above, you - can also do this as Makefile targets and/or scripts with the - name pre-configure or post-configure. - - - Handling user input - -

If your port requires user input to build, configure or - install, then set IS_INTERACTIVE in your Makefile. - This will allow `overnight builds' to skip your port if the - user sets the variable BATCH in his environment - (and if the user sets the variable INTERACTIVE, - then only those ports requiring interaction are - built). - - - Configuring the Makefile - -

Configuring the Makefile is pretty simple, and again we - suggest that you look at existing examples before starting. - Also, there is a in this handbook, so take a look and please follow - the ordering of variables and sections in that template to - make your port easier for others to read. - -

Now, consider the following problems in sequence as you - design your new Makefile: - - - The original source - -

Does it live in ${DISTDIR} as a standard - gzip'd tarball? If so, you can go on to the next step. If - not, you should look at overriding any of the - ${EXTRACT_CMD}, - ${EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS}, - ${EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS}, - ${EXTRACT_SUFX}, or - ${DISTFILES} variables, depending on how - alien a format your port's distribution file is. (The most - common case is `EXTRACT_SUFX=.tar.Z', when the - tarball is condensed by regular compress, not gzip.) - -

In the worst case, you can simply create your own - `do-extract' target to override the default, though - this should be rarely, if ever, necessary. - - - DISTNAME - -

You should set ${DISTNAME} to be the base - name of your port. The default rules expect the - distribution file list (${DISTFILES}) to be - named - ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX} - by default which, if it is a normal tarball, is going to be - something like: - -foozolix-1.0.tar.gz - - for a setting of `DISTNAME=foozolix-1.0'. - - The default rules also expect the tarball(s) to extract into - a subdirectory called work/${DISTNAME}, e.g. - -work/foozolix-1.0/ - - - All this behavior can be overridden, of course, it simply - represents the most common time-saving defaults. For a port - requiring multiple distribution files, simply set - ${DISTFILES} explicitly. If only a subset - of ${DISTFILES} are actual extractable - archives, then set them up in - ${EXTRACT_ONLY}, which will override the - ${DISTFILES} list when it comes to - extraction, and the rest will be just left in - ${DISTDIR} for later use. - - - CATEGORIES - -

When a package is created, it is put under - /usr/ports/packages/All and links are made from one - or more subdirectories of /usr/ports/packages. The - names of these subdirectories are specified by the variable - ${CATEGORIES}. It is intended to make life - easier for the user when he is wading through the pile of - packages on the ftp site or the CD-ROM. Please take a look - at the existing categories (you can find them in ) and pick the ones that are suitable for your port. - If your port truly belongs to something that is different - from all the existing ones, you can even create a new - category name. - - - MASTER_SITES - -

Record the directory part of the ftp/http-URL pointing at - the original tarball in ${MASTER_SITES}. - Do not forget the trailing slash (/)! - -

The make macros will try to use this specification for - grabbing the distribution file with ${FETCH} - if they cannot find it already on the system. - -

It is recommended that you put multiple sites on this list, - preferably from different continents. This will safeguard - against wide-area network problems, and we are even planning - to add support for automatically determining the closest - master site and fetching from there! - -

If the original tarball is part of one of the following - popular archives: X-contrib, GNU, Perl CPAN, TeX CTAN, or - Linux Sunsite, you refer to those sites in an easy compact - form using MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB, MASTER_SITE_GNU, - MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN, MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN, and - MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE. Simply set MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR to the path - with in the archive. Here is an example: - -MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB} -MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR= applications - -

The user can also set the MASTER_SITE_* variables in - /etc/make.conf to override our choices, and use their - favorite mirrors of these popular archives instead. - - - PATCHFILES - -

If your port requires some additional patches that are - available by ftp or http, set ${PATCHFILES} - to the names of the files and ${PATCH_SITES} - to the URL of the directory that contains them (the format - is the same as ${MASTER_SITES}). - -

If the patch is not relative to the top of the source tree - (i.e., ${WKRSRC}) because it contains some - extra pathnames, set ${PATCH_DIST_STRIP} - accordingly. For instance, if all the pathnames in the - patch has an extra `foozolix-1.0/' in front of the - filenames, then set `PATCH_DIST_STRIP=-p1'. - -

Do not worry if the patches are compressed, they will be - decompressed automatically if the filenames end with - `.gz' or `.Z'. - -

If the patch is distributed with some other files, such as - documentation, in a gzip'd tarball, you can't just use - ${PATCHFILES}. If that is the case, add the - name and the location of the patch tarball to - ${DISTFILES} and - ${MASTER_SITES}. Then, from the - pre-patch target, apply the patch either by running - the patch command from there, or copying the patch file into - the ${PATCHDIR} directory and calling it - patch-<xx>. (Note the tarball will have been - extracted alongside the regular source by then, so there is - no need to explicitly extract it if it is a regular gzip'd - or compress'd tarball.) If you do the latter, take extra - care not to overwrite something that already exists in that - directory. Also do not forget to add a command to remove - the copied patch in the pre-clean target. - - - MAINTAINER - -

Set your mail-address here. Please. :) - -

For detailed description of the responsibility of maintainers, - refer to section. - - - Dependencies - -

Many ports depend on other ports. There are five - variables that you can use to ensure that all the required - bits will be on the user's machine. - - - LIB_DEPENDS - -

This variable specifies the shared libraries this port - depends on. It is a list of `lib:dir' pairs - where lib is the name of the shared library, and - dir is the directory in which to find it in case - it is not available. For example, - -LIB_DEPENDS= jpeg\\.6\\.:${PORTSDIR}/graphics/jpeg - - will check for a shared jpeg library with major version 6, - and descend into the graphics/jpeg subdirectory - of your ports tree to build and install it if it is not - found. - - Note that the lib part is just an argument given - to `ldconfig -r | grep', so periods should be - escaped by two backslashes like in the example above. - - The dependency is checked from within the extract - target. Also, the name of the dependency is put in to the - package so that pkg_add will automatically - install it if it is not on the user's system. - - - RUN_DEPENDS - -

This variable specifies executables or files this port - depends on during run-time. It is a list of - `path:dir' pairs where path is the name - of the executable or file, and dir is the - directory in which to find it in case it is not - available. If path starts with a slash - (/), it is treated as a file and its existence is - tested with `test -e'; otherwise, it is assumed - to be an executable, and `which -s' is used to - determine if the program exists in the user's search path. - -

For example, - -RUN_DEPENDS= ${PREFIX}/etc/innd:${PORTSDIR}/news/inn \ - wish:${PORTSDIR}/x11/tk - - will check if the file `/usr/local/etc/innd' - exists, and build and install it from the - news/inn subdirectory of the ports tree if it is - not found. It will also see if an executable called - `wish' is in your search path, and descend into - the x11/tk subdirectory of your ports tree to - build and install it if it is not found. (Note that in - this case, `innd' is actually an executable; if - an executable is in a place that is not expected to be in - a normal user's search path, you should use the full - pathname.) - - The dependency is checked from within the install - target. Also, the name of the dependency is put in to the - package so that pkg_add will automatically - install it if it is not on the user's system. - - - BUILD_DEPENDS - -

This variable specifies executables or files this port - requires to build. Like RUN_DEPENDS, it is a - list of `path:dir' pairs. For example, - -BUILD_DEPENDS= unzip:${PORTSDIR}/archivers/unzip - - will check for an executable called `unzip', and - descend into the archivers/unzip subdirectory of - your ports tree to build and install it if it is not found. - - Note that `build' here means everything from extracting to - compilation. The dependency is checked from within the - extract target. - - - FETCH_DEPENDS - -

This variable specifies executables or files this port - requires to fetch. Like the previous two, it is a list of - `path:dir' pairs. For example, - -FETCH_DEPENDS= ncftp2:${PORTSDIR}/net/ncftp2 - - will check for an executable called `ncftp2', and - descend into the net/ncftp2 subdirectory of - your ports tree to build and install it if it is not found. - - The dependency is checked from within the fetch - target. - - - DEPENDS - -

If there is a dependency that does not fall into either of - the above four categories, or your port requires to have - the source of the other port extracted (i.e., having them - installed is not enough), then use this variable. This is - just a list of directories, as there is nothing to check, - unlike the previous four. - - - Building mechanisms - -

If your package uses GNU make, set - `USE_GMAKE=yes'. If your package uses GNU - configure, set `GNU_CONFIGURE=yes'. If - you want to give some extra arguments to GNU - configure (other than the default - `--prefix=${PREFIX}'), - set those extra arguments in - ${CONFIGURE_ARGS}. - -

If your package is an X application that creates Makefiles - from Imakefiles using imake, then set - `USE_IMAKE=yes'. This will cause the configure - stage to automatically do an xmkmf -a. If the - `-a' flag is a problem for your port, set - `XMKMF=xmkmf'. - -

If your port's source Makefile has something else than - `all' as the main build target, set - ${ALL_TARGET} accordingly. Same goes for - `install' and ${INSTALL_TARGET}. - - - NO_INSTALL_MANPAGES - -

If the port uses imake but does not understand the - `install.man' target, - `NO_INSTALL_MANPAGES=yes' should be set. In - addition, the author of the original port should be - shot. :> - - - Ports that require Motif - -

There are many programs that require a Motif library - (available from several commercial vendors, while there is (at - least) one effort to create a free clone) to compile. Since - it is a popular toolkit and their licenses usually permit - redistribution of statically linked binaries, we have made - special provisions for handling ports that require Motif in a - way that we can easily compile binaries linked either - dynamically or statically. - - - REQUIRES_MOTIF - -

If your port requires Motif, define this variable in the - Makefile. This will prevent people who don't own a copy of - Motif from even attempting to build it. - - - ${MOTIFLIB} - -

This variable will be set by bsd.port.mk to be the - appropriate reference to the Motif library. Please patch - the source to use this wherever the Motif library is - referenced in the Makefile or Imakefile. - -

There are two common cases: - - If the port refers to the Motif library as - `-lXm' in its Makefile or Imakefile, simply - substitute `${MOTIFLIB}' for it. - - If the port uses `XmClientLibs' in its - Imakefile, change it to `${MOTIFLIB} - ${XTOOLLIB} ${XLIB}'. - - -

Note that ${MOTIFLIB} (usually) expands to - `-L/usr/X11R6/lib -lXm' or - `/usr/X11R6/lib/libXm.a', so there is no need to - add `-L' or `-l' in front. - - - Licensing Problems - -

Some software packages have restrictive licenses or are in - violation to the law (PKP's patent on public key crypto, - ITAR (export of crypto software) to name just two of them). - What we can do with them vary a lot, depending on the exact - wordings of the respective licenses. - -

Note that it is your responsibility as a porter to read the - licensing terms of the software and make sure that the FreeBSD - project will not be held accountable of violating them by - redistributing the source or compiled binaries either via ftp - or CD-ROM. If in doubt, please contact the &a.ports;. - -

There are two variables you can set in the Makefile to handle - the situations that arise frequently: - - - If the port has a `do not sell for profit' type of - license, set the variable NO_CDROM. We will make - sure such ports won't go into the CD-ROM come release time. - The distfile and package will still be available via ftp. - - If the resulting package needs to be built uniquely for - each site, or the resulting binary package can't be distributed - due to licensing; set the variable NO_PACKAGE. - We will make sure such packages won't go on the ftp site, nor - into the CD-ROM come release time. The distfile will still be - included on both however. - - If the port has legal restrictions on who can use it - (e.g., crypto stuff) or has a `no commercial use' license, - set the variable RESTRICTED to be the string - describing the reason why. For such ports, the - distfiles/packages will not be available even from our ftp - sites. - - -

Note: The GNU General Public License (GPL), both version 1 - and 2, should not be a problem for ports. - -

Note: If you are a committer, make sure you update the - ports/LEGAL file too. - - - Upgrading - -

When you notice that a port is out of date compared to the - latest version from the original authors, first make sure you - have the latest port. You can find them in the - ports-current directory of the ftp mirror sites. - -

The next step is to send a mail to the maintainer, if one is - listed in the port's Makefile. That person may already be - working on an upgrade, or have a reason to not upgrade the - port right now (because of, for example, stability problems - of the new version). - -

If the maintainer asks you to do the upgrade or there isn't - any such person to begin with, please make the upgrade and - send the recursive diff of the new and old ports directories - to us (i.e., if your modified ports directory is called - `superedit' and the original as in our tree is - `superedit.bak', then send us the result of `diff - -ruN superedit.bak superedit'). Please examine the output - to make sure all the changes make sense. The best way to send - us the diff is by including it to send-pr(1) (category - `ports'). Please - mention any added or deleted files in the message, as they - have to be explicitly specified to CVS when doing a commit. - - - Do's and Dont's - -

Here is a list of common do's and dont's that you encounter - during the porting process. - - - WRKDIR - -

Do not leave anything valuable lying around in the - work subdirectory, `make clean' will - nuke it completely! If you need auxiliary files - that are not scripts or patches, put them in the - ${FILESDIR} subdirectory (files/ by default) - and use the post-extract target to - copy them to the work subdirectory. - - - Package information - -

Do include package information, i.e. COMMENT, DESCR, and PLIST, in - pkg. Note that these files are not used only for - packaging anymore, and are mandatory now, even if - ${NO_PACKAGE} is set. - - - Compress manpages, strip binaries - -

Do compress manpages and strip binaries. If the original - source already strips the binary, fine; otherwise, you can add a - post-install rule to do it yourself. Here is an example: - - post-install: - strip ${PREFIX}/bin/xdl - -

Use the file command on the installed executable - to check whether the binary is stripped or not. If it - does not say `not stripped', it is stripped. - -

To automagically compress the manpages, use the MAN[1-9LN] - variables. They will check the variable - NOMANCOMPRESS that the user can set in - /etc/make.conf to disable man page compression. - Place them last in the section below the - MAINTAINER variable. Here is an example: - -MAN1= foo.1 bar.1 -MAN5= foo.conf.5 -MAN8= baz.8 - -

Note that this is not usually necessary with ports that are X - applications and use Imake to build. - -

If your port anchors its man tree somewhere other than - PREFIX, you can use the MANPREFIX to set it. - Also, if only manpages in certain section go in a - non-standard place, such as many Perl modules ports, you - can set individual man paths using - MANsectPREFIX (where sect is one - of 1-9, L or N). - - - INSTALL_* macros -

Do use the macros provided in bsd.port.mk to - ensure correct modes and ownership of files in your own - *-install targets. They are: - - - ${INSTALL_PROGRAM} is a command to install - binary executables. - ${INSTALL_SCRIPT} is a command to install - executable scripts. - ${INSTALL_DATA} is a command to install - sharable data. - ${INSTALL_MAN} is a command to install - manpages and other documentation (it doesn't compress anything). - - -

These are basically the install command with all - the appropriate flags. See below for an example on how to - use them. - - - INSTALL package script -

If your port needs execute commands when the binary package - is installed with pkg_add you can do with via the pkg/INSTALL - script. This script will automatically be added to the - package, and will be run twice by pkg_add. The first time - will as `INSTALL ${PKGNAME} PRE-INSTALL' - and the second time as `INSTALL ${PKGNAME} POST-INSTALL'. - `$2' can be tested to determine which mode - the script is being run in. - The `PKG_PREFIX' environmental variable will be set to - the package installation directory. See man pkg_add(1) - for additional information. - Note, that this script is not run automatically if you install - the port with `make install'. If you are depending - on it being run, you will have to explicitly call it on your - port's Makefile. - - - REQ package script -

If your needs to determine if it should install or not, you - can create a pkg/REQ ``requirements'' script. It will be invoked - automatically at installation/deinstallation time to determine - whether or not installation/deinstallation should proceed. - See man pkg_create(1) and man pkg_add(1) for - more information. - - - Install additional documentation - -

If your software has some documentation other than the - standard man and info pages that you think is useful for the - user, install it under ${PREFIX}/share/doc. - This can be done, like the previous item, in the - post-install target. - -

Create a new directory for your port. The directory name - should reflect what the port is. This usually means - ${PKGNAME} minus the version part. However, - if you think the user might want different versions of the - port to be installed at the same time, you - can use the whole ${PKGNAME}. - -

Make the installation dependent to the variable - NOPORTDOCS so that users can disable it in - /etc/make.conf, like this: - - post-install: - .if !defined(NOPORTDOCS) - ${MKDIR} ${PREFIX}/share/doc/xv - ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/docs/xvdocs.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/xv - .endif - - -

Do not forget to add them to pkg/PLIST too! (Do not - worry about NOPORTDOCS here; there is currently no - way for the packages to read variables from - /etc/make.conf.) - -

If you need to display a message to the installer, you may - place the message in pkg/MESSAGE. This capibility - is often useful to display additional installation steps to - be taken after a pkg_add, or to display licensing information. - (note: the MESSAGE file does not need to be added to pkg/PLIST). - - - - DIST_SUBDIR - -

Do not let your port clutter /usr/ports/distfiles. If - your port requires a lot of files to be - fetched, or contains a file that has a name that might conflict - with other ports (e.g., `Makefile'), set - ${DIST_SUBDIR} to the name of the port - (${PKGNAME} without the version part should work - fine). This will change ${DISTDIR} from the - default /usr/ports/distfiles to - /usr/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}, and in - effect puts everything that is required for your port into that - subdirectory. - -

It will also look at the subdirectory with the same name on the - backup master site at ftp.freebsd.org. (Setting - ${DISTDIR} explicitly in your Makefile will not - accomplish this, so please use ${DIST_SUBDIR}.) - -

Note this does not affect the ${MASTER_SITES} - you define in your Makefile. - - - Feedback - -

Do send applicable changes/patches to the original - author/maintainer for inclusion in next release of the code. - This will only make your job that much easier for the next - release. - - - RCS strings - -

Do not put RCS strings in patches. CVS will mangle them - when we put the files into the ports tree, and when we check - them out again, they will come out different and the patch - will fail. RCS strings are surrounded by dollar - (`$') signs, and typically start with - `$Id' or `$RCS'. - - - Recursive diff - -

Using the recurse (`-r') option to diff - to generate patches is fine, but please take a look at the - resulting patches to make sure you don't have any - unnecessary junk in there. In particular, diffs between two - backup files, Makefiles when the port uses Imake or GNU - configure, etc., are unnecessary and should be deleted. - Also, if you had to delete a file, then you can do it in the - post-extract target rather than as part of the - patch. Once you are happy with the resuling diff, please - split it up into one source file per patch file. - - - PREFIX - -

Do try to make your port install relative to - ${PREFIX}. (The value of this variable will be - set to ${LOCALBASE} (default - /usr/local), unless ${USE_IMAKE} or - ${USE_X11} is set, in which case it will be - ${X11BASE} (default /usr/X11R6).) - -

Not hard-coding `/usr/local' or `/usr/X11R6' - anywhere in the source will make the port much more flexible and - able to cater to the needs of other sites. For X ports that use - imake, this is automatic; otherwise, this can often be done by - simply replacing the occurrences of `/usr/local' (or - `/usr/X11R6' for X ports that do not use imake) in the - various scripts/Makefiles in the port to read - `${PREFIX}', as this variable is automatically - passed down to every stage of the build and install processes. - -

The variable ${PREFIX} can be reassigned in your - Makefile or in the user's environment. However, it is strongly - discouraged for individual ports to set this variable explicitly - in the Makefiles. (If your port is an X port but does not use - imake, set USE_X11=yes; this is quite different from - setting PREFIX=/usr/X11R6.) - -

Also, refer to programs/files from other ports with the - variables mentioned above, not explicit pathnames. For instance, - if your port requires a macro PAGER to be the full - pathname of less, use the compiler flag: - -DPAGER=\"${PREFIX}/bin/less\" or - -DPAGER=\"${LOCALBASE}/bin/less\" if this is an - X port, instead of -DPAGER=\"/usr/local/bin/less\". - This way it will have a better chance of working if the system - administrator has moved the whole `/usr/local' tree somewhere - else. - - - Subdirectories - -

Try to let the port put things in the right subdirectories - of ${PREFIX}. Some ports lump everything - and put it in the subdirectory with the port's name, which is - incorrect. Also, many ports put everything except binaries, - header files and manual pages in the a subdirectory of - `lib', which does not bode well with the BSD - paradigm. Many of the files should be moved to one of the - following: `etc' (setup/configuration files), - `libexec' (executables started internally), - `sbin' (executables for superusers/managers), - `info' (documentation for info browser) or - `share' (architecture independent files). See man - hier(7) for details, the rule governing - /usr pretty much applies to /usr/local - too. The exception are ports dealing with USENET `news'. - They may use ${PREFIX}/news as a destination - for their files. - - - ldconfig - -

If your port installs a shared library, add a - post-install target to your Makefile that runs - `/sbin/ldconfig -m' on the directory where the new - library is installed (usually ${PREFIX}/lib) - to register it into the shared library cache. - -

Also, add an @exec line to your pkg/PLIST - file so that a user who installed the package can start - using the shared library immediately. This line should - immediately follow the line for the shared library itself, - as in: - -lib/libtcl.so.7.3 -@exec /sbin/ldconfig -m %D/lib - - -

Never, ever, ever add a line that says - `ldconfig' without any arguments to your Makefile - or pkg/PLIST. This will reset the shared library cache to - the contents of /usr/lib only, and will royally - screw up the user's machine ("Help, xinit does not run - anymore after I install this port!"). Anybody who does this - will be shot and cut into 65,536 pieces by a rusty knife and - have his liver chopped out by a bunch of crows and will - eternally rot to death in the deepest bowels of hell (not - necessarily in that order).... - - - If you are stuck.... - -

Do look at existing examples and the bsd.port.mk - file before asking us questions! ;) - -

Do ask us questions if you have any trouble! Do not just - beat your head against a wall! :) - - - A Sample Makefile - -

Here is a sample Makefile that you can use to create a new - port. Make sure you remove all the extra comments (ones - between brackets)! - -

It is recommended that you follow this format (ordering of - variables, empty lines between sections, etc.). Not all of - the existing Makefiles are in this format (mostly old ones), - but we are trying to uniformize how they look. This format is - designed so that the most important information is easy to - locate. - - - [the header...just to make it easier for us to identify the ports] - # New ports collection makefile for: xdvi - # Version required: pl18 [things like "1.5alpha" are fine here too] - # Date created: 26 May 1995 - [this is the person who did the original port to FreeBSD, in particular, the - person who wrote this Makefile] - # Whom: Satoshi Asami - # - # $Id$ - [ ^^^^ This will be automatically replaced with RCS ID string by CVS - when it is committed to our repository.] - # - - [section to describe the port itself and the master site - DISTNAME - is always first, followed by PKGNAME (if necessary), CATEGORIES, - and then MASTER_SITES, which can be followed by MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR. - After those, one of EXTRACT_SUFX or DISTFILES can be specified too.] - DISTNAME= xdvi - PKGNAME= xdvi-pl18 - CATEGORIES= print - [do not forget the trailing slash ("/")! - if you aren't using MASTER_SITE_* macros] - MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB} - MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR= applications - [set this if the source is not in the standard ".tar.gz" form] - EXTRACT_SUFX= .tar.Z - - [section for distributed patches -- can be empty] - PATCH_SITES= ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/X11/japanese/ - PATCHFILES= xdvi-18.patch1.gz xdvi-18.patch2.gz - - [maintainer; *mandatory*! This is the person (preferably with commit - privileges) who a user can contact for questions and bug reports - this - person should be the porter or someone who can forward questions to the - original porter reasonably promptly. If you really do not want to have - your address here, set it to "ports@FreeBSD.ORG".] - MAINTAINER= asami@FreeBSD.ORG - - [dependencies -- can be empty] - RUN_DEPENDS= gs:${PORTSDIR}/print/ghostscript - LIB_DEPENDS= Xpm\\.4\\.:${PORTSDIR}/graphics/xpm - - [this section is for other standard bsd.port.mk variables that do not - belong to any of the above] - [If it asks questions during configure, build, install...] - IS_INTERACTIVE= yes - [If it extracts to a directory other than ${DISTNAME}...] - WRKSRC= ${WRKDIR}/xdvi-new - [If the distributed patches were not made relative to ${WRKSRC}, you - may need to tweak this] - PATCH_DIST_STRIP= -p1 - [If it requires a "configure" script generated by GNU autoconf to be run] - GNU_CONFIGURE= yes - [If it requires GNU make, not /usr/bin/make, to build...] - USE_GMAKE= yes - [If it is an X application and requires "xmkmf -a" to be run...] - USE_IMAKE= yes - [et cetera.] - - [non-standard variables to be used in the rules below] - MY_FAVORITE_RESPONSE= "yeah, right" - - [then the special rules, in the order they are called] - pre-fetch: - i go fetch something, yeah - - post-patch: - i need to do something after patch, great - - pre-install: - and then some more stuff before installing, wow - - [and then the epilogue] - .include - - - - Package Names - -

The following are the conventions you should follow in - naming your packages. This is to have our package directory - easy to scan, as there are already lots and lots of packages - and users are going to turn away if they hurt their eyes! - -

The package name should look like - - -[-][[-]]-; - - - If your ${DISTNAME} doesn't look like that, - set ${PKGNAME} to something in that format. - - - FreeBSD strives to support the native language of its - users. The `<language>' part should be a two letter - abbreviation of the natural language if the port is specific - to a certain language. Examples are `jp' for Japanese, - `ru' for Russian, `vn' for Vietnamese, `cn' for Chinese, - and `kr' for Korean. - - The `<name>' part should be all - lowercases, except for a really large package (with lots of - programs in it). Things like XFree86 (yes there really is a - package of it, check it out) and ImageMagick fall into this - category. Otherwise, convert the name (or at least the - first letter) to lowercase. If the software in question - really is called that way, you can have numbers, hyphens and - underscores in the name too (like `kinput2'). - - If the port can be built with different hardcoded - defaults (usually specified as environment variables or on - the make command line), the - `<compiled.specifics>' part should state the - compiled-in defaults (the hyphen is optional). Examples are - papersize and font units. - - The version string should be a period-separated list of - integers and single lowercase alphabets. The only exception - is the string `pl' (meaning `patchlevel'), which can be used - only when there are no major and minor version - numbers in the software. - - -

Here are some (real) examples on how to convert a - ${DISTNAME} into a suitable - ${PKGNAME}: - - -DISTNAME PKGNAME Reason -mule-2.2.2 mule-2.2.2 no prob at all -XFree86-3.1.2 XFree86-3.1.2 ditto -EmiClock-1.0.2 emiclock-1.0.2 no uppercase names for single programs -gmod1.4 gmod-1.4 need hyphen after `' -xmris.4.02 xmris-4.02 ditto -rdist-1.3alpha rdist-1.3a no strings like `alpha' allowed -es-0.9-beta1 es-0.9b1 ditto -v3.3beta021.src tiff-3.3 what the heck was that anyway? ;) -tvtwm tvtwm-pl11 version string always required -piewm piewm-1.0 ditto -xvgr-2.10pl1 xvgr-2.10.1 `pl' allowed only when no maj/minor numbers -gawk-2.15.6 jp-gawk-2.15.6 Japanese language version -psutils-1.13 psutils-letter-1.13 papersize hardcoded at package build time -pkfonts pkfonts300-1.0 package for 300dpi fonts - - -

If there is absolutely no trace of version information in the - original source and it is unlikely that the original author - will ever release another version, just set the version string - to `1.0' (like the piewm example above). Otherwise, ask the - original author or use the date string (`yy.mm.dd') as the - version. - - - That is It, Folks! - -

Boy, this sure was a long tutorial, wasn't it? Thanks for - following us to here, really. - -

Well, now that you know how to do a port, let us go at it and - convert everything in the world into ports! That is the - easiest way to start contributing to the FreeBSD Project! - :) diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/ports.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/ports.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 09cd781..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/ports.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,847 +0,0 @@ - - - -Installing Applications: The Ports collection - -

Contributed by &a.jraynard;. - -The FreeBSD Ports collection allows you to compile and install a very -wide range of applications with a minimum of effort. - -

For all the hype about open standards, getting a program to work -on different versions of Unix in the real world can be a tedious and -tricky business, as anyone who has tried it will know. You may be lucky -enough to find that the program you want will compile cleanly on your -system, install itself in all the right places and run flawlessly -``out of the box'', but this is unfortunately rather rare. With most -programs, you will find yourself doing a fair bit of head-scratching, -and there are quite a few programs that will result in premature -greying, or even chronic alopecia... - -

Some software distributions have attacked this problem by -providing configuration scripts. Some of these are very clever, but -they have an unfortunate tendency to triumphantly announce that your -system is something you have never heard of and then ask you lots of -questions that sound like a final exam in system-level Unix -programming (``Does your system's gethitlist function return a const -pointer to a fromboz or a pointer to a const fromboz? Do you have -Foonix style unacceptable exception handling? And if not, why not?''). - -

Fortunately, with the Ports collection, all the hard work involved -has already been done, and you can just type 'make install' and get a -working program. - -Why have a Ports Collection? - -

The base FreeBSD system comes with a very wide range of tools and -system utilities, but a lot of popular programs are not in the base -system, for good reasons:- - - -``I can not live without x y and z on my system'' type programs -(eg a certain Lisp-based editor, or the mtools set of programs for -dealing with DOS floppy disks), because it is too subjective (many -people can not stand Emacs and/or never use DOS floppies and seem none -the worse for it). - -Too specialised to put in the base system (CAD, databases). - -Programs which fall into the ``I would not mind having a look at -that when I get a spare minute'' category, rather than system-critical -ones (some languages, perhaps). - -``Wow fab this is way cool'' fun type programs that could not -possibly be supplied with a serious operating system like FreeBSD ;-) - -However many programs you put in the base system, people will -always want more, and a line has to be drawn somewhere (otherwise -FreeBSD distributions would become absolutely enormous). - - -

Obviously it would be unreasonable to expect everyone to port their -favourite programs by hand (not to mention a tremendous amount of -duplicated work), so the FreeBSD Project came up with an ingenious -way of using standard tools that would automate the process. - -

Incidentally, this is an excellent illustration of how ``the Unix way'' -works in practice by combining a set of simple but very flexible tools -into something very powerful. - - How does the Ports collection work? -

-Programs are typically distributed on the Internet as a - consisting of -a Makefile and the source code for the program and usually -some instructions (which are unfortunately not always as instructive -as they could be), with perhaps a configuration script. -

-The standard scenario is that you FTP down the tarball, extract it -somewhere, glance through the instructions, make any changes that seem -necessary, run the configure script to set things up and use the standard -`make' program to compile and install the program from the source. -

-FreeBSD ports still use the tarball mechanism, but use a - to hold the "knowledge" -of how to get the program working on FreeBSD, rather than expecting the -user to be able to work it out. They also supply their own customised -, so that almost every port -can be built in the same way. -

-If you look at a port skeleton (either on or ) and expect to find all sorts of pointy-headed rocket -science lurking there, you may be disappointed by the one or two -rather unexciting-looking files and directories you find there. -(We will discuss in a minute how to go about ). - -

``How on earth can this do anything?'' I hear you cry. ``There -is not even any source code there!'' - -

Fear not, gentle reader, all will become clear (hopefully). Let's -see what happens if we try and install a port. I have chosen `bash', also -known as the Bourne-Again Shell, as that seems fairly typical. - -Note if you are trying this at home, you will need to be root. - - - # cd /usr/ports/shells/bash - # make install - Checksums OK. - ===> Extracting for bash-1.14.5 - ===> Patching for bash-1.14.5 - ===> Applying FreeBSD patches for bash-1.14.5 - ===> Configuring for bash-1.14.5 - ===> Building for bash-1.14.5 - [lots and lots of compiler output here...] - ===> Installing for bash-1.14.5 - make -f bash-Makefile bindir=/usr/local/bin prefix=/usr/local install - (cd ./documentation/; make ) - rm -f builtins.txt - nroff -man builtins.1 > builtins.txt - install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bash /usr/local/bin/bash - install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bashbug /usr/local/bin/bashbug - ( cd ./documentation/ ; make mandir=/usr/local/man/man1 man3dir=/usr/local/man/man3 infodir=/usr/local/info install ) - [ -d /usr/local/man/man1 ] || mkdir /usr/local/man/man1 - [ -d /usr/local/info ] || mkdir /usr/local/info - ../support/install.sh -c -m 644 bash.1 /usr/local/man/man1 - ../support/install.sh -c -m 644 builtins.1 /usr/local/man/man1/bash_builtins.1 - ../support/install.sh -c -m 644 features.info /usr/local/info/bash.info - gzip -9nf /usr/local/man/man1/bash.1 /usr/local/man/man1/bash_builtins.1 - ===> Registering installation for bash-1.14.5 - - -

To avoid confusing the issue, I have slightly pruned the install -output, as well as completely removing the build output. If you tried -this yourself, you may well have got something like this at the start:- - -

The `make' program has noticed that you did not have a local copy -of the source code and tried to FTP it down so it could get the job -done (are you starting to feel impressed? 8-)). I already had the -source handy in my example, so it did not need to fetch it. - -

Let's go through this and see what the `make' program was doing. - - - Locate the source code If it is not available locally, try to grab it from an -FTP site. - - Run a test on the -tarball to make sure it has not been tampered with, accidentally -truncated, struck by neutrinos while in transit, etc. - - Extract the tarball into a temporary work directory. - - Apply any needed to get -the source to compile and run under FreeBSD. - - Run any configuration script required by the build process and -correctly answer any questions it asks. - - (Finally!) Compile the code. - - Install the program executable and other supporting files, man -pages, etc. under the /usr/local hierarchy, where they will not get mixed -up with system programs. This also makes sure that all the ports you -install will go in the same place, instead of being flung all over -your system. - - Register the installation in a database. This means -that, if you do not like the program, you can cleanly all traces of it from your system. - - - -

See if you can match these steps to the make output. And if you -were not impressed before, you should be by now! - -Getting a FreeBSD Port -

-There are two ways of getting hold of the FreeBSD port for a -program. One requires a , the other involves using an - -Compiling ports from CDROM -

-If you answered yes to the question ``Do you want to link the ports -collection to your CDROM'' during the FreeBSD installation, the initial -setting up will already have been done for you. -

-If not, make sure the - # mkdir /usr/ports - # cd /usr/ports - # ln -s /cdrom/ports/distfiles distfiles - - -to enable the ports make mechanism to find the tarballs (it expects to -find them in /usr/ports/distfiles, which is why we sym-linked the -CDROM's tarball directory to there). -

-Now, suppose you want to install the gnats program from the databases -directory. Here is how to do it:- - - - # cd /usr/ports - # mkdir databases - # cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases/gnats databases - # cd databases/gnats - # make install - - -Or if you are a serious database user and you want to compare all the -ones available in the Ports collection, do - - - # cd /usr/ports - # cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases . - # cd databases - # make install - - -(yes, that really is a dot on its own after the cp command and not a -mistake. It is Unix-ese for ``the current directory'') -

-and the ports make mechanism will automatically compile and install -all the ports in the databases directory for you! -

-If you do not like this method, here is a completely different way of -doing it:- -

-Create a "link tree" to it using the lndir(1) command that -comes with the XFree86 distribution. Find a location with -some free space, create a directory there and then cd to it. Then -invoke the lndir(1) command with the full pathname of the ``ports'' -directory on the CDROM as the first argument and . (the current directory) -as the second. This might be, for example, something like: - - lndir /cdrom/ports . - -

Then you can build ports directly off the CDROM by building them in the -link tree you have created. -

-Note that there are some ports for which we cannot provide the original -source in the CDROM due to licensing limitations. In that case, -you will need to look at the section on - -Compiling ports from the Internet -

-If you do not have a CDROM, or you want to make sure you get the very -latest version of the port you want, you will need to download the - for the port. Now this -might sound like rather a fiddly job -full of pitfalls, like downloading the patches into the pkg -sub-directory by mistake, but it is actually very easy. -

-The key to it is that the FreeBSD FTP server can create on-the-fly - for you. Here is how it works, -with the gnats program in the databases directory as an example (the -bits in square brackets are comments, do not type them in if you are -trying this yourself!):- - - - # cd /usr/ports - # mkdir databases - # cd databases - # ftp ftp.freebsd.org - [log in as `ftp' and give your email address when asked for a - password. Remember to use binary (aka image) mode!] - > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/databases - > get gnats.tar.gz [tarballs up the gnats skeleton for us] - > quit - # tar xzf gnats.tar.gz [extract the gnats skeleton] - # cd gnats - # make install [build and install gnats] - - -What happened here? We connected to the FTP server in the usual way -and went to its databases sub-directory. When we gave it the command -`get gnats.tar.gz', the FTP server up the gnats directory for us and even went to the -trouble of compressing it before sending it so we could get our hands -on it a little quicker. -

-We then extracted the gnats skeleton and went into the gnats directory -to build the port. As we explained , the make process noticed we did not have a copy of the -source locally, so it fetched one before extracting, patching and -building it. -

-Let's try something more ambitious now. Instead of getting a single -port skeleton, let's get a whole sub-directory, for example all the -database skeletons in the ports collection. It looks almost the same:- - - - # cd /usr/ports - # ftp ftp.freebsd.org - [log in as `ftp' and give your email address when asked for a - password. Remember to use binary (aka image) mode!] - > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports - > get databases.tar.gz [tarballs up the databases directory for us] - > quit - # tar xzf databases.tar.gz [extract all the database skeletons] - # cd databases - # make install [build and install all the database ports] - - -With half a dozen straightforward commands, we have now got a set of -database programs on our FreeBSD machine! All we did that was -different from getting a single port skeleton and building it was that -we got a whole directory at once, and compiled everything in it at -once. Pretty impressive, no? -

-If you expect to be installing more than one or two ports, it is -probably worth downloading all the ports directories - this involves -downloading 2 or 3MB, when they are compressed. However, don't get -carried away and type 'get ports.tar.gz' unless you are prepared to -download the distfiles directory as well - this contains the source -code for every single port and will take a very long time to download! - -Skeletons -

-A team of compulsive hackers who have forgotten to eat in a frantic -attempt to make a deadline? Something unpleasant lurking in the FreeBSD -attic? No, a skeleton here is a minimal framework that supplies everything -needed to make the ports magic work. - -Makefile -

-The most important component of a skeleton is the Makefile. This contains -various statements that specify how the port should be compiled and -installed. Here is the Makefile for bash:- - - - # New ports collection makefile for: bash - # Version required: 1.14.5 - # Date created: 21 August 1994 - # Whom: jkh - # - # Makefile,v 1.13 1995/10/04 14:45:01 asami Exp - # - - DISTNAME= bash-1.14.5 - CATEGORIES= shells - MASTER_SITES= ftp://slc2.ins.cwru.edu/pub/dist/ - - MAINTAINER= ache@FreeBSD.ORG - - post-install: - .if !defined(NOMANCOMPRESS) - gzip -9nf ${PREFIX}/man/man1/bash.1 ${PREFIX}/man/man1/bash_builtins.1 - .endif - - .include <bsd.port.mk> - - -The lines beginning with a "#" sign are comments for the benefit -of human readers (as in most Unix script files). -

-`DISTNAME" specifies the name of the , but without the extension. -

-`CATEGORIES" states what kind of program this is. -

-`MASTER_SITES" is the URL(s) of the master FTP site, which is -used to retrieve the if it is not -available on the local system. This is a site which is regarded as -reputable, and is normally the one from which the program is officially -distributed (in so far as any software is "officially" distributed -on the Internet). -

-`MAINTAINER" is the email address of the person who is -responsible for updating the skeleton if, for example a new version -of the program comes out. (Note: The title of "maintainer" -is mainly an administrative one; it does please mail -&a.ports; and -Skipping over the next few lines for a minute, the line - - .include - -says that the other statements and commands -needed for this port are in a standard file called -`bsd.port.mk". As these are the same for all ports, there is -no point in duplicating them all over the place, so they are kept in a -single standard file. -

-This is probably not the place to go into a detailed examination of -how Makefiles work; suffice it to say that the lines starting with -`post-install" over-ride the instructions in bsd.port.mk -about what to do after installing the program, so that the man pages -can be compressed after they have been put in their final destination. - -The files directory -

-The file containing the for -the port is called "md5", after the MD5 algorithm -used for ports checksums. It lives in a directory with the slightly -confusing name of "files". -

-This directory can also contain other miscellaneous files that are required -by the port and do not belong anywhere else. - -The patches directory -

-This directory contains the needed -to make everything work properly under FreeBSD. - -The pkg directory -

-This program contains three quite useful files:- - - - -COMMENT - a one-line description of the program. - - -DESCR - a more detailed description. - - -PLIST - a list of all the files that will be created when the program is installed. - - -It does not work?! - -

Oh. You can do one of four (4) things : - - - Fix it yourself. Technical details can be found in - - Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! The people at Walnut Creek are - in no way responsible for the functionality (or lack thereof) of the - FreeBSD system as a whole, and especially the ports system, which - is mainly contributed by 3rd parties. (If you do not believe me, check - the catalogue, especially the line saying "We cannot offer tech-support - on this product") - - The e-mail address is the &a.ports;. Please include - details of the port, where you got both the port source & - distfile(s) from, and what the error was. - - Note: At time of writing, lang/Sather does not seem to work on Pentium - machines due to the Intel Curse (aka the Floating Point Division Bug). - Please do not tell us about this - gripe to Intel instead - it is their - bug! - - Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the programs in - ports can be classified as `essential'! - - Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The ``master'' package - collection is on FreeBSD's FTP server in the - - though check your local mirror first, please! - - These are more likely to work (on the whole) than trying to compile from - source, and a lot faster! Use the pkg_add(1) -dddprogram to install them to your system. - - - -I have this program that I would like to make into a port... - -

Great! Please see the -for detailed instructions on how to do this. - -Some Questions and Answers -

- - -Q. I thought this was going to be a discussion about modems??! -

-A. Ah. You must be thinking of the serial ports on the back of your -computer. We are using `port' here to mean the result of `porting' a -program from one version of Unix to another. (It is an unfortunate bad -habit of computer people to use the same word to refer to several -completely different things). - - -Q. I thought you were supposed to use packages to install extra -programs? -

-A. Yes, that is usually the quickest and easiest way of doing it. - - -Q. So why bother with ports then? -

-A. Several reasons:- - - - The licensing conditions on some software distributions -require that they be distributed as source code, not binaries. - - Some people do not trust binary distributions. At least with -source code you can (in theory) read through it and look for potential -problems yourself. - - If you have some local patches, you will need the source to add -them yourself. - - You might have opinions on how a program should be compiled -that differ from the person who did the package - some people have -strong views on what optimisation setting should be used, whether to -build debug versions and then strip them or not, etc. etc. - - Some people like having code around, so they can read it if -they get bored, hack around with it, borrow from it (licence terms -permitting, of course!) and so on. - - If you ain't got the source, it ain't software! ;-) - - -

-A. A patch is a small (usually) file that specifies how to go from one -version of a file to another. It contains text that says, in effect, -things like ``delete line 23'', ``add these two lines after line 468'' -or ``change line 197 to this''. Also known as a `diff', since it is -generated by a program of that name. - -

-A. It is a file ending in .tar.gz (with variations like .tar.Z, or -even .tgz if you are trying to squeeze the names into a DOS filesystem). -

-Basically, it is a directory tree that has been archived into a single -file (.tar) and then compressed (.gz). This technique was originally -used for -You can see what files are in them, or even extract them yourself, by -using the standard Unix tar program, which comes with the base FreeBSD -system, like this:- - - - tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz # View contents of foobar.tar.gz - tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz # Extract contents into the current directory - - -

-A. It is a number generated by adding up all the data in the file you -want to check. If any of the characters change, the checksum will no -longer be equal to the total, so a simple comparison will allow you to -spot the difference. (In practice, it is done in a more complicated way -to spot problems like position-swapping, which will not show up with a -simplistic addition). - - -Q. I did what you said for and it worked great until I tried to install the kermit -port:- - - - # make install - >> cku190.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. - >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/archives/. - - -Why can it not be found? Have I got a dud CDROM? -

-A. The licensing terms for kermit do not allow us to put the tarball -for it on the CDROM, so you will have to fetch it by hand - sorry! -The reason why you got all those error messages was because you -were not connected to the Internet at the time. Once you have downloaded -it from any of the sites above, you can re-start the process (try and -choose the nearest site to you, though, to save your time and the -Internet's bandwidth). - - -Q. I did that, but when I tried to put it into /usr/ports/distfiles I -got some error about not having permission. -

-A. The ports mechanism looks for the tarball in /usr/ports/distfiles, -but you will not be able to copy anything there because it is sym-linked -to the CDROM, which is read-only. You can tell it to look somewhere -else by doing - - - DISTDIR=/where/you/put/it make install - - - -Q. Does the ports scheme only work if you have everything in -/usr/ports? My system administrator says I must put everything under -/u/people/guests/wurzburger, but it does not seem to work. -

-A. You can use the PORTSDIR and PREFIX variables to tell the ports -mechanism to use different directories. For instance, - - - PORTSDIR=/u/people/guests/wurzburger/ports make install - - -will compile the port in /u/people/guests/wurzburger/ports and install -everything under /usr/local. - - - PREFIX=/u/people/guests/wurzburger/local make install - - -will compile it in /usr/ports and install it in -/u/people/guests/wurzburger/local. - -And of course - - - PORTSDIR=.../ports PREFIX=.../local make install - - -will combine the two (it is too long to fit on the page if I write it -in full, but I am sure you get the idea). -

-If you do not fancy typing all that in every time you install a port -(and to be honest, who would?), it is a good idea to put these variables -into your environment. - - -Q. I do not have a FreeBSD CDROM, but I would like to have all the tarballs -handy on my system so I do not have to wait for a download every time I -install a port. Is there an easy way to get them all at once? -

-A. To get every single tarball for the ports collection, do - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make fetch - - -For all the tarballs for a single ports directory, do - - - # cd /usr/ports/directory - # make fetch - - -and for just one port - well, I think you have guessed already. - - -Q. I know it is probably faster to fetch the tarballs from one of the -FreeBSD mirror sites close by. Is there any way to tell the port to -fetch them from servers other than ones listed in the MASTER_SITES? -

-A. Yes. If you know, for example, ftp.FreeBSD.ORG is much closer than -sites listed in MASTER_SITES, do as following example. - - # cd /usr/ports/directory - # make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE=ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/ fetch - - - -Q. I want to know what files make is going to need before it tries to -pull them down. -

-A. 'make fetch-list' will display a list of the files needed for a port. - - -Q. Is there any way to stop the port from compiling? I want to do some -hacking on the source before I install it, but it is a bit tiresome having -to watch it and hit control-C every time. -

-A. Doing 'make extract' will stop it after it has fetched and -extracted the source code. - - -Q. I am trying to make my own port and I want to be able to stop it -compiling until I have had a chance to see if my patches worked properly. -Is there something like 'make extract', but for patches? -

-A. Yep, 'make patch' is what you want. And by the way, thank you for -your efforts! - - -Q. I have heard that some compiler options can cause bugs. Is this true? -How can I make sure that I compile ports with the right settings? -

-A. Yes, with version 2.6.3 of gcc (the version shipped with FreeBSD -2.1.0 and 2.1.5), the -O2 option could result in buggy code unless you -used the -fno-strength-reduce option as well. (Most of the ports don't -use -O2). You - # CFLAGS='-O2 -fno-strength-reduce' make install - - -or by editing /etc/make.conf, but this does not always seem to get -picked up. The surest way is to do 'make configure', then go into the -source directory and inspect the Makefiles by hand, but this can get -tedious if the source has lots of sub-directories, each with their own -Makefiles. - - -Q. There are so many ports it is hard to find the one I want. Is there a -list anywhere of what ports are available? -

-A. Look in the INDEX file in /usr/ports. - - -Q. I went to install the 'foo' port but the system suddenly stopped -and starting compiling the 'bar' port. What's going on? -

-A. The 'foo' port needs something that is supplied with 'bar' - for -instance, if 'foo' uses graphics, 'bar' might have a library with -useful graphics processing routines. Or 'bar' might be a tool that is -needed to compile the 'foo' port. - -

-A. No problem, just do - - - pkg_delete grizzle-6.5 - - - -Q. Hang on a minute, you have to know the version number to use that -command. You do not seriously expect me to remember that, do you?? -

-A. Not at all, you can find it out by doing - - - pkg_info -a | grep grizzle - - -And it will tell you:- - - - Information for grizzle-6.5: - grizzle-6.5 - the combined piano tutorial, LOGO interpreter and shoot 'em up arcade game. - - - -Q. Talking of disk space, the ports directory seems to be taking up -an awful lot of room. Is it safe to go in there and delete things? -

-A. Yes, if you have installed the program and are fairly certain you -will not need the source again, there is no point in keeping it hanging -around. The best way to do this is - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make clean - - -which will go through all the ports subdirectories and delete -everything except the skeletons for each port. - -Q. I tried that and it still left all those tarballs or whatever you -called them in the distfiles directory. Can I delete those as well? -

-A. Yes, if you are sure you have finished with them, those can go as -well. - - -Q. I like having lots and lots of programs to play with. Is there any -way of installing all the ports in one go? -

-A. Just do - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make install - - - -Q. OK, I tried that, but I thought it would take a very long time so I -went to bed and left it to get on with it. When I looked at the -computer this morning, it had only done three and a half ports. Did -something go wrong? -

-A. No, the problem is that some of the ports need to ask you questions -that we can not answer for you (eg ``Do you want to print on A4 or US -letter sized paper?'') and they need to have someone on hand to answer -them. - - -Q. I really do not want to spend all day staring at the monitor. Any -better ideas? -

-A. OK, do this before you go to bed/work/the local park:- - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make -DBATCH install - - -This will install every port that does - # cd /usr/ports - # make -DIS_INTERACTIVE install - - -to finish the job. - - -Q. At work, we are using frobble, which is in your ports collection, -but we have altered it quite a bit to get it to do what we need. Is -there any way of making our own packages, so we can distribute it more -easily around our sites? -

-A. No problem, assuming you know how to make patches for your changes:- - - - # cd /usr/ports/somewhere/frobble - # make extract - # cd work/frobble-2.8 - [Apply your patches] - # cd ../.. - # make package - - - -Q. This ports stuff is really clever. I am desperate to find out how -you did it. What is the secret? -

-A. Nothing secret about it at all, just look at the bsd.ports.mk and -bsd.ports.subdir.mk files in your -(Note: readers with an aversion to intricate shell-scripts are advised -not to follow this link...) - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/ppp.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/ppp.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 958fe88..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/ppp.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,427 +0,0 @@ - - - -Setting up kernel PPP - -

Contributed by &a.gena;. - -Before you start setting up PPP on your machine make -sure that pppd is located in /usr/sbin and directory /etc/ppp -exists. - -pppd can work in two modes: - - as a "client" , i.e. you want to connect your machine to outside -world via PPP serial connection or modem line. - - as a "server" , i.e. your machine is located on the network and -used to connect other computers using PPP. - -In both cases you will need to set up an options file (/etc/ppp/options -or ~/.ppprc if you have more then one user on your machine that uses -PPP). - -You also will need some modem/serial software ( preferably kermit ) -so you can dial and establish connection with remote host. - -Working as a PPP client - -

I used the following /etc/ppp/options to connect to CISCO terminal -server PPP line. - -crtscts # enable hardware flow control -modem # modem control line -noipdefault # remote PPP server must supply your IP address. - # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during IPCP - # negotiation , remove this option -passive # wait for LCP packets -domain ppp.foo.com # put your domain name here - -: # put the IP of remote PPP host here - # it will be used to route packets via PPP link - # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option - # change this line to : - -defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your - # default router - - -To connect: - - Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem program ) -enter your user name and password ( or whatever is needed to enable PPP -on the remote host ) - - Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) - - enter: - -/usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200 - -( put the appropriate speed and device name ) - - -Now your computer is connected with PPP. If the connection fails for some -reasons you can add the "debug" option to the /etc/ppp/options file -and check messages on the console to track the problem - -Following /etc/ppp/pppup script will make all 3 stages automatically: - -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 - - -/etc/ppp/kermit.dial is kermit script that dials and makes all -necessary authorization on the remote host. -( Example of such script is attached to the end of this document ) - -Use the following /etc/ppp/pppdown script to disconnect the PPP line: - -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill -TERM ${pid} -fi - -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup -/etc/ppp/ppptest - - -Check if PPP is still running (/usr/etc/ppp/ppptest): - -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax| grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE} -else - echo 'No pppd running.' -fi -set -x -netstat -n -I ppp0 -ifconfig ppp0 - - -Hangs up modem line (/etc/ppp/kermit.hup): - -set line /dev/tty01 ; put your modem device here -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -echo \13 -exit - - - -

Here is an alternate method using chat instead of -kermit. - -Contributed by &a.rhuff;. - -

The following two files are sufficient to accomplish a pppd -connection. - -

/etc/ppp/options: - - /dev/cuaa1 115200 - -crtscts # enable hardware flow control -modem # modem control line -connect "/usr/bin/chat -f /etc/ppp/login.chat.script" -noipdefault # remote PPP server must supply your IP address. - # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during - # IPCP negotiation, remove this option -passive # wait for LCP packets -domain # put your domain name here - -: # put the IP of remote PPP host here - # it will be used to route packets via PPP link - # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option - # change this line to : - -defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be - # your default router - - - -

/etc/ppp/login.chat.script: - -(This should actually go into a single line.) - - -ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' "" AT OK ATDT - CONNECT "" TIMEOUT 10 ogin:-\\r-ogin: - TIMEOUT 5 sword: - - - -Once these are installed and modified correctly, all you need to -do is - -

pppd. - - - This sample based primarily on information provided by: Trev Roydhouse -<Trev.Roydhouse@f401.n711.z3.fidonet.org> and used by -permission. - - -Working as a PPP server - -

/etc/ppp/options: - -crtscts # Hardware flow control -netmask 255.255.255.0 # netmask ( not required ) -192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165 # ip's of local and remote hosts - # local ip must be different from one - # you assigned to the ethernet ( or other ) - # interface on your machine. - # remote IP is ip address that will be - # assigned to the remote machine -domain ppp.foo.com # your domain -passive # wait for LCP -modem # modem line - - -Following /etc/ppp/pppserv script will enable ppp server on your -machine - -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -# reset ppp interface -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -# enable autoanswer mode -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans - -# run ppp -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 - - -Use this /etc/ppp/pppservdown script to stop ppp server: - -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans - - -Following kermit script will enable/disable autoanswer mode -on your modem (/etc/ppp/kermit.ans): - -set line /dev/tty01 -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -out ATS0=1\13 ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable - ; autoanswer mod -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -exit - - -This /etc/ppp/kermit.dial script is used for dialing and authorizing -on remote host. You will need to customize it for your needs. -Put your login and password in this script , also you will need -to change input statement depending on responses from your modem -and remote host. - -; -; put the com line attached to the modem here: -; -set line /dev/tty01 -; -; put the modem speed here: -; -set speed 19200 -set file type binary ; full 8 bit file xfer -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none -set modem hayes -set dial hangup off -set carrier auto ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary, -set dial display on ; Then SET DIAL if necessary, -set input echo on -set input timeout proceed -set input case ignore -def \%x 0 ; login prompt counter -goto slhup - -:slcmd ; put the modem in command mode -echo Put the modem in command mode. -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -output +++ ; hayes escape sequence -input 1 OK\13\10 ; wait for OK -if success goto slhup -output \13 -pause 1 -output at\13 -input 1 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again - -:slhup ; hang up the phone -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -echo Hanging up the phone. -output ath0\13 ; hayes command for on hook -input 2 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode - -:sldial ; dial the number -pause 1 -echo Dialing. -output atdt9,550311\13\10 ; put phone number here -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter - -:look -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -input 1 {CONNECT } -if success goto sllogin -reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10} -if success goto sldial -reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10} -if success goto slnodial -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 60 goto look -else goto slhup - -:sllogin ; login -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter -pause 1 -echo Looking for login prompt. - -:slloop -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -output \13 -; -; put your expected login prompt here: -; -input 1 {Username: } -if success goto sluid -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 10 goto slloop ; try 10 times to get a login prompt -else goto slhup ; hang up and start again if 10 failures - -:sluid -; -; put your userid here: -; -output ppp-login\13 -input 1 {Password: } -; -; put your password here: -; -output ppp-password\13 -input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.} -echo -quit - -:slnodial -echo \7No dialtone. Check the telephone line!\7 -exit 1 - -; local variables: -; mode: csh -; comment-start: "; " -; comment-start-skip: "; " -; end: - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/printing.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/printing.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 4dfda87..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/printing.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3876 +0,0 @@ - - - Printing - -

Contributed by &a.kelly;30 September 1995 - - In order to use printers with FreeBSD, you will need to set - them up to work with the Berkeley line printer spooling - system, also known as the LPD spooling system. It is the - standard printer control system in FreeBSD. This section - introduces the LPD spooling system, often simply called LPD. - - If you are already familiar with LPD or another printer - spooling system, you may wish to skip to section . - - What the Spooler Does - -

LPD controls everything about a host's printers. It is - responsible for a number of things: - - - It controls access to attached printers and - printers attached to other hosts on the network. - - It enables users to submit files to be printed; - these submissions are known as It prevents multiple users from accessing a printer - at the same time by maintaining a It can print It takes care of communications parameters for - printers connected on serial ports. - - It can send jobs over the network to another LPD - spooler on another host. - - It can run special filters to format jobs to be - printed for various printer languages or printer - capabilities. - - It can account for printer usage. - - - Through a configuration file, and by providing the special - filter programs, you can enable the LPD system to do all or - some subset of the above for a great variety of printer - hardware. - - Why You Should Use the Spooler - -

If you are the sole user of your system, you may be - wondering why you should bother with the spooler when you - do not need access control, header pages, or printer - accounting. While it is possible to enable direct access to - a printer, you should use the spooler anyway since - - - LPD prints jobs in the background; you do not have - to wait for data to be copied to the printer. - - LPD can conveniently run a job to be printed - through filters to add date/time headers or convert a - special file format (such as a TeX DVI file) into a - format the printer will understand. You will not have to do - these steps manually. - - Many free and commercial programs that provide a - print feature usually expect to talk to the spooler on - your system. By setting up the spooling system, you will - more easily support other software you may later add or - already have. - - - Setting Up the Spooling System - -

To use printers with the LPD spooling system, you will need - to set up both your printer hardware and the LPD software. - This document describes two levels of setup: - - - See section to learn how to connect a - printer, tell LPD how to communicate with it, and - print plain text files to the printer. - - See section to find out how to print a - variety of special file formats, to print header - pages, to print across a network, to control access to - printers, and to do printer accounting. - - - - Simple Printer Setup - -

This section tells how to configure printer hardware and the - LPD software to use the printer. It teaches the basics: - - - Section gives some hints on connecting the printer to a - port on your computer. - - Section shows how to setup the LPD spooler configuration - file /etc/printcap. - - - If you are setting up a printer that uses a network protocol - to accept data to print instead of a serial or parallel interface, - see . - - Although this section is called ``Simple Printer Setup,'' it is - actually fairly complex. Getting the printer to work with - your computer and the LPD spooler is the hardest part. The - advanced options like header pages and accounting are fairly - easy once you get the printer working. - - Hardware Setup - -

This section tells about the various ways you can connect a - printer to your PC. It talks about the kinds of ports and - cables, and also the kernel configuration you may need to - enable FreeBSD to speak to the printer. - - If you have already connected your printer and have - successfully printed with it under another operating system, - you can probably skip to section . - - Ports and Cables - -

Nearly all printers you can get for a PC today support - one or both of the following interfaces: - - - Parallel interfaces are sometimes known as - ``Centronics'' interfaces, named after the connector - type on the printer. - - - In general, serial interfaces are slower than parallel - interfaces. Parallel interfaces usually offer just - one-way communication (computer to printer) while serial - gives you two-way. Many newer parallel ports can also - receive data from the printer, but only few printers need - to send data back to the computer. And FreeBSD does not - support two-way parallel communication yet. - - Usually, the only time you need two-way communication with - the printer is if the printer speaks PostScript. - PostScript printers can be very verbose. In fact, - PostScript jobs are actually programs sent to the printer; - they need not produce paper at all and may return results - directly to the computer. PostScript also uses - two-way communication to tell the computer about problems, - such as errors in the PostScript program or paper jams. - Your users may be appreciative of such information. - Furthermore, the best way to do effective accounting with - a PostScript printer requires two-way communication: you - ask the printer for its page count (how many pages it has - printed in its lifetime), then send the user's job, then - ask again for its page count. Subtract the two values and - you know how much paper to charge the user. - - So, which interface should you use? - - - If you need two-way communication, use a serial - port. FreeBSD does not yet support two-way - communication over a parallel port. - - If you do not need two-way communication and can - pick parallel or serial, prefer the parallel - interface. It keeps a serial port free for other - peripherals---such as a terminal or a modem---and is - faster most of the time. It is also easier to - configure. - - Finally, use whatever works. - - - - Parallel Ports - -

To hook up a printer using a parallel interface, connect - the Centronics cable between the printer and the - computer. The instructions that came with the printer, the - computer, or both should give you complete guidance. - - Remember which parallel port you used on the computer. The - first parallel port is /dev/lpt0 to FreeBSD; the second is - /dev/lpt1, and so on. - - Serial Ports - -

To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect - the proper serial cable between the printer and the - computer. The instructions that came with the printer, - the computer, or both should give you complete guidance. - - If you are unsure what the ``proper serial cable'' is, you - may wish to try one of the following alternatives: - - A A A - - You should also set up the communications parameters for - the printer, usually through front-panel controls or DIP - switches on the printer. Choose the highest bps (bits per - second, sometimes Software Setup - -

This section describes the software setup necessary to - print with the LPD spooling system in FreeBSD. - - Here is an outline of the steps involved: - - Configure your kernel, if necessary, for the port - you are using for the printer; section tells - you what you need to do. - - Set the communications mode for the parallel port, - if you are using a parallel port; section gives - details. - - Test if the operating system can send data to the - printer. Section gives some - suggestions on how to do this. - - Set up LPD for the printer by modifying the file - /etc/printcap. Section - shows you how. - - - Kernel Configuration - -

The operating system kernel is compiled to work with a - specific set of devices. The serial or parallel interface - for your printer is a part of that set. Therefore, it - might be necessary to add support for an additional serial - or parallel port if your kernel is not already configured - for one. - - To find out if the kernel you are currently using supports a serial - interface, type - -dmesg | grep sio - where -sio2 at 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa -sio2: type 16550A - - then the kernel supports the port. - - To find out if the kernel supports a parallel interface, - type - -dmesg | grep lpt - where -lpt0 at 0x378-0x37f on isa - - then the kernel supports the port. - - You might have to reconfigure your kernel in order for the - operating system to recognize and use the parallel or - serial port you are using for the printer. - - To add support for a serial port, see the section on - kernel configuration. To add support for a parallel port, - see that section Adding /dev Entries for the Ports - - -

Even though the kernel may support communication along - a serial or parallel port, you will still need a software - interface through which programs running on the system - can send and receive data. That is what entries in the - /dev directory are for. - - To add a /dev entry for a port: - - Become root with the Change to the /dev directory: - -cd /dev - - - Type - - ./MAKEDEV - where Type - -ls -l - to make sure the device entry got created. - - - Setting the Communication Mode for the Parallel Port - - -

When you are using the parallel interface, you can - choose whether FreeBSD should use interrupt-driven or - polled communication with the printer. - - - The The - - The interrupt-driven method is somewhat faster but uses - up a precious IRQ line. You should use whichever one - works. - - You can set the communications mode in two ways: by - configuring the kernel or by using the To set the communications mode by configuring the - kernel: - - Edit your kernel configuration file. Look for - or add an - If you want interrupt-driven mode, add the -device lpt0 at isa? port? tty irq - - where If you want polled mode, do not add the - -device lpt0 at isa? port? tty vector lptintr - - - Save the file. Then configure, build, and - install the kernel, then reboot. See for more details. - - - To set the communications mode with - - - - Type - -lptcontrol -i -u - - to set interrupt-driven mode for - Type - -lptcontrol -p -u - - to set polled-mode for - You could put these commands in your - /etc/rc.local file to set the mode each time - your system boots. See lptcontrol(8) for more - information. - - Checking Printer Communications - -

Before proceeding to configure the spooling system, - you should make sure the operating system can - successfully send data to your printer. It is a lot - easier to debug printer communication and the spooling - system separately. - - To test the printer, we will send some text to it. For - printers that can immediately print characters sent to - them, the program -%!PS -100 100 moveto 300 300 lineto stroke -310 310 moveto -/Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont -(Is this thing working?) show -showpage - - Checking a Parallel Printer - -

This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can - communicate with a printer connected to a parallel port. - - To test a printer on a parallel port: - - Become root with Send data to the printer. - - If the printer can print plain text, then - use -lptest > /dev/lpt - - where If the printer understands PostScript or - other printer language, then send a small - program to the printer. Type - -cat > /dev/lpt - - Then, line by line, type the program - Alternatively, you can put the program in - a file and type - -cat /dev/lpt - - where - - - You should see something print. Do not worry if the - text does not look right; we will fix such things later. - - Checking a Serial Printer - -

This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can - communicate with a printer on a serial port. - - To test a printer on a serial port: - - Become root with Edit the file /etc/remote. Add the - following entry: - -printer:dv=/dev/ - - where - Here is a sample entry for a printer connected - via a serial line to the third serial port at - 19200 bps with no parity: - -printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none - - - Connect to the printer with -tip printer - - If this step does not work, edit the file - /etc/remote again and try using - /dev/cuaa instead of - /dev/ttyd. - - Send data to the printer. - - If the printer can print plain text, then - use -~$lptest - - - If the printer understands PostScript or - other printer language, then send a small - program to the printer. Type the program, - line by line, Alternatively, you can put the program in - a file and type - -˜> - - where - - - You should see something print. Do not worry if the - text does not look right; we will fix that later. - - Enabling the Spooler: The /etc/printcap File - - -

At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your - kernel configured to communicate with it (if necessary), - and you have been able to send some simple data to the - printer. Now, we are ready to configure LPD to control - access to your printer. - - You configure LPD by editing the file - /etc/printcap. The LPD spooling system reads - this file each time the spooler is used, so updates to the - file take immediate effect. - - The format of the /etc/printcap. The format is identical to other - capability files like /usr/share/misc/termcap and - /etc/remote. For complete information about the - format, see the cgetent(3). - - The simple spooler configuration consists of the following steps: - - Pick a name (and a few convenient aliases) for - the printer, and put them in the - /etc/printcap file; see . - - Turn off header pages (which are on by default) - by inserting the . - - Make a spooling directory, and specify its - location with the . - - Set the /dev entry to use for the - printer, and note it in /etc/printcap with - the . Also, if the - printer is on a serial port, set up the communication - parameters with the . - - Install a plain text input filter; see - - Test the setup by printing something with the - and . - - - tells how to do - this. - - Naming the Printer - -

The first (easy) step is to pick a name for your - printer. It really does not matter whether you choose - functional or whimsical names since you can also provide - a number aliases for the printer. - - At least one of the printers specified in the - /etc/printcap should have the alias - /etc/printcap file. The name of - the printer should start in the leftmost column. - Separate each alias with a vertical bar and put a colon - after the last alias. - - In the following example, we start with a skeletal - /etc/printcap that defines two printers (a - Diablo 630 line printer and a Panasonic KX-P4455 - PostScript laser printer): - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4: - - In this example, the first printer is named Suppressing Header Pages - -

The LPD spooling system will by default print a - /etc/printcap. Here is the example - /etc/printcap with -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - no header pages anywhere -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh: - - Note how we used the correct format: the first line - starts in the leftmost column, and subsequent lines are - indented with a single TAB. Every line in an entry - except the last ends in a backslash character. - - Making the Spooling Directory - -

The next step in the simple spooler setup is to make a - /var/spool. It is not necessary to backup the - contents of spooling directories, either. Recreating - them is as simple as running -mkdir /var/spool/printer-name - - However, if you have a lot of printers on your network, - you might want to put the spooling directories under a - single directory that you reserve just for printing with - LPD. We will do this for our two example printers - -mkdir /var/spool/lpd -mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan -mkdir /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - - - -chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan -chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/bamboo -chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan -chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - - - Finally, you need to tell LPD about these directories - using the /etc/printcap file. You specify the - pathname of the spooling directory with the -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - added spooling directories -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo: - - Note that the name of the printer starts in the first - column but all other entries describing the printer - should be indented with a tab and each line escaped with - a backslash. - - If you do not specify a spooling directory with /var/spool/lpd as - a default. - - Identifying the Printer Device - -

In section , we identified which - entry in the /dev directory FreeBSD will use - to communicate with the printer. Now, we tell LPD - that information. When the spooling system has a job - to print, it will open the specified device on behalf - of the filter program (which is responsible for - passing data to the printer). - - List the /dev entry pathname in the - /etc/printcap file using the /etc/printcap: - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - identified what devices to use -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5: - - - If you do not specify the /etc/printcap file, LPD uses - /dev/lp as a default. /dev/lp - currently does not exist in FreeBSD. - - If the printer you are installing is connected to a - parallel port, skip to the section . Otherwise, - be sure to follow the instructions in the next section. - - Configuring Spooler Communication - Parameters - -

For printers on serial ports, LPD can set up the bps - rate, parity, and other serial communication parameters - on behalf of the filter program that sends data to the - printer. This is advantageous since - - It lets you try different communication - parameters by simply editing the - /etc/printcap file; you do not have to - recompile the filter program. - - It enables the spooling system to use the same - filter program for multiple printers which may have - different serial communication settings. - - - The following /etc/printcap capabilities - control serial communication parameters of the device - listed in the - br#/ - - Sets the communications speed of the device to - fc#/ - - Clears the flag bits fs#/ - - Sets the flag bits xc#/ - - Clears local mode bits xs#/ - - Sets local mode bits - For more information on the bits for the /usr/include/sys/ioctl_compat.h. - - When LPD opens the device specified by the -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000c1:xs#0x820: - - - - Installing the Text Filter - -

We are now ready to tell LPD what text filter to use to - send jobs to the printer. A . - - For our simple printer setup, the text filter can be a - small shell script that just executes /bin/cat - to send the job to the printer. FreeBSD comes with - another filter called . - - First, let uss make the shell script - /usr/local/libexec/if-simple be a simple text - filter. Put the following text into that file with your - favorite text editor: - -#!/bin/sh -# -# if-simple - Simple text input filter for lpd -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/if-simple -# -# Simply copies stdin to stdout. Ignores all filter arguments. - -/bin/cat && exit 0 -exit 2 - - Make the file executable: - -chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple - - - And then tell LPD to use it by specifying it with the - /etc/printcap. We will add - it to the two printers we have so far in the example - /etc/printcap: - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - added text filter -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - - - Trying It Out - -

You have reached the end of the simple LPD setup. - Unfortunately, congratulations are not quite yet in - order, since we still have to test the setup and - correct any problems. To test the setup, try printing - something. To print with the LPD system, you use the - command to generate some - test text. - - To test the simple LPD setup: - -

Type: - -lptest 20 5 | lpr -P - - where /etc/printcap. To test - the default printer, type -!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234 -"#$%&'()*+,-./012345 -#$%&'()*+,-./0123456 -$%&'()*+,-./01234567 -%&'()*+,-./012345678 - - - To further test the printer, try downloading larger - programs (for language-based printers) or running - . - - Troubleshooting - -

After performing the simple test with - /usr/local/libexec/if-simple prints a form - feed after it sends the job to the printer: - -#!/bin/sh -# -# if-simple - Simple text input filter for lpd -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/if-simple -# -# Simply copies stdin to stdout. Ignores all filter arguments. -# Writes a form feed character (\f) after printing job. - -/bin/cat && printf "\f" && exit 0 -exit 2 - - - -!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234 - "#$%&'()*+,-./012345 - #$%&'()*+,-./0123456 - - You have become another victim of the -Printer received CR Printer prints CR -Printer received LF Printer prints CR + LF - - - Here are some ways to achieve this: - - Use the printer's configuration switches or - control panel to alter its interpretation of - these characters. Check your printer's manual - to find out how to do this. - -

Have FreeBSD's serial line driver - automatically convert LF to CR+LF. Of course, - this works with printers on serial ports - /etc/printcap file for the printer. - - Send an Here is an example text filter for printers - that understand the Hewlett-Packard PCL escape - codes. This filter makes the printer treat LF - characters as a LF and CR; then it sends the - job; then it sends a form feed to eject the - last page of the job. It should work with - nearly all Hewlett Packard printers. - - -#!/bin/sh -# -# hpif - Simple text input filter for lpd for HP-PCL based printers -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpif -# -# Simply copies stdin to stdout. Ignores all filter arguments. -# Tells printer to treat LF as CR+LF. Writes a form feed character -# after printing job. - -printf "\033&k2G" && cat && printf "\f" && exit 0 -exit 2 - - - Here is an example /etc/printcap from - a host called orchid. It has a single printer - attached to its first parallel port, a Hewlett - Packard LaserJet 3Si named -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid -# -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif: - - - - -Printer received CR Printer prints CR -Printer received LF Printer prints CR + LF - - - - If the printer supports XON/XOFF flow - control, have FreeBSD use it by specifying the - TANDEM bit in the If the printer supports carrier flow - control, specify the MDMBUF bit in the If the printer does not support any flow - control, use some combination of the NLDELAY, - TBDELAY, CRDELAY, VTDELAY, and BSDELAY bits in - the - - /etc/printcap file. - - /etc/printcap file. - For example, here is the entry for -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:\ - :lf=/var/log/rattan.log - - Then, try printing again. Check the log file (in - our example, /var/log/rattan.log) to see - any error messages that might appear. Based on the - messages you see, try to correct the problem. - - If you do not specify a /dev/console as a default. - - - Using Printers - -

This section tells you how to use printers you have setup with - FreeBSD. Here is an overview of the user-level commands: - - - - There is also an administrative command, , used to control printers and their queues. - - All three of the commands /etc/printcap file. This enables you to submit, - remove, and check on jobs for various printers. If you do not - use the Printing Jobs -

- - To print files, type - -lpr - - This prints each of the listed files to the default printer. - If you list no files, -lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv - - To select a specific printer, type - -lpr -P - - This example prints a long listing of the current directory - to the printer named -ls -l | lpr -P rattan - - Because no files were listed for the . - - Checking Jobs - -

When you print with -lpq -P bamboo - - shows the queue for the printer named -bamboo is ready and printing -Rank Owner Job Files Total Size -active kelly 9 /etc/host.conf, /etc/hosts.equiv 88 bytes -2nd kelly 10 (standard input) 1635 bytes -3rd mary 11 ... 78519 bytes - - This shows three jobs in the queue for for details. - - Job number nine consists of two files; multiple files given - on the -waiting for bamboo to become ready (offline ?) - -kelly: 1st [job 009rose] - /etc/host.conf 73 bytes - /etc/hosts.equiv 15 bytes - -kelly: 2nd [job 010rose] - (standard input) 1635 bytes - -mary: 3rd [job 011rose] - /home/orchid/mary/research/venus/alpha-regio/mapping 78519 bytes - - - Removing Jobs - -

If you change your mind about printing a job, you can - remove the job from the queue with the - - To remove the job from a specific printer, add the -lprm -P bamboo 10 - - The - - - Just use the -lprm -P rattan - - - - -rose% lpr -P rattan myfile -rose% rlogin orchid -orchid% lpq -P rattan -Rank Owner Job Files Total Size -active seeyan 12 ... 49123 bytes -2nd kelly 13 myfile 12 bytes -orchid% lprm -P rattan 13 -rose: Permission denied -orchid% logout -rose% lprm -P rattan 13 -dfA013rose dequeued -cfA013rose dequeued -rose% - - - Beyond Plain Text: Printing Options - -

The Formatting and Conversion Options - -

The following -lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi - - These options apply to every file in the job, so you cannot - mix (say) DVI and ditroff files together in a job. - Instead, submit the files as separate jobs, using a - different conversion option for each job. - - gives details. - - - - - Here is an example: this command prints a nicely - formatted version of the -zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t - - The Job Handling Options - -

The following options to - . - -

This example prints three copies of -lpr -#3 parser.c parser.h - - - - - Header Page Options - -

These options to for information about - setting up header pages. - - - for - details. - - - - Administrating Printers - -

As an administrator for your printers, you have had to - install, set up, and test them. Using the - Start and stop the printers - - Enable and disable their queues - - Rearrange the order of the jobs in each queue. - - - First, a note about terminology: if a printer is - /etc/printcap. - - - - - Advanced Printer Setup - -

This section describes filters for printing specially - formatted files, header pages, printing across networks, and - restricting and accounting for printer usage. - - Filters - -

Although LPD handles network protocols, queuing, access - control, and other aspects of printing, most of the - ). - - However, in order to take advantage of format conversion, - printer accounting, specific printer quirks, and so on, you - should understand how filters work. It will ultimately be - the filter's responsibility to handle these aspects. And the - bad news is that most of the time /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf, - that works with many printers that can print plain text. - (It handles backspacing and tabs in the file, and does - accounting, but that is about all it does.) There are also - several filters and filter components in the FreeBSD ports - collection. - - Here is what you will find in this section: - - - Section , tries to give an overview of a - filter's role in the printing process. You should read - this section to get an understanding of what is happening - ``under the hood'' when LPD uses filters. This - knowledge could help you anticipate and debug problems - you might encounter as you install more and more filters - on each of your printers. - - LPD expects every printer to be able to print plain - text by default. This presents a problem for PostScript - (or other language-based printers) which cannot directly - print plain text. Section tells you what - you should do to overcome this problem. I recommend - reading this section if you have a PostScript printer. - - PostScript is a popular output format for many - programs. Even some people (myself included) write - PostScript code directly. But PostScript printers are - expensive. Section - tells how you can further modify a printer's text filter - to accept and print PostScript data on a - Section tells about a way you can - automate the conversion of specific file formats, such - as graphic or typesetting data, into formats your - printer can understand. After reading this section, - you should be able to set up your printers such that - users can type Section tells all about a not often used feature of - LPD: output filters. Unless you are printing header - pages (see ), you can probably skip that - section altogether. - - Section describes - - How Filters Work - -

As mentioned before, a filter is an executable program - started by LPD to handle the device-dependent part of - communicating with the printer. - - When LPD wants to print a file in a job, it starts a - filter program. It sets the filter's standard input to - the file to print, its standard output to the printer, and - its standard error to the error logging file (specified in - the /etc/printcap, or - /dev/console by default). - - Which filter LPD starts and the filter's arguments depend - on what is listed in the /etc/printcap file and - what arguments the user specified for the job on the - for - details). - - There are three kinds filters you can specify in - /etc/printcap: - - The -[-c] -w - - where - - /etc/printcap, - default 132 - - - - A tells all about them. - Conversion filters also need to do accounting, if you - need printer accounting. - - Conversion filters are started with the following - arguments: - --x - - where The - describe them. There are only two arguments to an - output filter: - --w - - which are identical to the text filters - - Filters should also - - - The text filter that comes with the FreeBSD release, - /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf, takes advantage of the page - width and length arguments to determine when to send a - form feed and how to account for printer usage. It uses - the login, host, and accounting file arguments to make the - accounting entries. - - If you are shopping for filters, see if they are - LPD-compatible. If they are, they must support the - argument lists described above. If you plan on writing - filters for general use, then have them support the same - argument lists and exit codes. - - Accommodating Plain Text Jobs on PostScript Printers - - -

If you are the only user of your computer and PostScript - (or other language-based) printer, and you promise to - never send plain text to your printer and to never use - features of various programs that will want to send plain - text to your printer, then you do not need to worry about - this section at all. - - But, if you would like to send both PostScript and plain - text jobs to the printer, then you are urged to augment - your printer setup. To do so, we have the text filter - detect if the arriving job is plain text or PostScript. - All PostScript jobs must start with ). - You can fetch, build and install it - yourself, of course. After installing /etc/printcap: - - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif: - - You should also specify the -#!/bin/sh -# -# psif - Print PostScript or plain text on a PostScript printer -# Script version; NOT the version that comes with lprps -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psif -# - -read first_line -first_two_chars=`expr "$first_line" : '\(..\)'` - -if [ "$first_two_chars" = "%!" ]; then - # - # PostScript job, print it. - # - echo $first_line && cat && printf "\004" && exit 0 - exit 2 -else - # - # Plain text, convert it, then print it. - # - ( echo $first_line; cat ) | /usr/local/bin/textps && printf "\004" && exit 0 - exit 2 -fi - - In the above script, ) includes a full featured text-to-PostScript - program called Simulating PostScript on Non-PostScript Printers - - -

PostScript is the -#!/bin/sh -# -# ifhp - Print Ghostscript-simulated PostScript on a DeskJet 500 -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpif - -# -# Treat LF as CR+LF: -# -printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2 - -# -# Read first two characters of the file -# -read first_line -first_two_chars=`expr "$first_line" : '\(..\)'` - -if [ "$first_two_chars" = "%!" ]; then - # - # It is PostScript; use Ghostscript to scan-convert and print it - # - /usr/local/bin/gs -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -q -sDEVICE=djet500 -sOutputFile=- - \ - && exit 0 - -else - # - # Plain text or HP/PCL, so just print it directly; print a form - # at the end to eject the last page. - # - echo $first_line && cat && printf "\f" && exit 2 -fi - -exit 2 - - Finally, you need to notify LPD of the filter via the - - :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif: - - That is it. You can type Conversion Filters - -

After completing the simple setup described in , the - first thing you will probably want to do is install - conversion filters for your favorite file formats - (besides plain ASCII text). - - Why Install Conversion Filters? - -

Conversion filters make printing various kinds of - files easy. As an example, suppose we do a lot of work - with the TeX typesetting system, and we have a - PostScript printer. Every time we generate a DVI file - from TeX, we cannot print it directly until we convert - the DVI file into PostScript. The command sequence - goes like this: - -dvips seaweed-analysis.dvi -lpr seaweed-analysis.ps - - By installing a conversion filter for DVI files, we can - skip the hand conversion step each time by having LPD do - it for us. Now, each time we get a DVI file, we are just - one step away from printing it: - -lpr -d seaweed-analysis.dvi - - We got LPD to do the DVI file conversion for us by - specifying the lists the conversion options. - - For each of the conversion options you want a printer to - support, install a /etc/printcap. A conversion - filter is like the text filter for the simple printer - setup (see section ) except that instead - of printing plain text, the filter converts the file - into a format the printer can understand. - - Which Conversions Filters Should I Install? - - -

You should install the conversion filters you expect - to use. If you print a lot of DVI data, then a DVI - conversion filter is in order. If you have got plenty of - troff to print out, then you probably want a troff - filter. - - The following table summarizes the filters that LPD - works with, their capability entries for the - /etc/printcap file, and how to invoke them with - the - /etc/printcap -File type Capability lpr option ------------- ------------- ---------- -cifplot cf -c -DVI df -d -plot gf -g -ditroff nf -n -FORTRAN text rf -f -troff tf -t -raster vf -v -plain text if none, -p, or -l - - - In our example, using /etc/printcap. - - Despite what others might contend, formats like FORTRAN - text and plot are probably obsolete. At your site, you - can give new meanings to these or any of the formatting - options just by installing custom filters. For example, - suppose you would like to directly print Printerleaf files - (files from the Interleaf desktop publishing program), - but will never print plot files. You could install a - Printerleaf conversion filter under the Installing Conversion Filters - -

Since conversion filters are programs you install - outside of the base FreeBSD installation, they should - probably go under /usr/local. The directory - /usr/local/libexec is a popular location, since - they are specialized programs that only LPD will - run; regular users should not ever need to run them. - - To enable a conversion filter, specify its pathname - under the appropriate capability for the destination - printer in /etc/printcap. - - In our example, we will add the DVI conversion filter to - the entry for the printer named /etc/printcap file again, with the new - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - added df filter for bamboo -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - The DVI filter is a shell script named - /usr/local/libexec/psdf. Here is that script: - -#!bin/sh -# -# psdf - DVI to PostScript printer filter -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psdf -# -# Invoked by lpd when user runs lpr -d -# -exec /usr/local/bin/dvips -f | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@" - - This script runs ) with the arguments LPD passed to this script. - More Conversion Filter Examples - -

Since there is no fixed set of steps to install - conversion filters, let me instead provide more - examples. Use these as guidance to making your own - filters. Use them directly, if appropriate. - - This example script is a raster (well, GIF file, - actually) conversion filter for a Hewlett Packard - LaserJet III-Si printer: - -#!/bin/sh -# -# hpvf - Convert GIF files into HP/PCL, then print -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpvf - -PATH=/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH; export PATH - -giftopnm | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm | pbmtolj -resolution 300 \ - && exit 0 \ - || exit 2 - - It works by converting the GIF file into a portable - anymap, converting that into a portable graymap, - converting that into a portable bitmap, and converting - that into LaserJet/PCL-compatible data. - - Here is the /etc/printcap file with an entry for - a printer using the above filter: - -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid -# -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\ - :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf: - - - The following script is a conversion filter for troff - data from the groff typesetting system for the - PostScript printer named -#!/bin/sh -# -# pstf - Convert groff's troff data into PS, then print. -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/pstf -# -exec grops | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@" - - The above script makes use of -#!/bin/sh -# -# pstf - Convert groff's troff data into PS, then print. -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/pstf -# -exec grops - - That is it. Here is the entry we need to add to - /etc/printcap to enable the filter: - - :tf=/usr/local/libexec/pstf: - - - Here is an example that might make old hands at FORTRAN - blush. It is a FORTRAN-text filter for any printer that - can directly print plain text. We will install it for the - printer -#!/bin/sh -# -# hprf - FORTRAN text filter for LaserJet 3si: -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hprf -# - -printf "\033&k2G" && fpr && printf "\f" && exit 0 -exit 2 - - And we will add this line to the /etc/printcap - for the printer - :rf=/usr/local/libexec/hprf: - - - Here is one final, somewhat complex example. We will add a - DVI filter to the LaserJet printer /etc/printcap with the location of the DVI - filter: - - :df=/usr/local/libexec/hpdf: - - - Now, for the hard part: making the filter. For that, we - need a DVI-to-LaserJet/PCL conversion program. The - FreeBSD ports collection (see ) has one: /dev/fd/0 for standard input is problematic. - We can get around that problem by linking (symbolically) - a temporary file name (one that ends in /dev/fd/0, thereby forcing /tmp directory - has the sticky bit set. The filter can create the link, - but it will not be able clean up when done and remove it - since the link will belong to a different user. - - Instead, the filter will make the symbolic link in the - current working directory, which is the spooling - directory (specified by the /etc/printcap). This is a perfect place for - filters to do their work, especially since there is - (sometimes) more free disk space in the spooling directory - than under /tmp. - - Here, finally, is the filter: - -#!/bin/sh -# -# hpdf - Print DVI data on HP/PCL printer -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpdf - -PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH; export PATH - -# -# Define a function to clean up our temporary files. These exist -# in the current directory, which will be the spooling directory -# for the printer. -# -cleanup() { - rm -f hpdf$$.dvi -} - -# -# Define a function to handle fatal errors: print the given message -# and exit 2. Exiting with 2 tells LPD to do not try to reprint the -# job. -# -fatal() { - echo "$@" 1>&2 - cleanup - exit 2 -} - -# -# If user removes the job, LPD will send SIGINT, so trap SIGINT -# (and a few other signals) to clean up after ourselves. -# -trap cleanup 1 2 15 - -# -# Make sure we are not colliding with any existing files. -# -cleanup - -# -# Link the DVI input file to standard input (the file to print). -# -ln -s /dev/fd/0 hpdf$$.dvi || fatal "Cannot symlink /dev/fd/0" - -# -# Make LF = CR+LF -# -printf "\033&k2G" || fatal "Cannot initialize printer" - -# -# Convert and print. Return value from dvilj2p does not seem to be -# reliable, so we ignore it. -# -dvilj2p -M1 -q -e- dfhp$$.dvi - -# -# Clean up and exit -# -cleanup -exit 0 - - - Automated Conversion: An Alternative To Conversion Filters - - -

All these conversion filters accomplish a lot for your - printing environment, but at the cost forcing the user - to specify (on the Output Filters - -

The LPD spooling system supports one other type of - filter that we have not yet explored: an output filter. An - output filter is intended for printing plain text only, - like the text filter, but with many simplifications. If - you are using an output filter but no text filter, then - - LPD starts an output filter once for the entire - job instead of once for each file in the job. - - LPD does not make any provision to identify the - start or the end of files within the job for the - output filter. - - LPD does not pass the user's login or host to - the filter, so it is not intended to do accounting. In - fact, it gets only two arguments: - --w - - where - - Do not be seduced by an output filter's simplicity. If - you would like each file in a job to start on a different page - an output filter . Furthermore, an output filter is actually - ) - only. LPD then expects the output filter to - -

The program /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf that comes - with FreeBSD binary distribution is a text filter (input - filter) that can indent output (job submitted with /etc/printcap file. It uses - these values to determine how much text can fit on a page - and how many pages were in a user's job. For more - information on printer accounting, see . - - Header Pages - -

If you have . - - Enabling Header Pages - -

In the , we turned off header pages by specifying - /etc/printcap file. To enable header pages for - a printer, just remove the -#!/bin/sh -# -# hpof - Output filter for Hewlett Packard PCL-compatible printers -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpof - - -printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2 -exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf - - Specify the path to the output filter in the for more information. - - Here is an example /etc/printcap file for the printer - -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid -# -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\ - :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf:\ - :of=/usr/local/libexec/hpof: - - Now, when users print jobs to - for more /etc/printcap. - - Controlling Header Pages - -

By enabling header pages, LPD will produce a -k ll ll -k l l -k l l -k k eeee l l y y -k k e e l l y y -k k eeeeee l l y y -kk k e l l y y -k k e e l l y yy -k k eeee lll lll yyy y - y - y y - yyyy - - - ll - t l i - t l - oooo u u ttttt l ii n nnn eeee -o o u u t l i nn n e e -o o u u t l i n n eeeeee -o o u u t l i n n e -o o u uu t t l i n n e e - oooo uuu u tt lll iii n n eeee - - - - - - - - - -r rrr oooo ssss eeee -rr r o o s s e e -r o o ss eeeeee -r o o ss e -r o o s s e e -r oooo ssss eeee - - - - - - - - Job: outline - Date: Sun Sep 17 11:04:58 1995 - - LPD appends a form feed after this text so the job starts - on a new page (unless you have /etc/printcap). - - If you prefer, LPD can make a /etc/printcap file. - The header page will look like this: - -rose:kelly Job: outline Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995 - - Also by default, LPD prints the header page first, then - the job. To reverse that, specify /etc/printcap. - - Accounting for Header Pages - -

Using LPD's built-in header pages enforces a particular - paradigm when it comes to printer accounting: header pages - must be - Accept LPD's paradigm and make header pages free. - - Install an alternative to LPD, such as LPDng or - PLP. Section tells more - about other spooling software you can substitute for - LPD. - - Write a /etc/printcap. - - Then again, all that might be too much trouble, and - users will certainly appreciate the more generous - system administrator who makes header pages free. - - - Header Pages on PostScript Printers - -

As described above, LPD can generate a plain text header - page suitable for many printers. Of course, PostScript - cannot directly print plain text, so the header page - feature of LPD is useless---or mostly so. - - One obvious way to get header pages is to have every - conversion filter and the text filter generate the header - page. The filters should should use the user and host - arguments to generate a suitable header page. The - drawback of this method is that users will always get a - header page, even if they submit jobs with -#!/bin/sh -# -# make-ps-header - make a PostScript header page on stdout -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header -# - -# -# These are PostScript units (72 to the inch). Modify for A4 or -# whatever size paper you are using: -# -page_width=612 -page_height=792 -border=72 - -# -# Check arguments -# -if [ $# -ne 3 ]; then - echo "Usage: `basename $0` " 1>&2 - exit 1 -fi - -# -# Save these, mostly for readability in the PostScript, below. -# -user=$1 -host=$2 -job=$3 -date=`date` - -# -# Send the PostScript code to stdout. -# -exec cat < - Now, each of the conversion filters and the text filter - can call this script to first generate the header page, - and then print the user's job. Here is the DVI conversion - filter from earlier in this document, modified to make a - header page: - -#!/bin/sh -# -# psdf - DVI to PostScript printer filter -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psdf -# -# Invoked by lpd when user runs lpr -d -# - -orig_args="$@" - -fail() { - echo "$@" 1>&2 - exit 2 -} - -while getopts "x:y:n:h:" option; do - case $option in - x|y) ;; # Ignore - n) login=$OPTARG ;; - h) host=$OPTARG ;; - *) echo "LPD started `basename $0` wrong." 1>&2 - exit 2 - ;; - esac -done - -[ "$login" ] || fail "No login name" -[ "$host" ] || fail "No host name" - -( /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header $login $host "DVI File" - /usr/local/bin/dvips -f ) | eval /usr/local/libexec/lprps $orig_args - - Notice how the filter has to parse the argument list in - order to determine the user and host name. The parsing - for the other conversion filters is identical. The text - filter takes a slightly different set of arguments, though - (see section ). - - As we have mentioned before, the above scheme, though fairly - simple, disables the ``suppress header page'' option (the - : write an output - filter that parses the LPD-generated header page and - produces a PostScript version. If the user submits the - job with Networked Printing - -

FreeBSD supports networked printing: sending jobs to - remote printers. Networked printing generally refers to two - different things: - - Accessing a printer attached to a remote host. You - install a printer that has a conventional serial or - parallel interface on one host. Then, you set up LPD to - enable access to the printer from other hosts on the - network. Section tells how to - do this. - - Accessing a printer attached directly to a network. - The printer has a network interface in addition (or in - place of) a more conventional serial or parallel - interface. Such a printer might work as follows: - - - It might understand the LPD protocol and can - even queue jobs from remote hosts. In this case, it - acts just like a regular host running LPD. Follow - the same procedure in section to set up such a - printer. - - It might support a data stream network - connection. In this case, you ``attach'' the - printer to one host on the network by making that - host responsible for spooling jobs and sending them - to the printer. Section gives some - suggestions on installing such printers. - - - - Printers Installed on Remote Hosts - -

The LPD spooling system has built-in support for sending - jobs to other hosts also running LPD (or are compatible - with LPD). This feature enables you to install a printer - on one host and make it accessible from other hosts. It - also works with printers that have network interfaces that - understand the LPD protocol. - - To enable this kind of remote printing, first install a - printer on one host, the . Do any - advanced setup in that you need. Make sure - to test the printer and see if it works with the features - of LPD you have enabled. - - If you are using a printer with a network interface that is - compatible with LPD, then the /etc/printcap - files with the following: - - Name the entry anything you want. For - simplicity, though, you probably want to use the same - name and aliases as on the printer host. - - Leave the Make a spooling directory and specify its - location in the Place the name of the printer host in the Place the printer name on the - That is it. You do not need to list conversion filters, - page dimensions, or anything else in the - /etc/printcap file. - - Here is an example. The host rose has two printers, - /etc/printcap file for orchid (back from section - ). It already had the entry - for the printer -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid - added (remote) printers on rose -# - -# -# teak is local; it is connected directly to orchid: -# -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\ - :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\ - :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp: - -# -# rattan is connected to rose; send jobs for rattan to rose: -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan: - -# -# bamboo is connected to rose as well: -# -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo: - - Then, we just need to make spooling directories on orchid: - -mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo -chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo -chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - - - Now, users on orchid can print to -lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi - - the LPD system on orchid would copy the job to the - spooling directory /var/spool/lpd/bamboo and note - that it was a DVI job. As soon as the host rose has room - in its Printers with Networked Data Stream Interfaces - -

Often, when you buy a network interface card for a - printer, you can get two versions: one which emulates a - spooler (the more expensive version), or one which just - lets you send data to it as if you were using a serial or - parallel port (the cheaper version). This section tells - how to use the cheaper version. For the more expensive - one, see the previous section . - - The format of the /etc/printcap file lets you - specify what serial or parallel interface to use, and (if - you are using a serial interface), what baud rate, whether - to use flow control, delays for tabs, conversion of - newlines, and more. But there is no way to specify a - connection to a printer that is listening on a TCP/IP or - other network port. - - To send data to a networked printer, you need to develop a - communications program that can be called by the text and - conversion filters. Here is one such example: the script - -#!/usr/bin/perl -# -# netprint - Text filter for printer attached to network -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/netprint -# - -$#ARGV eq 1 || die "Usage: $0 "; - -$printer_host = $ARGV[0]; -$printer_port = $ARGV[1]; - -require 'sys/socket.ph'; - -($ignore, $ignore, $protocol) = getprotobyname('tcp'); -($ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $address) - = gethostbyname($printer_host); - -$sockaddr = pack('S n a4 x8', &AF_INET, $printer_port, $address); - -socket(PRINTER, &PF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, $protocol) - || die "Can't create TCP/IP stream socket: $!"; -connect(PRINTER, $sockaddr) || die "Can't contact $printer_host: $!"; -while () { print PRINTER; } -exit 0; - - We can then use this script in various filters. Suppose - we had a Diablo 750-N line printer connected to the - network. The printer accepts data to print on port number - 5100. The host name of the printer is scrivener. Here is - the text filter for the printer: - -#!/bin/sh -# -# diablo-if-net - Text filter for Diablo printer `scrivener' listening -# on port 5100. Installed in /usr/local/libexec/diablo-if-net -# - -exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf "$@" | /usr/local/libexec/netprint scrivener 5100 - - - - Restricting Printer Usage - -

This section gives information on restricting printer - usage. The LPD system lets you control who can access a - printer, both locally or remotely, whether they can print - multiple copies, how large their jobs can be, and how large - the printer queues can get. - - Restricting Multiple Copies - -

The LPD system makes it easy for users to print multiple - copies of a file. Users can print jobs with /etc/printcap file. When users submit jobs - with the -lpr: multiple copies are not allowed - - - Note that if you have set up access to a printer remotely - (see section ), you need the - /etc/printcap - files as well, or else users will still be able to submit - multiple-copy jobs by using another host. - - Here is an example. This is the /etc/printcap - file for the host rose. The printer -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - restrict multiple copies on bamboo -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - Now, we also need to add the /etc/printcap (and while we are at - it, let us disable multiple copies for the printer - -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid - no multiple copies for local -# printer teak or remote printer bamboo - -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:sc:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\ - :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\ - :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp: - -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc: - - By using the -lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign - - There are many ways to prevent this abuse (including - ignoring it) which you are free to explore. - - Restricting Access To Printers - -

You can control who can print to what printers by using - the UNIX group mechanism and the /etc/printcap. Just place the users you want to - have access to a printer in a certain group, and then name - that group in the -lpr: Not a member of the restricted group - - if they try to print to the controlled printer. - - As with the ). - - For example, we will let anyone access the printer - /etc/printcap - for host rose: - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - restricted group for bamboo -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - Let us leave the other example /etc/printcap file - (for the host orchid) alone. Of course, anyone on orchid - can print to Controlling Sizes of Jobs Submitted - -

If you have many users accessing the printers, you - probably need to put an upper limit on the sizes of the - files users can submit to print. After all, there is only - so much free space on the filesystem that houses the - spooling directories, and you also need to make sure - there is room for the jobs of other users. - - LPD enables you to limit the maximum byte size a file in a - job can be with the -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose -# - -# -# No limit on job size: -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -# -# Limit of five megabytes: -# -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - Again, the limits apply to the local users only. If - you have set up access to your printers remotely, remote - users will not get those limits. You will need to specify the - /etc/printcap - files as well. See section for - more information on remote printing. - - There is another specialized way to limit job sizes from - remote printers; see section . - - Restricting Jobs from Remote Printers - -

The LPD spooling system provides several ways to restrict - print jobs submitted from remote hosts: - - - /etc/hosts.equiv and /etc/hosts.lpd. - LPD checks to see if an incoming request is from a - host listed in either one of these files. If not, LPD - refuses the request. - - The format of these files is simple: one host name per - line. Note that the file /etc/hosts.equiv is - also used by the ruserok(3) protocol, and affects - programs like /etc/hosts.lpd file - on the host rose: - -orchid -violet -madrigal.fishbaum.de - - This means rose will accept requests from the hosts - orchid, violet, and madrigal.fishbaum.de. If any - other host tries to access rose's LPD, LPD will - refuse them. - - /etc/printcap to find the spooling directory - for this printer; here is -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:mx#5000:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - The spooling directory is the given in the -echo 6144 > /var/spool/lpd/bamboo/minfree - - /etc/printcap. When /usr/bin/false. - - - Accounting for Printer Usage - -

So, you need to charge for printouts. And why not? Paper - and ink cost money. And then there are maintenance - costs---printers are loaded with moving parts and tend to - break down. You have examined your printers, usage patterns, - and maintenance fees and have come up with a per-page (or - per-foot, per-meter, or per-whatever) cost. Now, how do you - actually start accounting for printouts? - - Well, the bad news is the LPD spooling system does not - provide much help in this department. Accounting is highly - dependent on the kind of printer in use, the formats being - printed, and . - - Generally, there are two ways to do accounting: - - - - The LPD spooling system supports both methods easily: since - you have to provide the filters (well, most of the time), - you also have to provide the accounting code. But there is - a bright side: you have enormous flexibility in your - accounting methods. For example, you choose whether to use - periodic or timely accounting. You choose what information - to log: user names, host names, job types, pages printed, - square footage of paper used, how long the job took to - print, and so forth. And you do so by modifying the filters - to save this information. - - Quick and Dirty Printer Accounting - -

FreeBSD comes with two programs that can get you set up - with simple periodic accounting right away. They are the - text filter , and - ), LPD - starts the text and the conversion filters with the name - of the accounting file to use on the filter command - line. The filters can use this argument to know where - to write an accounting file entry. The name of this - file comes from the /etc/printcap, and if not specified as an - absolute path, is relative to the spooling directory. - - LPD starts - 2.00 rose:andy - 3.00 rose:kelly - 3.00 orchid:mary - 5.00 orchid:mary - 2.00 orchid:zhang - - You should use a separate accounting file for each - printer, as /etc/printcap. - Then, each accounting file will be in the spooling directory - for a printer, in a file named - Login pages/feet runs price -orchid:kelly 5.00 1 $ 0.10 -orchid:mary 31.00 3 $ 0.62 -orchid:zhang 9.00 1 $ 0.18 -rose:andy 2.00 1 $ 0.04 -rose:kelly 177.00 104 $ 3.54 -rose:mary 87.00 32 $ 1.74 -rose:root 26.00 12 $ 0.52 - -total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 - - These are the arguments - /etc/printcap. - - /etc/printcap, or two cents (the - default). You can specify - - In the default summary that - Login pages/feet runs price -andy 2.00 1 $ 0.04 -kelly 182.00 105 $ 3.64 -mary 118.00 35 $ 2.36 -root 26.00 12 $ 0.52 -zhang 9.00 1 $ 0.18 - -total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 - - To compute the dollar amount due, /etc/printcap file - (default of 200, or 2 cents per page). Specify, in - hundredths of cents, the price per page or per foot you - want to charge for printouts in this capability. You can - override this value when you run -pac -p1.50 - - makes each page cost one dollar and fifty cents. You can - really rake in the profits by using this option. - - Finally, running How Can You Count Pages Printed? - -

In order to perform even remotely accurate accounting, - you need to be able to determine how much paper a job - uses. This is the essential problem of printer - accounting. - - For plain text jobs, the problem's not that hard to solve: - you count how many lines are in a job and compare it to - how many lines per page your printer supports. Do not - forget to take into account backspaces in the file which - overprint lines, or long logical lines that wrap onto one - or more additional physical lines. - - The text filter ) - takes into account these things when it does accounting. - If you are writing a text filter which needs to do - accounting, you might want to examine Alternatives to the Standard Spooler - -

If you have been reading straight through this manual, by now - you have learned just about everything there is to know about - the LPD spooling system that comes with FreeBSD. You can - probably appreciate many of its shortcomings, which naturally - leads to the question: ``What other spooling systems are out - there (and work with FreeBSD)?'' - - Unfortunately, I have located only - . There is also a . - - It is quite similar to the BSD LPD spooler, but boasts a - host of features, including: - - Better network support, including built-in support - for networked printers, NIS-maintained printcaps, and - NFS-mounted spooling directories - - Sophisticated queue management, allowing multiple - printers on a queue, transfer of jobs between queues, - and queue redirection - - Remote printer control functions - - Prioritization of jobs - - Expansive security and access options - - - . - - - - Acknowledgments - -

I would like to thank the following people who have assisted in - the development of this document: - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/quotas.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/quotas.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index f1bbcfb..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/quotas.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,208 +0,0 @@ - - - Disk quotas - -

Contributed by &a.mpp;.26 February 1996 - - Quotas are an optional feature of the operating system that allow - you to limit the amount of disk space and/or the number of files - a user, or members of a group, may allocate on a per-file system basis. - This is used most often on timesharing systems where it is desirable - to limit the amount of resources any one user or group of users may - allocate. This will prevent one user from consuming all of - the available disk space. - -Configuring your system to enable disk quotas - -

Before attempting to use disk quotas it is - necessary to make sure that quotas are configured in your kernel. - This is done by adding the following line to your kernel configuration file: - -options QUOTA - - The stock GENERIC kernel does not have this enabled by default, so you - will have to configure, build and install a custom kernel in order to use - disk quotas. Please refer to the - - section for more information on kernel configuration. - -

Next you will need to enable disk quotas in /etc/sysconfig. - This is done by changing the line: - -quotas=NO - -to: - -quotas=YES - - -

Finally you will need to edit /etc/fstab to enable - disk quotas on a per-file system basis. This is where you can - either enable user or group quotas or both for all of your file - systems. - -

To enable per-user quotas on a file system, add the - userquota option to the options field in the - /etc/fstab entry for the file system you want to - to enable quotas on. For example: - -/dev/sd1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota 1 2 - - -

Similarly, to enable group quotas, use the groupquota - option instead of the userquota keyword. To enable both - user and group quotas, change the entry as follows: - -/dev/sd1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2 - - -

By default the quota files are stored in the root directory of the file - system with the names quota.user and quota.group - for user and group quotas respectively. See man fstab for more - information. Even though that man page says that you can specify an - alternate location for the quota files, this is not recommended since - all of the various quota utilities do not seem to handle this - properly. - -

At this point you should reboot your system with your new kernel. - /etc/rc will automatically run the appropriate commands to - create the initial quota files for all of the quotas you enabled - in /etc/fstab, so there is no need to manually create any - zero length quota files. - -

In the normal course of operations you should not be required - to run the quotacheck, quotaon, or quotaoff - commands manually. However, you may want to read their man pages - just to be familiar with their operation. - -Setting quota limits - -

Once you have configured your system to enable quotas, verify that - they really are enabled. An easy way to do this is to run - quota -v. You should see a one line summary of disk - usage and current quota limits for each file system that - quotas are enabled on. - -

You are now ready to start assigning quota limits - with the edquota command. - -

You have several options on how to enforce limits on the amount of - disk space a user or group may allocate, and how many files they may create. - You may limit allocations based on disk space (block quotas) or - number of files (inode quotas) or a combination of both. - Each of these limits are further broken down into two categories: hard and - soft limits. - -

A hard limit may not be exceeded. Once a user reaches their hard - limit they may not make any further allocations on the file system - in question. For example, if the user has a hard limit of 500 blocks - on a file system and is currently using 490 blocks, the user can only allocate - an additional 10 blocks. Attempting to allocate an additional 11 blocks - will fail. - -

Soft limits on the other hand can be exceeded for a limited amount - of time. This period of time is known as the grace period, which is - one week by default. If a user stays over his or her soft limit longer - than their grace period, the soft limit will turn into a hard limit - and no further allocations will be allowed. When the user drops - back below the soft limit, the grace period will be reset. - -

The following is an example of what you might see when - you run then edquota command. When the edquota - command is invoked, you are placed into the editor specified by the - EDITOR environment variable, or in the vi editor - if the EDITOR variable is not set, to - allow you to edit the quota limits. - -# edquota -u test -Quotas for user test: -/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75) - inodes in use: 7, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60) -/usr/var: blocks in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75) - inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60) - - You will normally see two lines for each file system that has - quotas enabled. One line for the block limits, and one line - for inode limits. Simply change the value you want updated - to modify the quota limit. For example, to raise this users - block limit from a soft limit of 50 and a hard limit of 75 - to a soft limit of 500 and a hard limit of 600, change: - -/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75) - -to: - -/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 500, hard = 600) - - The new quota limits will be in place when you exit the editor. - -

Sometimes it is desirable to set quota limits on a range - of uids. This can be done by use of the -p option - on the edquota command. First, assign the desired - quota limit to a user, and then run - edquota -p protouser startuid-enduid. - For example, if user test has the desired quota - limits, the following command can be used to duplicate - those quota limits for uids 10,000 through 19,999: - -edquota -p test 10000-19999 - - -

The ability to specify uid ranges was added to the system - after 2.1 was released. If you need this feature on a 2.1 - system, you will need to obtain a newer copy of edquota. - -

See man edquota for more detailed information. - -Checking quota limits and disk usage - -

You can use either the quota or the repquota - commands to check quota limits and disk usage. The quota - command can be used to check individual user and group quotas and - disk usage. Only the super-user may examine quotas and usage for - other users, or for groups that they are not a member of. - The repquota command can be used to get a summary of all - quotas and disk usage for file systems with quotas enabled. - -

The following is some sample output from the quota -v - command for a user that has quota limits on two file systems. - - -Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002): - Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace - /usr 65* 50 75 5days 7 50 60 - /usr/var 0 50 75 0 50 60 - - On the /usr file system in the above example this user is - currently 15 blocks over their soft limit of 50 blocks and has 5 days of - their grace period left. Note the asterisk (*) which indicates that - the user is currently over their quota limit. - -

Normally file systems that the user is not using any disk space - on will not show up in the output from the quota command, - even if they have a quota limit assigned for that file system. - The -v option will display those file systems, such as - the /usr/var file system in the above example. - -* Quotas over NFS - -

This section is still under development. - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/relnotes.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/relnotes.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 6c339ca..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/relnotes.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,587 +0,0 @@ - - - - - About the current release - -

FreeBSD is a freely available, full source 4.4BSD-Lite - based release for Intel i386/i486/Pentium/PentiumPro (or - compatible) based PC's. It is based primarily on - software from U.C. Berkeley's CSRG group, with some - enhancements from NetBSD, 386BSD, and the Free Software - Foundation. - - Since our release of FreeBSD 2.0 in January of 95, the - performance, feature set, and stability of FreeBSD has - improved dramatically. The largest change is a - revamped VM system with a merged VM/file buffer cache - that not only increases performance, but reduces - FreeBSD's memory footprint, making a 5MB configuration - a more acceptable minimum. Other enhancements include - full NIS client and server support, transaction TCP - support, dial-on-demand PPP, an improved SCSI - subsystem, early ISDN support, support for FDDI and - Fast Ethernet (100Mbit) adapters, improved support for - the Adaptec 2940 (WIDE and narrow) and many hundreds of - bug fixes. - - We have also taken the comments and suggestions of many - of our users to heart and have attempted to provide - what we hope is a more sane and easily understood - installation process. Your feedback on this - (constantly evolving) process is especially welcome! - - In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a - new ported software collection with hundreds of commonly - sought-after programs. At the beginning of December 96 there were - more than 700 ports ! The list of ports ranges from - http (WWW) servers, to games, languages, editors and - almost everything in between. The entire ports collection - requires only 10MB of storage, all ports being expressed - as ``deltas'' to their original sources. This makes it - much easier for us to update ports, and greatly reduces - the disk space demands made by the older 1.0 ports - collection. To compile a port, you simply change to the - directory of the program you wish to install, type ``make - all'' followed by ``make install'' after successful - compilation and let the system do the rest. The full - original distribution for each port you build is retrieved - dynamically off of CDROM or a local ftp site, so you need - only enough disk space to build the ports you want. - (Almost) every port is also provided as a pre-compiled - "package" which can be installed with a simple command - (pkg_add) by those who do not wish to compile their own - ports from source. - - A number of additional documents which you may find - very helpful in the process of installing and using - FreeBSD may now also be found in the - /usr/share/doc directory on any machine running - FreeBSD 2.1 or later. You may view the - manuals with any HTML capable browser with the - following URLs: - - - The FreeBSD handbook - - - The FreeBSD FAQ - - - - You can also visit the master (and most frequently - updated) copies at . - - The core of FreeBSD does not contain DES code which - would inhibit its being exported outside the United - States. There is an add-on package to the core - distribution, for use only in the United States, that - contains the programs that normally use DES. The - auxiliary packages provided separately can be used by - anyone. A freely (from outside the U.S.) exportable - European distribution of DES for our non-U.S. users - also exists and is described in the . - - If password security for FreeBSD is all you need, and - you have no requirement for copying encrypted passwords - from different hosts (Suns, DEC machines, etc) into - FreeBSD password entries, then FreeBSD's MD5 based - security may be all you require! We feel that our - default security model is more than a match for DES, - and without any messy export issues to deal with. If - you are outside (or even inside) the U.S., give it a - try! - -Since our first release of FreeBSD 1.0 nearly two - years ago, FreeBSD has changed dramatically. Since - release 2.0, FreeBSD has been based on the Berkeley - 4.4BSD-Lite code rather than the Net2 code used for - previous versions. In addition to clearing the legal - issues that surrounded the Net2 code, the port to 4.4 - has also brought in numerous new features, filesystems - and enhanced driver support. - - Since our release of FreeBSD 2.0 in November of 1994, - the performance, feature set, and stability of FreeBSD - has improved dramatically. The largest change is a - revamped Virtual Memory (VM) system with a merged - virtual memory and file buffer cache. This increases - performance while reducing FreeBSD's memory footprint, - making a system with 4 megabytes of RAM a more - acceptable minimum. Other enhancements include full - NIS client and server support, transaction TCP support, - dial on demand PPP, an improved SCSI subsystem, early - support for ISDN, support for FDDI and 100Mbit Fast - Ethernet adapters, improved support for the Adaptec - 2940 and hundreds of bug fixes. - - We have also taken the comments and suggestions of many - of our users to heart and have attempted to provide - what we hope is a more sane and easily understood - installation process. Your feedback on this constantly - evolving process is especially welcome! - - In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a - new ported software collection with some 270 commonly - sought-after programs. The list of ports ranges from - World Wide Web (http) servers, to games, languages, - editors and almost everything in between. The entire - ports collection requires only 10MB of storage because - each port contains only the changes required for the - source code to compile on FreeBSD and the information - necessary to automatically retrieve the original - sources. The original distribution for each port you - build is automatically retrieved off of CD-ROM or a via - anonymous ftp, so you need only enough disk space to - build the ports you want. Each port is also provided - as a pre-compiled package which can be installed with - the pkg_add(1) command for those who do not - wish to compile their own ports from source. See for a more - complete description. - - - - The core of FreeBSD does not contain DES code which - would inhibit its being exported outside the United - States. An add-on package, for use only in the United - States, contains the programs that normally use DES. - The auxiliary packages provided separately can be used - by anyone. A freely exportable European distribution - of DES for our non-U.S. users also exists and is - described in the . If password security for FreeBSD is all you - need, and you have no requirement for copying encrypted - passwords from other hosts using DES into FreeBSD - password entries, then FreeBSD's MD5 based security may - be all you require. We feel that our default security - model is more than a match for DES, and without any - messy export issues to deal with. - - FreeBSD 2.0.5 represents the culmination of 2 years of - work and many thousands of man hours put in by an - international development team. We hope you enjoy it! - - New feature highlights - -

The following features were added or substantially - improved between the release of 2.0 and this 2.0.5 - release. In order to facilitate better - communication, the person, or persons, responsible - for each enhancement is noted. Any questions - regarding the new functionality should be directed to - them first. - - Kernel - -

- - - Merged VM-File Buffer Cache A merged - VM/buffer cache design greatly enhances overall - system performance and makes it possible to do - a number of more optimal memory allocation - strategies that were not possible before. - - Owner: &a.davidg; and &a.dyson; - - Network PCB hash optimization For - systems with a great number of active TCP - connections (WEB and ftp servers, for example), - this greatly speeds up the lookup time required - to match an incoming packet up to its - associated connection. - - Owner: &a.davidg; - - Name cache optimization The name-cache - would cache all files of the same name to the - same bucket, which would put for instance all - ".." entries in the same bucket. We added the - parent directory version to frustrate the hash, - and improved the management of the cache in - various other ways while we were at it. - - Owner: &a.phk; and &a.davidg; - - Less restrictive swap-spaces The need - to compile the names of the swap devices into - the kernel has been removed. Now - swapon(8) will accept any block - devices, up to the maximum number of swap - devices configured in the kernel. - - Owner: &a.phk; and &a.davidg; - - Hard Wired SCSI Devices Prior to - 2.0.5, FreeBSD performed dynamic assignment of - unit numbers to SCSI devices as they were - probed, allowing a SCSI device failure to - possibly change unit number assignment. This - could cause filesystems other disks in the - system to be incorrectly mounted, or not - mounted at all. Hard wiring allows static - allocation of unit numbers (and hence device - names) to scsi devices based on SCSI ID and - bus. SCSI configuration occurs in the kernel - config file. Samples of the configuration - syntax can be found in the scsi(4) man - page or the LINT kernel config file. - - Owner: &a.dufault; - - Sources involved: sys/scsi/* - usr.sbin/config/* - - Slice Support FreeBSD now supports a - slice abstraction which enhances - FreeBSD's ability to share disks with other - operating systems. This support will allow - FreeBSD to inhabit DOS extended partitions. - - Owner: &a.bde; - - Sources involved: sys/disklabel.h - sys/diskslice.h sys/dkbad.h - kern/subr_diskslice.c kern/subr_dkbad.c - i386/isa/diskslice_machdep.c i386/isa/wd.c - scsi/sd.c dev/vn/vn.c - - Support for Ontrack Disk Manager Version 6.0 - Support has been added for disks - which use Ontrack Disk Manager. The fdisk - program does not know about it - however, so make all changes using the install - program on the boot.flp or the Ontrack Disk - Manager tool under MS-DOS. - - Owner: &a.phk; - - Bad144 is back and working Bad144 - works again, though the semantics are slightly - different than before in that the bad-spots are - kept relative to the slice rather than absolute - on the disk. - - Owner: &a.bde; and &a.phk; - - - - New device support - - SCSI and CDROM devices - -

- - Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative) CD-ROM driver - The Matsushita/Panasonic CR-562 and - CR-563 drives are now supported when connected to - a Sound Blaster or 100% compatible host adapter. - Up to four host adapters are supported for a - total of 16 CD-ROM drives. The audio functions - are supported with the Karoke variable speed - playback. - - Owner: &a.uhclem; - - Sources involved: isa/matcd - - Adaptec 2742/2842/2940 SCSI driver The - original 274x/284x driver has evolved - considerably since the 2.0 release of FreeBSD. - We now offer full support for the 2940 series as - well as the Wide models of these cards. The - arbitration bug that caused problems with fast - devices has been corrected and - experimental tagged queuing support has - been added (kernel option - AHC_TAGENABLE). John Aycock has also - released the sequencer code under a Berkeley - style copyright making the driver entirely clean - of the GPL. - - Owner: &a.gibbs; - - Sources involved: isa/aic7770.c pci/aic7870.c - i386/scsi/* sys/dev/aic7xxx/* - - NCR5380/NCR53400 SCSI (ProAudio Spectrum) driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Serge Vakulenko (vak@cronyx.ru) - - Sources involved: isa/ncr5380.c - - Sony CDROM driver Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Mikael Hybsch (micke@dynas.se) - - Sources involved: isa/scd.c - - - - Serial devices - -

- - SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board Driver - Owner: &a.ache; - - Sources involved: isa/rc.c isa/rcreg.h - - Cyclades Cyclom-y Serial Board Driver - Owner: &a.bde; - - Submitted by: Andrew Werple - (andrew@werple.apana.org.au) and Heikki Suonsivu - (hsu@cs.hut.fi) - - Obtained from: NetBSD - - Sources involved: isa/cy.c - - Cronyx/Sigma sync/async serial driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Serge Vakulenko - - Sources involved: isa/cronyx.c - - - - Networking - -

- - Diskless booting Diskless booting in 2.0.5 - is much improved over previous releases. The boot - program is in src/sys/i386/boot/netboot, - and can be run from an MS-DOS system or burned into - an EPROM. WD, SMC, 3COM and Novell ethernet cards - are currently supported. Local swapping is also - supported. - - DEC DC21140 Fast Ethernet driver This - driver supports any of the numerous NICs using the - DC21140 chipset including the 100Mb DEC DE-500-XA - and SMC 9332. - - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Matt Thomas (thomas@lkg.dec.com) - - Sources involved: pci/if_de.c pci/dc21040.h - - - DEC FDDI (DEFPA/DEFEA) driver Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Matt Thomas (thomas@lkg.dec.com) - - Sources involved: pci/if_pdq.c pci/pdq.c - pci/pdq_os.h pci/pdqreg.h - - - 3Com 3c505 (Etherlink/+) NIC driver Owner: - &a.core; - - Submitted by: Dean Huxley (dean@fsa.ca) - - Obtained from: NetBSD - - Sources involved: isa/if_eg.c - - - Fujitsu MB86960A family of NICs driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: M.S. (seki@sysrap.cs.fujitsu.co.jp) - - Sources involved: isa/if_fe.c - - - Intel EtherExpress driver Owner: Rodney - W. Grimes (rgrimes@FreeBSD.org) - - Sources involved: isa/if_ix.c isa/if_ixreg.h - - - 3Com 3c589 driver Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: "HOSOKAWA Tatsumi" - (hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp), Seiji Murata - (seiji@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp) and Noriyuki Takahashi - (hor@aecl.ntt.jp) - - Sources involved: isa/if_zp.c - - - IBM Credit Card Adapter driver Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: "HOSOKAWA Tatsumi" - (hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp), - - Sources involved: isa/pcic.c isa/pcic.h - - - EDSS1 and 1TR6 ISDN interface driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Dietmar Friede - (dfriede@drnhh.neuhaus.de) and Juergen Krause - (jkr@saarlink.de) - - Sources involved: gnu/isdn/* - - - - Miscellaneous drivers - -

- - Joystick driver Owner: &a.jmz; - - Sources involved: isa/joy.c - - National Instruments ``LabPC'' driver Owner: - &a.dufault; - - Sources involved: isa/labpc.c - - WD7000 driver Owner: Olof Johansson - (offe@ludd.luth.se) - - Pcvt Console driver Owner: &a.joerg; - - Submitted by: &a.hm; - - Sources involved: isa/pcvt/* - - BSD-audio emulator for VAT driver Owner: - Amancio Hasty (ahasty@FreeBSD.org) and - &a.pst; - - Sources involved: isa/sound/vat_audio.c - isa/sound/vat_audioio.h - - National Instruments AT-GPIB and AT-GPIB/TNT GPIB driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Fred Cawthorne - (fcawth@delphi.umd.edu) - - Sources involved: isa/gpib.c isa/gpib.h - isa/gpibreg.h - - Genius GS-4500 hand scanner driver Owner: - &a.core; - - Submitted by: Gunther Schadow - (gusw@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de) - - Sources involved: isa/gsc.c isa/gscreg.h - - CORTEX-I Frame Grabber Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Paul S. LaFollette, Jr. ( - - Sources involved: isa/ctx.c isa/ctxreg.h - - - Video Spigot video capture card Owner: Jim - Lowe - - - - Experimental features - -

- - UNIONFS and LFS The unionfs and LFS file - systems are known to be severely broken in FreeBSD - 2.0.5. This is in part due to old bugs that we - have not had time to resolve yet and the need to - update these file systems to deal with the new VM - system. We hope to address these issues in a later - release of FreeBSD. - - iBCS2 Support FreeBSD now supports running - iBCS2 compatible binaries. Currently SCO UNIX 3.2.2 - and 3.2.4, and ISC 2.2 COFF are supported. The iBCS2 - emulator is in its early stages and has not been - extensively tested, but it is functional. Most of - SCO's 3.2.2 binaries work, as does an old - INFORMIX-2.10 for SCO. Further testing is necessary - to complete this project. There is also work under - way for ELF and XOUT loaders, and most of the svr4 - syscall wrappers are written. - - Owner: &a.sos; and &a.sef; - - Sources involved: sys/i386/ibcs2/* and misc - kernel changes. - - - -]]> diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/routing.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/routing.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 4b20bf1..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/routing.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,279 +0,0 @@ - - - - - Gateways and routes - -

Contributed by &a.gryphon;.6 October 1995. - - For one machine to be able to find another, there must be a - mechanism in place to describe how to get from one to the - other. This is called Routing. A ``route'' is a defined - pair of addresses: a destination and a - gateway. The pair indicates that if you are - trying to get to this destination, send along - through this gateway. There are three types of - destinations: individual hosts, subnets, and ``default''. The - ``default route'' is used if none of the other routes - apply. We will talk a little bit more about default routes - later on. There are also three types of gateways: - individual hosts, interfaces (also called ``links''), and - ethernet hardware addresses. - - An example - -

To illustrate different aspects of routing, we will use - the following example which is the output of the command - netstat -r: - - -Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire - -default outside-gw UGSc 37 418 ppp0 -localhost localhost UH 0 181 lo0 -test0 0:e0:b5:36:cf:4f UHLW 5 63288 ed0 77 -10.20.30.255 link#1 UHLW 1 2421 -foobar.com link#1 UC 0 0 -host1 0:e0:a8:37:8:1e UHLW 3 4601 lo0 -host2 0:e0:a8:37:8:1e UHLW 0 5 lo0 => -host2.foobar.com link#1 UC 0 0 -224 link#1 UC 0 0 - - - The first two lines specify the default route (which we - will cover in the next section) and the localhost route. - - The interface (Netif column) that it specifies to use - for localhost is lo0, also known as the - loopback device. This says to keep all traffic for this - destination internal, rather than sending it out over the - LAN, since it will only end up back where it started - anyway. - - The next thing that stands out are the - ``0:e0:...'' addresses. These are ethernet - hardware addresses. FreeBSD will automatically identify any - hosts (test0 in the example) on the local ethernet and - add a route for that host, directly to it over the ethernet - interface, ed0. There is also a timeout - (Expire column) associated with this type of route, - which is used if we fail to hear from the host in a - specific amount of time. In this case the route will be - automatically deleted. These hosts are identified using a - mechanism known as RIP (Routing Information Protocol), - which figures out routes to local hosts based upon a - shortest path determination. - - FreeBSD will also add subnet routes for the local subnet - (10.20.30.255 is the broadcast address for the subnet - 10.20.30, and foobar.com is the domain name - associated with that subnet). The designation link#1 - refers to the first ethernet card in the machine. You will - notice no additional interface is specified for those. - - Both of these groups (local network hosts and local - subnets) have their routes automatically configured by a - daemon called routed. If this is not run, then only - routes which are statically defined (ie. entered - explicitly) will exist. - - The host1 line refers to our host, which it knows by - ethernet address. Since we are the sending host, FreeBSD - knows to use the loopback interface (lo0) rather than - sending it out over the ethernet interface. - - The two host2 lines are an example of what happens - when we use an ifconfig alias (see the section of ethernet - for reasons why we would do this). The => - symbol after the lo0 interface says that not only are - we using the loopback (since this is address also refers to - the local host), but specifically it is an alias. Such - routes only show up on the host that supports the alias; - all other hosts on the local network will simply have a - link#1 line for such. - - The final line (destination subnet 224) deals with - MultiCasting, which will be covered in a another section. - - The other column that we should talk about are the - Flags. Each route has different attributes that are - described in the column. Below is a short table of some of - these flags and their meanings: - - - - - - - Default routes - -

When the local system needs to make a connection to - remote host, it checks the routing table to determine if - a known path exists. If the remote host falls into a - subnet that we know how to reach (Cloned routes), then - the system checks to see if it can connect along that - interface. - - If all known paths fail, the system has one last option: - the default route. This route is a special type - of gateway route (usually the only one present in the - system), and is always marked with a ``c'' in - the flags field. For hosts on a local area network, this - gateway is set to whatever machine has a direct - connection to the outside world (whether via PPP link, or - your hardware device attached to a dedicated data line). - - If you are configuring the default route for a machine - which itself is functioning as the gateway to the outside - world, then the default route will be the gateway machine - at your Internet Service Provider's (ISP) site. - - Let us look at an example of default routes. This is a - common configuration: - -[Local2] <--ether--> [Local1] <--PPP--> [ISP-Serv] <--ether--> [T1-GW] - - - The hosts Local1 and Local2 are at your - site, with the formed being your PPP connection to your - ISP's Terminal Server. Your ISP has a local network at - their site, which has, among other things, the server - where you connect and a hardware device (T1-GW) attached - to the ISP's Internet feed. - - The default routes for each of your machines will be: - - -host default gateway interface ----- --------------- --------- -Local2 Local1 ethernet -Local1 T1-GW PPP - - - A common question is ``Why (or how) would we set the - T1-GW to be the default gateway for Local1, rather than - the ISP server it is connected to?''. - - Remember, since the PPP interface is using an address on - the ISP's local network for your side of the connection, - routes for any other machines on the ISP's local network - will be automatically generated. Hence, you will already - know how to reach the T1-GW machine, so there is no need - for the intermediate step of sending traffic to the ISP - server. - - As a final note, it is common to use the address ``...1'' - as the gateway address for your local network. So (using - the same example), if your local class-C address space - was 10.20.30 and your ISP was using 10.9.9 then the - default routes would be: - - -Local2 (10.20.30.2) --> Local1 (10.20.30.1) -Local1 (10.20.30.1, 10.9.9.30) --> T1-GW (10.9.9.1) - - - Dual homed hosts - -

There is one other type of configuration that we should - cover, and that is a host that sits on two different - networks. Technically, any machine functioning as a - gateway (in the example above, using a PPP connection) - counts as a dual-homed host. But the term is really only - used to refer to a machine that sits on two local-area - networks. - - In one case, the machine as two ethernet cards, each - having an address on the separate subnets. Alternately, - the machine may only have one ethernet card, and be using - ifconfig aliasing. The former is used if two physically - separate ethernet networks are in use, the latter if - there is one physical network segment, but two logically - separate subnets. - - Either way, routing tables are set up so that each subnet - knows that this machine is the defined gateway (inbound - route) to the other subnet. This configuration, with the - machine acting as a Bridge between the two subnets, is - often used when we need to implement packet filtering or - firewall security in either or both directions. - - Routing propagation - -

We have already talked about how we define our routes to - the outside world, but not about how the outside world - finds us. - - We already know that routing tables can be set up so that - all traffic for a particular address space (in our - examples, a class-C subnet) can be sent to a particular - host on that network, which will forward the packets - inbound. - - When you get an address space assigned to your site, your - service provider will set up their routing tables so that - all traffic for your subnet will be sent down your PPP - link to your site. But how do sites across the country - know to send to your ISP? - - There is a system (much like the distributed DNS - information) that keeps track of all assigned - address-spaces, and defines their point of connection to - the Internet Backbone. The ``Backbone'' are the main - trunk lines that carry Internet traffic across the - country, and around the world. Each backbone machine has - a copy of a master set of tables, which direct traffic - for a particular network to a specific backbone carrier, - and from there down the chain of service providers until - it reaches your network. - - It is the task of your service provider to advertise to - the backbone sites that they are the point of connection - (and thus the path inward) for your site. This is known - as route propagation. - - - - Troubleshooting - -

Sometimes, there is a problem with routing propagation, - and some sites are unable to connect to you. Perhaps the - most useful command for trying to figure out where a - routing is breaking down is the traceroute(8) - command. It is equally useful if you cannot seem to make - a connection to a remote machine (ie. ping(8) - fails). - - The traceroute(8) command is run with the name - of the remote host you are trying to connect to. It will - show the gateway hosts along the path of the attempt, - eventually either reaching the target host, or - terminating because of a lack of connection. - - For more information, see the manual page for - traceroute(8). - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/russian.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/russian.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 32b4b02..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/russian.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,195 +0,0 @@ - - - -Russian Language (KOI8-R encoding) -

Contributed by &a.ache; -1 May 1997. -

See more info about KOI8-R encoding at -. - -Console Setup -

- -Russian console entry in /etc/rc.conf should looks like - -keymap=ru.koi8-r -keychange="61 ^[[K" -scrnmap=koi8-r2cp866 -font8x16=cp866b-8x16 -font8x14=cp866-8x14 -font8x8=cp866-8x8 - -

-NOTE: ^[ means that real ESC character must be entered into -/etc/rc.conf, -not just ^[ string. -

-This tuning means KOI8-R keyboard with Alternative -screen font mapped to KOI8-R encoding to -preserve pseudographics, Gray Delete key remapped to match Russian -termcap(5) entry for FreeBSD console. -

-RUS/LAT switch will be CapsLock. Old CapsLock function still -available via Shift+CapsLock. CapsLock LED will -indicate RUS mode, not CapsLock mode. - -For each ttyv? entry in /etc/ttys -change terminal type from cons25 to -cons25r, i.e. each entry should looks like - -ttyv0 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25r on secure - - - -Locale Setup -

-The best way is using /etc/login.conf -russian user's login class -in passwd(5) entry login class position. -See login.conf(5) for details. - -Login Class Method -

-First of all check your /etc/login.conf have -russian login class, this entry may looks like: - -russian:Russian Users Accounts:\ - :charset=KOI8-R:\ - :lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:\ - :tc=default: - - -How to do it with vipw(8) -

-If you use vipw(8) for adding new users, -/etc/master.passwd -entry should looks like: - -user:password:1111:11:russian:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/csh - - -How to do it with adduser(8) -

-If you use adduser(8) for adding new users: - -Set - -defaultclass = russian - -in /etc/adduser.conf -(you must enter default class for all non-Russian -users in this case); - - -Alternative variant will be answering russian -each time when you see - -Enter login class: default []: - -prompt from adduser(8); - - -Another variant: call - -# adduser -class russian - -for each Russian user you want to add. - - -How to do it with pw(8) -

-If you use pw(8) for adding new users, call it in this form: - -# pw useradd user_name -L russian - - -Shell Startup Files Method -

-If you don't want to use - -for some reasons, just set -this - -in the following shell startup files: - -/etc/profile: - -LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG -MM_CHARSET=KOI8-R; export MM_CHARSET - - -/etc/csh.login: - -setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R -setenv MM_CHARSET KOI8-R - - -

-Alternatively you can add this instructions to - -/usr/share/skel/dot.profile: -

-(similar to /etc/profile above); - -/usr/share/skel/dot.login: -

-(similar to /etc/csh.login above). - - -X Window Setup -

-Step by step instructions: - -Do - first as described. -

-NOTE:

-Check find "Files" section in your /etc/XF86Config, -following lines must be before any other FontPath entries: - - FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/misc" - FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/75dpi" - FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi" - -

-If you use high resolution video mode, swap 75 dpi and -100 dpi lines. - -To activate Russian keyboard add - - XkbKeymap "xfree86(ru)" - -line into "Keyboard" section in your /etc/XF86Config, -also make sure that XkbDisable is turned off (commented out) -there. -

-RUS/LAT switch will be CapsLock. Old CapsLock function still -available via Shift+CapsLock (in LAT mode only). -

-NOTE: -Russian XKB keyboard may not work with old XFree86 versions, -see for more info. - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/scsi.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/scsi.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index a0d2ee1..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/scsi.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,891 +0,0 @@ - - - - - What is SCSI? - -

Copyright © 1995, &a.wilko;.July 6, 1996. - - SCSI is an acronym for Small Computer Systems Interface. It is an - ANSI standard that has become one of the leading I/O buses in the - computer industry. The foundation of the SCSI standard was laid by - Shugart Associates (the same guys that gave the world the first - mini floppy disks) when they introduced the SASI bus (Shugart Associates - Standard Interface). - - After some time an industry effort was started to come to a more strict - standard allowing devices from different vendors to work together. - This effort was recognized in the ANSI SCSI-1 standard. The SCSI-1 - standard (approx 1985) is rapidly becoming obsolete. The current - standard is SCSI-2 (see ), with SCSI-3 on the drawing boards. - - In addition to a physical interconnection standard, SCSI defines a - logical (command set) standard to which disk devices must adhere. - This standard is called the Common Command Set (CCS) and was - developed more or less in parallel with ANSI SCSI-1. SCSI-2 - includes the (revised) CCS as part of the standard itself. The - commands are dependent on the type of device at hand. It does not - make much sense of course to define a Write command for a - scanner. - - The SCSI bus is a parallel bus, which comes in a number of - variants. The oldest and most used is an 8 bit wide bus, with - single-ended signals, carried on 50 wires. (If you do not know what - single-ended means, do not worry, that is what this document is all - about.) Modern designs also use 16 bit wide buses, with - differential signals. This allows transfer speeds of - 20Mbytes/second, on cables lengths of up to 25 meters. SCSI-2 - allows a maximum bus width of 32 bits, using an additional cable. - Quickly emerging are Ultra SCSI (also called Fast-20) and Ultra2 - (also called Fast-40). Fast-20 is 20 mega-transfers per second - (20 Mbytes/sec on a 8 bit bus), Fast-40 is 40 mega-transfers per - second (40 Mbytes/sec on a 8 bit bus). - - Of course the SCSI bus not only has data lines, but also a number - of control signals. A very elaborate protocol is part of the - standard to allow multiple devices to share the bus in an efficient - manner. In SCSI-2, the data is always checked using a separate - parity line. In pre-SCSI-2 designs parity was optional. - - In SCSI-3 even faster bus types are introduced, along with a serial - SCSI busses that reduces the cabling overhead and allows a higher - maximum bus length. You might see names like SSA and Fiberchannel - in this context. None of the serial buses are currently in widespread - use (especially not in the typical FreeBSD environment). For - this reason the serial bus types are not discussed any further. - - As you could have guessed from the description above, SCSI devices - are intelligent. They have to be to adhere to the SCSI standard - (which is over 2 inches thick BTW). So, for a hard disk drive for - instance you do not specify a head/cylinder/sector to address a - particular block, but simply the number of the block you want. - Elaborate caching schemes, automatic bad block replacement etc - are all made possible by this 'intelligent device' approach. - - On a SCSI bus, each possible pair of devices can communicate. Whether - their function allows this is another matter, but the standard does - not restrict it. To avoid signal contention, the 2 devices have to - arbitrate for the bus before using it. - - The philosophy of SCSI is to have a standard that allows - older-standard devices to work with newer-standard ones. So, an - old SCSI-1 device should normally work on a SCSI-2 bus. I say - Normally, because it is not absolutely sure that the implementation - of an old device follows the (old) standard closely enough to be - acceptable on a new bus. Modern devices are usually more - well-behaved, because the standardization has become more strict - and is better adhered to by the device manufacturers. - - Generally speaking, the chances of getting a working set of - devices on a single bus is better when all the devices are SCSI-2 - or newer. This implies that you do not have to dump all your old - stuff when you get that shiny 2Gb disk: I own a system on which a - pre-SCSI-1 disk, a SCSI-2 QIC tape unit, a SCSI-1 helical scan - tape unit and 2 SCSI-1 disks work together quite happily. From - a performance standpoint you might want to separate your older - and newer (=faster) devices however. - - Components of SCSI -

- - As said before, SCSI devices are smart. The idea is to put the - knowledge about intimate hardware details onto the SCSI device - itself. In this way, the host system does not have to worry - about things like how many heads are hard disks has, or how many - tracks there are on a specific tape device. If you are curious, - the standard specifies commands with which you can query your - devices on their hardware particulars. FreeBSD uses this - capability during boot to check out what devices are connected - and whether they need any special treatment. - - The advantage of intelligent devices is obvious: the device - drivers on the host can be made in a much more generic fashion, - there is no longer a need to change (and qualify!) drivers for - every odd new device that is introduced. - - - For cabling and connectors there is a golden rule: get good - stuff. With bus speeds going up all the time you will save - yourself a lot of grief by using good material. - - So, gold plated connectors, shielded cabling, sturdy connector - hoods with strain reliefs etc are the way to go. Second golden - rule: do no use cables longer than necessary. I once spent 3 days - hunting down a problem with a flaky machine only to discover that - shortening the SCSI bus by 1 meter solved the problem. And the - original bus length was well within the SCSI specification. - - SCSI bus types -

- From an electrical point of view, there are two incompatible bus - types: single-ended and differential. This means that there are - two different main groups of SCSI devices and controllers, which - cannot be mixed on the same bus. It is possible however to use - special converter hardware to transform a single-ended bus into a - differential one (and vice versa). The differences between the - bus types are explained in the next sections. - - In lots of SCSI related documentation there is a sort of jargon - in use to abbreviate the different bus types. A small list: - - - FWD: Fast Wide Differential - FND: Fast Narrow Differential - SE: Single Ended - FN: Fast Narrow - etc. - - - With a minor amount of imagination one can usually imagine what - is meant. - - Wide is a bit ambiguous, it can indicate 16 or 32 bit buses. As - far as I know, the 32 bit variant is not (yet) in use, so wide - normally means 16 bit. - - Fast means that the timing on the bus is somewhat different, so - that on a narrow (8 bit) bus 10 Mbytes/sec are possible instead - of 5 Mbytes/sec for 'slow' SCSI. As discussed before, bus - speeds of 20 and 40 megatransfers/second are also emerging - (Fast-20 == Ultra SCSI and Fast-40 == Ultra2 SCSI). - - It should be noted that the data lines > 8 are only used for - data transfers and device addressing. The transfers of commands - and status messages etc are only performed on the lowest 8 - data lines. The standard allows narrow devices to operate on - a wide bus. The usable bus width is negotiated - between the devices. You have to watch your device addressing - closely when mixing wide and narrow. - - Single ended buses -

- A single-ended SCSI bus uses signals that are either 5 Volts or - 0 Volts (indeed, TTL levels) and are relative to a COMMON - ground reference. A singled ended 8 bit SCSI bus has - approximately 25 ground lines, who are all tied to a single - `rail' on all devices. A standard single ended bus has a - maximum length of 6 meters. If the same bus is used with - fast-SCSI devices, the maximum length allowed drops to 3 - meters. Fast-SCSI means that instead of 5Mbytes/sec the bus - allows 10Mbytes/sec transfers. - - Fast-20 (Ultra SCSI) and Fast-40 allow for 20 and 40 - megatransfers/second respectively. So, F20 is 20 Mbytes/second - on a 8 bit bus, 40 Mbytes/second on a 16 bit bus etc. - For F20 the max bus length is 1.5 meters, for F40 it - becomes 0.75 meters. Be aware that F20 is pushing - the limits quite a bit, so you will quickly find out if your - SCSI bus is electrically sound. - - Please note that this means that - if some devices on your bus use 'fast' to communicate your - bus must adhere to the length restrictions for fast buses! - - It is obvious that with the newer fast-SCSI devices the - bus length can become a real bottleneck. This is why the - differential SCSI bus was introduced in the SCSI-2 standard. - - For connector pinning and connector types please refer to the - SCSI-2 standard (see ) itself, connectors etc are listed there in - painstaking detail. - - Beware of devices using non-standard cabling. For instance - Apple uses a 25pin D-type connecter (like the one on serial - ports and parallel printers). Considering - that the official SCSI bus needs 50 pins you can imagine - the use of this connector needs some 'creative cabling'. - The reduction of the number of ground wires they used - is a bad idea, you better stick to 50 pins cabling - in accordance with the SCSI standard. For Fast-20 and 40 - do not even think about buses like this. - - Differential buses -

- A differential SCSI bus has a maximum length of 25 - meters. Quite a difference from the 3 meters for a single-ended - fast-SCSI bus. The idea behind differential signals is that - each bus signal has its own return wire. So, each signal is - carried on a (preferably twisted) pair of wires. The voltage - difference between these two wires determines whether the - signal is asserted or de-asserted. To a certain extent the - voltage difference between ground and the signal wire pair is - not relevant (do not try 10 kVolts though). - - It is beyond the scope of this document to explain why this - differential idea is so much better. Just accept that - electrically seen the use of differential signals gives a much - better noise margin. You will normally find differential buses - in use for inter-cabinet connections. Because of the lower cost - single ended is mostly used for shorter buses like inside - cabinets. - - There is nothing that stops you from using differential stuff - with FreeBSD, as long as you use a controller that has device - driver support in FreeBSD. As an example, Adaptec marketed the - AHA1740 as a single ended board, whereas the AHA1744 was differential. - The software interface to the host is identical for both. - - Terminators -

- Terminators in SCSI terminology are resistor networks that are - used to get a correct impedance matching. Impedance matching - is important to get clean signals on the bus, without - reflections or ringing. If you once made a long distance - telephone call on a bad line you probably know what reflections - are. With 20Mbytes/sec traveling over your SCSI bus, you - do not want signals echoing back. - - Terminators come in various incarnations, with more or less - sophisticated designs. Of course, there are internal and - external variants. Almost every SCSI device comes with a - number of sockets in which a number of resistor networks can - (must be!) installed. If you remove terminators from a device, - carefully store them. You will need them when you ever decide to - reconfigure your SCSI bus. There is enough variation in even - these simple tiny things to make finding the exact replacement - a frustrating business. There are also SCSI devices that have - a single jumper to enable or disable a built-in terminator. - There are special terminators you can stick onto a flat cable - bus. Others look like external connectors, or a connector hood - without a cable. So, lots of choice as you can see. - - There is much debate going on if and when you should switch - from simple resistor (passive) terminators to active - terminators. Active terminators contain slightly more elaborate - circuit to give cleaner bus signals. The general consensus - seems to be that the usefulness of active termination increases - when you have long buses and/or fast devices. If you ever have - problems with your SCSI buses you might consider trying an - active terminator. Try to borrow one first, they reputedly are - quite expensive. - - Please keep in mind that terminators for differential and - single-ended buses are not identical. You should not - mix the two variants. - - OK, and now where should you install your terminators? This is - by far the most misunderstood part of SCSI. And it is by far - the simplest. The rule is: every SCSI bus has 2 (two) - terminators, one at each end of the bus. So, two and not - one or three or whatever. Do yourself a favor and stick to - this rule. It will save you endless grief, because wrong - termination has the potential to introduce highly mysterious - bugs. - - A common pitfall is to have an internal (flat)cable in a - machine and also an external cable attached to the - controller. It seems almost everybody forgets to remove the - terminators from the controller. The terminator must now be on - the last external device, and not on the controller! In - general, every reconfiguration of a SCSI bus must pay attention - to this. - - What I did myself is remove all terminators from my SCSI - devices and controllers. I own a couple of external - terminators, for both the Centronics-type external cabling and - for the internal flat cable connectors. This makes - reconfiguration much easier. - - On modern devices, sometimes integrated terminators are - used. These things are special purpose integrated circuits that - can be dis/en-abled with a control pin. It is not necessary to - physically remove them from a device. You may find them on - newer host adapters, sometimes they even are software - configurable, using some sort of setup tool. Consult you - documentation! - - Terminator power -

- The terminators discussed in the previous chapter need power to - operate properly. On the SCSI bus, a line is dedicated to this - purpose. So, simple huh? - - Not so. Each device can provide its own terminator power to - the terminator sockets it has on-device. But if you have - external terminators, or when the device supplying the - terminator power to the SCSI bus line is switched off you are - in trouble. - - The idea is that initiators (these are devices that initiate - actions on the bus, a discussion follows) must supply - terminator power. All SCSI devices are allowed (but not - required) to supply terminator power. - - To allow for un-powered devices on a bus, the terminator - power must be supplied to the bus via a diode. This prevents - the backflow of current to un-powered devices. - - To prevent all kinds of nastiness, the terminator power is - usually fused. As you can imagine, fuses might blow. This can, - but does not have to, lead to a non functional bus. If multiple - devices supply terminator power, a single blown fuse will not - put you out of business. A single supplier with a blown fuse - certainly will. Clever external terminators sometimes have a - LED indication that shows whether terminator power is present. - - In newer designs auto-restoring fuses that 'reset' - themselves after some time are sometimes used. - - Device addressing -

- Because the SCSI bus is, ehh, a bus there must be a way to - distinguish or address the different devices connected to it. - - This is done by means of the SCSI or target ID. Each device has - a unique target ID. You can select the ID to which a device - must respond using a set of jumpers, or a dip switch, or - something similar. Consult the documentation of your device for - more information. - - Beware of multiple devices configured to use the same ID. Chaos - normally reigns in this case. A pitfall is that one of the - devices sharing the same ID sometimes even manages to answer - to I/O requests! - - For an 8 bit bus, a maximum of 8 targets is possible. The - maximum is 8 because the selection is done bitwise using the 8 - data lines on the bus. For wide buses this increases to the - number of data lines. - - The higher the SCSI target ID, the higher the priority the - devices has. When it comes to arbitration between devices that - want to use the bus at the same time, the device that has the - highest SCSI ID will win. This also means that the SCSI - host adapter usually uses target ID 7 (for narrow buses). - - For a further subdivision, the standard allows for Logical - Units or LUNs for short. A single target ID may have multiple - LUNs. For example, a tape device including a tape changer may - have LUN 0 for the tape device itself, and LUN 1 for the - tape changer. In this way, the host system can address each of - the functional units of the tape changer as desired. - - Bus layout -

- SCSI buses are linear. So, not shaped like Y-junctions, star - topologies, cobwebs or whatever else people might want to - invent. - - You might notice that the terminator issue discussed earlier - becomes rather hairy if your bus is not linear. - - The electrical characteristics, its noise margins and - ultimately the reliability of it all are tightly related to - linear bus rule. - - Stick to the linear bus rule! - - Using SCSI with FreeBSD -

- About translations, BIOSes and magic... -

- As stated before, you should first make sure that you have a - electrically sound bus. - - When you want to use a SCSI disk on your PC as boot disk, you - must aware of some quirks related to PC BIOSes. The PC BIOS in - its first incarnation used a low level physical interface to the - hard disk. So, you had to tell the BIOS (using a setup tool or a - BIOS built-in setup) how your disk physically looked like. This - involved stating number of heads, number of cylinders, number of - sectors per track, obscure things like precompensation and - reduced write current cylinder etc. - - One might be inclined to think that since SCSI disks are smart - you can forget about this. Alas, the arcane setup issue is still - present today. The system BIOS needs to know how to access your - SCSI disk with the head/cyl/sector method in order to load the - FreeBSD kernel during boot. - - The SCSI host adapter or SCSI controller you have put in your - AT/EISA/PCI/whatever bus to connect your disk therefore has its - own on-board BIOS. During system startup, the SCSI BIOS takes over - the hard disk interface routines from the system BIOS. To fool the - system BIOS, the system setup is normally set to No hard disk - present. Obvious, isn't it? - - The SCSI BIOS itself presents to the system a so called - translated drive. This means that a fake drive table is - constructed that allows the PC to boot the drive. This - translation is often (but not always) done using a pseudo drive - with 64 heads and 32 sectors per track. By varying the number of - cylinders, the SCSI BIOS adapts to the actual drive size. It is - useful to note that 32 * 64 / 2 = the size of your drive in - megabytes. The division by 2 is to get from disk blocks that are - normally 512 bytes in size to Kbytes. - - Right. All is well now?! No, it is not. The system BIOS has - another quirk you might run into. The number of cylinders of a - bootable hard disk cannot be greater than 1024. Using the - translation above, this is a show-stopper for disks greater than - 1 Gb. With disk capacities going up all the time this is causing - problems. - - Fortunately, the solution is simple: just use another - translation, e.g. with 128 heads instead of 32. In most cases new - SCSI BIOS versions are available to upgrade older SCSI host - adapters. Some newer adapters have an option, in the form of a - jumper or software setup selection, to switch the translation the - SCSI BIOS uses. - - It is very important that all operating systems on the - disk use the same translation to get the right idea about - where to find the relevant partitions. So, when installing - FreeBSD you must answer any questions about heads/cylinders - etc using the translated values your host adapter uses. - - Failing to observe the translation issue might lead to - un-bootable systems or operating systems overwriting each - others partitions. Using fdisk you should be able to see - all partitions. - - You might have heard some talk of 'lying' devices? - Older FreeBSD kernels used to report the geometry - of SCSI disks when booting. An example from one of my systems: - - - aha0 targ 0 lun 0: - sd0: 636MB (1303250 total sec), 1632 cyl, 15 head, 53 sec, bytes/sec 512 - - Newer kernels usually do not report this information. e.g. - - (bt0:0:0): "SEAGATE ST41651 7574" type 0 fixed SCSI 2 - sd0(bt0:0:0): Direct-Access 1350MB (2766300 512 byte sectors) - - - Why has this changed? - - This info is retrieved from the SCSI disk itself. Newer disks - often use a technique called zone bit recording. The idea is that - on the outer cylinders of the drive there is more space so more - sectors per track can be put on them. This results in disks that - have more tracks on outer cylinders than on the inner cylinders - and, last but not least, have more capacity. You can imagine that - the value reported by the drive when inquiring about the geometry - now becomes suspect at best, and nearly always misleading. When - asked for a geometry , it is nearly always better to supply the - geometry used by the BIOS, or if the BIOS is never going to know - about this disk, (e.g. it is not a booting disk) to supply a - fictitious geometry that is convenient. - - SCSI subsystem design -

- FreeBSD uses a layered SCSI subsystem. For each different - controller card a device driver is written. This driver - knows all the intimate details about the hardware it - controls. The driver has a interface to the upper layers of the - SCSI subsystem through which it receives its commands and - reports back any status. - - On top of the card drivers there are a number of more generic - drivers for a class of devices. More specific: a driver for - tape devices (abbreviation: st), magnetic disks (sd), cdroms (cd) - etc. In case you are wondering where you can find this stuff, it - all lives in /sys/scsi. See the man pages in section 4 - for more details. - - The multi level design allows a decoupling of low-level bit - banging and more high level stuff. Adding support for another - piece of hardware is a much more manageable problem. - - Kernel configuration -

- Dependent on your hardware, the kernel configuration file must - contain one or more lines describing your host adapter(s). - This includes I/O addresses, interrupts etc. - Consult the man page for your - adapter driver to get more info. Apart from that, check out - /sys/i386/conf/LINT for an overview of a kernel config file. - LINT contains every possible option you can dream of. It - does not imply LINT will actually get you to a - working kernel at all. - - Although it is probably stating the obvious: the kernel config - file should reflect your actual hardware setup. So, interrupts, - I/O addresses etc must match the kernel config file. During - system boot messages will be displayed to indicate whether - the configured hardware was actually found. - - An example loosely based on the FreeBSD 2.0.5-Release kernel config - file LINT with some added comments (between []): - - - -# SCSI host adapters: `aha', `ahb', `aic', `bt', `nca' -# -# aha: Adaptec 154x -# ahb: Adaptec 174x -# ahc: Adaptec 274x/284x/294x -# aic: Adaptec 152x and sound cards using the Adaptec AIC-6360 (slow!) -# bt: Most Buslogic controllers -# nca: ProAudioSpectrum cards using the NCR 5380 or Trantor T130 -# uha: UltraStore 14F and 34F -# sea: Seagate ST01/02 8 bit controller (slow!) -# wds: Western Digital WD7000 controller (no scatter/gather!). -# - -[For an Adaptec AHA274x, 284x etc controller] -controller ahc0 at isa? bio irq ? vector ahcintr # port??? iomem? - -[For an Adaptec AHA174x controller] -controller ahb0 at isa? bio irq ? vector ahbintr - -[For an Ultrastor adapter] -controller uha0 at isa? port "IO_UHA0" bio irq ? drq 5 vector uhaintr - -# Map SCSI buses to specific SCSI adapters -controller scbus0 at ahc0 -controller scbus2 at ahb0 -controller scbus1 at uha0 - -# The actual SCSI devices -disk sd0 at scbus0 target 0 unit 0 [SCSI disk 0 is at scbus 0, LUN 0] -disk sd1 at scbus0 target 1 [implicit LUN 0 if omitted] -disk sd2 at scbus1 target 3 [SCSI disk on the uha0] -disk sd3 at scbus2 target 4 [SCSI disk on the ahb0] -tape st1 at scbus0 target 6 [SCSI tape at target 6] -device cd0 at scbus? [the first ever CDROM found, no wiring] - - - - The example above tells the kernel to look for a ahc (Adaptec 274x) - controller, then for an Adaptec 174x board, and - so on. The lines following the controller specifications - tell the kernel to configure specific devices but - only attach them when they match the target ID and - LUN specified on the corresponding bus. - - Wired down devices get 'first shot' at the unit numbers - so the first non 'wired down' device, is allocated the unit number - one greater than the highest 'wired down' unit number - for that kind of device. - So, if you had a SCSI tape at target ID 2 it would be - configured as st2, as the tape at target ID 6 is wired down - to unit number 1. Note that wired down devices need not - be found - to get their unit number. The unit number for a wired down device - is reserved for that device, even if it is turned off at boot - time. This allows the device to be turned on and brought - on-line at a later time, without rebooting. Notice that a device's - unit number has no relationship with its target ID on - the SCSI bus. - - Below is another example of a kernel config file as used by - FreeBSD version < 2.0.5. The difference with the first example is - that devices are not 'wired down'. 'Wired down' means - that you specify which SCSI target belongs to which device. - - A kernel built to the config file below will attach - the first SCSI disk it finds to sd0, the second disk to sd1 - etc. If you ever removed or added a disk, all other devices - of the same type (disk in this case) would 'move around'. - This implies you have to change /etc/fstab each time. - - Although the old style still works, you - are strongly recommended to use this new feature. - It will save you a lot of grief whenever you shift your - hardware around on the SCSI buses. So, when you re-use - your old trusty config file after upgrading from a - pre-FreeBSD2.0.5.R system check this out. - - -[driver for Adaptec 174x] -controller ahb0 at isa? bio irq 11 vector ahbintr -[for Adaptec 154x] -controller aha0 at isa? port "IO_AHA0" bio irq 11 drq 5 vector ahaintr -[for Seagate ST01/02] -controller sea0 at isa? bio irq 5 iomem 0xc8000 iosiz 0x2000 vector seaintr -controller scbus0 - -device sd0 [support for 4 SCSI harddisks, sd0 up sd3] - -device st0 [support for 2 SCSI tapes] - -[for the cdrom] -device cd0 #Only need one of these, the code dynamically grows - - - - Both examples support SCSI disks. If during boot more - devices of a specific type (e.g. sd disks) are found than are - configured in the booting kernel, the system will simply allocate - more devices, incrementing the unit number starting at the last - number 'wired down'. If there are no 'wired down' devices - then counting starts at unit 0. - - Use man 4 scsi to check for the latest info on the SCSI - subsystem. For more detailed info on host adapter drivers use eg - man 4 aha for info on the Adaptec 154x driver. - - Tuning your SCSI kernel setup -

- Experience has shown that some devices are slow to respond to INQUIRY - commands after a SCSI bus reset (which happens at boot time). - An INQUIRY command is sent by the kernel on boot to see what - kind of device (disk, tape, CDROM etc) is connected to a - specific target ID. This process is called device probing by the way. - - To work around the 'slow response' problem, FreeBSD allows a - tunable delay time - before the SCSI devices are probed following a SCSI bus reset. - You can set this delay time in your kernel configuration file - using a line like: - - -options SCSI_DELAY=15 #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI device - - This line sets the delay time to 15 seconds. On my own system I had to - use 3 seconds minimum to get my trusty old CDROM drive to be recognized. - Start with a high value (say 30 seconds or so) when you have problems - with device recognition. If this helps, tune it back until it just stays - working. - - Rogue SCSI devices -

- Although the SCSI standard tries to be complete and concise, it is - a complex standard and implementing things correctly is no easy task. - Some vendors do a better job then others. - - This is exactly where the 'rogue' devices come into view. Rogues are - devices that are recognized by the FreeBSD kernel as behaving slightly - (...) non-standard. Rogue devices are reported by the kernel when - booting. An example for two of my cartridge tape units: - - -Feb 25 21:03:34 yedi /kernel: ahb0 targ 5 lun 0: -Feb 25 21:03:34 yedi /kernel: st0: Tandberg tdc3600 is a known rogue - -Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: aha0 targ 5 lun 0: -Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue - - - For instance, there are devices that respond to - all LUNs on a certain target ID, even if they are actually only one - device. It is easy to see that the kernel might be fooled into - believing that there are 8 LUNs at that particular target ID. The - confusion this causes is left as an exercise to the reader. - - The SCSI subsystem of FreeBSD recognizes devices with bad habits by - looking at the INQUIRY response they send when probed. Because the - INQUIRY response also includes the version number of the device - firmware, it is even possible that for different firmware versions - different workarounds are used. See e.g. /sys/scsi/st.c and - /sys/scsi/scsiconf.c for more info on how this is done. - - This scheme works fine, but keep in mind that it of course only - works for devices that are KNOWN to be weird. If you are the first - to connect your bogus Mumbletech SCSI CDROM you might be the one - that has to define which workaround is needed. - - After you got your Mumbletech working, please send the required - workaround to the FreeBSD development team for inclusion in the - next release of FreeBSD. Other Mumbletech owners will be grateful - to you. - - Multiple LUN devices -

- In some cases you come across devices that use multiple - logical units (LUNs) on a single SCSI ID. In most cases - FreeBSD only probes devices for LUN 0. An example are - so called bridge boards that connect 2 non-SCSI harddisks - to a SCSI bus (e.g. an Emulex MD21 found in old Sun systems). - - This means that any devices with LUNs != 0 are not normally - found during device probe on system boot. To work around this - problem you must add an appropriate entry in /sys/scsi/scsiconf.c - and rebuild your kernel. - - Look for a struct that is initialised like below: - - { - T_DIRECT, T_FIXED, "MAXTOR", "XT-4170S", "B5A", - "mx1", SC_ONE_LU - } - - - For you Mumbletech BRIDGE2000 that has more than one LUN, - acts as a SCSI disk - and has firmware revision 123 you would add something like: - - - { - T_DIRECT, T_FIXED, "MUMBLETECH", "BRIDGE2000", "123", - "sd", SC_MORE_LUS - } - - - The kernel on boot scans the inquiry data it receives against - the table and acts accordingly. See the source for more info. - - Tagged command queueing -

- Modern SCSI devices, particularly magnetic disks, support - what is called tagged command queuing (TCQ). - - In a nutshell, TCQ allows the device to have multiple I/O - requests outstanding at the same time. Because the device - is intelligent, it can optimise its operations (like - head positioning) based on its own request queue. On - SCSI devices like RAID (Redundant Array of Independent - Disks) arrays the TCQ function is indispensable to take - advantage of the device's inherent parallelism. - - Each I/O request is uniquely identified by a 'tag' (hence - the name tagged command queuing) and this tag is used by - FreeBSD to see which I/O in the device drivers queue is - reported as complete by the device. - - It should be noted however that TCQ requires device driver - support and that some devices implemented it 'not quite - right' in their firmware. This problem bit me once, and - it leads to highly mysterious problems. In such cases, - try to disable TCQ. - - Busmaster host adapters -

- Most, but not all, SCSI host adapters are bus mastering controllers. - This means that they can do I/O on their own without putting load onto - the host CPU for data movement. - - This is of course an advantage for a multitasking operating system like - FreeBSD. It must be noted however that there might be some rough edges. - - For instance an Adaptec 1542 controller can be set to use different - transfer speeds on the host bus (ISA or AT in this case). The controller - is settable to different rates because not all motherboards can handle - the higher speeds. Problems like hangups, bad data etc might be the - result of using a higher data transfer rate then your motherboard - can stomach. - - The solution is of course obvious: switch to a lower data transfer rate - and try if that works better. - - In the case of a Adaptec 1542, there is an option that can be put - into the kernel config file to allow dynamic determination of the - right, read: fastest feasible, transfer rate. This option is - disabled by default: - - -options "TUNE_1542" #dynamic tune of bus DMA speed - - - Check the man pages for the host adapter that you use. Or better - still, use the ultimate documentation (read: driver source). - - Tracking down problems -

- The following list is an attempt to give a guideline for the most - common SCSI problems and their solutions. It is by no means - complete. - - - - Check for loose connectors and cables. - - Check and double check the location and number of your terminators. - - Check if your bus has at least one supplier of terminator power - (especially with external terminators. - - Check if no double target IDs are used. - - Check if all devices to be used are powered up. - - Make a minimal bus config with as little devices as possible. - - If possible, configure your host adapter to use slow bus speeds. - - Disable tagged command queuing to make things as simple as - possible (for a NCR hostadapter based system see man -ncrcontrol) - - If you can compile a kernel, make one with the SCSIDEBUG option, - and try accessing the device with debugging turned on for - that device. If your device does not even probe at startup, - you may have to define the address of the device that - is failing, and the desired debug level in - /sys/scsi/scsidebug.h. - If it probes but just does not work, you can use the - scsi(8) command to dynamically set a debug level to - it in a running kernel (if SCSIDEBUG is defined). - This will give you COPIOUS debugging output with which to confuse - the gurus. see man 4 scsi for more exact information. - Also look at man 8 scsi. - - - Further reading -

- If you intend to do some serious SCSI hacking, you might want to - have the official standard at hand: - - Approved American National Standards can be purchased from ANSI at - 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, Sales Dept: - (212) 642-4900. You can also buy many ANSI standards and most - committee draft documents from Global Engineering Documents, 15 - Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704, Phone: (800) - 854-7179, Outside USA and Canada: (303) 792-2181, FAX: (303) 792- - 2192. - - Many X3T10 draft documents are available electronically on the SCSI - BBS (719-574-0424) and on the ncrinfo.ncr.com anonymous ftp site. - - Latest X3T10 committee documents are: - -AT Attachment (ATA or IDE) [X3.221-1994] (Approved) -ATA Extensions (ATA-2) [X3T10/948D Rev 2i] -Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI) [X3.170-1990/X3.170a-1991] (Approved) -Small Computer System Interface - 2 (SCSI-2) [X3.131-1994] (Approved) -SCSI-2 Common Access Method Transport and SCSI Interface Module (CAM) - [X3T10/792D Rev 11] - - Other publications that might provide you with additional information are: - -"SCSI: Understanding the Small Computer System Interface", written by NCR -Corporation. Available from: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 07632 -Phone: (201) 767-5937 ISBN 0-13-796855-8 - -"Basics of SCSI", a SCSI tutorial written by Ancot Corporation -Contact Ancot for availability information at: -Phone: (415) 322-5322 Fax: (415) 322-0455 - -"SCSI Interconnection Guide Book", an AMP publication (dated 4/93, Catalog -65237) that lists the various SCSI connectors and suggests cabling schemes. -Available from AMP at (800) 522-6752 or (717) 564-0100 - -"Fast Track to SCSI", A Product Guide written by Fujitsu. -Available from: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 07632 -Phone: (201) 767-5937 ISBN 0-13-307000-X - -"The SCSI Bench Reference", "The SCSI Encyclopedia", and the "SCSI Tutor", -ENDL Publications, 14426 Black Walnut Court, Saratoga CA, 95070 -Phone: (408) 867-6642 - -"Zadian SCSI Navigator" (quick ref. book) and "Discover the Power of SCSI" -(First book along with a one-hour video and tutorial book), Zadian Software, -Suite 214, 1210 S. Bascom Ave., San Jose, CA 92128, (408) 293-0800 - - - On Usenet the newsgroups - and - are noteworthy places to look for more info. You can also - find the SCSI-Faq there, which is posted periodically. - - Most major SCSI device and host adapter suppliers operate ftp sites - and/or BBS systems. They may be valuable sources of information - about the devices you own. diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/sections.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/sections.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index dbe1db7..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/sections.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/serial.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/serial.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 90ac6ee..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/serial.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ - - -Serial Basics - -

Assembled from FAQ. - -This section should give you some general information about serial ports. If you do not find what you want here, check into the Terminal and Dialup sections of the handbook. - - -

- The - stty -a -f /dev/ttyd1 - - - When you change the settings to this device, the settings are in - effect until the device is closed. When it is reopened, it goes - back to the default set. To make changes to the default set, you - can open and adjust the settings of the ``initial state'' device. - For example, to turn on XON/XOFF flow control by default for ttyd5, do: - - stty -f /dev/ttyid5 clocal cs8 ixon ixoff - - - A good place to do this is in /etc/rc.serial. Now, an - application will have these settings by default when it opens - - stty -f /dev/ttyld5 57600 - - - Now, an application that opens - - - -Configuring the sio driver - -

The sio driver provides support for NS8250-, - NS16450-, NS16550 and NS16550A-based EIA RS-232C (CCITT - V.24) communications interfaces. Several multiport - cards are supported as well. See the sio(4) - manual page for detailed technical documentation. - -Digi International (DigiBoard) PC/8 - -

Contributed by &a.awebster;.26 August - 1995. - - Here is a config snippet from a machine with - a Digi International PC/8 with 16550. It has 8 modems connected - to these 8 lines, and they work just great. Do not - forget to add options COM_MULTIPORT or it - will not work very well! - - -device sio4 at isa? port 0x100 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio5 at isa? port 0x108 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio6 at isa? port 0x110 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio7 at isa? port 0x118 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio8 at isa? port 0x120 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio9 at isa? port 0x128 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio10 at isa? port 0x130 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio11 at isa? port 0x138 tty flags 0xb05 irq 9 vector siointr - - - The trick in setting this up is that the MSB of the - flags represent the last SIO port, in this case 11 so - flags are 0xb05. - -Boca 16 - -

Contributed by &a.whiteside;.26 August - 1995. - - The procedures to make a Boca 16 pord board with - FreeBSD are pretty straightforward, but you will need - a couple things to make it work: - - - You either need the kernel sources installed - so you can recompile the necessary options or - you will need someone else to compile it for you. - The 2.0.5 default kernel does not come with - multiport support enabled and you will need to add - a device entry for each port anyways. - - Two, you will need to know the interrupt and IO - setting for your Boca Board so you can set these - options properly in the kernel. - - - One important note - the actual UART chips for the - Boca 16 are in the connector box, not on the internal - board itself. So if you have it unplugged, probes of - those ports will fail. I have never tested booting with - the box unplugged and plugging it back in, and I - suggest you do not either. - - If you do not already have a custom kernel - configuration file set up, refer to for - general procedures. The following are the specifics - for the Boca 16 board and assume you are using the - kernel name MYKERNEL and editing with vi. - - - Add the line - -options COM_MULTIPORT - -to the config file. - - - Where the current device sio - xxx lines are, you will need to add - 16 more devices. Only the last device - includes the interrupt vector for the - board. (See the sio(4) manual page - for detail as to why.) - - The following example is for a Boca Board with an - interrupt of 3, and a base IO address 100h. The - IO address for Each port is +8 hexadecimal from - the previous port, thus the 100h, 108h, 110h... - addresses. - - -device sio1 at isa? port 0x100 tty flags 0x1005 -device sio2 at isa? port 0x108 tty flags 0x1005 -device sio3 at isa? port 0x110 tty flags 0x1005 -device sio4 at isa? port 0x118 tty flags 0x1005 -[...] -device sio15 at isa? port 0x170 tty flags 0x1005 -device sio16 at isa? port 0x178 tty flags 0x1005 irq 3 vector siointr - - - The flags entry must be changed from - this example unless you are using the exact same - sio assignments. Flags are set according to - 0xMYY where M indicates the - minor number of the master port (the last port on - a Boca 16) and YY indicates if FIFO is - enabled or disabled(enabled), IRQ sharing is - used(yes) and if there is an AST/4 compatible IRQ - control register(no). - - In this example, - -flags 0x1005 - - - indicates that the master port is sio16. If I - added another board and assigned sio17 through - sio28, the flags for all 16 ports on - that board would be 0x1C05, where 1C - indicates the minor number of the master port. - Do not change the 05 setting. - - Save and complete the kernel configuration, - recompile, install and reboot. - - Presuming you have successfully installed the - recompiled kernel and have it set to the correct - address and IRQ, your boot message should - indicate the successful probe of the Boca ports - as follows: (obviously the sio numbers, IO and - IRQ could be different) - - -sio1 at 0x100-0x107 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio1: type 16550A (multiport) -sio2 at 0x108-0x10f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio2: type 16550A (multiport) -sio3 at 0x110-0x117 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio3: type 16550A (multiport) -sio4 at 0x118-0x11f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio4: type 16550A (multiport) -sio5 at 0x120-0x127 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio5: type 16550A (multiport) -sio6 at 0x128-0x12f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio6: type 16550A (multiport) -sio7 at 0x130-0x137 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio7: type 16550A (multiport) -sio8 at 0x138-0x13f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio8: type 16550A (multiport) -sio9 at 0x140-0x147 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio9: type 16550A (multiport) -sio10 at 0x148-0x14f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio10: type 16550A (multiport) -sio11 at 0x150-0x157 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio11: type 16550A (multiport) -sio12 at 0x158-0x15f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio12: type 16550A (multiport) -sio13 at 0x160-0x167 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio13: type 16550A (multiport) -sio14 at 0x168-0x16f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio14: type 16550A (multiport) -sio15 at 0x170-0x177 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio15: type 16550A (multiport) -sio16 at 0x178-0x17f irq 3 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio16: type 16550A (multiport master) - - - If the messages go by too fast to see, dmesg - > more will show you the boot - messages. - - Next, appropriate entries in /dev for the devices - must be made using the /dev/MAKEDEV - script. After becoming root: - -# cd /dev -# ./MAKEDEV tty1 -# ./MAKEDEV cua1 -(everything in between) -# ./MAKEDEV ttyg -# ./MAKEDEV cuag - - - If you do not want or need callout devices for some - reason, you can dispense with making the cua* - devices. - - If you want a quick and sloppy way to make - sure the devices are working, you can simply plug - a modem into each port and (as root) echo at - > ttyd* for each device you have - made. You should see the RX lights flash - for each working port. - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/skey.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/skey.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index ec80aed..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/skey.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,302 +0,0 @@ - - - - -S/Key - -

Contributed by &a.wollman;25 September 1995. - -

S/Key is a one-time password scheme based on a one-way hash function -(in our version, this is MD4 for compatibility; other versions have -used MD5 and DES-MAC). S/Key has been a standard part of all FreeBSD -distributions since version 1.1.5, and is also implemented on a large -and growing number of other systems. S/Key is a registered trademark -of Bell Communications Research, Inc. - - -

There are three different sorts of passwords which we will talk about -in the discussion below. The first is your usual UNIX-style or Kerberos -password; we will call this a ``UNIX password''. The second sort is the -one-time password which is generated by the S/Key `The secret password does not necessarily have anything to do with your -UNIX password (while they can be the same, this is not recommended). -While UNIX passwords are limited to eight characters in length, your -S/Key secret password can be as long as you like; I use seven-word -phrases. In general, the S/Key system operates completely -independently of the UNIX password system. - -

There are in addition two other sorts of data involved in the S/Key -system; one is called the ``seed'' or (confusingly) ``key'', and -consists of two letters and five digits, and the other is the -``iteration count'' and is a number between 100 and 1. S/Key -constructs a one-time password from these components by concatenating -the seed and the secret password, then applying a one-way hash (the -RSA Data Security, Inc., MD4 secure hash function) iteration-count -times, and turning the result into six short English words. The -`There are four programs involved in the S/Key system which we will -discuss below. The `/etc/skeykeys file and -prints out the invoking user's current iteration count and seed. -Finally, the `There are four different sorts of operations we will cover. The first -is using the `Secure connection initialization - -

To initialize S/Key, change your password, or change your seed while -logged in over a secure connection (e.g., on the console of a machine), -use the ` -$ keyinit -Updating wollman: ) these will not appear if you -Old key: ha73895 ) have not used S/Key before -Reminder - Only use this method if you are directly connected. -If you are using telnet or rlogin exit with no password and use keyinit -s. -Enter secret password: ) I typed my pass phrase here -Again secret password: ) I typed it again - -ID wollman s/key is 99 ha73896 ) discussed below -SAG HAS FONT GOUT FATE BOOM ) - - -

There is a lot of information here. At the `Enter secret password:' -prompt, you should enter some password or phrase (I use phrases of -minimum seven words) which will be needed to generate login keys. The -line starting `ID' gives the parameters of your particular S/Key -instance: your login name, the iteration count, and seed. When -logging in with S/Key, the system will remember these parameters and -present them back to you so you do not have to remember them. The last -line gives the particular one-time password which corresponds to those -parameters and your secret password; if you were to re-login -immediately, this one-time password is the one you would use. - -Insecure connection initialization - -

To initialize S/Key or change your password or seed over an insecure -connection, you will need to already have a secure connection to some -place where you can run the ` -$ keyinit -s -Updating wollman: -Old key: kh94741 -Reminder you need the 6 English words from the skey command. -Enter sequence count from 1 to 9999: 100 ) I typed this -Enter new key [default kh94742]: -s/key 100 kh94742 - - -To accept the default seed (which the `keyinit' program confusingly -calls a `key'), press return. Then move over to your secure -connection or S/Key desk accessory, and give it the same parameters: - - -$ key 100 kh94742 -Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. -Enter secret password: ) I typed my secret password -HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO - - -Now switch back over to the insecure connection, and copy the one-time -password generated by ` -s/key access password: HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO - -ID wollman s/key is 100 kh94742 -HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO - - -The rest of the description from the previous section applies here as -well. - -Diversion: a login prompt - -

Before explaining how to generate one-time passwords, we should go -over an S/Key login prompt: - - -$ telnet himalia -Trying 18.26.0.186... -Connected to himalia.lcs.mit.edu. -Escape character is '^]'. -s/key 92 hi52030 -Password: - - -Note that, before prompting for a password, the login program -prints out the iteration number and seed which you will need in order -to generate the appropriate key. You will also find a useful feature -(not shown here): if you press return at the password prompt, the -login program will turn echo on, so you can see what you are typing. -This can be extremely useful if you are attempting to type in an S/Key -by hand, such as from a printout. - -

If this machine were configured to disallow UNIX passwords over a -connection from my machine, the prompt would have also included the -annotation `(s/key required)', indicating that only S/Key one-time -passwords will be accepted. - -Generating a single one-time password - -

Now, to generate the one-time password needed to answer this login -prompt, we use a trusted machine and the ` -$ key 92 hi52030 ) pasted from previous section -Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. -Enter secret password: ) I typed my secret password -ADEN BED WOLF HAW HOT STUN - - -And in the other window: - - -s/key 92 hi52030 ) from previous section -Password: - (turning echo on) -Password:ADEN BED WOLF HAW HOT STUN -Last login: Wed Jun 28 15:31:00 from halloran-eldar.l -[etc.] - - -This is the easiest mechanism Generating multiple one-time passwords - -

Sometimes we have to go places where no trusted machines or -connections are available. In this case, it is possible to use the -` -$ key -n 25 57 zz99999 -Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. -Enter secret password: -33: WALT THY MALI DARN NIT HEAD -34: ASK RICE BEAU GINA DOUR STAG -[...] -56: AMOS BOWL LUG FAT CAIN INCH -57: GROW HAYS TUN DISH CAR BALM - - -The `Restricting use of UNIX passwords - -

The configuration file /etc/skey.access can be used to -configure restrictions on the use of UNIX passwords based on the host -name, user name, terminal port, or IP address of a login session. The -complete format of the file is documented in the If there is no /etc/skey.access file (which is the default -state as FreeBSD is shipped), then all users will be allowed to use -UNIX passwords. If the file exists, however, then all users will be -required to use S/Key unless explicitly permitted to do otherwise by -configuration statements in the Here is a sample configuration file which illustrates the three most -common sorts of configuration statements: - - -permit internet 18.26.0.0 255.255.0.0 -permit user jrl -permit port ttyd0 - - -The first line (`The second line (`The third line (` - - -Setting up a SLIP client - -

Contributed by &a.asami;8 Aug 1995. - -The following is one way to set up a FreeBSD machine for SLIP on a -static host network. For dynamic hostname assignments (i.e., your -address changes each time you dial up), you probably need to do -something much fancier. - - - -First, determine which serial port your modem is connected to. I have -a symbolic link /dev/modem -> cuaa1, and only use the modem name in my -configuration files. It can become quite cumbersome when you need to -fix a bunch of files in /etc and .kermrc's all over the system! (Note -that /dev/cuaa0 is COM1, cuaa1 is COM2, etc.) - -Make sure you have - -pseudo-device sl 1 - -in your kernel's config file. It is included in the GENERIC kernel, -so this will not be a problem unless you deleted it. - -Things you have to do only once - -

-Add your home machine, the gateway and nameservers to your - /etc/hosts file. Mine looks like this: - -127.0.0.1 localhost loghost -136.152.64.181 silvia.HIP.Berkeley.EDU silvia.HIP silvia - -136.152.64.1 inr-3.Berkeley.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway -128.32.136.9 ns1.Berkeley.edu ns1 -128.32.136.12 ns2.Berkeley.edu ns2 - - By the way, silvia is the name of the car that I had when I was - back in Japan (it is called 2?0SX here in U.S.). - -Make sure you have "hosts" before "bind" in your /etc/host.conf. - Otherwise, funny things may happen. - -Edit the file /etc/sysconfig. - -Set your hostname by editing the line that says: - -hostname=myname.my.domain - - You should give it your full Internet hostname. - -Add sl0 to the list of network interfaces by changing the line -that says: - -network_interfaces="lo0" - -to: - -network_interfaces="lo0 sl0" - - -Set the startup flags of sl0 by adding a line: - -ifconfig_sl0="inet ${hostname} slip-gateway netmask 0xffffff00 up" - - -Designate the default router by changing the line: - -defaultrouter=NO - -to: - -defaultrouter=slip-gateway - - - -Make a file /etc/resolv.conf which contains: - -domain HIP.Berkeley.EDU -nameserver 128.32.136.9 -nameserver 128.32.136.12 - - As you can see, these set up the nameserver hosts. Of course, the - actual domain names and addresses depend on your environment. - -Set the password for root and toor (and any other accounts that - does not have a password). Use passwd, do not edit the /etc/passwd - or /etc/master.passwd files! - -Reboot your machine and make sure it comes up with the correct - hostname. - - -Making a SLIP connection - -

-Dial up, type "slip" at the prompt, enter your machine name and - password. The things you need to enter depends on your - environment. I use kermit, with a script like this: - -# kermit setup -set modem hayes -set line /dev/modem -set speed 115200 -set parity none -set flow rts/cts -set terminal bytesize 8 -set file type binary -# The next macro will dial up and login -define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, - -output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, - -output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, - -output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a - - (of course, you have to change the hostname and password to fit - yours). Then you can just type "slip" from the kermit prompt to - get connected. - - Note: leaving your password in plain text anywhere in the - filesystem is generally a BAD idea. Do it at your own risk. I am - just too lazy. - -Leave the kermit there (you can suspend it by "z") and as root, - type - -slattach -h -c -s 115200 /dev/modem - - if you are able to "ping" hosts on the other side of the router, - you are connected! If it does not work, you might want to try "-a" - instead of "-c" as an argument to slattach. - - -How to shutdown the connection - -

Type "kill -INT `cat /var/run/slattach.modem.pid`" (as root) to - kill slattach. Then go back to kermit ("fg" if you suspended it) - and exit from it ("q"). - - The slattach man page says you have to use "ifconfig sl0 down" to - mark the interface down, but this does not seem to make any - difference for me. ("ifconfig sl0" reports the same thing.) - - Some times, your modem might refuse to drop the carrier (mine - often does). In that case, simply start kermit and quit it again. - It usually goes out on the second try. - -Troubleshooting - -

If it does not work, feel free to ask me. The things that people -tripped over so far: - -Not using "-c" or "-a" in slattach (I have no idea why this can be - fatal, but adding this flag solved the problem for at least one - person) - -Using "s10" instead of "sl0" (might be hard to see the difference on - some fonts). - -Try "ifconfig sl0" to see your interface status. I get: - -silvia# ifconfig sl0 -sl0: flags=10 - inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00 - - -Also, netstat -r will give the routing table, in case you get -the "no route to host" messages from ping. Mine looks like: - -silvia# netstat -r -Routing tables -Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use IfaceMTU Rtt -Netmasks: -(root node) -(root node) - -Route Tree for Protocol Family inet: -(root node) => -default inr-3.Berkeley.EDU UG 8 224515 sl0 - - -localhost.Berkel localhost.Berkeley UH 5 42127 lo0 - 0.438 -inr-3.Berkeley.E silvia.HIP.Berkele UH 1 0 sl0 - - -silvia.HIP.Berke localhost.Berkeley UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 -(root node) - -(this is after transferring a bunch of files, your numbers should be -smaller). - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/slips.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/slips.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index b93be74..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/slips.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,509 +0,0 @@ - - -Setting up a SLIP server -

Contributed by &a.ghelmer;. -v1.0, 15 May 1995. - -This document provides suggestions for setting up SLIP Server services -on a FreeBSD system, which typically means configuring your system to -automatically startup connections upon login for remote SLIP clients. -The author has written this document based on his experience; -however, as your system and needs may be different, this document may -not answer all of your questions, and the author cannot be responsible -if you damage your system or lose data due to attempting to follow the -suggestions here. - -This guide was originally written for SLIP Server services on a -FreeBSD 1.x system. It has been modified to reflect changes in the -pathnames and the removal of the SLIP interface compression flags in -early versions of FreeBSD 2.X, which appear to be the only major -changes between FreeBSD versions. If you do encounter mistakes in -this document, please email the author with enough information to -help correct the problem. - -Prerequisites

-This document is very technical in nature, so background knowledge is -required. It is assumed that you are familiar with the TCP/IP network -protocol, and in particular, network and node addressing, network -address masks, subnetting, routing, and routing protocols, such as -RIP. Configuring SLIP services on a dial-up server requires a -knowledge of these concepts, and if you are not familiar with them, -please read a copy of either Craig Hunt's TCP/IP Network -Administration published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. (ISBN -Number 0-937175-82-X), or Douglas Comer's books on the TCP/IP -protocol. - -It is further assumed that you have already setup your modem(s) and -configured the appropriate system files to allow logins through your -modems. If you have not prepared your system for this yet, please see -the tutorial for configuring dialup services; if you have a World-Wide -Web browser available, browse the list of tutorials at -http://www.freebsd.org/; otherwise, check the place -where you found this document for a document named Quick Overview -

- -In its typical configuration, using FreeBSD as a SLIP server works as -follows: a SLIP user dials up your FreeBSD SLIP Server system and logs -in with a special SLIP login ID that uses /usr/sbin/sliplogin -as the special user's shell. The /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts to find a matching line for -the special user, and if it finds a match, connects the serial line to -an available SLIP interface and then runs the shell script -/etc/sliphome/slip.login to configure the SLIP interface. - -An Example of a SLIP Server Login -

- -For example, if a SLIP user ID were Shelmerg, /etc/master.passwd would look something like this -(except it would be all on one line): - - -Shelmerg:password:1964:89::0:0:Guy Helmer - SLIP: - /usr/users/Shelmerg:/usr/sbin/sliplogin - - -and, when sliplogin will search -/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts for a line that had a matching user -ID; for example, there may be a line in -/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts that reads: - - -Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp - - -/etc/sliphome/slip.login like this: - - -/etc/sliphome/slip.login 0 19200 Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp - - -If all goes well, /etc/sliphome/slip.login will issue an -ifconfig for the SLIP interface to which slip.login) to set the -local IP address (dc-slip), remote IP address -(sl-helmer), network mask for the SLIP interface -(0xfffffc00), and any additional flags (autocomp). -If something goes wrong, /var/log/messages (see the manual pages for -syslogd(8) and syslog.conf(5), and perhaps check -/etc/syslog.conf to see to which files syslogd is -logging). - -OK, enough of the examples -- let us dive into setting up the system. - -Kernel Configuration -

-FreeBSD's default kernels usually come with two SLIP interfaces -defined (sl0 and sl1); you can use netstat --i to see whether these interfaces are defined in your kernel. - -Sample output from netstat -i: - - -Name Mtu Network Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll -ed0 1500 0.0.c0.2c.5f.4a 291311 0 174209 0 133 -ed0 1500 138.247.224 ivory 291311 0 174209 0 133 -lo0 65535 79 0 79 0 0 -lo0 65535 loop localhost 79 0 79 0 0 -sl0* 296 0 0 0 0 0 -sl1* 296 0 0 0 0 0 - - -The sl0 and sl1 interfaces shown in netstat --i's output indicate that there are two SLIP interfaces built -into the kernel. (The asterisks after the sl0 and -sl1 indicate that the interfaces are ``down''.) - -However, FreeBSD's default kernels do not come configured to forward -packets (ie, your FreeBSD machine will not act as a router) due to -Internet RFC requirements for Internet hosts (see RFC's 1009 -[Requirements for Internet Gateways], 1122 -[Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication Layers], -and perhaps 1127 [A Perspective on the Host Requirements -RFCs]), so if you want your FreeBSD SLIP Server to act as a -router, you will have to edit the /etc/sysconfig file and change -the setting of the gateway variable to YES. If you -have an older system which does not have the /etc/sysconfig -file, then add the following command: - -sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding = 1 - -to your /etc/rc.local file. - -

You will then need to reboot for the new settings to take effect. - -

You will notice that near the end of the default kernel configuration -file (/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC) is a line that reads: - - -pseudo-device sl 2 - - -which is the line that defines the number of SLIP devices available in -the kernel; the number at the end of the line is the maximum number of -SLIP connections that may be operating simultaneously. - -Please refer to -for help in reconfiguring your kernel. - -Sliplogin Configuration - -

- -As mentioned earlier, there are three files in the -/etc/sliphome directory that are part of the configuration -for /usr/sbin/sliplogin (see sliplogin(8) for the -actual manual page for sliplogin): slip.hosts, which -defines the SLIP users & their associated IP addresses; -slip.login, which usually just configures the SLIP interface; -and (optionally) slip.logout, which undoes -slip.login's effects when the serial connection is -terminated. - -slip.hosts Configuration - -

- -/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts contains lines which have at least -four items, separated by whitespace: - - - SLIP user's login ID - Local address (local to the SLIP server) of the SLIP link - Remote address of the SLIP link - Network mask - - -The local and remote addresses may be host names (resolved to IP -addresses by /etc/hosts or by the domain name service, -depending on your specifications in /etc/host.conf), and I -believe the network mask may be a name that can be resolved by a -lookup into /etc/networks. On a sample system, -/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts looks like this: - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ----- -# -# login local-addr remote-addr mask opt1 opt2 -# (normal,compress,noicmp) -# -Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ------ - - -At the end of the line is one or more of the options. - - - normal - no header compression - compress - compress headers - autocomp - compress headers if the remote end allows it - noicmp - disable ICMP packets (so any ``ping'' packets will be - dropped instead of using up your bandwidth) - - -Note that section and/or consult your IP network manager. - -If you are going to use a separate subnet for your SLIP clients, you -will need to allocate the subnet number out of your assigned IP -network number and assign each of your SLIP client's IP numbers out of -that subnet. Then, you will probably either need to configure a -static route to the SLIP subnet via your SLIP server on your nearest -IP router, or install gated on your FreeBSD SLIP server and -configure it to talk the appropriate routing protocols to your other -routers to inform them about your SLIP server's route to the SLIP -subnet. - -Otherwise, if you will use the ``proxy ARP'' method, you will need to -assign your SLIP client's IP addresses out of your SLIP server's -Ethernet subnet, and you will also need to adjust your -/etc/sliphome/slip.login and -/etc/sliphome/slip.logout scripts to use arp(8) to -manage the proxy-ARP entries in the SLIP server's ARP table. - -slip.login Configuration - -

-The typical /etc/sliphome/slip.login file looks like this: - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.login ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90 - -# -# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6 ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.login ----- - - -This slip.login file merely ifconfig's the appropriate SLIP -interface with the local and remote addresses and network mask of the -SLIP interface. - -If you have decided to use the ``proxy ARP'' method (instead of using -a separate subnet for your SLIP clients), your -/etc/sliphome/slip.login file will need to look something -like this: - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.login for "proxy ARP" ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90 - -# -# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6 -# Answer ARP requests for the SLIP client with our Ethernet addr -/usr/sbin/arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.login for "proxy ARP" ----- - - -The additional line in this slip.login, arp -s $5 -00:11:22:33:44:55 pub, creates an ARP entry in the SLIP server's -ARP table. This ARP entry causes the SLIP server to respond with the -SLIP server's Ethernet MAC address whenever a another IP node on the -Ethernet asks to speak to the SLIP client's IP address. - -When using the example above, be sure to replace the Ethernet MAC -address (00:11:22:33:44:55) with the MAC address of your -system's Ethernet card, or your ``proxy ARP'' will definitely not work! -You can discover your SLIP server's Ethernet MAC address by looking at -the results of running netstat -i; the second line of the output -should look something like: - - -ed0 1500 0.2.c1.28.5f.4a 191923 0 129457 0 116 - ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - - -which indicates that this particular system's Ethernet MAC address is -00:02:c1:28:5f:4a -- the periods in the Ethernet MAC address -given by netstat -i must be changed to colons and leading zeros -should be added to each single-digit hexadecimal number to convert the -address into the form that arp(8) desires; see the manual page on -arp(8) for complete information on usage. - -Note that when you create /etc/sliphome/slip.login and -/etc/sliphome/slip.logout, the ``execute'' bit (ie, -chmod 755 /etc/sliphome/slip.login -/etc/sliphome/slip.logout) must be set, or sliplogin -will be unable to execute it. - -slip.logout Configuration - -

- -/etc/sliphome/slip.logout is not strictly needed (unless you -are implementing ``proxy ARP''), but if you decide to create it, this -is an example of a basic slip.logout script: - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.logout ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# slip.logout - -# -# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.logout ----- - - -If you are using ``proxy ARP'', you will want to have -/etc/sliphome/slip.logout remove the ARP entry for the SLIP -client: - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.logout for "proxy ARP" ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.logout - -# -# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down -# Quit answering ARP requests for the SLIP client -/usr/sbin/arp -d $5 ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.logout for "proxy ARP" ----- - - -The arp -d $5 removes the ARP entry that the ``proxy ARP'' -slip.login added when the SLIP client logged in. - -It bears repeating: make sure /etc/sliphome/slip.logout has -the execute bit set for after you create it (ie, chmod 755 -/etc/sliphome/slip.logout). - -Routing Considerations - -

-If you are not using the ``proxy ARP'' method for routing packets -between your SLIP clients and the rest of your network (and perhaps -the Internet), you will probably either have to add static routes to -your closest default router(s) to route your SLIP client subnet via -your SLIP server, or you will probably need to install and configure -gated on your FreeBSD SLIP server so that it will tell your -routers via appropriate routing protocols about your SLIP subnet. - -Static Routes - -

-Adding static routes to your nearest default routers can be -troublesome (or impossible, if you do not have authority to do so...). -If you have a multiple-router network in your organization, some -routers, such as Cisco and Proteon, may not only need to be configured -with the static route to the SLIP subnet, but also need to be told -which static routes to tell other routers about, so some expertise and -troubleshooting/tweaking may be necessary to get static-route-based -routing to work. - -Running gated - -

-An alternative to the headaches of static routes is to install -gated on your FreeBSD SLIP server and configure it to use the -appropriate routing protocols (RIP/OSPF/BGP/EGP) to tell other routers -about your SLIP subnet. ftp.gated.cornell.edu in the directory -/pub/gated; I believe the current version as of this writing -is gated-R3_5Alpha_8.tar.Z, which includes support for -FreeBSD ``out-of-the-box''. Complete information and documentation on -gated is available on the Web starting at -http://www.gated.cornell.edu/. Compile and install it, and -then write a /etc/gated.conf file to configure your gated; -here is a sample, similar to what the author used on a FreeBSD SLIP -server: - - ------ begin sample /etc/gated.conf for gated version 3.5Alpha5 ----- -# -# gated configuration file for dc.dsu.edu; for gated version 3.5alpha5 -# Only broadcast RIP information for xxx.xxx.yy out the ed Ethernet interface -# -# -# tracing options -# -traceoptions "/var/tmp/gated.output" replace size 100k files 2 general ; - -rip yes { - interface sl noripout noripin ; - interface ed ripin ripout version 1 ; - traceoptions route ; -} ; - -# -# Turn on a bunch of tracing info for the interface to the kernel: -kernel { - traceoptions remnants request routes info interface ; -} ; - -# -# Propagate the route to xxx.xxx.yy out the Ethernet interface via RIP -# - -export proto rip interface ed { - proto direct { - xxx.xxx.yy mask 255.255.252.0 metric 1; # SLIP connections - } ; -} ; - -# -# Accept routes from RIP via ed Ethernet interfaces - -import proto rip interface ed { - all ; -} ; - ------ end sample /etc/gated.conf ----- - - -The above sample gated.conf file broadcasts routing -information regarding the SLIP subnet xxx.xxx.yy via RIP onto -the Ethernet; if you are using a different Ethernet driver than the -/var/tmp/gated.output for debugging gated's -activity; you can certainly turn off the tracing options if -gated works OK for you. You will need to change the -xxx.xxx.yy's into the network address of your own SLIP subnet -(be sure to change the net mask in the proto direct clause as -well). - -When you get gated built and installed and create a -configuration file for it, you will need to run gated in place -of routed on your FreeBSD system; change the -routed/gated startup parameters in /etc/netstart as -appropriate for your system. Please see the manual page for -gated for information on gated's command-line -parameters. - -Acknowledgments - -

-Thanks to these people for comments and advice regarding this tutorial: - - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/stable.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/stable.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 8bb5b1d..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/stable.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Staying stable with FreeBSD - -

Contributed by &a.jkh;. - - - -What is FreeBSD-stable? - -

FreeBSD-stable is our development branch for a more low-key and -conservative set of changes intended for our next mainstream release. -Changes of an experimental or untested nature do not go into this -branch (see ). - -Who needs FreeBSD-stable? - -

If you are a commercial user or someone who puts maximum stability of -their FreeBSD system before all other concerns, you should consider tracking -stable. This is especially true if you have installed the most -recent release ( at the time of this writing) since the stable -branch is effectively a bug-fix stream relative to the previous release. - -

Please note that the stable tree endeavors, above all, to -be fully compilable and stable at all times, but we do occasionally -make mistakes (these are still active sources with quickly-transmitted -updates, after all). We also do our best to thoroughly test fixes in -current before bringing them into stable, but sometimes -our tests fail to catch every case. If something breaks for you in -stable, please let us know immediately! (see -next section). - -Using FreeBSD-stable - -

Join the &a.stable . This will - keep you informed of build-dependencies that may appear in - stable or any other issues requiring special attention. - Developers will also make announcements in this mailing list when - they are contemplating some contraversal fix or update, giving - the users a chance to respond if they have any issues to raise concerning - the proposed change. - - To join this list, send mail to &a.majordomo and say: - - subscribe freebsd-stable - - In the body of your message. Optionally, you can also say `help' - and Majordomo will send you full help on how to subscribe and - unsubscribe to the various other mailing lists we support. - - Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in - three ways: - - - Use the facility. Unless you - have a good TCP/IP connection at a flat rate, this is - the way to do it. - - Use the program with - . - This is the second most recommended method, since it allows - you to grab the entire collection once and then only what has - changed from then on. Many people run cvsup from cron - to keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - - Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-stable is always - "exported" on: - - -

We also use `wu-ftpd' which allows compressed/tar'd grabbing - of whole trees. e.g. you see: - - usr.bin/lex - - You can do: - - ftp> cd usr.bin - ftp> get lex.tar.Z - - And it will get the whole directory for you as a compressed - tar file. - - - Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and - communications bandwidth is not a consideration, use cvsup or ftp. - Otherwise, use CTM. - - Before compiling stable, read the Makefile in /usr/src - carefully. You should at least run a `make world' the first time - through as part of the upgrading process. - Reading the &a.stable will keep you up-to-date on other bootstrapping - procedures that sometimes become necessary as we move towards the next - release. - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/submitters.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/submitters.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 33b5ebf..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/submitters.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,619 +0,0 @@ - - - -Contributing to FreeBSD - -

Contributed by &a.jkh;. - -

So you want to contribute something to FreeBSD? That is great! -We can always use the help, and FreeBSD is one of those systems -that relies on the contributions of its user base in order -to survive. Your contributions are not only appreciated, they are -vital to FreeBSD's continued growth! - -

Contrary to what some people might also have you believe, you do not -need to be a hot-shot programmer or a close personal friend of the -FreeBSD core team in order to have your contributions accepted. The -FreeBSD Project's development is done by a large and growing number of -international contributors who's ages and areas of technical expertise -vary greatly, and there is always more work to be done than there are -people available to do it. - -

Since the FreeBSD project is responsible for an entire operating -system environment (and its installation) rather than just a kernel or -a few scattered utilities, our "TODO" list also spans a very wide -range of tasks, from documentation, beta testing and presentation to -highly specialized types of kernel development. No matter what your -skill level, there is almost certainly something you can do to help the -project! - -

Commercial entities engaged in FreeBSD-related enterprises are -also encouraged to contact us. Need a special extension to make your -product work? You will find us receptive to your requests, given that -they are not too outlandish. Working on a value-added product? Please -let us know! We may be able to work cooperatively on some aspect of -it. The free software world is challenging a lot of existing -assumptions about how software is developed, sold, and maintained -throughout its life cycle, and we urge you to at least give it a -second look. - -What is needed - -

The following list of tasks and sub-projects represents something -of an amalgam of the various core team TODO lists and user requests -we have collected over the last couple of months. Where possible, tasks -have been ranked by degree of urgency. If you are interested in -working on one of the tasks you see here, send mail to the coordinator -listed by clicking on their names. If no coordinator has been -appointed, maybe you would like to volunteer? - -High priority tasks -

The following tasks are considered to be urgent, usually because -they represent something that is badly broken or sorely needed: - -3-stage boot issues. Overall coordination: -&a.hackers -

-Autodetect memory over 64MB properly. -Move userconfig (-c) into 3rd stage boot. -Do WinNT compatible drive tagging so that the 3rd stage can -provide an accurate mapping of BIOS geometries for disks. - -Filesystem problems. Overall coordination: -&a.fs - -Fix the MSDOS file system. -Clean up and document the nullfs filesystem code. Coordinator: &a.gibbs -Fix the union file system. Coordinator: &a.dyson -Fix the LFS file system. Coordinator: &a.dyson - -Implement kernel and user vm86 support. Coordinator: &a.hackers -Implement Int13 vm86 disk driver. Coordinator: &a.hackers -SCSI driver issues. Overall coordination: &a.hackers -

-Support tagged queuing generically. Requires a rewrite of how we do -our command queuing, but we need this anyway to for prioritized I/O -(CD-R writers/scanners). -Better error handling (Busy status and retries). -Merged Scatter-Gather list creation code. - -Kernel issues. Overall coordination: -&a.hackers -

-Complete the eisaconf conversion of all existing drivers. -Change all interrupt routines to take a (void *) instead of -using unit numbers. -Merge EISA/PCI/ISA interrupt registration code. -Split PCI/EISA/ISA probes out from drivers like bt742a.c (WIP) -Fix the syscons ALT-TAB/vt switching hangs. Coordinator: &a.sos -Mouse support for syscons. -Merged keyboard code for all console drivers. -Rewrite the Intel Etherexpress 16 driver. -Merge the 3c509 and 3c590 drivers (essentially provide a PCI probe for -ep.c). -Support Adaptec 3985 (first as a simple 3 channel SCSI card) -Coordinator: &a.gibbs -Support Advansys SCSI controller products. Coordinator: &a.gibbs - - - -Medium priority tasks -

The following tasks need to be done, but not with any particular -urgency: - -DOS emulator (for DOS executables) Coordinator: -Port AFS (Andrew File System) to FreeBSD Coordinator: - -MCA support? This should be finalized one way or the other. -Full LKM based driver support/Configuration Manager. -

-Devise a way to do all LKM registration without ld. This means -some kind of symbol table in the kernel. -Write a configuration manager (in the 3rd stage boot?) that probes -your hardware in a sane manner, keeps only the LKMs required for -your hardware, etc. - -PCMCIA/PCCARD. Coordinators: &a.nate and &a.phk - -Documentation! -Reliable operation of the pcic driver (needs testing). -Recognizer and handler for sio.c (mostly done). -Recognizer and handler for ed.c (mostly done). -Recognizer and handler for ep.c (mostly done). -User-mode recognizer and handler (partially done). - -Advanced Power Management. Coordinators: &a.nate and &a.phk - -APM sub-driver (mostly done). -IDE/ATA disk sub-driver (partially done). -syscons/pcvt sub-driver. -Integration with the PCMCIA/PCCARD drivers (suspend/resume). - - - -Low priority tasks -

The following tasks are purely cosmetic or represent such an -investment of work that it is not likely that anyone will get them done -anytime soon: - -

The first 20 items are from Terry Lambert <terry@lambert.org> - -Ability to make BIOS calls from protected mode using V86 mode -on the processor and return the results via a mapped interrupt -IPC mechanism to the protected mode caller. - -Drivers built into the kernel that use the BIOS call mechanism -to allow them to be independent of the actual underlying hardware -the same way that DOS is independent of the underlying hardware. -This includes NetWork and ASPI drivers loaded in DOS prior to -BSD being loaded by a DOS-based loader program, which means -potential polling, which means DOS-not-busy interrupt generation -for V86 machines by the protected mode kernel. - -An image format that allows tagging of such drivers data and -text areas in the default kernel executable so that that portion -of the kernel address space may be recovered at a later time, -after hardware specific protected mode drivers have been loaded -and activated. This includes separation of BIOS based drivers -from each other, since it is better to run with a BIOS based -driver in all cases than to not run at all. - -Abstraction of the bus interface mechanism. Currently, PCMCIA, -EISA, and PCI busses are assumed to be bridged from ISA. This -is not something which should be assumed. - -A configuration manager that knows about PNP events, including -power management events, insertion, extraction, and bus (PNP ISA -and PCMCIA bridging chips) vs. card level event management. - -A topological sort mechanism for assigning reassignable addresses -that do not collide with other reassignable and non-reassignable -device space resource usage by fixed devices. - -A registration based mechanism for hardware services registration. -Specifically, a device centric registration mechanism for timer -and sound and other system critical service providers. Consider -Timer2 and Timer0 and speaker services as one example of a single -monolithic service provider. - -A kernel exported symbol space in the kernel data space accessible -by an LKM loader mechanism that does relocation and symbol space -manipulation. The intent of this interface is to support the -ability to demand load and unload kernel modules. - -NetWare Server (protected mode ODI driver) loader and subservices -to allow the use of ODI card drivers supplied with network cards. -The same thing for NDIS drivers and NetWare SCSI drivers. - -An "upgrade system" option that works on Linux boxes instead -of just previous rev FreeBSD boxes. - -Splitting of the console driver into abstraction layers, both to -make it easier to port and to kill the X and ThinkPad and PS/2 -mouse and LED and console switching and bouncing NumLock problems -once and for all. - -Other kernel emulation environments for other foreign drivers -as opportunity permits. SCO and Solaris are good candidates, -followed by UnixWare, etc. - -Processor emulation environments for execution of foreign binaries. -This is easier than it sounds if the system call interface does not -change much. - -Streams to allow the use of commercial streams drivers. - -Kernel multithreading (requires kernel preemption). - -Symmetric Multiprocessing with kernel preemption (requires kernel -preemption). - -A concerted effort at support for portable computers. This is -somewhat handled by changing PCMCIA bridging rules and power -management event handling. But there are things like detecting -internal vs. external display and picking a different screen -resolution based on that fact, not spinning down the disk if -the machine is in dock, and allowing dock-based cards to disappear -without affecting the machines ability to boot (same issue for -PCMCIA). - -Reorganization of the source tree for multiple platform ports. - -A "make world" that "makes the world" (rename the current one -to "make regress" if that is all it is good for). - -A 4M (preferably smaller!) memory footprint. - - - -How to contribute - -

Contributions to the system generally fall into one or more of -the following 6 categories: - -Bug reports and general commentary -

If you have a bug to report or a suggestion to make: - - - An idea or suggestion of general technical interest should be - mailed to the &a.hackers;. - Likewise, people with an interest - in such things (and a tolerance for a high - volume of mail!) may - subscribe to the hackers mailing list by sending mail to - &a.majordomo;. - See - for more information about this and other mailing lists. - - An actual bug report should be filed by using the send-pr(1) - program or its . This will prompt you for various - fields to fill in. In the send-pr(1) case, simply go to the - fields surrounded by <>'s and fill in your own - information in place of what is suggested there. With the - WEB based interface, you simply select the appropriate items from - various option menus and fill in the various fields shown there. - -

You should receive confirmation of your bug report along with - a tracking number. Please keep this tracking number and refer to - it in any subsequent correspondence so that people can find the - details of your problem quickly. You may also send mail to - with your PR# in the subject - line to append further information to an existing bug report. - - If you do not receive confirmation in a timely fashion (3 days to - a week, depending on your email connection) or are, for some - reason, unable to use the send-pr(1) command, - then you may also file a bug report by sending mail to the &a.bugs;. - - -Changes to the documentation - -

Changes to the documentation are overseen by the &a.doc;. -This does not generally include -changes to manual pages, which should be considered under the category -of "changes to existing source code." - -Changes to existing source code - -

An addition or change to the existing source code is a somewhat trickier - affair and depends a lot on how far out of date you are with the current - state of the core FreeBSD development. There is a special on-going release - of FreeBSD known as ``FreeBSD-current'' which is made available in - a variety of ways for the convenience of developers working - actively on the system. See for more information about getting and using - FreeBSD-current. - - Working from older sources unfortunately means that your changes may - sometimes be too obsolete or too divergent for easy re-integration into - FreeBSD. Chances of this can be minimized somewhat by subscribing to the - &a.announce and the &a.current lists, where discussions - on the current state of the system take place. - - Assuming that you can manage to secure fairly up-to-date sources to base - your changes on, the next step is to produce a set of diffs to send to the - FreeBSD maintainers. This is done with the diff(1) command, - with the `context diff' form being preferred. For example: - -diff -c oldfile newfile - -or - -diff -c -r olddir newdir - - would generate such a set of context diffs for the given source file - or directory hierarchy. See the man page for diff(1) for more - details. - - Once you have a set of diffs (which you may test with the - patch(1) command), you should bundle them up in an - email message and send it, along with a brief description of - what the diffs are for, to the &a.hackers;. - Someone will very - likely get back in touch with you in 24 hours or less, - assuming of course that your diffs are interesting! :-) - - If your changes do not express themselves well as diffs alone - (e.g. you have perhaps added, deleted or renamed files as well) - then you may be better off bundling any new files, diffs and - instructions for deleting/renaming others into a tar - file and running the uuencode(1) program on it before - sending the output of that to the &a.hackers;. - See the man pages on tar(1) and uuencode(1) for more - information on bundling files this way. - - If your change is of a potentially sensitive nature, e.g. - you are unsure of copyright issues governing its further distribution - or you are simply not ready to release it without a tighter review first, - then you should send it to &a.core; rather than the &a.hackers - The core mailing list - reaches a much smaller group of people who do much of the - day-to-day work on FreeBSD. Note that this group is also - very busy and so you should only send mail to them - in cases where mailing to hackers is truly impractical. - - Please refer to man 9 intro and man 9 style - for some information on coding style. We would appreciate - it if you were at least aware of this information before - submitting code. - -New code or major value-added packages - -

In the case of a significant contribution of a large body - work, or the addition of an important new feature to FreeBSD, - it becomes almost always necessary to either send changes as - uuencode'd tar files or upload them to our ftp site . - - When working with large amounts of code, the touchy subject of - copyrights also invariably comes up. Acceptable copyrights - for code included in FreeBSD are: - - - The BSD copyright. This copyright is most preferred - due to its ``no strings attached'' nature and general - attractiveness to commercial enterprises. Far from - discouraging such commercial use, the FreeBSD Project - actively encourages such participation by commercial interests - who might eventually be inclined to invest something of their own - into FreeBSD. - - The GNU Public License, or ``GPL''. This license is not quite - as popular with us due to the amount of extra effort demanded - of anyone using the code for commercial purposes, but given - the sheer quantity of GPL'd code we currently require (compiler, - assembler, text formatter, etc) it would be silly to refuse - additional contributions under this license. Code under the GPL - also goes into a different part of the tree, that being - /sys/gnu or /usr/src/gnu, and is therefore - easily identifiable to anyone for whom the GPL presents a problem. - - -

Contributions coming under any other type of copyright must be - carefully reviewed before their inclusion into FreeBSD will - be considered. Contributions for which particularly restrictive - commercial copyrights apply are generally rejected, though the - authors are always encouraged to make such changes available - through their own channels. - - To place a ``BSD-style'' copyright on your work, include the following - text at the very beginning of every source code file you wish - to protect, replacing the text between the `%%' with - the appropriate information. - -Copyright (c) %%proper_years_here%% - %%your_name_here%%, %%your_state%% %%your_zip%%. All rights reserved. - -Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -are met: -1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as - the first lines of this file unmodified. -2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the - documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. - -THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY %%your_name_here%% ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR -IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES -OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. -IN NO EVENT SHALL %%your_name_here%% BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, -INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT -NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, -DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY -THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT -(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF -THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. - - $Id$ - -For your convenience, a copy of this text can be found in -/usr/share/examples/etc/bsd-style-copyright. - - &porting; - -Money, Hardware or Internet access -

We are always very happy to accept donations to further the cause of -the FreeBSD Project and, in a volunteer effort like ours, a little can go -a long way! Donations of hardware are also very important to expanding -our list of supported peripherals since we generally lack the funds to -buy such items ourselves. - -Donating funds -

While the FreeBSD Project is not a 501(C3) (non-profit) corporation and -hence cannot offer special tax incentives for any donations made, any such -donations will be gratefully accepted on behalf of the project by -FreeBSD, Inc. - -

FreeBSD, Inc. was founded in early 1995 by &a.jkh and &a.davidg with the -goal of furthering the aims of the FreeBSD Project and giving it a minimal -corporate presence. Any and all funds donated (as well as any profits -that may eventually be realized by FreeBSD, Inc.) will be used exclusively -to further the project's goals. - -Please make any checks payable to FreeBSD, Inc., sent in care of the -following address: - - -FreeBSD, Inc. -c/o Jordan Hubbard -4041 Pike Lane, suite #D. -Concord CA, 94520 - -[temporarily using the Walnut Creek CDROM address until a PO box can be -opened] - - -Wire transfers may also be sent directly to: - - -Bank Of America -Concord Main Office -P.O. Box 37176 -San Francisco CA, 94137-5176 - -Routing #: 121-000-358 -Account #: 01411-07441 (FreeBSD, Inc.) - - -If you do not wish to be listed in our -section, please specify this when making your donation. Thanks! - -Donating hardware - -

Donations of hardware in any of the 3 following categories are also gladly -accepted by the FreeBSD Project: - - -General purpose hardware such as disk drives, memory or complete -systems should be sent to the FreeBSD, Inc. address listed in the -donating funds section. - -Hardware for which ongoing compliance testing is desired. -We are currently trying to put together a testing lab of all components -that FreeBSD supports so that proper regression testing can be done with -each new release. We are still lacking many important pieces (network cards, -motherboards, etc) and if you would like to make such a donation, please contact -&a.davidg for information on which items are still required. - -Hardware currently unsupported by FreeBSD for which you would like to -see such support added. Please contact the &a.core; before sending -such items as we will need to find a developer willing to take on the task -before we can accept delivery of new hardware. - - -Donating Internet access - -

We can always use new mirror sites for FTP, WWW or cvsup. -If you would like to be such a mirror, please contact - for more information. - -Donors Gallery - -

The FreeBSD Project is indebted to the following donors and would -like to publically thank them here! - - -Contributors to the central server project: -

The following individuals and businesses made it possible for - the FreeBSD Project to build a new central server machine to eventually - replace freefall.freebsd.org by donating the following items: - - - - and his employer, , donated a Pentium Pro (P6) 200Mhz CPU - - - - donated a Tyan 1662 motherboard. - - of - - donated a Kingston ethernet controller. - - donated an NCR 53C875 SCSI - controller card. - - - of - donated 128MB of memory, a 4 Gb disk drive - and the case. - - -Direct funding: -

The following individuals and businesses have generously contributed - direct funding to the project: - - - - - - - Sean Eric Fagan - - - - - - - - of - - - - - of Japan (a portion of the profits from sales of their - FreeBSD for PC98'ers CD, a port of FreeBSD to - the NEC PC98). - - -Hardware contributors: -

- The following individuals and businesses have generously contributed - hardware for testing and device driver development/support: - - - Walnut Creek CDROM for providing the Pentium P5-90 and - 486/DX2-66 EISA/VL systems that are being used for our development - work, to say nothing of the network access and other donations of - hardware resources. - - TRW Financial Systems, Inc. provided 130 PCs, three 68 GB - fileservers, twelve Ethernets, two routers and an ATM - switch for debugging the diskless code. They also keep a - couple of FreeBSD hackers alive and busy. Thanks! - - Dermot McDonnell donated the Toshiba XM3401B CDROM drive - currently used in freefall. - - &a.chuck; contributed his floppy tape streamer for experimental - work. - - Larry Altneu <larry@ALR.COM>, and &a.wilko;, - provided Wangtek and Archive QIC-02 tape drives in order to - improve the wt driver. - - Ernst Winter <ewinter@lobo.muc.de> contributed a 2.88 MB - floppy drive to the project. This will hopefully increase the - pressure for rewriting the floppy disk driver. ;-) - - - donated an FX120 12 speed Mitsumi CDROM drive for IDE CDROM driver - development. - - - -Special contributors: -

- - - has donated almost more than we can say (see the - document for more details). - In particular, we would like to thank them for the original hardware - used for freefall.FreeBSD.ORG, our primary development - machine, and for thud.FreeBSD.ORG, a testing and build box. - We are also indebted to them for funding various contributors over - the years and providing us with unrestricted use of their T1 - connection to the Internet. - - The has been patiently - supporting &a.joerg; who has often preferred FreeBSD work over - paywork, and used to fall back to their (quite expensive) EUnet - Internet connection whenever his private connection became too - slow or flakey to work with it... - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/sup.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/sup.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 19c3144..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/sup.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,163 +0,0 @@ - - - - -SUP - -

Contributed by &a.jkh; and &a.gclarkii;. - -SUP is a network based software update tool developed at CMU. The -purpose of this document is get the beginner up and running with sup. - -Configuration - -

SUP gets the information it needs to run from a configuration file -called a supfile. There are different example supfiles provided -for different source releases of FreeBSD. The - file, for example, -contains sup information for the latest standard FreeBSD source -distributions - it tells sup what collections it will be updating -and/or installing and where they go. Someone using this particular -supfile is said to be supping . -

For ports, please have a look at -.

-If you are interested in obtaining the - files -that make up the source tree, refer to -.

-If you would rather track changes to the -stable branch, refer to - instead. - -If you are inside the United States, you may also uncomment -the `secure' and `eBones' collection lines to grab the DES code. -If you are outside the -U.S., you should NOT sup this code from sup.FreeBSD.ORG as this will -violate U.S. export restrictions. Instead you should use the - in the sup examples directory. This will -connect you to the international sup site that contains a secure distribution. -Any distributions you do not wish to receive can be commented out -with a # at the beginning of the distribution line. - -Please consult the file - -for a list of alternate sup servers. The default sup server (sup.FreeBSD.ORG) -listed in the above example files is currently overloaded and any traffic -that can be transfered to a different host will help relieve some of -the strain. - -Once this is setup, you are ready to go. To start sup type: - - sup supfile - -If you wish to see what sup is doing "verbosely", give it the -v option, -like so: - - sup -v supfile - -Thats all there is to it! Remember that if you are running current, -which is what you will have if you sup with the standard-supfile, please -join the &a.current . You should also be sure to read - -for important information on just what we can and cannot do for you as -a -current user. If you are using the stable-supfile, please -join the &a.stable and read -. - -Distributions - -

For the main FreeBSD distribution using the standard-supfile: - -src-base: /usr/src/... misc files at the top of /usr/src -src-bin: /usr/src/bin user and system binaries -src-contrib: /usr/src/contrib contributed software -src-secure: /usr/src/secure DES Sources (US/Canada ONLY) -src-eBones: /usr/src/eBones Kerberos and DES (US/Canada ONLY) -src-etc: /usr/src/etc system files -src-games: /usr/src/games games -src-gnu: /usr/src/gnu sources under the GNU Public License -src-include: /usr/src/include include files -src-sys: /usr/src/sys kernel sources -src-lib: /usr/src/lib libraries -src-libexec: /usr/src/libexec system binaries -src-release: /usr/src/release sources required to build a release -src-share: /usr/src/share various shared resources -src-sbin: /usr/src/sbin single user system binaries -src-tools: /usr/src/tools various management tools -src-usrbin: /usr/src/usr.bin user binaries -src-usrsbin: /usr/src/usr.sbin system binaries - - -

For the international FreeBSD distribution using the secure-supfile: - -src-secure: /usr/src/secure DES Sources -src-eBones: /usr/src/eBones Kerberos and DES - - -

There is also a collection including all of the above, except for -either (domestic or international) versions of the export-restricted -software (i.e., src-secure and src-eBones -collections): - -src-all: /usr/src the whole operating system (almost) - - -

And for the ports collection: - -ports-base: /usr/ports/... misc files at the top of /usr/ports -ports-archivers: /usr/ports/archivers archiving tools -ports-astro: /usr/ports/astro astronomical ports -ports-audio: /usr/ports/audio sound support -ports-benchmarks: /usr/ports/benchmarks benchmarks -ports-cad: /usr/ports/cad CAD tools -ports-chinese: /usr/ports/chinese Chinese support -ports-comms: /usr/ports/comms communication software -ports-converters: /usr/ports/converters character code converters -ports-databases: /usr/ports/databases databases -ports-devel: /usr/ports/devel development utilities -ports-editors: /usr/ports/editors editors -ports-emulators: /usr/ports/emulators emulators for other OSes -ports-games: /usr/ports/games games -ports-graphics: /usr/ports/graphics various graphics utilities -ports-japanese: /usr/ports/japanese Japanese support -ports-korean: /usr/ports/korean Korean support -ports-lang: /usr/ports/lang programming languages -ports-mail: /usr/ports/mail mail software -ports-math: /usr/ports/math numerical computation software -ports-mbone: /usr/ports/mbone MBone applications -ports-misc: /usr/ports/misc miscellaneous utilities -ports-net: /usr/ports/net networking software -ports-news: /usr/ports/news USENET news software -ports-plan9: /usr/ports/plan9 various programs from Plan9 -ports-print: /usr/ports/print printing software -ports-russian: /usr/ports/russian Russian support -ports-security: /usr/ports/security ``security'' utilities, for better or for worse -ports-shells: /usr/ports/shells various UN*X shells -ports-sysutils: /usr/ports/sysutils system utilities -ports-textproc: /usr/ports/textproc text processing utilities (does not include desktop publishing) -ports-vietnamese: /usr/ports/vietnamese Vietnamese support -ports-www: /usr/ports/www software related to the world wide web -ports-x11: /usr/ports/x11 X11 software - - -

There is also a collection including all of the above: - -ports-all: /usr/ports the whole ports tree - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/synching.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/synching.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index fe5e566..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/synching.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ - - - -Synchronizing source trees over the Internet - -

Contributed by &a.jkh;. - - - -

There are various ways of using an Internet (or email) connection -to stay up-to-date with any given area of the FreeBSD project sources, -or all areas, depending on what interests you. The primary -services we offer are CVSup and CTM. - -

CVSup is the new kid on the block, it does everything that sup -did and more, doing it also far more efficiently in terms of its demands -on server disk space and network resources. Because of this, CVSup has -largely replaced in the FreeBSD Project. Like sup, it also -operates on a pull synchronization model. - -

CTM, on the other hand, does not interactively compare -the sources you have with those on the master archive. Instead, a script -which identifies changes in files since its previous run is executed several -times a day on the master archive, any detected changes being compressed, -stamped with a sequence-number and encoded for transmission over email -(printable ASCII only). Once received, these "CTM deltas" can then be -handed to the ctm_rmail(1) utility which will automatically decode, verify -and apply the changes to the user's copy of the sources. This process is -far more efficient than CVSup, and places less strain on our server resources -since it is a push rather than a pull model. - -

There are other trade-offs, of course. With CVSup, you can also -inadvertently wipe out portions of your archive and CVSup will detect -and rebuild the damaged portions for you. CTM won't do this, and if -you wipe some portion of your source tree out (and don't have it backed -up) then you will have to start from scratch (from the most recent CVS -"base delta") and rebuild it all. - -For more information on CTM, CVSup or the now largely-obsolete sup, please -see one of the following sections: - - &ctm; - &cvsup; - ⊃ diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/term.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/term.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index d84c2ce..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/term.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,539 +0,0 @@ - - -Terminals - -

Contributed by &a.kelly;28 July 1996 - - Terminals provide a convenient and low-cost way to access the - power of your FreeBSD system when you are not at the computer's - console or on a connected network. This section describes how - to use terminals with FreeBSD. - - Uses and Types of Terminals - -

The original Unix systems did not have consoles. Instead, - people logged in and ran programs through terminals that were - connected to the computer's serial ports. It is quite similar - to using a modem and some terminal software to dial into a - remote system to do text-only work. - - Today's PCs have consoles capable of high quality graphics, - but the ability to establish a login session on a serial port - still exists in nearly every Unix-style operating system - today; FreeBSD is no exception. By using a terminal attached - to a unused serial port, you can log in and run any text - program that you would normally run on the console or in an - - - - - - - The remaining subsections describe each kind. - - Dumb Terminals - -

Dumb terminals are specialized pieces of hardware that let - you connect to computers over serial lines. They are called - ``dumb'' because they have only enough computational power - to display, send, and receive text. You cannot run any - programs on them. It is the computer to which you connect - them that has all the power to run text editors, compilers, - email, games, and so forth. - - There are hundreds of kinds of dumb terminals made by - many manufacturers, including Digital Equipment - Corporation's VT-100 and Wyse's WY-75. Just about any kind - will work with FreeBSD. Some high-end terminals can even - display graphics, but only certain software packages can - take advantage of these advanced features. - - Dumb terminals are popular in work environments where - workers do not need access to graphic applications such as - those provided by the X Window System. - - PCs Acting As Terminals - -

If a has just - enough ability to display, send, and receive text, then - certainly any spare personal computer can be a dumb - terminal. All you need is the proper cable and some - X Terminals - -

X terminals are the most sophisticated kind of terminal - available. Instead of connecting to a serial port, they - usually connect to a network like Ethernet. Instead of - being relegated to text-only applications, they can display - any X application. - - We introduce X terminals just for the sake of completeness. - However, this chapter does Cables and Ports - -

To connect a terminal to your FreeBSD system, you need the - right kind of cable and a serial port to which to connect it. - This section tells you what to do. If you are already - familiar with your terminal and the cable it requires, skip to - . - - Cables - -

Because terminals use serial ports, you need to use - serial---also known as RS-232C---cables to connect the - terminal to the FreeBSD system. - - There are a couple of kinds of serial cables. Which one - you'll use depends on the terminal you want to connect: - - - If you are connecting a personal computer to act as - a terminal, use a - cable. A null-modem cable connects two computers or - terminals together. - - If you have an actual terminal, your best source of - information on what cable to use is the documentation - that accompanied the terminal. If you do not have the - documentation, then try a cable. If that does not work, then try - a cable. - - - Also, the serial port on Null-modem cables - -

A null-modem cable passes some signals straight through, - like ``signal ground,'' but switches other signals. For - example, the ``send data'' pin on one end goes to the - ``receive data'' pin on the other end. - - If you like making your own cables, here is a table - showing a recommended way to construct a null-modem cable - for use with terminals. This table shows the RS-232C - signal names and the pin numbers on a DB-25 connector. - - Signal Pin# Pin# Signal - TxD 2 ----------------------- 3 RxD - RxD 3 ----------------------- 2 TxD - DTR 20 ----------------------- 6 DSR - DSR 6 ----------------------- 20 DTR - SG 7 ----------------------- 7 SG - DCD 8 ----------------------+ 4 RTS* - *RTS 4 + + 5 CTS* - *CTS 5 +---------------------- 8 DCD - -* Connect pins 4 to 5 internally in the connector hood, and then to - pin 8 in the remote hood. - - - Standard RS-232C Cables - -

A standard serial cable passes all the RS-232C signals - straight-through. That is, the ``send data'' pin on one - end of the cable goes to the ``send data'' pin on the - other end. This is the type of cable to connect a modem - to your FreeBSD system, and the type of cable needed for - some terminals. - - Ports - -

Serial ports are the devices through which data is - transferred between the FreeBSD host computer and the - terminal. This section describes the kinds of ports that - exist and how they are addressed in FreeBSD. - - Kinds of Ports - -

Several kinds of serial ports exist. Before you purchase - or construct a cable, you need to make sure it will fit - the ports on your terminal and on the FreeBSD system. - - Most terminals will have DB25 ports. Personal computers, - including PCs running FreeBSD, will have DB25 or DB9 - ports. If you have a multiport serial card for your PC, - you may have RJ-12 or RJ-45 ports. - - See the documentation that accompanied the hardware for - specifications on the kind of port in use. A visual - inspection of the port often works, too. - - Port Names - -

In FreeBSD, you access each serial port through an entry - in the /dev directory. There are two different - kinds of entries: - - Callin ports are named /dev/ttyd - where Callout ports are named /dev/cuaa. - You usually do not use the callout port for terminals, - just for modems. You may use the callout port if the - serial cable or the terminal does not support the - carrier detect signal. - - - See the sio(4) manual page for more information. - - If you have connected a terminal to the first serial port - (COM1 in DOS parlance), then you want to use - /dev/ttyd0 to refer to the terminal. If it is on - the second serial port (also known as COM2), it is - /dev/ttyd1, and so forth. - - Note that you may have to configure your kernel to support - each serial port, especially if you have a multiport - serial card. See for more information. - - Configuration - -

This section describes what you need to configure on your - FreeBSD system to enable a login session on a terminal. It - assumes you have already configured your kernel to support the - serial port to which the terminal is connected---and that you - have connected it. - - In a nutshell, you need to tell the /etc/ttys file. - First, use the /etc/ttys: - - Add an line to /etc/ttys for the entry in the - /dev directory for the serial port if it is not - already there. - - Specify that /usr/libexec/getty be run on the - port, and specify the appropriate /etc/gettytab file. - - Specify the default terminal type. - - Set the port to ``on.'' - - Specify whether the port should be ``secure.'' - - Force /etc/ttys file. - - - As an optional step, you may wish to create a custom - /etc/gettytab. This document does not explain how to - do so; you are encouraged to see the gettytab(5) and the - getty(8) manual pages for more information. - - The remaining sections detail how to do these steps. We will - use a running example throughout these sections to illustrate - what we need to do. In our example, we will connect two - terminals to the system: a Wyse-50 and a old 286 IBM PC - running Procomm terminal software emulating a VT-100 terminal. - We connect the Wyse to the second serial port and the 286 to - the sixth serial port (a port on a multiport serial card). - - For more information on the /etc/ttys file, see the - ttys(5) manual page. - - Adding an Entry to /etc/ttys -

First, you need to add an entry to the /etc/ttys - file, unless one is already there. - - The /etc/ttys file lists all of the ports on your - FreeBSD system where you want to allow logins. For example, - the first virtual console ttyv0 has an entry in - this file. You can log in on the console using this entry. - This file contains entries for the other virtual consoles, - serial ports, and pseudo-ttys. For a hardwired terminal, - just list the serial port's /dev entry without the - /dev part. - - When you installed your FreeBSD system, the - /etc/ttys file included entries for the first four - serial ports: /etc/ttys file - after we add the new entry: - -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure -ttyd5 - - - Specifying the -

Next, we need to specify what program will be run to handle - the logins on a terminal. For FreeBSD, the standard program - to do that is /usr/libexec/getty. It is what - provides the login: prompt. - - The program /etc/gettytab. - - The file /etc/gettytab contains lots of entries for - terminal lines both old and new. In almost all cases, the - entries that start with the text /etc/ttys - file, make sure that the communications settings on the - terminal match. - - For our example, the Wyse-50 uses no parity and connects at - 38400 bps. The 286 PC uses no parity and connects at 19200 - bps. Here is the /etc/ttys file so far (showing - just the two terminals in which we are interested): - -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown off secure -ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" - - Note that the second field---where we specify what program - to run---appears in quotes. This is important, otherwise - the type argument to Specifying the Default Terminal Type - -

The third field in the /etc/ttys file lists the - default terminal type for the port. For dialup ports, you - typically put /etc/ttys file, users can forego such - prompting. - - To find out what terminal types FreeBSD supports, see the - file /usr/share/misc/termcap. It lists about 600 - terminal types. You can add more if you wish. See the - termcap(5) manual page for information. - - In our example, the Wyse-50 is a Wyse-50 type of terminal - (although it can emulate others, we will leave it in Wyse-50 - mode). The 286 PC is running Procomm which will be set to - emulate a VT-100. Here are the pertinent yet unfinished - entries from the /etc/ttys file: - -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wy50 off secure -ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 - - - Enabling the Port -

The next field in /etc/ttys, the fourth field, - tells whether to enable the port. Putting /etc/ttys file. We have turned each - port -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wy50 on secure -ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on - - - - Specifying Secure Ports -

We have arrived at the last field (well, almost: there is - an optional /etc/ttys file, with comments added to describe - where the terminals are: - -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wy50 on insecure # Kitchen -ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom - - - Force /etc/ttys -

When you boot FreeBSD, the first process, /etc/ttys file and start the programs - listed for each enabled port to prompt for logins. - - After you edit /etc/ttys, you do not want to have - to reboot your system to get /etc/ttys if it receives - a SIGHUP (hangup) signal. - - So, after you have saved your changes to /etc/ttys, - send SIGHUP to -kill -HUP 1 - - (The Debugging your connection -

Even with the most meticulous attention to detail, something - could still go wrong while setting up a terminal. Here is a - list of symptoms and some suggested fixes. - - - -ps -axww|grep getty - - to get a list of running -22189 d1 Is+ 0:00.03 /usr/libexec/getty std.38400 ttyd1 - - shows that a /etc/gettytab. - - If no /etc/ttys. Make sure you - have run /etc/ttys and run - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/uart.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/uart.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 0701096..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/uart.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1108 +0,0 @@ - - - - -The UART: What it is and how it works - -

Copyright © 1996 &a.uhclem;, All Rights Reserved. -13 January 1996. - - - - The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) controller - is the key component of the serial communications subsystem of a - computer. The UART takes bytes of data and transmits the individual - bits in a sequential fashion. At the destination, a second UART - re-assembles the bits into complete bytes. - - Serial transmission is commonly used with modems and for - non-networked communication between computers, terminals - and other devices. - - There are two primary forms of serial transmission: Synchronous and - Asynchronous. Depending on the modes that are supported by the - hardware, the name of the communication sub-system will usually - include a "A" if it supports Asynchronous communications, and a - "S" if it supports Synchronous communications. Both forms are - described below. - - Some common acronyms are: -UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter -USART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter - - -Synchronous Serial Transmission - -

Synchronous serial transmission requires that the sender and - receiver share a clock with one another, or that the sender provide - a strobe or other timing signal so that the receiver knows when to - "read" the next bit of the data. In most forms of serial - Synchronous communication, if there is no data available at a given - instant to transmit, a fill character must be sent instead so that - data is always being transmitted. Synchronous communication is - usually more efficient because only data bits are transmitted - between sender and receiver, and synchronous communication can be - more more costly if extra wiring and circuits are required to - share a clock signal between the sender and receiver. - - A form of Synchronous transmission is used with printers and - fixed disk devices in that the data is sent on one set of wires - while a clock or strobe is sent on a different wire. Printers and - fixed disk devices are not normally serial devices because most - fixed disk interface standards send an entire word of data for each - clock or strobe signal by using a separate wire for each bit of the - word. In the PC industry, these are known as Parallel devices. - - The standard serial communications hardware in the PC does not - support Synchronous operations. This mode is described here for - comparison purposes only. - - -Asynchronous Serial Transmission - -

Asynchronous transmission allows data to be transmitted without - the sender having to send a clock signal to the receiver. Instead, - the sender and receiver must agree on timing parameters in advance - and special bits are added to each word which are used to - synchronize the sending and receiving units. - - When a word is given to the UART for Asynchronous transmissions, - a bit called the "Start Bit" is added to the beginning of each word - that is to be transmitted. The Start Bit is used to alert the - receiver that a word of data is about to be sent, and to force the - clock in the receiver into synchronization with the clock in the - transmitter. These two clocks must be accurate enough to not - have the frequency drift by more than 10% during the transmission - of the remaining bits in the word. (This requirement was set in - the days of mechanical teleprinters and is easily met by modern - electronic equipment.) - - After the Start Bit, the individual bits of the word of data are - sent, with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) being sent first. Each - bit in the transmission is transmitted for exactly the same - amount of time as all of the other bits, and the receiver "looks" - at the wire at approximately halfway through the period assigned - to each bit to determine if the bit is a "1" or a "0". For example, - if it takes two seconds to send each bit, the receiver will examine - the signal to determine if it is a "1" or a "0" after one second - has passed, then it will wait two seconds and then examine the value - of the next bit, and so on. - - The sender does not know when the receiver has "looked" at the - value of the bit. The sender only knows when the clock says to - begin transmitting the next bit of the word. - - When the entire data word has been sent, the transmitter may add - a Parity Bit that the transmitter generates. The Parity Bit may - be used by the receiver to perform simple error checking. Then at - least one Stop Bit is sent by the transmitter. - - When the receiver has received all of the bits in the data word, - it may check for the Parity Bits (both sender and receiver must - agree on whether a Parity Bit is to be used), and then the receiver - looks for a Stop Bit. If the Stop Bit does not appear when it is - supposed to, the UART considers the entire word to be garbled and - will report a Framing Error to the host processor when the data - word is read. The usual cause of a Framing Error is that the sender - and receiver clocks were not running at the same speed, or that - the signal was interrupted. - - Regardless of whether the data was received correctly or not, the - UART automatically discards the Start, Parity and Stop bits. If the - sender and receiver are configured identically, these bits are not - passed to the host. - - If another word is ready for transmission, the Start Bit for the new - word can be sent as soon as the Stop Bit for the previous - word has been sent. - - Because asynchronous data is "self synchronizing", if there is no - data to transmit, the transmission line can be idle. - - -Other UART Functions - -

In addition to the basic job of converting data from parallel to - serial for transmission and from serial to parallel on reception, - a UART will usually provide additional circuits for signals that - can be used to indicate the state of the transmission media, and - to regulate the flow of data in the event that the remote device - is not prepared to accept more data. For example, when the - device connected to the UART is a modem, the modem may report the - presence of a carrier on the phone line while the computer may be - able to instruct the modem to reset itself or to not take calls - by asserting or deasserting one more more of these extra signals. - The function of each of these additional signals is defined in - the EIA RS232-C standard. - - -The RS232-C and V.24 Standards - -

In most computer systems, the UART is connected to circuitry that - generates signals that comply with the EIA RS232-C specification. - There is also a CCITT standard named V.24 that mirrors the - specifications included in RS232-C. - -RS232-C Bit Assignments (Marks and Spaces) - -

In RS232-C, a value of "1" is called a "Mark" and a value of "0" - is called a "Space". When a communication line is idle, the line - is said to be "Marking", or transmitting continuous "1" values. - - The Start bit always has a value of "0" (a Space). The Stop Bit - always has a value of "1" (a Mark). This means that there will - always be a Mark (1) to Space (0) transition on the line at the - start of every word, even when multiple word are - transmitted back to back. This guarantees that sender and - receiver can resynchronize their clocks regardless of the content - of the data bits that are being transmitted. - - The idle time between Stop and Start bits does not have - to be an exact multiple (including zero) of the bit rate of the - communication link, but most UARTs are designed this way for - simplicity. - - In RS232-C, the "Marking" signal (a "1") is represented by a voltage - between -2 VDC and -12 VDC, and a "Spacing" signal (a "0") is - represented by a voltage between 0 and +12 VDC. The transmitter - is supposed to send +12 VDC or -12 VDC, and the receiver is supposed - to allow for some voltage loss in long cables. Some transmitters - in low power devices (like portable computers) sometimes use only - +5 VDC and -5 VDC, but these values are still acceptable to a - RS232-C receiver, provided that the cable lengths are short. - - -RS232-C Break Signal - -

RS232-C also specifies a signal called a "Break", which is caused - by sending continuous Spacing values (no Start or Stop bits). When - there is no electricity present on the data circuit, the line is - considered to be sending "Break". - - The "Break" signal must be of a duration longer than the time - it takes to send a complete byte plus Start, Stop and Parity bits. - Most UARTs can distinguish between a Framing Error and a - Break, but if the UART cannot do this, the Framing Error detection - can be used to identify Breaks. - - In the days of teleprinters, when numerous printers around the - country were wired in series (such as news services), any unit - could cause a "Break" by temporarily opening the entire circuit - so that no current flowed. This was used to allow a location with - urgent news to interrupt some other location that was currently - sending information. - - In modern systems there are two types of Break signals. If the - Break is longer than 1.6 seconds, it is considered a "Modem Break", - and some modems can be programmed to terminate the conversation and - go on-hook or enter the modems' command mode when the modem detects - this signal. If the Break is smaller than 1.6 seconds, it signifies - a Data Break and it is up to the remote computer to respond to - this signal. Sometimes this form of Break is used as an Attention - or Interrupt signal and sometimes is accepted as a substitute for - the ASCII CONTROL-C character. - - Marks and Spaces are also equivalent to "Holes" and "No Holes" - in paper tape systems. - - Note that Breaks cannot be generated from paper tape or from any - other byte value, since bytes are always sent with Start and Stop - bit. The UART is usually capable of generating the continuous - Spacing signal in response to a special command from the host - processor. - -RS232-C DTE and DCE Devices - -

The RS232-C specification defines two types of equipment: the Data - Terminal Equipment (DTE) and the Data Carrier Equipment (DCE). - Usually, the DTE device is the terminal (or computer), and the DCE - is a modem. Across the phone line at the other end of a - conversation, the receiving modem is also a DCE device and the - computer that is connected to that modem is a DTE device. The DCE - device receives signals on the pins that the DTE device transmits on, - and vice versa. - - When two devices that are both DTE or both DCE must be connected - together without a modem or a similar media translater between them, - a NULL modem must be used. The NULL modem electrically re-arranges - the cabling so that the transmitter output is connected to the - receiver input on the other device, and vice versa. Similar - translations are performed on all of the control signals so that - each device will see what it thinks are DCE (or DTE) signals from - the other device. - - The number of signals generated by the DTE and DCE devices are - not symmetrical. The DTE device generates fewer signals for - the DCE device than the DTE device receives from the DCE. - -RS232-C Pin Assignments - -

The EIA RS232-C specification (and the ITU equivalent, V.24) calls - for a twenty-five pin connector (usually a DB25) and defines the - purpose of most of the pins in that connector. - - In the IBM Personal Computer and similar systems, a subset of - RS232-C signals are provided via nine pin connectors (DB9). - The signals that are not included on the PC connector deal mainly - with synchronous operation, and this transmission mode is not - supported by the UART that IBM selected for use in the IBM PC. - - Depending on the computer manufacturer, a DB25, a DB9, or - both types of connector may be used for RS232-C communications. - (The IBM PC also uses a DB25 connector for the parallel printer - interface which causes some confusion.) - - Below is a table of the RS232-C signal assignments in the DB25 - and DB9 connectors. - - -DB25 DB9 EIA CCITT Common Signal Description -RS232-C IBM PC Circuit Circuit Name Source -Pin Pin Symbol Symbol - -1 - AA 101 PG/FG --- Frame/Protective Ground -2 3 BA 103 TD DTE Transmit Data -3 2 BB 104 RD DCE Receive Data -4 7 CA 105 RTS DTE Request to Send -5 8 CB 106 CTS DCE Clear to Send -6 6 CC 107 DSR DCE Data Set Ready -7 5 AV 102 SG/GND --- Signal Ground -8 1 CF 109 DCD/CD DCE Data Carrier Detect -9 - - - - - Reserved for Test -10 - - - - - Reserved for Test -11 - - - - - Unassigned -12 - CI 122 SRLSD DCE Sec. Recv. Line Signal Detector -13 - SCB 121 SCTS DCE Secondary Clear To Send -14 - SBA 118 STD DTE Secondary Transmit Data -15 - DB 114 TSET DCE Trans. Sig. Element Timing -16 - SBB 119 SRD DCE Secondary Received Data -17 - DD 115 RSET DCE Receiver Signal Element Timing -18 - - 141 LOOP DTE Local Loopback -19 - SCA 120 SRS DTE Secondary Request to Send -20 4 CD 108.2 DTR DTE Data Terminal Ready -21 - - - RDL DTE Remote Digital Loopback -22 9 CE 125 RI DCE Ring Indicator -23 - CH 111 DSRS DTE Data Signal Rate Selector -24 - DA 113 TSET DTE Trans. Sig. Element Timing -25 - - 142 - DCE Test Mode - - - - Bits, Baud and Symbols - -

Baud is a measurement of transmission speed in asynchronous - communication. Because of advances in modem communication - technology, this term is frequently misused when describing - the data rates in newer devices. - - Traditionally, a Baud Rate represents the number of bits that are - actually being sent over the media, not the amount of data - that is actually moved from one DTE device to the other. The - Baud count includes the overhead bits Start, Stop and Parity - that are generated by the sending UART and removed by the - receiving UART. This means that seven-bit words of data - actually take 10 bits to be completely transmitted. - Therefore, a modem capable of moving 300 bits per second from one - place to another can normally only move 30 7-bit words if - Parity is used and one Start and Stop bit are present. - - If 8-bit data words are used and Parity bits are also used, the - data rate falls to 27.27 words per second, because it now - takes 11 bits to send the eight-bit words, and the modem still - only sends 300 bits per second. - - The formula for converting bytes per second into a baud rate - and vice versa was simple until error-correcting modems - came along. These modems receive the serial stream of bits - from the UART in the host computer (even when internal modems - are used the data is still frequently serialized) and converts - the bits back into bytes. These bytes are then combined into - packets and sent over the phone line using a Synchronous - transmission method. This means that the Stop, Start, and Parity - bits added by the UART in the DTE (the computer) were removed by - the modem before transmission by the sending modem. When these - bytes are received by the remote modem, the remote modem adds - Start, Stop and Parity bits to the words, converts them to a - serial format and then sends them to the receiving UART in the remote - computer, who then strips the Start, Stop and Parity bits. - - The reason all these extra conversions are done is so that the - two modems can perform error correction, which means that the - receiving modem is able to ask the sending modem to resend a - block of data that was not received with the correct checksum. - This checking is handled by the modems, and the DTE devices are - usually unaware that the process is occurring. - - By striping the Start, Stop and Parity bits, the additional bits of - data that the two modems must share between themselves to perform - error-correction are mostly concealed from the effective - transmission rate seen by the sending and receiving DTE equipment. - For example, if a modem sends ten 7-bit words to another modem - without including the Start, Stop and Parity bits, the sending - modem will be able to add 30 bits of its own information that - the receiving modem can use to do error-correction without - impacting the transmission speed of the real data. - - The use of the term Baud is further confused by modems that perform - compression. A single 8-bit word passed over the telephone - line might represent a dozen words that were transmitted to - the sending modem. The receiving modem will expand the data back - to its original content and pass that data to the receiving DTE. - - Modern modems also include buffers that allow the rate that - bits move across the phone line (DCE to DCE) to be a different speed - than the speed that the bits move between the DTE and DCE on both - ends of the conversation. Normally the speed between the DTE and - DCE is higher than the DCE to DCE speed because of the use of - compression by the modems. - - Because the number of bits needed to describe a byte varied - during the trip between the two machines plus the differing - bits-per-seconds speeds that are used present on the DTE-DCE and - DCE-DCE links, the usage of the term Baud to describe the - overall communication speed causes problems and can misrepresent - the true transmission speed. So Bits Per Second (bps) is the correct - term to use to describe the transmission rate seen at the - DCE to DCE interface and Baud or Bits Per Second are acceptable - terms to use when a connection is made between two systems with a - wired connection, or if a modem is in use that is not performing - error-correction or compression. - - Modern high speed modems (2400, 9600, 14,400, and 19,200bps) in - reality still operate at or below 2400 baud, or more accurately, - 2400 Symbols per second. High speed modem are able to encode more - bits of data into each Symbol using a technique called Constellation - Stuffing, which is why the effective bits per second rate of the - modem is higher, but the modem continues to operate within the - limited audio bandwidth that the telephone system provides. - Modems operating at 28,800 and higher speeds have variable Symbol - rates, but the technique is the same. - - The IBM Personal Computer UART - -

Starting with the original IBM Personal Computer, IBM selected - the National Semiconductor INS8250 UART for use in the IBM PC - Parallel/Serial Adapter. Subsequent generations of compatible - computers from IBM and other vendors continued to use the INS8250 - or improved versions of the National Semiconductor UART family. - - -National Semiconductor UART Family Tree - -

There have been several versions and subsequent generations of - the INS8250 UART. Each major version is described below. - - - INS8250 -> INS8250B - \ - \ - \-> INS8250A -> INS82C50A - \ - \ - \-> NS16450 -> NS16C450 - \ - \ - \-> NS16550 -> NS16550A -> PC16550D - - - - INS8250This part was used in the original IBM PC and - IBM PC/XT. The original name for this part was the INS8250 ACE - (Asynchronous Communications Element) and it is made from NMOS - technology. - - The 8250 uses eight I/O ports and has a one-byte send and - a one-byte receive buffer. This original UART has several - race conditions and other flaws. The original IBM BIOS - includes code to work around these flaws, but this made - the BIOS dependent on the flaws being present, so subsequent - parts like the 8250A, 16450 or 16550 could not be used in - the original IBM PC or IBM PC/XT. - - INS8250-BThis is the slower speed of the INS8250 made - from NMOS technology. It contains the same problems as the original - INS8250. - - INS8250AAn improved version of the INS8250 using XMOS - technology with various functional flaws corrected. The INS8250A - was used initially in PC clone computers by vendors who used - "clean" BIOS designs. Because of the corrections in the chip, this - part could not be used with a BIOS compatible with the INS8250 - or INS8250B. - - INS82C50AThis is a CMOS version (low power consumption) - of the INS8250A and has similar functional characteristics. - - NS16450Same as NS8250A with improvements so it can be - used with faster CPU bus designs. IBM used this part in the IBM AT - and updated the IBM BIOS to no longer rely on the bugs in the - INS8250. - - NS16C450This is a CMOS version (low power consumption) - of the NS16450. - - NS16550Same as NS16450 with a 16-byte send and receive - buffer but the buffer design was flawed and could not be reliably - be used. - - NS16550ASame as NS16550 with the buffer flaws corrected. - The 16550A and its successors have become the most popular UART - design in the PC industry, mainly due it its ability to reliably - handle higher data rates on operating systems with sluggish interrupt - response times. - - NS16C552This component consists of two NS16C550A CMOS - UARTs in a single package. - - PC16550DSame as NS16550A with subtle flaws corrected. This - is revision D of the 16550 family and is the latest design available - from National Semiconductor. - - -The NS16550AF and the PC16550D are the same thing - -

National reorganized their part numbering system a few years ago, - and the NS16550AFN no longer exists by that name. (If you - have a NS16550AFN, look at the date code on the part, which is a - four digit number that usually starts with a nine. The first two - digits of the number are the year, and the last two digits are the - week in that year when the part was packaged. If you have a - NS16550AFN, it is probably a few years old.) - - The new numbers are like PC16550DV, with minor differences in the - suffix letters depending on the package material and its shape. - (A description of the numbering system can be found below.) - - It is important to understand that in some stores, you may pay - $15(US) for a NS16550AFN made in 1990 and in the next bin are the - new PC16550DN parts with minor fixes that National has made since the - AFN part was in production, the PC16550DN was probably made in the - past six months and it costs half (as low as $5(US) in volume) as - much as the NS16550AFN because they are readily available. - - As the supply of NS16550AFN chips continues to shrink, the price will - probably continue to increase until more people discover and accept - that the PC16550DN really has the same function as the old part - number. - -National Semiconductor Part Numbering System - -

The older NSnnnnnrqp part numbers are now of the - format PCnnnnnrgp. - - The "r" is the revision field. The current revision of - the 16550 from National Semiconductor is "D". - - The "p" is the package-type field. The types are: - "F" QFP (quad flat pack) L lead type - "N" DIP (dual inline package) through hole straight lead type - "V" LPCC (lead plastic chip carrier) J lead type - - The "g" is the product grade field. If an "I" precedes - the package-type letter, it indicates an "industrial" grade part, - which has higher specs than a standard part but not as high as - Military Specification (Milspec) component. This is an optional field. - - So what we used to call a NS16550AFN (DIP Package) is now called a - PC16550DN or PC16550DIN. - - - Other Vendors and Similar UARTs - -

Over the years, the 8250, 8250A, 16450 and 16550 have been licensed - or copied by other chip vendors. In the case of the 8250, 8250A - and 16450, the exact circuit (the "megacell") was licensed to many - vendors, including Western Digital and Intel. Other vendors - reverse-engineered the part or produced emulations that had similar - behavior. - - In internal modems, the modem designer will frequently emulate the - 8250A/16450 with the modem microprocessor, and the emulated UART will - frequently have a hidden buffer consisting of several hundred bytes. - Because of the size of the buffer, these emulations can be as - reliable as a 16550A in their ability to handle high speed data. - However, most operating systems will still report that - the UART is only a 8250A or 16450, and may not make effective use - of the extra buffering present in the emulated UART unless special - drivers are used. - - Some modem makers are driven by market forces to abandon a design - that has hundreds of bytes of buffer and instead use a 16550A UART - so that the product will compare favorably in market comparisons - even though the effective performance may be lowered by this action. - - A common misconception is that all parts with "16550A" written on - them are identical in performance. There are differences, and in - some cases, outright flaws in most of these 16550A clones. - - When the NS16550 was developed, the National Semiconductor obtained - several patents on the design and they also limited licensing, making - it harder for other vendors to provide a chip with similar features. - Because of the patents, reverse-engineered designs and emulations - had to avoid infringing the claims covered by the patents. - Subsequently, these copies almost never perform exactly the same as - the NS16550A or PC16550D, which are the parts most computer and - modem makers want to buy but are sometimes unwilling to pay the - price required to get the genuine part. - - Some of the differences in the clone 16550A parts are unimportant, - while others can prevent the device from being used at all with a - given operating system or driver. These differences may show up - when using other drivers, or when particular combinations of events - occur that were not well tested or considered in the Windows driver. - This is because most modem vendors and 16550-clone makers use the - Microsoft drivers from Windows for Workgroups 3.11 and the Microsoft - MSD utility as the primary tests for compatibility with the - NS16550A. This over-simplistic criteria means that if a different - operating system is used, problems could appear due to subtle - differences between the clones and genuine components. - - National Semiconductor has made available a program named COMTEST - that performs compatibility tests independent of any OS drivers. - It should be remembered that the purpose of this type of program is - to demonstrate the flaws in the products of the competition, so the - program will report major as well as extremely subtle differences in - behavior in the part being tested. - - In a series of tests performed by the author of this document in - 1994, components made by National Semiconductor, TI, StarTech, and - CMD as well as megacells and emulations embedded in internal modems - were tested with COMTEST. A difference count for some of these - components is listed below. Because these tests were performed in - 1994, they may not reflect the current performance of the given - product from a vendor. - - It should be noted that COMTEST normally aborts when an excessive - number or certain types of problems have been detected. As part of - this testing, COMTEST was modified so that it would not abort no - matter how many differences were encountered. - - -Vendor Part number Errors aka "differences" reported -National (PC16550DV) 0 * - -National (NS16550AFN) 0 - -National (NS16C552V) 0 * - -TI (TL16550AFN) 3 - -CMD (16C550PE) 19 - -StarTech (ST16C550J) 23 - -Rockwell reference modem - with internal 16550 or an - emulation (RC144DPi/C3000-25) 117 - -Sierra modem with an internal - 16550 (SC11951/SC11351) 91 - -

It is important to understand that a simple count of differences - from COMTEST does not reveal a lot about what differences are - important and which are not. For example, about half of the - differences reported in the two modems listed above that have - internal UARTs were caused by the clone UARTs not supporting - five- and six-bit character modes. The real 16550, 16450, and - 8250 UARTs all support these modes and COMTEST checks the - functionality of these modes so over fifty differences are - reported. However, almost no modern modem supports five- or - six-bit characters, particularly those with error-correction - and compression capabilities. This means that the differences - related to five- and six-bit character modes can be discounted. - - Many of the differences COMTEST reports have to do with timing. In - many of the clone designs, when the host reads from one port, the - status bits in some other port may not update in the same amount - of time (some faster, some slower) as a real NS16550AFN - and COMTEST looks for these differences. This means that the number - of differences can be misleading in that one device may only have - one or two differences but they are extremely serious, and some - other device that updates the status registers faster or slower - than the reference part (that would probably never affect the - operation of a properly written driver) could have dozens of - differences reported. - - * To date, the author of this document has not found any non-National - parts that report zero differences using the COMTEST program. It - should also be noted that National has had five versions of the - 16550 over the years and the newest parts behave a bit differently - than the classic NS16550AFN that is considered the benchmark for - functionality. COMTEST appears to turn a blind eye to the - differences within the National product line and reports no errors - on the National parts (except for the original 16550) even when - there are official erratas that describe bugs in the A, B and C - revisions of the parts, so this bias in COMTEST must be taken into - account. - - COMTEST can be used as a screening tool to alert the administrator - to the presence of potentially incompatible components - that might cause problems or have to be handled as a special case. - - If you run COMTEST on a 16550 that is in a modem or a modem is - attached to the serial port, you need to first issue a ATE0&W - command to the modem so that the modem will not echo any of the test - characters. If you forget to do this, COMTEST will report at least - this one difference: - Error (6)...Timeout interrupt failed: IIR = c1 LSR = 61 - - - 8250/16450/16550 Registers - -

The 8250/16450/16550 UART occupies eight contiguous I/O port - addresses. In the IBM PC, there are two defined locations for - these eight ports and they are known collectively as COM1 and COM2. - The makers of PC-clones and add-on cards have created two additional - areas known as COM3 and COM4, but these extra COM ports conflict - with other hardware on some systems. The most common conflict is - with video adapters that provide IBM 8514 emulation. - - -COM1 is located from 0x3f8 to 0x3ff and normally uses IRQ 4 -COM2 is located from 0x2f8 to 0x2ff and normally uses IRQ 3 -COM3 is located from 0x3e8 to 0x3ef and has no standardized IRQ -COM4 is located from 0x2e8 to 0x2ef and has no standardized IRQ - -

A description of the I/O ports of the 8250/16450/16550 UART is -provided below. - - -I/O Access Description -Port Allowed - -+0x00 write Transmit Holding Register (THR) - (DLAB==0) Information written to this port are treated - as data words and will be transmitted by the - UART. - -+0x00 read Receive Buffer Register (RBR) - (DLAB==0) Any data words received by the UART from the - serial link are accessed by the host by - reading this port. - - -+0x00 write/read Divisor Latch LSB (DLL) - (DLAB==1) This value will be divided from the master - input clock (in the IBM PC, the master - clock is 1.8432MHz) and the resulting clock - will determine the baud rate of the UART. - This register holds bits 0 thru 7 of the - divisor. - - -+0x01 write/read Divisor Latch MSB (DLH) - (DLAB==1) This value will be divided from the master - input clock (in the IBM PC, the master - clock is 1.8432MHz) and the resulting clock - will determine the baud rate of the UART. - This register holds bits 8 thru 15 of the - divisor. - - -+0x01 write/read Interrupt Enable Register (IER) - (DLAB==0) The 8250/16450/16550 UART classifies events into - one of four categories. Each category can be - configured to generate an interrupt when any of - the events occurs. The 8250/16450/16550 UART - generates a single external interrupt signal - regardless of how many events in the enabled - categories have occurred. It is up to the host - processor to respond to the interrupt and then - poll the enabled interrupt categories (usually - all categories have interrupts enabled) to - determine the true cause(s) of the interrupt. - - Bit 7 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 6 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 5 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 4 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 3 Enable Modem Status Interrupt (EDSSI) - Setting this bit to "1" allows the UART - to generate an interrupt when a - change occurs on one or more of the - status lines. - - Bit 2 Enable Receiver Line Status - Interrupt (ELSI) - Setting this bit to "1" causes the UART - to generate an interrupt when the - an error (or a BREAK signal) has been - detected in the incoming data. - - Bit 1 Enable Transmitter Holding Register - Empty Interrupt (ETBEI) - Setting this bit to "1" causes the UART - to generate an interrupt when the - UART has room for one or more - additional characters that are to - be transmitted. - - Bit 0 Enable Received Data Available - Interrupt (ERBFI) - Setting this bit to "1" causes the UART - to generate an interrupt when the UART - has received enough characters to exceed - the trigger level of the FIFO, or the - FIFO timer has expired (stale data), or - a single character has been received - when the FIFO is disabled. - - -+0x02 write FIFO Control Register (FCR) - (This port does not exist on the 8250 and 16450 - UART.) - - Bit 7 Receiver Trigger Bit #1 - Bit 6 Receiver Trigger Bit #0 - These two bits control at what point the - receiver is to generate an interrupt when - the FIFO is active. - - 7 6 How many words are received - before an interrupt is generated. - 0 0 1 - - 0 1 4 - - 1 0 8 - - 1 1 14 - - Bit 5 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 4 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 3 DMA Mode Select - If Bit 0 is set to "1" (FIFOs enabled), - setting this bit changes the operation - of the -RXRDY and -TXRDY signals from - Mode 0 to Mode 1. - - Bit 2 Transmit FIFO Reset - When a "1" is written to this bit, - the contents of the FIFO are discarded. - Any word currently being transmitted - will be sent intact. This function is - useful in aborting transfers. - - Bit 1 Receiver FIFO Reset - When a "1" is written to this bit, - the contents of the FIFO are discarded. - Any word currently being assembled - in the shift register will be received - intact. - - Bit 0 16550 FIFO Enable - When set, both the transmit and receive - FIFOs are enabled. Any contents in the - holding register, shift registers or - FIFOs are lost when FIFOs are enabled or - disabled. - - -+0x02 read Interrupt Identification Register (IIR) - - Bit 7 FIFOs enabled. - On the 8250/16450 UART, this bit is zero. - - Bit 6 FIFOs enabled. - On the 8250/16450 UART, this bit is zero. - - Bit 5 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 4 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 3 Interrupt ID Bit #2 - On the 8250/16450 UART, this bit is zero. - Bit 2 Interrupt ID Bit #1 - Bit 1 Interrupt ID Bit #0 - These three bits combine to report - the category of event that caused the - interrupt that is in progress. These - categories have priorities, so if - multiple categories of events occur at - the same time, the UART will report the - more important events first and the host - must resolve the events in the order they - are reported. All events that caused the - current interrupt must be resolved before - any new interrupts will be generated. - (This is a limitation of the PC - architecture.) - - 2 1 0 Priority Description - - 0 1 1 First Receiver Error - (OE, PE, BI or FE) - - 0 1 0 Second Received Data - Available - - 1 1 0 Second Trigger level - identification - (Stale data in - receive buffer) - - 0 0 1 Third Transmitter has - room for more - words (THRE) - - 0 0 0 Fourth Modem Status - Change (-CTS, - -DSR, -RI, or - -DCD) - - Bit 0 Interrupt Pending Bit - If this bit is set to "0", then at least - one interrupt is pending. - - -+0x03 write/read Line Control Register (LCR) - - Bit 7 Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) - When set, access to the data - transmit/receive register (THR/RBR) and - the Interrupt Enable Register (IER) is - disabled. Any access to these ports is - now redirected to the Divisor Latch - Registers. Setting this bit, loading - the Divisor Registers, and clearing - DLAB should be done with interrupts - disabled. - - Bit 6 Set Break - When set to "1", the transmitter begins - to transmit continuous Spacing until - this bit is set to "0". This overrides - any bits of characters that are being - transmitted. - - Bit 5 Stick Parity - When parity is enabled, setting this - bit causes parity to always be "1" or - "0", based on the value of Bit 4. - - Bit 4 Even Parity Select (EPS) - When parity is enabled and Bit 5 is "0", - setting this bit causes even parity - to be transmitted and expected. - Otherwise, odd parity is used. - - Bit 3 Parity Enable (PEN) - When set to "1", a parity bit is - inserted between the last bit of the - data and the Stop Bit. The UART will - also expect parity to be present in - the received data. - - Bit 2 Number of Stop Bits (STB) - If set to "1" and using 5-bit data words, - 1.5 Stop Bits are transmitted and - expected in each data word. For 6, 7 - and 8-bit data words, 2 Stop Bits are - transmitted and expected. When this bit - is set to "0", one Stop Bit is used on - each data word. - - Bit 1 Word Length Select Bit #1 (WLSB1) - Bit 0 Word Length Select Bit #0 (WLSB0) - Together these bits specify the number - of bits in each data word. - - 1 0 Word Length - - 0 0 5 Data Bits - 0 1 6 Data Bits - 1 0 7 Data Bits - 1 1 8 Data Bits - - -+0x04 write/read Modem Control Register (MCR) - - Bit 7 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 6 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 5 Reserved, always 0. - - Bit 4 Loop-Back Enable - When set to "1", the UART transmitter - and receiver are internally connected - together to allow diagnostic operations. - In addition, the UART modem control - outputs are connected to the UART modem - control inputs. CTS is connected to RTS, - DTR is connected to DSR, OUT1 is - connected to RI, and OUT 2 is connected - to DCD. - - Bit 3 OUT 2 - An auxiliary output that the host - processor may set high or low. - In the IBM PC serial adapter (and most - clones), OUT 2 is used to tri-state - (disable) the interrupt signal from the - 8250/16450/16550 UART. - - Bit 2 OUT 1 - An auxiliary output that the host - processor may set high or low. - This output is not used on the IBM PC - serial adapter. - - Bit 1 Request to Send (RTS) - When set to "1", the output of the UART - -RTS line is Low (Active). - - Bit 0 Data Terminal Ready (DTR) - When set to "1", the output of the UART - -DTR line is Low (Active). - - -+0x05 write/read Line Status Register (LSR) - - Bit 7 Error in Receiver FIFO - On the 8250/16450 UART, this bit is zero. - This bit is set to "1" when any of - the bytes in the FIFO have one or more - of the following error conditions: PE, - FE, or BI. - - Bit 6 Transmitter Empty (TEMT) - When set to "1", there are no words - remaining in the transmit FIFO or the - transmit shift register. The - transmitter is completely idle. - - Bit 5 Transmitter Holding Register Empty (THRE) - When set to "1", the FIFO (or holding - register) now has room for at least one - additional word to transmit. The - transmitter may still be transmitting - when this bit is set to "1". - - Bit 4 Break Interrupt (BI) - The receiver has detected a Break signal. - - Bit 3 Framing Error (FE) - A Start Bit was detected but the Stop - Bit did not appear at the expected time. - The received word is probably garbled. - - Bit 2 Parity Error (PE) - The parity bit was incorrect for the - word received. - - Bit 1 Overrun Error (OE) - A new word was received and there - was no room in the receive buffer. The - newly-arrived word in the shift - register is discarded. On 8250/16450 - UARTs, the word in the holding - register is discarded and the newly- - arrived word is put in the holding - register. - - Bit 0 Data Ready (DR) - One or more words are in the - receive FIFO that the host may read. - A word must be completely received - and moved from the shift register into - the FIFO (or holding register for - 8250/16450 designs) before this bit is - set. - - -+0x06 write/read Modem Status Register (MSR) - - Bit 7 Data Carrier Detect (DCD) - Reflects the state of the DCD line - on the UART. - - Bit 6 Ring Indicator (RI) - Reflects the state of the RI line on - the UART. - - Bit 5 Data Set Ready (DSR) - Reflects the state of the DSR line on - the UART. - - Bit 4 Clear To Send (CTS) - Reflects the state of the CTS line on - the UART. - - Bit 3 Delta Data Carrier Detect (DDCD) - Set to "1" if the -DCD line has changed - state one more more times since the last - time the MSR was read by the host. - - Bit 2 Trailing Edge Ring Indicator (TERI) - Set to "1" if the -RI line has had a - low to high transition since the last - time the MSR was read by the host. - - Bit 1 Delta Data Set Ready (DDSR) - Set to "1" if the -DSR line has changed - state one more more times since the last - time the MSR was read by the host. - - Bit 0 Delta Clear To Send (DCTS) - Set to "1" if the -CTS line has changed - state one more more times since the last - time the MSR was read by the host. - - -+0x07 write/read Scratch Register (SCR) - This register performs no function in the - UART. Any value can be written by the host to - this location and read by the host later on. - - - Beyond the 16550A UART - -

Although National Semiconductor has not offered any components - compatible with the 16550 that provide additional features, - various other vendors have. Some of these components are described - below. It should be understood that to effectively utilize these - improvements, drivers may have to be provided by the chip vendor - since most of the popular operating systems do not support features - beyond those provided by the 16550. - - -ST16650By default this part is similar to the NS16550A, but an - extended 32-byte send and receive buffer can be optionally - enabled. Made by Startech. - -TIL16660By default this part behaves similar to the NS16550A, - but an extended 64-byte send and receive buffer can be - optionally enabled. Made by Texas Instruments. - -Hayes ESPThis proprietary plug-in card contains a 2048-byte - send and receive buffer, and supports data rates - to 230.4Kbit/sec. Made by Hayes. - - -

In addition to these "dumb" UARTs, many vendors produce - intelligent serial communication boards. This type of design - usually provides a microprocessor that interfaces with several - UARTs, processes and buffers the data, and then alerts the main - PC processor when necessary. Because the UARTs are not directly - accessed by the PC processor in this type of communication system, - it is not necessary for the vendor to use UARTs that are compatible - with the 8250, 16450, or the 16550 UART. This leaves the - designer free to components that may have better performance - characteristics. - - - diff --git a/share/doc/handbook/userppp.sgml b/share/doc/handbook/userppp.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 1bc7aae..0000000 --- a/share/doc/handbook/userppp.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,751 +0,0 @@ - - - -Setting up user PPP

User PPP was introduced to FreeBSD in release 2.0.5 as an - addition to the existing kernel implementation of PPP. So, - what is different about this new PPP that warrants its - addition? To quote from the manual page: - - - This is a user process PPP software package. Normally, PPP is - implemented as a part of the kernel (e.g. as managed by pppd) and - it is thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behavior. However, - in this implementation PPP is done as a user process with the help of - the tunnel device driver (tun). - - - In essence, this means that rather than running a PPP daemon, the ppp - program can be run as and when desired. No PPP interface needs to be - compiled into the kernel, as the program can use the generic tunnel - device to get data into and out of the kernel. - - From here on out, user ppp will be referred to simply as ppp unless a - distinction needs to be made between it and any other PPP client/server - software. Unless otherwise stated, all commands in this section should - be executed as root. - -Before you start - -

This document assumes you are in roughly this position: - - You have an account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) which lets you - use PPP. Further, you have a modem (or other device) connected and - configured correctly which allows you to connect to your ISP. - - You are going to need the following information to hand: - - - The IP address of your ISP's gateway. The gateway is the - machine to which you will connect and will - be set up as your default route. - - Your ISP's netmask setting. If you can't determine this, - assume a netmask of 0xffffff00. - - The IP addresses of one or more nameservers. Normally, you - will be given two IP numbers. - - If your ISP allocates you a static IP address and/or hostname - then you will need that as well. If not, you will need to know - from what range of IP addresses your allocated IP address will - belong. If you havn't been given this range, you can accept - any IP number (as explained later). - - - If you do not have any of this information then contact your ISP and make - sure they provide it to you. - - In addition, it is assumed that because your connection to the - Internet is not full time you are not running a name server - (named(8)). If this is not the case, ignore any - information on setting up the /etc/resolv.conf file. - -Building a ppp ready kernel - -

As the description states, ``ppp'' uses the kernel ``tun'' device. - It is necessary to make sure that your kernel has support for this - device compiled in. - - To check this, go to your kernel compile directory (probably - /sys/i386/conf) and examine your kernel configuration file. - It needs to have the line - - - pseudo-device tun 1 - - - in it somewhere. The stock GENERIC kernel has this as standard, so - if you have not installed a custom kernel or you do not have a /sys - directory, you do not have to change anything. - If your kernel configuration file does not have this line in it, or - you need to configure more than one tun device (for example, if - you are setting up a server and could have 16 dialup ppp connections - at any one time then you will need to use ``16'' instead of ``1''), - then you should add the line, re-compile, re-install and boot the new - kernel. Please refer to the - - section for more information on kernel configuration. - -

You can check how many tunnel devices your current kernel has by - typing the following: - - - # ifconfig -a - tun0: flags=8051 mtu 1500 - inet 200.10.100.1 --> 203.10.100.24 netmask 0xffffffff - tun1: flags=8050 mtu 576 - tun2: flags=8051 mtu 1500 - inet 203.10.100.1 --> 203.10.100.20 netmask 0xffffffff - tun3: flags=8050 mtu 1500 - - - which in this case shows four tunnel devices, two of which are - currently configured and being used. - -

If you have a kernel without the tun device, and you can not - rebuild it for some reason, all is not lost. You should be - able to dynamically load the code. Refer to the appropriate - modload(8) and lkm(4) pages for further details. - -

You may also wish to take this opportunity to configure a firewall. - Details can be found in the - section. - -Check the tun device - -

Most users will only require one ``tun'' device (tun0). If you have - used more (i.e., a number other than `1' in the pseudo-device line - in the kernel configuration file) then alter all references to ``tun0'' - below to reflect whichever device number you are using. - - The easiest way to make sure that the tun0 device is configured correctly - is to re-make it. To this end, execute the following commands: - - - # cd /dev - # ./MAKEDEV tun0 - - -

If you require 16 tunnel devices in your kernel, you will need to - create more than just tun0: - - - # cd /dev - # ./MAKEDEV tun0 tun1 tun2 tun3 tun4 tun5 tun6 tun7 tun8 tun9 - # ./MAKEDEV tun10 tun11 tun12 tun13 tun14 tun15 - - -

Also, to confirm that the kernel is configured correctly, - the following command should give the indicated output: - - - $ ifconfig tun0 - tun0: flags=8050 mtu 1500 - $ - - -PPP Name Resolution Configuration - -

The resolver is the part of the networking system that turns IP - addresses into hostnames and vice versa. It can be configured - to look for maps that describe IP to hostname mappings in one - of two places. The first is a file called /etc/hosts - (man 5 hosts). The second is the Internet Domain Name - Service (DNS), a distributed data base, the discussion of which - is beyond the scope of this document. - -

This section describes briefly how to configure your resolver. If - you are already running a DNS, this section may be skipped. - -

The resolver is a set of system calls that do the name mappings, but - you have to tell them where to get their information from. You do - this by first editing the file /etc/host.conf. Do - not call this file /etc/hosts.conf (note the extra - ``s'') as the results can be confusing. - -Edit the /etc/host.conf file - -

This file should contain the following two lines: - - - hosts - bind - - which instructs the resolver to first look in the file - /etc/hosts, and then to consult the DNS if the - name was not found. - -Edit the /etc/hosts(5) file - -

This file should contain the IP addresses and names of machines on your - network. At a bare minimum it should contain entries for the machine - which will be running ppp. Assuming that your machine is called - foo.bar.com with the IP address 10.0.0.1, /etc/hosts should - contain: - - - 127.0.0.1 localhost - 10.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo - - - The first line defines the alias ``localhost'' as a synonym for the - current machine. Regardless of your own IP address, the IP address for - this line should always be 127.0.0.1. The second line maps the name - ``foo.bar.com'' (and the shorthand ``foo'') to the IP address 10.0.0.1. - - If your provider allocates you a static IP address then use this in place - of 10.0.0.1. - -Edit the /etc/resolv.conf file - -

/etc/resolv.conf contains some extra information required when - you are not running a nameserver. It points the resolver routines at real - nameservers, and specifies some other information. - - At the very least, /etc/resolv.conf should contain one line with - a nameserver which can be queried, but two nameservers are preferable. - You should enter these as IP addresses, for example: - - - nameserver 1.2.3.4 - nameserver 1.2.3.5 - - - Add as many ``nameserver'' lines as your ISP provides nameservers. - Refer to the resolv.conf manual page for further details of entries - in this file. - -PPP Configuration - -

Both user ppp and pppd (the kernel level implementation of PPP) - use configuration files located in the /etc/ppp directory. - The sample configuration files provided are a good reference for - user ppp, so don't delete them. - -

Configuring ppp requires that you edit up to three files, depending - on your requirements. What you put in them depends to some extent - on whether your ISP allocates IP addresses statically (i.e., you get - given one IP address, and always use that one) or dynamically (i.e., - your IP address can be different during different PPP sessions). - -PPP and static IP addresses - -

You will need to create three files in the /etc/ppp - directory. - -

The first of these files is ppp.conf. It should look - similar to the example below. Note that lines that end in a - ``:'' start in column 1, all other lines should be indented as - shown using spaces or tabs. - - /etc/ppp/ppp.conf - -1 default: -2 set device /dev/cuaa0 -3 set speed 38400 -4 set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 5 \"\" ATE1Q0 OK-AT-OK -\\dATDT\\T TIMEOUT 40 CONNECT" -5 provider: -6 set phone 01234567890 -7 set login "TIMEOUT 10 gin:-BREAK-gin: foo word: bar col: ppp" -8 set timeout 120 -9 set ifaddr x.x.x.x y.y.y.y -10 delete ALL -11 add 0 0 y.y.y.y -12 set openmode active - - Do not include the line numbers, they are just for reference in - this discussion. - - -/dev/cuaa0 and COM2: is /dev/cuaa1. - -chat(8) program. Refer to the manual page - for information on the features of this language. - - - J. Random Provider - login: foo - password: bar - protocol: ppp - - - You will need to alter this script to suit your own needs. - - - -

The second of these files is /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup: - - - x.x.x.x: - delete ALL - add 0 0 HISADDR - - -

Replace x.x.x.x with your IP address as before. This file is used to - automatically delete all existing routes for the acquired line and - add a default route from your ISP (who's address is automatically - inserted with the HISADDR macro) to you. - -

With a static IP number assigned by your ISP, you don't actually - need an entry in /etc/ppp.linkup, but again, it doesn't - do any harm to have it. - -

Finally, the third of these files is /etc/ppp/ppp.secret. - This file allows you to set some passwords to control access to - your ppp server. You may or may not want to configure this file, - depending on how many people have access to your ppp system. - -

Examples can be found in the /etc/ppp directory. - -PPP and Dynamic IP addresses - -

If your service provider does not assign static IP numbers, - ppp can be configured to negotiate the local and - remote addresses. This is done by "guessing" an IP number - and allowing ppp to set it up correctly using the LCP at - connection time. Otherwise, the configuration is the same as - that of a static IP configuration. - -

Put the following lines in your ppp.conf file: - - - ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 255.255.255.0 - delete ALL - add 0 0 10.0.0.2 - - -

You should NOT use 0 as either IP address. If you do, ppp will not be - able to set up the correct initial entries in the routing table. - -

The number after the ``/'' character is the number of bits of - the address that ppp will insist on. - -

Note also that the HISADDR macro is not yet available in - ppp.conf, only in ppp.linkup. - -

See the pmdemand entry in the files /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample and - /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup.sample for a detailed example. - -Receiving incoming calls with PPP - -

This section describes setting up iijppp in a server role. - -

When you configure ppp to receive incoming calls, you - must decide whether you wish to forward packets for just - ppp connections, for all interfaces, or not at all. - To forward for just ppp connections, include the line - - - enable proxy - - - in your ppp.conf file. If you wish to forward packets on all - interfaces, use the - - - gateway=YES - - - option in /etc/rc.conf (this file used to be called - /etc/sysconfig). - -Which getty? - -

- provides a good description on enabling dialup services using getty. - -

An alternative to getty is - , - a smarter version of getty designed with dialup lines in mind. - -

The advantages of using mgetty is that it actively talks to - modems, meaning if port is turned off in /etc/ttys then - your modem won't answer the phone. - -

Later versions of mgetty (from 0.99beta onwards) also support the - automatic detection of PPP streams, allowing your clients script-less - access to your server. - -

Obtaining and configuring mgetty correctly is beyond the scope of - this document. - -Setting up a PPP shell for dynamic-IP users - -

Create a file called /etc/ppp/ppp-shell containing the - following: - - - #!/bin/sh - IDENT=`echo $0 | sed -e 's/^.*-\(.*\)$/\1/'` - CALLEDAS="$IDENT" - TTY=`tty` - - if [ x$IDENT = xdialup ]; then - IDENT=`basename $TTY` - fi - - echo "PPP for $CALLEDAS on $TTY" - echo "Starting PPP for $IDENT" - - exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT - - -

This script should be executable. Now make a symbolic link called - ppp-dialup to this script using the following commands: - - - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup - - -

You should use this script as the shell for all your dialup - ppp users. This is an example from /etc/password - for a dialup PPP user with username pchilds. (remember don't directly - edit the password file, use vipw) - - - pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup - - -

Create a /home/ppp directory that is world readable - containing the following 0 byte files - - - -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 May 27 02:23 .hushlogin - -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 May 27 02:22 .rhosts - - - which prevents /etc/motd from being displayed. - -Setting up a PPP shell for static-IP users - -

Create the ppp-shell file as above and for each account with - statically assigned IPs create a symbolic link to ppp-shell. - -

For example, if you have three dialup customers fred, sam, and mary, - that you route class C networks for, you would type the following: - - - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary - - -

Each of these users dialup accounts should have their shell set - to the symbolic link created above. (ie. mary's shell should be - /etc/ppp/ppp-mary). - -Setting up ppp.conf for dynamic-IP users - -

The /etc/ppp/ppp.conf file should contain something along - the lines of - - - default: - set debug phase lcp chat - set timeout 0 - - ttyd0: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20 255.255.255.255 - enable proxy - - ttyd1: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.21 255.255.255.255 - enable proxy - - -

Note the indenting is important. - -

The default: section is loaded for each session. For each - dialup line enabled in /etc/ttys create an entry similar - to the one for ttyd0: above. Each line should get a unique - IP from your pool of ip address for dynamic users. - -Setting up ppp.conf for static-IP users - -

Along with the contents of the sample /etc/ppp/ppp.conf - above you should add a section for each of the statically assigned - dialup users. We will continue with our fred, sam, and mary example. - - - fred: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255 - - sam: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.102.1 255.255.255.255 - - mary: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.103.1 255.255.255.255 - - -

The file /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup should also contain routing - information for each static IP user if required. The line below - would add a route for the 203.14.101.0 class C via - the client's ppp link. - - - fred: - add 203.14.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR - - sam: - add 203.14.102.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR - - mary: - add 203.14.103.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR - - -More on mgetty, AutoPPP, and MS extensions - -Mgetty and AutoPPP - -

Configuring and compiling mgetty with the AUTO_PPP option enabled - allows mgetty to detect the LCP phase of PPP connections and automatically - spawn off a ppp shell. However, since the default login/password sequence - does not occur it is necessary to authenticate users using either PAP - or CHAP. - -

This section assumes the user has successfully configured, compiled, and - installed a version of mgetty with the AUTO_PPP option (v0.99beta or later) - -

Make sure your /usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config file - has the following in it: - - - /AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup - - -

This will tell mgetty to run the ppp-pap-dialup script for - detected PPP connections. - -

Create a file called /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup containing the - following (the file should be executable): - - - #!/bin/sh - TTY=`tty` - IDENT=`basename $TTY` - exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT - - -

For each dialup line enabled in /etc/ttys create a corresponding - entry in /etc/ppp/ppp.conf. This will happily co-exist with - the definitions we created above. - - - papttyd0: - enable pap - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20 255.255.255.255 - enable proxy - - papttyd1: - enable pap - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.21 255.255.255.255 - enable proxy - - -

Each user logging in with this method will need to have a username/password - in /etc/ppp/ppp.secret file, or alternatively add the - - - enable passwdauth - - - option to authenticate users via pap from the /etc/passwordd - file. (*) - -

(*) Note this option only available in 2.2-961014-SNAP or later, or by - getting the updated ppp code for 2.1.x. (see MS extensions below for details) - -MS extentions - -

From 2.2-961014-SNAP onwards it is possible to allow the automatic - negotiation of DNS and NetBIOS name servers with clients supporting - this feature (namely Win95/NT clients). See RFC1877 for more details - on the protocol. - -

An example of enabling these extensions in your - /etc/ppp/ppp.conf file is illustrated below. - - - default: - set debug phase lcp chat - set timeout 0 - enable msext - set ns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2 - set nbns 203.14.100.5 - - -

This will tell the clients the primary and secondary - name server addresses, and a netbios nameserver host. - -Final system configuration - -

You now have PPP configured, but there are a few more things to - do before it is ready to work. They all involve editing the - /etc/rc.conf file (was /etc/sysconfig). - - Working from the top down in this file, make sure the ``hostname='' line - is set, e.g.: - - - hostname=foo.bar.com - - -

Look for the network_interfaces variable. If you want to configure - your system to dial your ISP on demand, make sure the tun0 device is - added to the list, otherwise remove it. - - - network_interfaces="lo0 tun0" - ifconfig_tun0= - - - Note, the ifconfig_tun0 variable should be empty, and - a file called /etc/start_if.tun0 should be created. This file - should contain the line - - - ppp -auto mysystem - - - This script is executed at network configuration time, starting - your ppp daemon in automatic mode. - -

Set the router program to ``NO'' with the line - - - router_enable=NO (/etc/rc.conf) - router=NO (/etc/sysconfig) - - - It is important that the routed daemon is not started - (the default) as routed tends to delete the default - routing table entries created by ppp. - -

It is probably worth your while ensuring that the ``sendmail_flags'' line - does not include the ``-q'' option, otherwise sendmail will attempt to do - a network lookup every now and then, possibly causing your machine to dial - out. You may try: - - - sendmail_flags="-bd" - - - The upshot of this is that you must force sendmail to re-examine the - mail queue whenever the ppp link is up by typing: - - - # /usr/sbin/sendmail -q - - - If you don't like this, it is possible to set up a "dfilter" to block - SMTP traffic. Refer to the sample files for further details. You - can also use a script in the ppp.linkup file to execute this - command. - - All that is left is to reboot the machine. - - You can now either type - - # ppp - - - and then ``dial provider'' to start the PPP session, or, if you - want ppp to establish sessions automatically when there is outbound - traffic (and you havn't created the start_if.tun0 script) , type - - - # ppp -auto provider - - -Summary - -

To recap, the following steps are necessary when setting up ppp - for the first time: - -

Client side: - - - Ensure that the tun device is built into your kernel. - Ensure that the tunX device file is available in the - /dev directory. - Create an entry in /etc/ppp.conf. The - pmdemand example should suffice for most - ISPs. - Create an entry in /etc/ppp.linkup. - Update your rc.conf (or sysconfig) file. - Create a start_if.tun0 script if you require demand - dialing. - - -

Server side: - - Ensure that the tun device is built into your kernel. - Ensure that the tunX device file is available in the - /dev directory. - Create an entry in /etc/passwd (using the vipw(8) - program). - Create a profile in this users home directory that - runs ``ppp -direct direct-server'' or similar. - Create an entry in /etc/ppp.conf. The - direct-server example should suffice. - Create an entry in /etc/ppp.linkup. - Update your rc.conf (or sysconfig) file. - - -Acknowledgments - -

Thanks to the following for their comments & suggestions: - -

&a.nik -

&a.dirkvangulik -

&a.pjc diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/Makefile b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index ec80e0c..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -# From: @(#)Makefile 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 -# $Id$ - -SUBDIR= handbook - -.include diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/Makefile b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 5cd4b51..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -# $Id: Makefile,v 1.9 1997/05/09 23:09:56 max Exp $ -# Original revision: 1.22 -# The FreeBSD Japanese Documentation Project - -DOC= handbook -DOCDIR=${SHAREDIR}/doc/ja_JP.EUC -FORMATS= html roff -SGMLOPTS+=-e EUC-JP - -SRCS= authors.sgml basics.sgml bibliography.sgml boothelp.sgml -SRCS+= booting.sgml contrib.sgml crypt.sgml ctm.sgml current.sgml cvsup.sgml -SRCS+= cyclades.sgml development.sgml dialup.sgml dialout.sgml -SRCS+= diskless.sgml dma.sgml eresources.sgml esdi.sgml -SRCS+= firewalls.sgml glossary.sgml goals.sgml -SRCS+= handbook.sgml history.sgml hw.sgml install.sgml isdn.sgml -SRCS+= kerberos.sgml kernelconfig.sgml kerneldebug.sgml kernelopts.sgml -SRCS+= lists.sgml mail.sgml memoryuse.sgml -SRCS+= mirrors.sgml nfs.sgml nutshell.sgml pgpkeys.sgml policies.sgml -SRCS+= porting.sgml ports.sgml ppp.sgml printing.sgml -SRCS+= quotas.sgml relnotes.sgml routing.sgml russian.sgml -SRCS+= serial.sgml scsi.sgml sections.sgml sio.sgml skey.sgml slipc.sgml -SRCS+= slips.sgml stable.sgml submitters.sgml sup.sgml synching.sgml -SRCS+= term.sgml userppp.sgml uart.sgml linuxemu.sgml -SRCS+= jcontrib.sgml jmembers.sgml - -.include diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/authors.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/authors.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index d93ca80..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/authors.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,490 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/basics.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/basics.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 6f1e252..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/basics.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,93 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Unix ¤Î´ðÁÃÃμ± - -

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- (in Chinese). - FreeBSDÆþÌ祭¥Ã¥È 98ÈÇÂèÆóÈÇ. µÜÖ¿Ãé¿Ã Ãø. - ½¨ÏÂ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à. ISBN4-87966-535-5 C3055 2900±ß. - FreeBSDÆþÌ祭¥Ã¥È AT¸ß´¹µ¡ÈÇ ÂèÆóÈÇ. µÜÖ¿Ãé¿Ã Ãø. - ½¨ÏÂ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à. ISBN4-87966-535-5 C3055 2900±ß. - ¤³¤³¤Þ¤Ç¤Ç¤­¤ë FreeBSD ¥Ñ¥ï¡¼¥¬¥¤¥É. - Áú»³ ¼¢ ÃçÆ» ²ÅÉ× »³Ã汦¼¡ Ãø. ½¨ÏÂ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à. - ISBN 4-87966-637-8 2600±ß. - - -

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- , published by . - - - - ÍøÍѼԸþ¤±¤Î¥¬¥¤¥É - -

- Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - 4.4BSD User's Reference Manual. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - ISBN 1-56592-075-9 - - Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - 4.4BSD User's Supplementary Documents. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - ISBN 1-56592-076-7 - - UNIX in a Nutshell. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1990. - ISBN 093717520X - - Mui, Linda. - What You Need To Know When You Can't Find Your UNIX - System Administrator. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. - ISBN 1-56592-104-6 - - has written - a which is available online - in HTML and postscript format. - - - - ´ÉÍý¼Ô¸þ¤±¤Î¥¬¥¤¥É - -

- - Albitz, Paul and Liu, Cricket. DNS and - BIND, 2nd Ed. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1997. - ISBN ISBN 1-56592-236-0 - (ÌõÃí: Âè°ìÈǤÎË®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - Àõ±©ÅлÖÌé / ¾å¿åήͳ¹á ´ÆÌõ. DNS & BIND. - ¥¢¥¹¥­¡¼, 1995. - ISBN 4-7561-0314-6) - - - Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - 4.4BSD System Manager's Manual. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - ISBN 1-56592-080-5 - - Costales, Brian, et al. - Sendmail, 2nd Ed. O'Reilly & - Associates, Inc., 1997. - ISBN 1-56592-222-0 - (ÌõÃí: Âè°ìÈǤÎË®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¼°æ½ã ´ÆÌõ. sendmail ²òÀâ. - ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¡¦¥È¥à¥½¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥·¥ó¥°¡¦¥¸¥ã¥Ñ¥ó, 1994. - ISBN 4-900718-07-6) - - - Frisch, Æleen. Essential System - Administration, 2nd Ed. O'Reilly & - Associates, Inc., 1995. ISBN 1-56592-127-5 - (ÌõÃí: Âè°ìÈǤÎË®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ºçÀµ·û Ìõ. UNIX ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍýÆþÌç. - ¥¢¥¹¥­¡¼, 1995. - ISBN 4-7561-0313-8) - - - Hunt, Craig. TCP/IP Network Administration. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1992. - ISBN 0-937175-82-X - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¼°æ½ã ´ÆÌõ. TCP/IP ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯´ÉÍý. - ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¡¦¥È¥à¥½¥ó¡¦¥Ñ¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥·¥ó¥°¡¦¥¸¥ã¥Ñ¥ó, 1994. - ISBN 4-900718-01-7) - - - Nemeth, Evi. UNIX System Administration - Handbook. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 1995. - ISBN 0131510517 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - °æ¾å¾°»Ê´ÆÌõ. UNIX ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍýÆþÌç. - ¥½¥Õ¥È¥Ð¥ó¥¯, 1992. - ISBN 4-89052-362-6 - ¸¶ËܤÏÂè2ÈǤÀ¤¬¡¢Ìõ½Ð¤ÏÂè1ÈǤΤß) - - - Stern, Hal Managing NFS and NIS - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1991. - ISBN 1-937175-75-7 - - - - - ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥Þ¸þ¤±¤Î¥¬¥¤¥É - -

- - Asente, Paul. X Window System - Toolkit. Digital Press. - ISBN 1-55558-051-3 - - Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - 4.4BSD Programmer's Reference Manual. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - ISBN 1-56592-078-3 - - Computer Systems Research Group, UC Berkeley. - 4.4BSD Programmer's Supplementary Documents. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1994. - ISBN 1-56592-079-1 - - Ellis, Margaret A. and Stroustrup, - Bjarne. The Annotated C++ Reference - Manual. Addison-Wesley, 1990. - ISBN 0-201-51459-1 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ­Ω¹âÆÁ / ¾®»³Íµ»Ê Ìõ. - Ãí²ò C++ ¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥¹¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë. - ¥È¥Ã¥Ñ¥ó, 1992. - ISBN 4-8101-8027-1) - - - Harbison, Samuel P. and Steele, Guy - L. Jr. C: A Reference Manual. 4rd ed. Prentice - Hall, 1995. ISBN 0-13-326224-3 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ºØÆ£¿®ÃË´ÆÌõ. - ¿·¡¦¾ÜÀâC¸À¸ì¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥¹[H&S¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥¹]. - ¥½¥Õ¥È¥Ð¥ó¥¯, 1994. - ISBN 4-89052-506-8 - ¸¶ËܤÏÂè4ÈǤÀ¤¬¡¢Ìõ½Ð¤ÏÂè3ÈǤΤߡ£) - - - Kernighan, Brian and Dennis M. Ritchie. - The C Programming Language.. - PTR Prentice Hall, 1988. - ISBN 0-13-110362-9 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ÀÐÅÄÀ²µ× Ìõ. - ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¸À¸ì C Âè2ÈÇ(Ìõ½ñÄûÀµÈÇ) - ¶¦Î©½ÐÈÇ, 1989. - ISBN 4-320-02692-6) - - - Lehey, Greg. - Port UNIX Software. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. - ISBN 1-56592-126-7 - - Plauger, P. J. The Standard C - Library. Prentice Hall, 1992. - ISBN 0-13-131509-9 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - Ê¡ÉÙ´² / ÌçÁÒÌÀɧ / À¶¿å·Ã²ð Ìõ. - ɸ½à C ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê ANSI/ISO/JIS Cµ¬³Ê. - ¥È¥Ã¥Ñ¥ó, 1995. - ISBN 4-8101-8541-9) - - - Stevens, W. Richard. Advanced - Programming in the UNIX Environment. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1992 - ISBN 0-201-56317-7 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ÂçÌÚÆØͺ Ìõ. - ¾Ü²ò UNIX ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°. ¥È¥Ã¥Ñ¥ó, 1994. - ISBN 4-89052-524-6) - - - Stevens, W. Richard. UNIX Network - Programming. PTR Prentice Hall, 1990. - ISBN 0-13-949876-1 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¼ÄÅÄÍÛ°ì Ìõ. - UNIX ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°. - ¥È¥Ã¥Ñ¥ó,1992. - ISBN 4-8101-8509-5) - - - Wells, Bill. "Writing Serial Drivers for UNIX". - Dr. Dobb's Journal. 19(15), December - 1994. pp68-71, 97-99. - - - - - ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àÆâÉô - -

- - Andleigh, Prabhat K. UNIX System Architecture. - Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990. - ISBN 0-13-949843-5 - - Jolitz, William. "Porting UNIX to the - 386". Dr. Dobb's Journal. January - 1991-July 1992. - - - Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, - Michael J Karels and John Quarterman The Design and - Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating - System. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1989. - ISBN 0-201-06196-1 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - Ãæ¼ÌÀ / ÁêÅÄ¿Î / ·×±§À¸ / ¾®ÃÓÈÆÊ¿ Ìõ. - UNIX 4.3BSD¤ÎÀ߷פȼÂÁõ. ´ÝÁ±, 1991. - ISBN 4-621-03607-6) - - - Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, - The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD - UNIX Operating System: Answer Book. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1991. - ISBN 0-201-54629-9 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ÁêÅÄ¿Î / ·×±§À¸ / ¾®ÃÓÈÆÊ¿ Ìõ. - UNIX 4.3BSD¤ÎÀ߷פȼÂÁõ. - ¥¢¥ó¥µ¡¼¥Ö¥Ã¥¯, ¥È¥Ã¥Ñ¥ó, 1991. - ISBN 4-8101-8039-5) - - - McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, - and John Quarterman. The Design and - Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating - System. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996. - ISBN 0-201-54979-4 - - Stevens, W. Richard. TCP/IP Illustrated, - Volume 1: The Protocols. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996. - ISBN 0-201-63346-9 - - Stevens, W. Richard. TCP/IP Illustrated, - Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP - and the UNIX Domain Protocols. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1996. - ISBN 0-201-63495-3 - - Vahalia, Uresh. UNIX Internals -- The New Frontiers. - Prentice Hall, 1996. - ISBN 0-13-101908-2 - - Wright, Gary R. and W. Richard Stevens. - TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: - The Implementation. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1995. - ISBN 0-201-63354-X - - - - - - ¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Î»²¹Í»ñÎÁ - -

- - Cheswick, William R. and Steven M. Bellovin. - Firewalls and Internal Security: - Repelling the Wily Hacker. - Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1995. - ISBN 1-201-63357-4 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ÀîÉûÇî ´ÆÌõ. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥¢¥¦¥©¡¼¥ë. - ¥½¥Õ¥È¥Ð¥ó¥¯, 1995. - ISBN 4-89052-672-2) - - - Garfinkel, Simson and Gene Spafford. - Practical UNIX Security. 2nd Ed. - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1996. - ISBN 1-56592-148-8 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - »³¸ý±Ñ´ÆÌõ. UNIX ¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£. - ¥¢¥¹¥­¡¼, 1993. - ISBN 4-7561-0274-3 - ¸¶ËܤÏÂè2ÈǤÀ¤¬¡¢Ìõ½Ð¤ÏÂè1ÈǤΤß) - - - Garfinkel, Simson. - PGP Pretty Good Privacy - O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1995. - ISBN 1-56592-098-8 - - - - - ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î»²¹Í»ñÎÁ - -

- - Anderson, Don and Tom Shanley. - Pentium Processor System Architecture. - 2nd ed. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1995. - ISBN 0-201-40992-5 - - Ferraro, Richard F. Programmer's Guide - to the EGA, VGA, and Super VGA Cards. - 3rd ed. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley, 1995. - ISBN 0-201-62490-7 - - Shanley, Tom. 80486 System - Architecture. 3rd ed. Reading, Mass. : - Addison-Wesley, 1995. ISBN - 0-201-40994-1 - - Shanley, Tom. ISA System - Architecture. 3rd ed. Reading, Mass. : - Addison-Wesley, 1995. - ISBN 0-201-40996-8 - - Shanley, Tom. PCI System - Architecture. 3rd ed. Reading, Mass. : - Addison-Wesley, 1995. ISBN - 0-201-40993-3 - - Van Gilluwe, Frank. The Undocumented PC. - Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1994. - ISBN 0-201-62277-7 - - - - - UNIX ¤ÎÎò»Ë - -

- - Lion, John Lion's Commentary on UNIX, 6th Ed. - With Source Code. - ITP Media Group, 1996. - ISBN 1573980137 - - Raymond, Eric s. The New Hacker's Dictonary, - 3rd edition. MIT Press, 1996. - ISBN 0-262-68092-0 - Also known as the - - - Saulus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. - Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1994. - ISBN 0-201-54777-5 - - Simon Garfinkel, Daniel Weise, Steven Strassmann. - The UNIX-HATERS Handbook. - IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 1994. - ISBN 1-56884-203-1 - - Don Libes, Sandy Ressler Life with UNIX - special - edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1989. - ISBN 0-13-536657-7 - (ÌõÃí: Ë®Ìõ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ºäËÜʸ ´ÆÌõ. Life with UNIX. - ¥¢¥¹¥­¡¼, 1990. - ISBN 4-7561-0783-4 - Ë®Ìõ¤¬Special ÈǤÎÌõ½Ð¤«Èݤ«¤ÏÉÔÌÀ) - - - BSD ·Ï OS ¤Î·ÏÉè¿Þ. 1997ǯ. - - - ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï, FreeBSD-current ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î. - - - - - - »¨»ï¤È¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ê¥ë - -

- - The C/C++ Users Journal. R&D Publications - Inc. ISSN 1075-2838 - - Sys Admin - The Journal for UNIX System - Administrators Miller Freeman, Inc., ISSN 1061-2688 - - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/boothelp.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/boothelp.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 38ce140..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/boothelp.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - -%authors; - - - -%sections; - -]> - - - - - FreeBSD ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - <author> - <name></name> - </author> - - <abstract>FreeBSD ¤ÎÀ¤³¦¤Ø¤è¤¦¤³¤½! ¤³¤Î¥¬¥¤¥É¤Ï FreeBSD ¤Î - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - Ìð°õ¥­¡¼¤Î<bf>¾å</bf>¤È<bf>²¼</bf>¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ - ¤³¤Î¥¬¥¤¥É¤ÎÆɤߤ¿¤¤¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë°ÜÆ°¤·, - <bf>±¦Ìð°õ¥­¡¼</bf>¤«<bf>¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó¥­¡¼</bf>¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤ªÆɤߤ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - °ìÅÙÆɤó¤À¤³¤È¤Î¤¢¤ë¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï<bf>º¸Ìð°õ¥­¡¼</bf>¤Ç - Ìá¤Ã¤ÆÆɤߤʤª¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - </abstract> - - <chapt><heading>°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¾ðÊó</heading> - &nutshell; - &history; - &relnotes; - - &install; - &troubleshooting; - &bibliography; - &eresources; - &hw; - &contrib; - - </book> -</linuxdoc> diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/booting.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/booting.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 9625515..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/booting.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ -<!-- $Id: booting.sgml,v 1.4 1997/02/22 13:00:39 peter Exp $ --> -<!-- The FreeBSD Japanese Documentation Project --> -<!-- Original revision: 1.13 --> - -<!-- This is a SGML version of the text on FreeBSD boot procedures - made by Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@FreeBSD.ORG> - - This conversion has been made by Ollivier Robert. - - -<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN"> - - <article> - - <title>¥Ö¡¼¥È¤Î³µÍ× - Poul-Henning Kamp, - v1.1, April 26th - - FreeBSD¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë3¤Ä¤ÎÃʳ¬¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎÆɤ߹þ¤ß¡¢¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î·èÄê¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ - ¥æ¡¼¥¶Îΰè¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î½é´ü²½¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ï²¼¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤ë - ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¶½Ì£¿¼¤¤²ÄǽÀ­¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹... - - - ---> - - FreeBSD¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È½èÍý¤Îή¤ì - -

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- ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬Æɤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¡¢¥Ö¡¼¥È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë°Ü¹Ô¤·¤¿¤é, - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¼«¿È¤Î½é´ü²½¤ò¤·, ¤É¤ó¤Ê¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬ÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¤¤ë¤« - ¤ò·èÄꤷ¡¢¤½¤ì¤«¤é¥ë¡¼¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òõ¤µ¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ - - ¸½ºß¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ë¡¼¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¼¡¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹ : - - - UFS - - UFS ¤Ï, ¤â¤Ã¤È¤â°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹¡£ - ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ä¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¾å¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - MSDOS - - µ»½ÑŪ¤Ë²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤¢¤Þ¤êÍ­ÍѤǤϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢ - ``FAT''¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ä¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Î¡¼¥É¤Ê¤É¤Î - ``UNIX ¼çµÁ''¤ò¼Â¸½¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹¡£ - - MFS - - MFS ¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ëÆâÉô¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤ß¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë UFS - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Ä¤Þ¤ê MFS ¤òµ¡Ç½¤µ¤»¤ë¤Î¤Ë - ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ä¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ê¤É¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï - ɬÍפǤϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - CD9660 - - CD9660 ¤Ï CD-ROM ¤ò¥ë¡¼¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£ - - NFS - - ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥ë¡¼¥È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢´ðËÜŪ¤Ë - ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ì¥¹¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - - - ¥æ¡¼¥¶Îΰè¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î½é´ü²½ -

- - ¥æ¡¼¥¶Îΰè¤ÇÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬½é´ü²½¤ò½ª¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢ - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï``/sbin/init'' - ¤Ç¤¹¡£ - - /sbin/init ¤òÊÌ¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥àÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹ - ¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÀ©Ì󤬤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - - pid ¤¬ 1 ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤Ï stdin/stdout/stderr ¤Ï³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç¡¢ - ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¼«Ê¬¤Ç¤³¤ì¤é¤ò¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ - ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤È¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥Ñ¥Ë¥Ã¥¯¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ - Ää»ß¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ - ¤Þ¤¿¡¢¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë½èÍý¤ÏÆüì¤Ç¤¹¡£ - - ¤³¤ÎÎã¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëÍѤΥեí¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ë¤¢¤ë - ``/stand/sysinstall''¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - - ¶½Ì£¿¼¤¤Ï¢·¸ -

- ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò MFS ¤Ç¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆÃÊ̤Î/sbin/init - ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - - /C: ¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ - C:/freebsd.fs ¤ò /dev/vn0 ¤Ë¥¢¥¿¥Ã¥Á¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ - /dev/vn0 ¤ò /rootfs ¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ - ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ - /rootfs/bin -> /bin - /rootfs/etc -> /etc - /rootfs/sbin -> /sbin - (etc...) - - - ¤³¤ì¤Ç¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÀÚ¤êľ¤µ¤º¤Ë FreeBSD ¤ò - »È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - ¥µ¡¼¥Ð:˜you/FreeBSD ¤ò - /nfs¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤·¡¢¥ë¡¼¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò /nfs ¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ, - ¤½¤³¤Ç/sbin/init¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - ¤³¤ì¤Ç FreeBSD ¤ò¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ì¥¹¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢NFS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò - ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¤¹... - - /dev/rwd0 ¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤ò¼è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Æ¡¼¥× - ¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤ó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ - - ¤³¤ì¤Ç°ìǯÁ°¤Ë¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Ù¤­¤À¤Ã¤¿¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¤ä¤Ã¤È - ¼è¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ - - E -- ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥¢¥¦¥©¡¼¥ë/Web ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¾ì¹ç (»ä¤ÎÃΤäƤ¤¤ëÈϰϤÇ...) - - ¤³¤ì¤ÏÆäËÌÌÇò¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¶Ø»ß¤Î¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤«¤é - ¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Æ¡¢¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤à¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë - ¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£ - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/contrib.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/contrib.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 89ab09c..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/contrib.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,499 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -FreeBSD¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥Õ - -

Ìõ: &a.hanai;28 August 1996. - -

FreeBSD¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¿Í¡¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ´ÉÍý±¿±Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - FreeBSD ¥³¥¢¥Á¡¼¥à -

FreeBSD ¥³¥¢¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ï, ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î±¿ÍÑ°Ñ°÷²ñ¤ò·ÁÀ®¤·, FreeBSD - ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÁ´ÈÌŪ¤ÊÌÜŪ¤äÊý¿Ë¤Î·èÄê¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤µ¤é¤Ë, - FreeBSD¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î¤Î - ±¿ÍѤâ¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -

(À«¤Ç¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È½ç): - - - &a.asami; - &a.jmb; - &a.ache; - &a.dyson; - &a.bde; - &a.gibbs; - &a.davidg; - &a.jkh; - &a.phk; - &a.rich; - &a.gpalmer; - &a.jdp; - &a.guido; - &a.sos; - &a.peter; - &a.wollman; - &a.joerg; - - - FreeBSD ¤Î³«È¯¼Ô¤¿¤Á - -

(CVS¤Î)commit¤¹¤ë¸¢Íø¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, FreeBSD ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ - ºî¶È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¡¹¤¬¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥³¥¢¥Á¡¼¥à¤Î¥á¥ó¥Ð¤È - ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î FreeBSD¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥Õ¤Ï¤Þ - ¤¿ ³«È¯¼Ô¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - &a.mbarkah; - &a.stb; - &a.jb; - &a.torstenb; - &a.danny; - &a.charnier; - &a.kjc; - &a.gclarkii; - &a.cracauer; - &a.adam; - &a.dufault; - &a.uhclem; - &a.tegge; - &a.eivind; - &a.sef; - &a.julian; - &a.se; - &a.fenner; - &a.jfieber; - &a.jfitz; - &a.lars; - &a.scrappy; - &a.tg; - &a.graichen; - &a.jgreco; - &a.rgrimes; - &a.jmg; - &a.jhay; - &a.hsu; - &a.ugen; - &a.gj; - &a.nsj; - &a.ljo; - &a.darrenr; - &a.kato; - &a.andreas; - &a.erich; - &a.imp; - &a.smace; - &a.mckay; - &a.tedm; - &a.amurai; - &a.markm; - &a.max; - &a.alex; - &a.davidn; - &a.obrien; - &a.fsmp; - &a.smpatel; - &a.wpaul; - &a.jmacd; - &a.steve; - &a.mpp; - &a.dfr; - &a.jraynard; - &a.csgr; - &a.martin; - &a.paul; - &a.roberto; - &a.chuckr; - &a.dima; - &a.wosch; - &a.ats; - &a.msmith; - &a.brian; - &a.stark; - &a.karl; - &a.pst; - &a.swallace; - &a.nate; - &a.yokota; - &a.jmz; - &a.hanai; - - - FreeBSD ¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È - -

FreeBSD ¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÏÊ£¿ô¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤òÄó¶¡ - ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤ÎôÅö¼Ô¤È¤½¤Î - ÉûôÅö¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ±¿ÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -

- ÉûÀÕǤ¼Ô: &a.paul - ÉûÀÕǤ¼Ô: &a.dave - ÉûôÅö&a.john - ÉûôÅö:&a.john; - ÉûôÅö&a.cawimm - ÉûôÅö:&a.opsys - ÉûôÅö:&a.cracauer - ÉûôÅö: &a.stb - - - ôÅö¼Ô - -

- - -FreeBSD¤Ø¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥¿ - - BSDÇÉÀ¸¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ø¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥¿ - -

¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ÏºÇ½é¤Ï William F. Jolitz ¤Î 386BSD release 0.1 - ¤«¤éÇÉÀ¸¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, ¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î 386BSD ¤Ë¸ÇÍ­¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤É - »Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø - ¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¹»¤Î Computer Science Research Group (CSRG) ¤È¤½¤Î¶¦Æ±¸¦µæ¼Ô - ¤¿¤Á¤Ë¤è¤ë 4.4BSD-Lite ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤«¤éºÆ¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - ¤Þ¤¿, NetBSD ¤Î°ìÉô¤â FreeBSD ¤Ë¼è¤ê¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï - NetBSD ¤Ø¹×¸¥¤·¤¿¿Í¡¹¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ë´¶¼Õ¤·¤Þ¤¹.Æó¤Ä¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î´Ø·¸¤¬ - ¥®¥¯¥·¥ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â»þ¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï¶¦¤ËƱ¤¸ÌÜŪ - ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, ¿Í¡¹¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤â¤Ã¤È BSD ¤ò¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë - ¤·¤¿¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò! ¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï NetBSD - ¤ÎÅØÎϤ¬¾ï¤ËÀ®¸ù¤·¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤½¤Î¾¤Î FreeBSD ¤Ø¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥¿ - -

(̾Á°¤Ç¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È½ç¤Ë): - - - A JOSEPH KOSHY <koshy@india.hp.com> - ABURAYA Ryushirou <pcs51674@asciinet.or.jp> - Adam Glass <glass@postgres.berkeley.edu> - Adrian T. Filipi-Martin <atf3r@agate.cs.virginia.edu> - Akito Fujita <fujita@zoo.ncl.omron.co.jp> - Alain Kalker <A.C.P.M.Kalker@student.utwente.nl> - Alan Cox <alc@cs.rice.edu> - Andreas Kohout <shanee@rabbit.augusta.de> - Andreas Lohr <andreas@marvin.RoBIN.de> - Andrew Gordon <andrew.gordon@net-tel.co.uk> - Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au> - Andrew McRae <amcrae@cisco.com> - Andrew Moore <alm@FreeBSD.org> - Andrew Stevenson <andrew@ugh.net.au> - Andrew V. Stesin <stesin@elvisti.kiev.ua> - Andrey Zakhvatov <andy@cgu.chel.su> - Andy Whitcroft <andy@sarc.city.ac.uk> - Anthony Yee-Hang Chan <yeehang@netcom.com> - Brent J. Nordquist <bjn@visi.com> - Bernd Rosauer <br@schiele-ct.de> - Bill Kish <kish@osf.org> - &a.wlloyd - Bob Wilcox <bob@obiwan.uucp> - Boyd Faulkner <faulkner@mpd.tandem.com> - Brent J. Nordquist <bjn@visi.com> - Brian Clapper <bmc@willscreek.com> - Brian Handy <handy@lambic.space.lockheed.com> - Brian Tao <taob@risc.org> - Carey Jones <mcj@acquiesce.org> - Charles Hannum <mycroft@ai.mit.edu> - Charles Mott <cmott@srv.net> - Chet Ramey <chet@odin.INS.CWRU.Edu> - Chris Dabrowski < chris@vader.org> - Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu> - Chris Stenton <jacs@gnome.co.uk> - Chris Timmons <skynyrd@opus.cts.cwu.edu> - Chris Torek <torek@ee.lbl.gov> - Christian Gusenbauer <cg@fimp01.fim.uni-linz.ac.at> - Christian Haury <Christian.Haury@sagem.fr> - Christoph Robitschko <chmr@edvz.tu-graz.ac.at> - Choi Jun Ho <junker@jazz.snu.ac.kr> - Chuck Hein <chein@cisco.com> - Conrad Sabatier <conrads@neosoft.com> - Cornelis van der Laan <nils@guru.ims.uni-stuttgart.de> - Craig Struble <cstruble@vt.edu> - Cristian Ferretti <cfs@riemann.mat.puc.cl> - Curt Mayer <curt@toad.com> - Dan Cross <tenser@spitfire.ecsel.psu.edu> - Daniel Baker <dbaker@crash.ops.neosoft.com> - Daniel M. Eischen <deischen@iworks.InterWorks.org> - Danny J. Zerkel <dzerkel@feephi.phofarm.com> - Dave Bodenstab <imdave@synet.net> - Dave Burgess <burgess@hrd769.brooks.af.mil> - Dave Chapeskie <dchapes@zeus.leitch.com> - Dave Edmondson <davided@sco.com> - Dave Rivers <rivers@ponds.uucp> - David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.OZ.AU> - David Leonard <d@scry.dstc.edu.au> - Dean Huxley <dean@fsa.ca> - Dirk Froemberg <dirk@hal.in-berlin.de> - Dmitrij Tejblum <dima@tejblum.dnttm.rssi.ru> - Dmitry Kohmanyuk <dk@farm.org> - &a.whiteside; - Don Yuniskis <dgy@rtd.com> - Donald Burr <d_burr@ix.netcom.com> - Doug Ambrisko <ambrisko@ambrisko.roble.com> - Eric Blood <eblood@cs.unr.edu> - Frank Bartels <knarf@camelot.de> - Frank Maclachlan <fpm@crash.cts.com> - Frank Nobis <fn@trinity.radio-do.de> - FURUSAWA Kazuhisa <furusawa@com.cs.osakafu-u.ac.jp> - Gary A. Browning <gab10@griffcd.amdahl.com> - Greg Ungerer <gerg@stallion.oz.au> - Harlan Stenn <Harlan.Stenn@pfcs.com> - Havard Eidnes <Havard.Eidnes@runit.sintef.no> - Hideaki Ohmon <ohmon@tom.sfc.keio.ac.jp> - Hidekazu Kuroki <hidekazu@cs.titech.ac.jp> - Hidetoshi Shimokawa <simokawa@sat.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp> - Holger Veit <Holger.Veit@gmd.de> - Hung-Chi Chu <hcchu@r350.ee.ntu.edu.tw> - Igor Vinokurov <igor@zynaps.ru> - Ikuo Nakagawa <ikuo@isl.intec.co.jp> - IMAMURA Tomoaki <tomoak-i@is.aist-nara.ac.jp> - Ishii Masahiro <?> - Itsuro Saito <saito@miv.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp> - J. David Lowe <lowe@saturn5.com> - J.T. Conklin <jtc@cygnus.com> - James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> - James da Silva <jds@cs.umd.edu> et al - Janusz Kokot <janek@gaja.ipan.lublin.pl> - Jason Thorpe <thorpej@nas.nasa.gov> - Javier Martin Rueda <jmrueda@diatel.upm.es> - Jeffrey Wheat <jeff@cetlink.net> - Jian-Da Li <jdli@csie.NCTU.edu.tw> - Jim Lowe <james@cs.uwm.edu> - Jim Wilson <wilson@moria.cygnus.com> - Johann Tonsing <jtonsing@mikom.csir.co.za> - Joel Sutton <suttonj@interconnect.com.au> - John Capo <jc@irbs.com> - John Perry <perry@vishnu.alias.net> - Juergen Lock <nox@jelal.hb.north.de> - Juha Inkari <inkari@cc.hut.fi> - Julian Assange <proff@suburbia.net> - Julian Jenkins <kaveman@magna.com.au> - Julian Stacey <jhs@freebsd.org> - Jun-ichiro Itoh <itojun@csl.sony.co.jp> - Justin M. Seger <jseger@scds.ziplink.net> - Kazuhiko Kiriyama <kiri@kiri.toba-cmt.ac.jp> - Kazutaka YOKOTA <yokota@zodiac.mech.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp> - Keith Bostic <bostic@bostic.com> - Keith Moore <?> - Kenneth Monville <desmo@bandwidth.org> - Kent Vander Velden <graphix@iastate.edu> - Kirk McKusick <mckusick@mckusick.com> - Kiroh HARADA <kiroh@kh.rim.or.jp> - Koichi Sato <copan@ppp.fastnet.or.jp> - Kostya Lukin <lukin@okbmei.msk.su> - Kurt Olsen <kurto@tiny.mcs.usu.edu> - Lars Koeller <Lars_Koeller@odie.physik2.uni-rostock.de> - Lucas James <Lucas.James@ldjpc.apana.org.au> - Luigi Rizzo <luigi@iet.unipi.it> - Makoto Matsushita <matusita@ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp> - Manu Iyengar <iyengar@grunthos.pscwa.psca.com> - Marc Frajola <marc@dev.com> - Marc Ramirez <mrami@mramirez.sy.yale.edu> - Marc Slemko <marcs@znep.com> - Marc van Kempen <wmbfmk@urc.tue.nl> - Mark Huizer <xaa@stack.nl> - Mark J. Taylor <mtaylor@cybernet.com> - Mark Tinguely <tinguely@plains.nodak.edu> - <tinguely@hookie.cs.ndsu.NoDak.edu> - Martin Birgmeier - Masachika ISHIZUKA <ishizuka@isis.min.ntt.jp> - Mats Lofkvist <mal@algonet.se> - Matt Bartley <mbartley@lear35.cytex.com> - Matt Thomas <thomas@lkg.dec.com> - Matt White <mwhite+@CMU.EDU> - Matthew Hunt <mph@pobox.com> - Matthew N. Dodd <winter@jurai.net> - Matthew Stein <matt@bdd.net> - Michael Butschky <butsch@computi.erols.com> - Michael Elbel <me@FreeBSD.ORG> - Michael Searle <searle@longacre.demon.co.uk> - Miguel Angel Sagreras <msagre@cactus.fi.uba.ar> - Mikael Hybsch <micke@dynas.se> - Mikhail Teterin <mi@aldan.ziplink.net> - Mike McGaughey <mmcg@cs.monash.edu.au> - Mike Peck <mike@binghamton.edu> - MITA Yoshio <mita@jp.FreeBSD.ORG> - MOROHOSHI Akihiko <moro@race.u-tokyo.ac.jp> - Naoki Hamada <nao@tom-yam.or.jp> - Narvi <narvi@haldjas.folklore.ee> - NIIMI Satoshi <sa2c@and.or.jp> - Nick Sayer <nsayer@quack.kfu.com> - Nisha Talagala <nisha@cs.berkeley.edu> - Nobuhiro Yasutomi <nobu@psrc.isac.co.jp> - Nobuyuki Koganemaru <kogane@kces.koganemaru.co.jp> - Noritaka Ishizumi <graphite@jp.FreeBSD.ORG> - Oliver Laumann <net@informatik.uni-bremen.de> - Oliver Oberdorf <oly@world.std.com> - Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us> - Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> - Paul Mackerras <paulus@cs.anu.edu.au> - Paulo Menezes <paulo@isr.uc.pt> - Pedro Giffuni <pgiffuni@fps.biblos.unal.edu.co> - Pedro A M Vazquez <vazquez@IQM.Unicamp.BR> - Peter Stubbs <PETERS@staidan.qld.edu.au> - R. Kym Horsell <?> - Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com> - Randall Hopper <rhh@stealth.ct.picker.com> - Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu> - Richard Wiwatowski <rjwiwat@adelaide.on.neti> - Rob Mallory <rmallory@csusb.edu> - Rob Shady <rls@id.net> - Rob Snow <rsnow@txdirect.net> - Robert Sanders <rsanders@mindspring.com> - Robert Withrow <witr@rwwa.com> - Ronald Kuehn <kuehn@rz.tu-clausthal.de> - Samuel Lam <skl@ScalableNetwork.com> - Sander Vesik <sander@haldjas.folklore.ee> - Sandro Sigala <ssigala@globalnet.it> - Sascha Blank <blank@fox.uni-trier.de> - Sascha Wildner <swildner@channelz.GUN.de> - Scott Blachowicz <scott@sabami.seaslug.org> - Serge V. Vakulenko <vak@zebub.msk.su> - Simon Marlow <simonm@dcs.gla.ac.uk> - Slaven Rezic (Tomic) <eserte@cs.tu-berlin.de> - Soren Dayton <csdayton@midway.uchicago.edu> - Stefan Moeding <moeding@bn.DeTeMobil.de> - Steve Gerakines <steve2@genesis.tiac.net> - Suzuki Yoshiaki <zensyo@ann.tama.kawasaki.jp> - Tadashi Kumano <kumano@strl.nhk.or.jp> - Taguchi Takeshi <taguchi@tohoku.iij.ad.jp> - Tatsumi Hosokawa <hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp> - Terry Lambert <terry@lambert.org> - Terry Lee <terry@uivlsi.csl.uiuc.edu> - Theo Deraadt <deraadt@fsa.ca> - Thomas König <Thomas.Koenig@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de> - Tim Kientzle <kientzle@netcom.com> - Tim Vanderhoek <ac199@freenet.hamilton.on.ca> - Tom Samplonius <tom@misery.sdf.com> - Torbjorn Granlund <tege@matematik.su.se> - Toshihiro Kanda <candy@fct.kgc.co.jp> - Vanill Ice <vanilla@Minje.Com.TW> - Ville Eerola <ve@sci.fi> - Werner Griessl <werner@btp1da.phy.uni-bayreuth.de> - Wes Santee <wsantee@wsantee.oz.net> - Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@kintaro.cologne.de> - Yoshiro Mihira <sanpei@yy.cs.keio.ac.jp> - Yukihiro Nakai <nakai@mlab.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp> - Yuval Yarom <yval@cs.huji.ac.il> - Yves Fonk <yves@cpcoup5.tn.tudelft.nl> - - - 386BSD ¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¥­¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥ÁÄó¶¡¼Ô - -

(̾Á°¤Ç¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È½ç): - - - Adam Glass <glass@postgres.berkeley.edu> - Adrian Hall <adrian@ibmpcug.co.uk> - Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> - Andrew Herbert <andrew@werple.apana.org.au> - Andrew Moore <alm@netcom.com> - Andy Valencia <ajv@csd.mot.com> <jtk@netcom.com> - Arne Henrik Juul <arnej@Lise.Unit.NO> - Bakul Shah <bvs@bitblocks.com> - Barry Lustig <barry@ictv.com> - Bob Wilcox <bob@obiwan.uucp> - Branko Lankester - Brett Lymn <blymn@mulga.awadi.com.AU> - Charles Hannum <mycroft@ai.mit.edu> - Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu> - Chris Torek <torek@ee.lbl.gov> - Christoph Robitschko <chmr@edvz.tu-graz.ac.at> - Daniel Poirot <poirot@aio.jsc.nasa.gov> - Dave Burgess <burgess@hrd769.brooks.af.mil> - Dave Rivers <rivers@ponds.uucp> - David Dawes <dawes@physics.su.OZ.AU> - David Greenman <davidg@Root.COM> - Eric J. Haug <ejh@slustl.slu.edu> - Felix Gaehtgens <felix@escape.vsse.in-berlin.de> - Frank Maclachlan <fpm@crash.cts.com> - Gary A. Browning <gab10@griffcd.amdahl.com> - Geoff Rehmet <csgr@alpha.ru.ac.za> - Goran Hammarback <goran@astro.uu.se> - Guido van Rooij <guido@gvr.win.tue.nl> - Guy Harris <guy@auspex.com> - Havard Eidnes <Havard.Eidnes@runit.sintef.no> - Herb Peyerl <hpeyerl@novatel.cuc.ab.ca - Holger Veit <Holger.Veit@gmd.de> - Ishii Masahiro, R. Kym Horsell - J.T. Conklin <jtc@cygnus.com> - Jagane D Sundar < jagane@netcom.com > - James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> - James Jegers <jimj@miller.cs.uwm.edu> - James W. Dolter - James da Silva <jds@cs.umd.edu> et al - Jay Fenlason <hack@datacube.com> - Jim Wilson <wilson@moria.cygnus.com> - Jörg Lohse <lohse@tech7.informatik.uni-hamburg.de> - Jörg Wunsch <joerg_wunsch@uriah.heep.sax.de> - John Dyson - <formerly dyson@ref.tfs.com> - John Polstra <jdp@polstra.com> - John Woods <jfw@eddie.mit.edu> - Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh@whisker.hubbard.ie> - Julian Elischer <julian@dialix.oz.au> - Julian Stacey <jhs@freebsd.org> - Karl Lehenbauer <karl@NeoSoft.com> - <karl@one.neosoft.com> - Keith Bostic <bostic@toe.CS.Berkeley.EDU> - Ken Hughes - Kent Talarico <kent@shipwreck.tsoft.net> - Kevin Lahey <kml%rokkaku.UUCP@mathcs.emory.edu> - <kml@mosquito.cis.ufl.edu> - Marc Frajola <marc@dev.com> - Mark Tinguely <tinguely@plains.nodak.edu> - <tinguely@hookie.cs.ndsu.NoDak.edu> - Martin Renters <martin@tdc.on.ca> - Michael Clay <mclay@weareb.org> - Michael Galassi <nerd@percival.rain.com> - Mike Durkin <mdurkin@tsoft.sf-bay.org> - Naoki Hamada <nao@tom-yam.or.jp> - Nate Williams <nate@bsd.coe.montana.edu> - Nick Handel <nhandel@NeoSoft.com> - <nick@madhouse.neosoft.com> - Pace Willisson <pace@blitz.com> - Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> - Paul Mackerras <paulus@cs.anu.edu.au> - Paul Popelka <paulp@uts.amdahl.com> - Peter da Silva <peter@NeoSoft.com> - Phil Sutherland <philsuth@mycroft.dialix.oz.au> - Poul-Henning Kamp<phk@FreeBSD.ORG> - Ralf Friedl <friedl@informatik.uni-kl.de> - Rick Macklem <root@snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca> - Robert D. Thrush <rd@phoenix.aii.com> - Rodney W. Grimes <rgrimes@cdrom.com> - Sascha Wildner <swildner@channelz.GUN.de> - Scott Burris <scott@pita.cns.ucla.edu> - Scott Reynolds <scott@clmqt.marquette.mi.us> - Sean Eric Fagan <sef@kithrup.com> - Simon J Gerraty <sjg@melb.bull.oz.au> - <sjg@zen.void.oz.au> - Stephen McKay <syssgm@devetir.qld.gov.au> - Terry Lambert <terry@icarus.weber.edu> - Terry Lee <terry@uivlsi.csl.uiuc.edu> - Tor Egge <Tor.Egge@idi.ntnu.no> - Warren Toomey <wkt@csadfa.cs.adfa.oz.au> - Wiljo Heinen <wiljo@freeside.ki.open.de> - William Jolitz <withheld> - Wolfgang Solfrank <ws@tools.de> - Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@dentaro.GUN.de> - Yuval Yarom <yval@cs.huji.ac.il> - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/crypt.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/crypt.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 9bace51..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/crypt.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ - - - - -DES, MD5, ¤È Crypt - -

¸¶ºî: &a.wollman;24 September 1995. - -

Ìõ: &a.hanai;12 September 1996. - -

UN*X ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÊݸ, ´Êñ¤ËÇÁ¤«¤ì¤ë¤Î¤òËÉ -¤°¤¿¤á¤Ë, ½¾Íè¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï¤¢¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë¤è¤ê¥¹¥¯¥é¥ó¥Ö¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. -¥Ù¥ë¸¦¤Î Unix Âè7ÈǤ˻ϤޤäưÊÍè, ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ÎÀìÌç²È¤¬¤¤ -¤¦¤È¤³¤í¤Î¡Ö°ìÊý¸þ¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å´Ø¿ô¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê°Å¹æ²½¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. -¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ²Äǽ¤Ê¸Â¤ê¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¶õ´Ö¤ò¸¡º÷¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¶¯°ú¤Ê -ÊýË¡°Ê³°¤Ë¤½¤Î¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤, ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿ÊýË¡¤Ç¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÏÊÑ´¹ -¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ÉÔ¹¬¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ë, ¤½¤ÎÅö»þ AT&T ¤Î¸¦µæ¼Ô¤¿¤Á¤¬¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­ -¤¿Í£°ì¤Î°Å¹æ²½ÊýË¡¤Ï DES(Data Encryption Standard) ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤· -¤¿. ¤³¤ì¤Ï±ÄÍø´ë¶È¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤ÏÂ礷¤ÆÌäÂê¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, FreeBSD¤Î¤è -¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤¬¼«Í³¤Ë¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ë¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤È¤Ã -¤Æ¤Ï½ÅÂç¤ÊÌäÂê¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é, ¿¤¯¤ÎÀ¯ÉÜ¤Ï DES ¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î°Å¹æ²½¥½¥Õ -¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬¹ñ¶­¤ò±Û¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÀ©¸Â¤ò¤Ä¤±¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - -

¤³¤³¤Ç, FreeBSD ¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ï°ì¤Ä¤Î¥¸¥ì¥ó¥Þ¤ËľÌ̤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ¤É¤¦¤¹ -¤ì¤ÐË¡¤Ë¿¨¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯¹ñ³°¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤½¤ì¤é¤Î UNIX ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ë¸ß´¹À­¤ò»ý -¤¿¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«, ¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï ``dual track approach'' ¤ò -¼è¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë·è¤á¤Þ¤·¤¿. µ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥¹¥¯¥é¥ó¥Ö¥é¤Î¤ß¤ò´Þ¤à -ÇÛÉÛÍÑʪ·ï¤òºî¤ê, DES ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å¤òÉղå饤¥Ö¥é¥ê -¤È¤·¤Æʬ¤±¤Æ¶¡µë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¥¹¥¯¥é¥ó¥Ö¥ë¤µ¤»¤ë´Ø¿ô¤Ï, C ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤«¤é -`libcrypt' ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë(¤½¤ì¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë C ´Ø¿ô¤¬ `crypt' ¤È -¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤À¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹)Ê̤Υ饤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ø°Ü¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. FreeBSD 1.x µÚ¤Ó -2.0 ¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹Á°¤Î¥¹¥Ê¥Ã¥×¥·¥ç¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ï, ¤½¤Îµ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥¹¥¯¥é¥ó¥Ö¥é¤Ï -Nate Williams ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿°ÂÁ´¤Ç¤Ê¤¤´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¼¡¤Î -¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤Ï RSA Data Security ¼Ò¤Î°ìÊý¸þ¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å´Ø¿ô¤Î MD5 ¤ò»È¤¦ÊýË¡ -¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î´Ø¿ô¤Ï¤É¤ì¤â°Å¹æ²½¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á, -¹ç½°¹ñ¤«¤é»ý¤Á½Ð¤·, ¾¤Î¿¤¯¤Î¹ñ¤Ø»ý¤Á¹þ¤á¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -

°ìÊý, DES ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å´Ø¿ô¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëºî¶È¤â¤Þ¤¿¿Ê¹ÔÃæ -¤Ç¤·¤¿, ¤Þ¤º, ¹ç½°¹ñµÚ¤Ó¾¤Î¹ñ¤Ç½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¤ÎƱ´ü¤ò¤È¤ê¤Ê¤¬¤é, -¹ç½°¹ñ¤Î³°¤Ç½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿ `crypt' ¤Î¤¢¤ë¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤¬»ý¤Á¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. -¤½¤·¤Æ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ï½¤Àµ¤µ¤ì, Æó¤Ä¤Ë¤ï¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á -DES `libcrypt' ¤Ï°ìÊý¸þ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤Î¤ËɬÍפʥ³¡¼¥É -¤Î¤ß¤ò´Þ¤ß, ¤½¤ì¤È¤ÏÊ̤Π`libcipher' ¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë°Å¹æ²½¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ -¤¿¤á¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤È¤·¤ÆÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤µ¤ì¤¿¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ËÂÐ -¤·¤Æ¹ñ³°¤Ë»ý¤Á½Ð¤¹µö²Ä¤òÆÀ¤ë¤Î¤ò´Êñ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëʬ¤± -¤é¤ì¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - -`crypt' ¥á¥«¥Ë¥º¥à¤òÍý²ò¤¹¤ë - -

¤¢¤ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥Éʸ»úÎó¤òºî¤ë¤Î¤Ë, DES ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã -¤¿¤Î¤«, MD5¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤«¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë´Êñ¤Ë¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -MD5 ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥Éʸ»úÎó¤Ïɬ¤º `$1$' ¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»ú -¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. DES¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥Éʸ»úÎó¤Ï¤É¤ó¤ÊÆÃÄê¤Îʸ»ú¤â»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ -¤»¤ó¤¬, MD5¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤è¤ê¤âû¤¯, `$' ¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»ú -¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤64ʸ»ú¤Î¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ¥É¥ëµ­¹æ¤Ç -»Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤Èæ³ÓŪû¤¤Ê¸»úÎó¤Ï DES ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¢¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬Èó¾ï -¤Ë¹â¤¤¤Ç¤¹. - -

¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç, ¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò·è¤á¤ë¤Î -¤Ï, ¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤Ë¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë `init' ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î(¤½¤Î -¤è¤¦¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÍ£°ì¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß -¤ÆÆ°¤¯¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹.)¤ò½ü¤¤¤¿¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤Ä¤¤ -¤Æ¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë´Êñ¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. `crypt' ¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï -`libcrypt' ¤Ë¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ë -ÂФ¹¤ë `libcrypt' ¤ÏŬÀڤʼÂÁõ¤Ø¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤ -¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, DES ÈǤò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ -¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - - -$ cd /usr/lib -$ ls -l /usr/lib/libcrypt* -lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 13 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.a -> libdescrypt.a -lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 18 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt.so.2.0 -> libdescrypt.so.2.0 -lrwxr-xr-x 1 bin bin 15 Sep 5 12:50 libcrypt_p.a -> libdescrypt_p.a - - -MD5 ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, Ʊ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ê¥ê¥ó¥¯¤¬ -¸«¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤¬, ¤½¤Î¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ï `libdescrypt' ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ -`libscrypt' ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ctm.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ctm.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index f5f47af..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ctm.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,217 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -CTM - -

¸¶ºî: &a.phk;. ¹¹¿·: 16-Mar-1995. - -

Ìõ: &a.hanai;5 November 1996. - - ¤Ê¤¼ -

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- - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/current.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/current.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index ceaae1c..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/current.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,161 +0,0 @@ - - - - -ºÇ¿·¤ÎFreeBSD¤òÄɤ¤¤«¤±¤ë - -

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Ìõ: &a.hanai;6 November 1996. - - - -FreeBSD-current¤Ã¤Æ¤Ê¤Ë? - -

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FreeBSD-current¤Ï¼¡¤Î3¤Ä¤Î¤É¤ì¤«¤Ë¤¢¤Æ¤Ï¤Þ¤ë¿Í¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë°ìÈ̤˸ø³«¤·¤Æ¤¤ -¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Î¡¤¤¢¤ëÉôʬ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÊ̤ÎÉôʬ¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ³èȯ¤Ëºî¶È¤·¤Æ - ¤¤¤ëFreeBSD¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥á¥ó¥Ð¡¥Èà¤é¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï`ºÇ¿·¤Î¤â¤Î'¤Ë°Ý»ý¤·¤Æ - ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤ÏÀäÂÐŪ¤ÊÍ×µá¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡¥ - - FreeBSD-current¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¤À¤±·òÁ´¤Ç¤¢¤ë»þ´Ö¤Î³ä¹ç¤òÁý¤ä¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë - ÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÌäÂê¤ÈÀ臘¤Î¤Ë»þ´Ö¤òÈñ¤ä¤¹¤Î¤ò±Þ¤ï¤º³èȯ¤Ë¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë - FreeBSD¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥á¥ó¥Ð¡¥Èà¤é¤Ï¤Þ¤¿ÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÊѹ¹¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÄó°Æ¤äFreeBSD - ¤ÎÂç¤Þ¤«¤ÊÊý¸þÉÕ¤±¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¡¹¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥ - - ñ¤Ë¡¤ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê»ö¤ËÌܤò¸þ¤±¡¤»²¹Í¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë(Î㤨¤Ð¡¤Æ°¤«¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ - Æɤि¤á¤Ë)ºÇ¿·¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëFreeBSD(¤Þ¤¿¤Ï - ¾¤Î)¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¤Þ¤ï¤ê¤Ë¤¤¤ë¥á¥ó¥Ð¡¥¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¿Í¡¹¤Ï¤Þ¤¿»þ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥³¥á - ¥ó¥È¤ò¤·¤¿¤ê¥³¡¼¥É¤ò´ó¹Æ¤·¤¿¤ê¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¥ - - -FreeBSD-current¤Ë´üÂÔ¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ï? - -

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&a.current;¤È&a.cvsall;¤Ë²Ã¤ï¤Ã¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤. - ¤³¤ì¤Ïñ¤ËÎɤ¤¹Í¤¨¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯, ɬ¿Ü¤Î¤³¤È¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - ¤â¤·FreeBSD-current¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, - ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¿Í¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¸½ºß¤Î¾õÂ֤ˤĤ¤¤Æ½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤ò·è¤·¤Æ¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤·, ½¾¤Ã¤Æ¾¤Î¿Í¤¬´û¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤±¤Æ²ò·è¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿¤¯¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ë¸ÍÏǤà - ¤Æ¤¢¤­¤é¤á¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤µ¤é¤Ë¸À¤¦¤È, Èó¾ï¤ËÉԲķç¤Ê¾ðÊó - (Î㤨¤Ð, ¡Ö¤ä¤¡, ¤ß¤ó¤Ê! /usr/src¤òºî¤êľ¤¹Á°¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î - ºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤ò¤ä¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤è, ¤µ¤â¤Ê¤¤¤È¤È¤ó¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤¥¯¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤¬µ¯¤­¤ë¤¼!¡×)¤ò¸«Æ¨¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - cvs-all¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎÊѹ¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤½¤ì¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æµ¯ - ¤³¤êÆÀ¤ë¾ðÊó¤ò¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÆþ¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, &a.majordomo;¤Ø - -subscribe freebsd-current -subscribe cvs-all - - ¤È½ñ¤¤¤¿¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤. - ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤ÆËÜʸ¤Ë`help'¤È½ñ¤±¤Ð Majordomo ¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ø²æ¡¹¤¬¥µ¥Ý - ¡¼¥È¤¹¤ëÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë»²²Ã/æÂह¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¾Ü¤·¤¤ - ¥Ø¥ë¥×¤òÁ÷¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ftp.FreeBSD.ORG¤«¤é¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ÎÆþ¼ê. °Ê²¼¤Î3¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È - ¤¬½ÐÍè¤Þ¤¹. - - - ²¼¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤òÍѤ¤¤ë. - ¶Ñ°ì¤Ê¥ì¡¼¥È¤Î, ÎɼÁ¤Î TCP/IP Àܳ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¿Í¤Ë¤Ï, - ¤³¤ì¤¬°ìÈÖ¤¤¤¤ÊýË¡¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¤ò - - ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï2ÈÖÌܤ˿äÁ¦¤µ¤ì¤ëÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹. ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é, cvssup¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ°ìÅÙÁ´ÂÎ - ¤òÆþ¼ê¤·, ¸å¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤À¤±¤òÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - ¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¿Í¤¬vsup¤òcron¤«¤éµ¯Æ°¤·, ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥½¡¼¥¹¤òºÇ¿·¤Î¤â¤Î - ¤ËÊݤäƤ¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ftp¤ò»È¤¦. FreeBSD-current¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Ï¾ï¤Ë - - ¤Ë¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ²æ¡¹¤Ï¤Þ¤¿Á´ÂΤòcompress/tar¤·¤ÆÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤ë `wu-ftpd' ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤ - ¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, - - usr.bin/lex - - ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, - - ftp> cd usr.bin - ftp> get lex.tar.Z - - ¤È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê, ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÁ´ÂÎ(¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, usr.bin/lex°Ê²¼Á´ÂÎ) - ¤òcompress¤µ¤ì¤¿tar¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¤·¤ÆÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - °Ê¾å¤Î¤³¤È¤ò¤Þ¤È¤á¤ë¤È, ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ¿×®¤Ê¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤ò¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê, - Àܳ¤Î¥Ð¥ó¥ÉÉý¤¬ÌäÂê¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ðcvsup¤«ftp¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð - CTM¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¤â¤·¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò, į¤á¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯Áö¤é¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÆþ¼ê¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç - ¤¢¤ì¤Ð, °ìÉô¤À¤±Áª¤Ö¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, - current ¤ÎÁ´ÂΤò¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é, ¥½¡¼¥¹¤ÎÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÉôʬ¤¬Â¾¤ÎÉôʬ¤Î¹¹¿·¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê, °ìÉô¤Î¤ß¤ò - ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, ¤Û¤Ü´Ö°ã¤¤¤Ê¤¯¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¤òµ¯¤³¤¹¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - - current ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë /usr/src ¤Ë¤¢¤ë Makefile - ¤ò¤è¤¯Æɤó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Î½èÍý¤Î°ìÉô¤È¤·¤Æ, - ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì²ó¤ÏºÇ½é¤Ë `make world' ¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - &a.current;¤òÆɤá¤Ð, ¼¡¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ø¸þ¤±¤Æ, »þ¡¹É¬Íפˤʤë - ¾¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥¹¥È¥é¥Ã¥×¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¾ï¤ËºÇ¿·¾ðÊó¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤! ¤â¤·FreeBSD-current¤òÁö¤é¤»¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é - ²æ¡¹¤Ï¤½¤ì¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥³¥á¥ó¥È, Æä˳ÈÄ¥¤ä¥Ð¥°ÄÙ¤·¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÄó°Æ, ¤òÍߤ·¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥³¡¼¥É¤òȼ¤¦Äó°Æ¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤È¤â´¿·Þ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹! - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/cvsup.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/cvsup.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index d585763..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/cvsup.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,576 +0,0 @@ - - - - -CVSup - -

¸¶ºî: &a.jdp;. -

Ìõ: &a.iwasaki;.27 February 1997. - -CVSup ¤Î¾Ò²ð - -

CVSup ¤Ï, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Þ¥¹¥¿ CVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤«¤é -¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤òÇÛÉÛ¤·¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ç¤¹. FreeBSD -¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤Ï, ¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢¤Ë¤¢¤ëÃ濴Ū¤Ê³«È¯¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î CVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤Î -Ãæ¤Ç¥á¥ó¥Æ¥Ê¥ó¥¹¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. CVSup ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, FreeBSD ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï -´Êñ¤Ë¼«Ê¬¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤òºÇ¿·¤Î¾õÂ֤ˤ·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

CVSup ¤Ï "pull" ¥â¥Ç¥ë¤È¤è¤Ð¤ì¤ë¹¹¿·¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤òºÎÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -pull ¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç¤Ï, ³Æ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤¬¹¹¿·¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¹¹¿·¤·¤¿¤¤»þÅÀ¤Ç, -¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¹¹¿·¤ÎÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤«¤é¤Î -¹¹¿·¤ÎÍ×µá¤ò¼õ¤±¿È¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ÇÂÔ¤Á¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¹¹¿·¤Ï -¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¼çƳ¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÏÍê¤Þ¤ì¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤¹¹¿·¾ðÊó¤ò -Á÷¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ï¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï CVSup ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ò¼êÆ°¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ -¹¹¿·¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤«, cron ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òÀßÄꤷ¤ÆÄê´üŪ¤Ë¼«Æ°¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

ÍѸì "CVSup" ¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÂçʸ»ú¤Çɽµ­¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï, ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸ -Á´ÂΤò»Ø¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¼ç¤Ê¹½À®Êª¤Ï, ³Æ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë -"cvsup", FreeBSD ¤Î³Æ¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð "cvsupd" ¤Ç¤¹. - -

FreeBSD ¤Îʸ½ñ¤ä¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤òÆɤó¤ÀºÝ¤Ë, sup ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¸ÀµÚ¤ò -¸«¤«¤±¤¿¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. sup ¤Ï CVSup ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç, ƱÍͤΠ-ÌÜŪ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. CVSup ¤Ï sup ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¼ÂºÝ, -sup ¤È¸ß´¹À­¤Î¤¢¤ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, -CVSup ¤ÎÊý¤¬¤è¤ê¹â®¤Ç½ÀÆðÀ­¤â¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤â¤Ï¤ä sup ¤Ï FreeBSD -¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ç¤Ï»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -CVSup ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - -

FreeBSD 2.2 °Ê¹ß¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, CVSup ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤â¤Ã¤È¤â -´Êñ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Î - ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÂбþ¤¹¤ë ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤É¤Á¤é¤ò»È¤¦¤«¤Ï, -CVSup¤ò¼«Ê¬¤Çºî¤ê¤¿¤¤¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Ë¤è¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

FreeBSD-2.1.6 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 2.1.7 ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, »ÄÇ°¤Ê¤¬¤é -FreeBSD-2.1.{6,7} ¤Ë¤Ï¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î C ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬É¬ÍפȤʤ뤿¤á -¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê package ¤Ï»ÈÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤·¤«¤·, ¤Ï FreeBSD 2.2 ¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯Æ±¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë´Êñ¤Ë»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -ñ¤Ë tar ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òŸ³«¤·, cvsup ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ø cd ¤·¤Æ "make install" -¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - -

CVSup ¤Ï ¤Ç½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á, package ¤È port ξÊý¤È¤â Modula-3 -¥é¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï -port ¤Î ¤ª¤è¤Ó package ¤Î ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î port -¤ä package ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ cvsup ¤ÈƱ¤¸´ÉÍýÊýË¡¤ò¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð, CVSup ¤Î -port ¤ä package ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤â¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë -¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤½¤·¤Æ/¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -

Modula-3 ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ï¤«¤Ê¤êÂ礭¤¯, ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎžÁ÷¤ä¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Ï¤¹¤°¤Ë -½ª¤ï¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ÎÍýͳ¤«¤é, »°¤Ä¤á¤ÎÁªÂò»è¤¬Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -°Ê²¼¤Î¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹ç½°¹ñ¤Ë¤¢¤ëÇÛÉÛ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤é¤Ç¤â, FreeBSD ÍѤΠ-¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤¿ CVSup ¼Â¹Ô·Á¼°¤¬Æþ¼ê²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹: - - - - (¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È). - - (¥µ¡¼¥Ð). - - -¤Þ¤¿, ¥É¥¤¥Ä¤Î¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹: - - - - (¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È). - - (¥µ¡¼¥Ð). - - -ÌõÃí: ÆüËܹñÆâ¤Î¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹: - - - - (¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È). - - (¥µ¡¼¥Ð). - - -

¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î¤ß¤¬É¬Íפˤʤë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î -¼Â¹Ô·Á¼°¤Ï´°Á´¤Ë¼«¸Ê´°·ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê, FreeBSD-2.1.0 ¤«¤é FreeBSD-current -¤Þ¤Ç¤Î, ¤É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤âÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

¤Þ¤È¤á¤ë¤È, CVSup ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÁªÂò»è¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹: - - - FreeBSD-2.2°Ê¹ß: ¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê, port, package - FreeBSD-2.1.6, 2.1.7: ¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê, port - FreeBSD-2.1.5 °ÊÁ°: ¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê - - -CVSup ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - -

CVSup ¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï, "supfile" ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç -À©¸æ¤·¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD-2.2 ¤«¤é¤Ï, supfile ¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤¬¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê -¤Î²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. 2.2 °ÊÁ°¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î -¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤ò -¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

supfile ¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î cvsup ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¼ÁÌä¤Ø¤ÎÅú¤¨¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - - - - - - - -

¼¡¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¼ÁÌä¤Ë½çÈÖ¤ËÅú¤¨¤Ê¤¬¤éŵ·¿Åª¤Ê supfile -¤òÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤Æ¤¤¤­¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ½é¤Ë supfile ¤ÎÁ´Âι½Â¤¤òÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

supfile ¤Ï¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¹. ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤Ï "#" ¤«¤é¹ÔËö¤Þ¤Ç¤Ç¤¹. -¶õ¹Ô¤È¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤À¤±¤Î¹Ô¤Ï̵»ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

»Ä¤ê¤Î³Æ¹Ô¤Ë¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤¿¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë·²¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¹Ô¤Î»Ï¤á¤Ï, ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¦¤ÇÄêµÁ¤·¤¿ÏÀÍýŪ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ç¤¢¤ë -¡Ö¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¡×¤Î̾¾Î¤Ç¤¹. ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î̾¾Î¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ, Íߤ·¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë·²¤ò -¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó̾¤Î¸å¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Û¥ï¥¤¥È¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ç¶èÀÚ¤é¤ì¤¿ -0¸Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬Â³¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬¾åµ­¤Î¼ÁÌä¤ËÂФ¹¤ë -Åú¤¨¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ë¤Ï 2¼ïÎढ¤ê¤Þ¤¹: flag ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤È value -¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ç¤¹. flag ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï "delete" ¤ä "compress" ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê -ñÆȤΥ­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤«¤éÀ®¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, value ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤â¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç -»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Î¸å¤Ë¤Ï¥Û¥ï¥¤¥È¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ÏÆþ¤é¤º, "=" ¤È -Æó¤Ä¤á¤Îñ¸ì¤¬Â³¤­¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, "release=cvs" ¤Ï value ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ç¤¹. - -

Ä̾ï, supfile ¤Ë¤Ï¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤¿¤¤¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò°ì¤Ä°Ê¾å»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. -supfile ¤òÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤ë°ì¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤È¤·¤Æ, ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥óËè¤Ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î´Ø·¸¤Î -¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤òÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë»ØÄꤹ¤ëÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, ¤³¤ì¤Ç¤Ï supfile -¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬Æ±¤¸¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤¿¤á, -¹Ô¤¬Èó¾ï¤ËŤ¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤ÉÔÊؤˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÌäÂê¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á, -CVSup ¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤ë¥á¥«¥Ë¥º¥à¤¬Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -Æüì¤Êµ¼»÷¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó̾ "*default" ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¹Ô¤Ï, supfile Ãæ¤Î¸å³¤Î -¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÂФ·¤Æ»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë flag ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤È value ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Î -¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹. ¸Ä¡¹¤Î¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¸ÇÍ­¤ÎÃͤò -»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È, ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤò̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿ "*default" ¹Ô¤òÄɲ乤ë¤È, -supfile ¤ÎÅÓÃ椫¤é¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤÎÊѹ¹¤äÄɲ䬲Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎͽÈ÷Ã챤ò´ð¤Ë, -¤Î¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤Ã¤Æ¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î supfile ¤ò -ÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - -¤É¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤¿¤¤¤Î¤«?

sup ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÈƱÍͤË, CVSup ¤òÄ̤·¤ÆÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï -¡Ö¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¡×¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë̾Á°¤ÎÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤¿¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï -¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, FreeBSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼Á´ÂÎ -¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄêÎã¤ò¾Ò²ð¤·¤Þ¤¹. -Í¢½Ðµ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë°Å¹æ²½¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥³¡¼¥É°Ê³°¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ò´Þ¤à "src-all" ¤È¤¤¤¦ -ñ°ì¤ÎÂ礭¤Ê¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï»ä¤¿¤Á¤¬¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹ç½°¹ñ¤« -¥«¥Ê¥À¤Ë¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç, "cvs-crypto" ¤È¤¤¤¦°ì¤Ä¤ÎÉÕ²½Åª¤Ê -¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç°Å¹æ²½¥³¡¼¥É¤òÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. supfile -¤òÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤ëºÇ½é¤Î¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤È¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò°ì¹Ô¤Ë°ì¤Ä¤Å¤Ä -µ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - src-all - cvs-crypto - - -

¤É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬Íߤ·¤¤¤Î¤«?

CVSup ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤È, ¤«¤Ä¤Æ¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤Î¤¢¤ë, »ö¼Â¾å¤É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î -¥½¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤â¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï cvsupd ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò´Þ¤à -CVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤ÆÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê, ¼Â¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -"tag=" ¤ª¤è¤Ó "date=" ¤Î value ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ, Íߤ·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î -°ì¤Ä¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - -

"tag=" ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥êÃæ¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥¿¥°¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. -tag ¤Ë¤Ï revision tag ¤È branch tag ¤ÎÆó¼ïÎब¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. revision tag -¤ÏÆÃÄê¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò»Ø¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ËèÆüƱ¤¸¾õÂÖ¤ËÊݤĤ³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -°ìÊý branch tag ¤Ï, ¤¢¤ë»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Î³«È¯Ê¬Î®¤ÎºÇ¿·¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò»Ø¤·¤Þ¤¹. -branch tag ¤ÏÆÃÄê¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ëÌõ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, º£Æü¤ÈÌÀÆü¤Ç¤Ï -°Û¤Ê¤ë¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

°Ê²¼¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¶½Ì£¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë branch tag ¤Ç¤¹: - - - - -

°Ê²¼¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¶½Ì£¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë revision tag ¤Ç¤¹: - - - - -

tag ̾¤ò¼¨¤·¤¿Ä̤ê¤Ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«½½Ê¬Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. CVSup -¤Ï tag ̾¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò¸«Ê¬¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. -tag ¤¬´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç, ¤¿¤Þ¤¿¤Þ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤Àµ¤·¤¤ tag -¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤ÆCVSup ¤ÏÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¸½ºß¤¢¤ë¥½¡¼¥¹¤¬ -ºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -

branch tag ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿ºÝ¤Ë¤Ï, Ä̾ï¤Ï¤½¤Î³«È¯Ê¬Î®¤ÎºÇ¿·¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤¤¤¯¤é¤«Á°¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -"date=" ¤Î value ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÆüÉÕ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ -¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. cvsup(1) ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ç, ¤½¤ÎÊýË¡¤òÀâÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -

Îã¤È¤·¤Æ, FreeBSD-current ¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤¿¤¤¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¼¡¤Î¹Ô¤ò supfile -¤Î»Ï¤á¤ËÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹: - - - *default tag=. - - -

"tag=" ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤â "date=" ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤â»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë -Æ°¤­½Ð¤¹½ÅÍפÊÆüì¤Ê¥±¡¼¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¥±¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤Ï, ÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î CVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤«¤é¼ÂºÝ¤Î RCS -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òľÀܼõ¤±¼è¤ê¤Þ¤¹. °ìÈÌŪ¤Ë³«È¯¼Ô¤Ï¤³¤Î½èÍý¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤¬ -¹¥¤­¤Ê¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹. Èà¤é¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Ë¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤ò°Ý»ý¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, -¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥óÍúÎò¤ò±ÜÍ÷¤·²áµî¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¸¡ºº¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤·¤«¤·, ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤ÏÂ礭¤Ê¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤¬É¬Íפˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. - -

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¹¹¿·¾ðÊó¤ò¤É¤³¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò cvsup ¤ËÅÁ¤¨¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë "host=" -¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£ -¤Î¤É¤³¤«¤é¤Ç¤âÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢ºÇ´ó¤ê¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤òÁª¤Ö¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£ -¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Âè°ì¤Î FreeBSD ÇÛÉÛ¥µ¥¤¥È "cvsup.FreeBSD.org" ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹: - - - *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org - - -

¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë cvsup ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤â, ¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï "-h hostname" ¤ò -»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤ÇÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¤É¤³¤ËÃÖ¤­¤¿¤¤¤Î¤«?

"prefix=" ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï, cvsup ¤Ë¼õ¤±¼è¤Ã¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤É¤³¤ËÃÖ¤¯¤«¤ò -ÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ¥½¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òľÀܥᥤ¥ó¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼ -"/usr/src" ¤ËÃÖ¤­¤Þ¤¹. "src" ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë -ÁªÂò¤·¤¿¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç°ÅÌۤ˻ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¤»ÅÍͤȤʤê¤Þ¤¹: - - - *default prefix=/usr - - -

¤É¤³¤Ë status ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÃÖ¤­¤¿¤¤¤Î¤«?

cvsup ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ï "base" ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¾ì½ê¤Ë, ¤¢¤ë -status ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò°Ý»ý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¼õ¤±¼è¤Ã¤¿¹¹¿·¾ðÊó¤òÄɽ¾¤·Â³¤± -¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï CVSup ¤¬¤è¤ê¸ú²ÌŪ¤ËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò»Ù±ç¤· -¤Þ¤¹. ɸ½à¤Î base ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê "/usr/local/etc/cvsup" ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹: - - - *default base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup - - -

supfile ¤Ë»ØÄ꤬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, -¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¾å¤Î¹Ô¤ÏɬÍפ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

base ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ÏºîÀ®¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. base -¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç, cvsup ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ï¼Â¹Ô¤òµñÈݤ·¤Þ¤¹. - -

¤½¤Î¾¤â¤í¤â¤í¤Î supfile¤ÎÀßÄê: - -

Ä̾ï supfile ¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Ù¤­¹Ô¤¬¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - - - *default release=cvs delete use-rel-suffix compress - - -

"release=cvs" ¤Ï, ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î FreeBSD CVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤«¤é -¤½¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, -¤³¤³¤Ç¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤ÎÈÏáƤò¤³¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¾õ¶·¤Ç¤Ï¾¤Î»ØÄê¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - -

"delete" ¤Ï CVSup ¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö²Ä¤·¤Þ¤¹. CVSup ¤¬ -¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ò´°Á´¤ËºÇ¿·¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ËÊݤƤë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤Ï¾ï¤Ë -»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. CVSup ¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÀÕǤÈϰϤΥե¡¥¤¥ë¤À¤±¤ò -¿µ½Å¤Ëºï½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤Þ¤¿¤Þ¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾¤Î;ʬ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, -¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¼ê¤ò¤Ä¤±¤º¤Ë»Ä¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

"use-rel-suffix" ¤Ï ... ¿ÀÈëŪ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆËÜÅö¤Ë -ÃΤꤿ¤¤¿Í¤Ï, cvsup(1) ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, -²¿¤â¹Í¤¨¤º¤Ë»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

"compress" ¤ÏÄÌ¿®¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ç gzip ·Á¼°¤Î°µ½Ì¤Î»ÈÍѤòÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¤´»ÈÍѤΥͥåȥ¥¯Àܳ¤¬ T1 speed °Ê¾å¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¤³¤Î°µ½Ì¤ò -»ÈÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤Êý¤¬¤è¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï½½Ê¬¤ËÌò¤ËΩ¤Á¤Þ¤¹. - -

supfile ¤ÎÎã¤Î¤Þ¤È¤á: - -

°Ê²¼¤Ï supfile ¤ÎÎã¤ÎÁ´ÂΤǤ¹: - - - *default tag=. - *default host=cvsup.FreeBSD.org - *default prefix=/usr - *default base=/usr/local/etc/cvsup - *default release=cvs delete use-rel-suffix compress - src-all - cvs-crypto - - - -CVSup ¤Î¼Â¹Ô - -

¤µ¤Æ, ¹¹¿·¤Î½àÈ÷¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤ì¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ï -¼Â¤Ë´Êñ¤Ç¤¹: - - - cvsup supfile - - -

¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Î "supfile" ¤ÏºîÀ®¤·¤¿¤Ð¤«¤ê¤Î supfile -¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ç¤¹. X11 ´Ä¶­¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Æ, cvsup ¤Ï -Ä̾ï¤ÎÁàºî¤ËɬÍפʥܥ¿¥ó¤ò»ý¤Ä GUI ¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. -"go" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ, ¼Â¹Ô¤ò´Æ»ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Î "/usr/src" ¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ò¹¹¿·¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç, cvsup -¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ËɬÍפʥѡ¼¥ß¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥æ¡¼¥¶ root -¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºî¤Ã¤¿¤Ð¤«¤ê¤Ç, -¤·¤«¤â°ÊÁ°¤Ë¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, ¿À·Ð¼Á¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ï -̵Íý¤â¤Ê¤¤ÏäÀ¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ÂçÀڤʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¿¨¤é¤º¤Ë»î¤·¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë´Êñ¤Ê -ÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤É¤³¤«Å¬Åö¤Ê¾ì½ê¤Ë¶õ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Æ, -¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î°ú¿ô¤Ç»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹: - - - mkdir /var/tmp/dest - cvsup supfile /var/tmp/dest - - -

»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î -¹¹¿·Àè¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. CVSup ¤Ï "/usr/src" ¤Î²¼¤Î -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¸¡ºº¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬, Êѹ¹¤äºï½ü¤Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë "/var/tmp/dest/usr/src" ¤Ë¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ -ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï, CVSup ¤Ï base -¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î status ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·¤»¤º¤Ë¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê -¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. "/usr/src" ¤ÎÆɤ߼è¤êµö²Ä¤¬¤¢¤ë¸Â¤ê, ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê -»î¤·¼Â¹Ô¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¥æ¡¼¥¶ root ¤Ë¤Ê¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

X11 ¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤«Ã±¤Ë GUI ¤¬µ¤¤ËÆþ¤é¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, cvsup -µ¯Æ°»þ¤Ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤ËÆó¤Ä¤Û¤É¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄɲ乤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - - - cvsup -g -L 2 supfile - - -

"-g" ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï cvsup ¤Ë GUI ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤ËÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹. X11 -¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï -ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - -

"-L 2" ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï cvsup ¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¹¹¿·Ãæ¤Î¾ÜºÙ¾ðÊó¤ò¥×¥ê¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È -¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ¾éĹÀ­¤Ë¤Ï "-L 0" ¤«¤é "-L 2" ¤Þ¤Ç¤Î»°¤Ä¤Î¥ì¥Ù¥ë -¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï 0 ¤Ç¤¢¤ê, ¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸°Ê³°¤Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯½ÐÎÏ -¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¾¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÊÑ¿ô¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤é¤Î´Êñ¤Ê°ìÍ÷¤Ï -"cvsup -H" ¤Çɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤ÀâÌÀ¤Ï¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

Æ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¹¹¿·¤ÎÊýË¡¤ËËþ­¤·¤¿¤é, cron(8) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ cvsup ¤òÄê´üŪ¤Ë -¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤»¤ë½àÈ÷¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. cron ¤«¤éµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë¤Ï, ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë -cvsup ¤¬ GUI ¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -CVSup ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó - -

CVSup ·Ðͳ¤ÇÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï³¬ÁØŪ¤ËÁÈ¿¥²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«Â礭¤Ê¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï¾®¤µ¤Ê¥µ¥Ö¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë -ʬ³ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. Â礭¤Ê¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥óËè¤Ë -¼õ¿®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÈƱ¤¸¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ²¼¤Î°ìÍ÷¤Ç¤Ï¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó´Ö¤Î³¬Áشط¸¤ò -»ú²¼¤²¤·¤Æɽ¸½¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

ºÇ¤â°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï -cvs-all release=cvs -¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î FreeBSD CVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¢¤ê, Í¢½Ðµ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤¿°Å¹æ²½¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

- - distrib release=cvs - FreeBSD ¤ÎÇÛÉۤȥߥ顼¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¹. - doc-all release=cvs - FreeBSD ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹. - ports-all release=cvs - FreeBSD ¤Î ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹. -

- - ports-archivers release=cvs - ¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ó¥ó¥°¤Î¥Ä¡¼¥ë. - ports-astro release=cvs - ŷʸ³Ø´ØÏ¢¤Î ports. - ports-audio release=cvs - ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È. - ports-base release=cvs - /usr/ports ¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë. - ports-benchmarks release=cvs - ¥Ù¥ó¥Á¥Þ¡¼¥¯¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à. - ports-cad release=cvs - CAD ¥Ä¡¼¥ë. - ports-chinese release=cvs - Ãæ¹ñ¸ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È. - ports-comms release=cvs - ÄÌ¿®¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢. - ports-converters release=cvs - ʸ»ú¥³¡¼¥É¥³¥ó¥Ð¡¼¥¿. - ports-databases release=cvs - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹. - ports-devel release=cvs - ³«È¯¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£. - ports-editors release=cvs - ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿. - ports-emulators release=cvs - ¾¤Î OS ¤Î¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿. - ports-games release=cvs - ¥²¡¼¥à. - ports-graphics release=cvs - ¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£. - ports-japanese release=cvs - ÆüËܸ쥵¥Ý¡¼¥È. - ports-korean release=cvs - ´Ú¹ñ¸ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È. - ports-lang release=cvs - ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¸À¸ì. - ports-mail release=cvs - ¥á¡¼¥ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢. - ports-math release=cvs - ¿ôÃÍ·×»»¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢. - ports-mbone release=cvs - MBone ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó. - ports-misc release=cvs - ¿§¡¹¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£. - ports-net release=cvs - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥­¥ó¥°¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢. - ports-news release=cvs - USENET ¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢. - ports-plan9 release=cvs - Plan9 ¤«¤é¤Î¿§¡¹¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à. - ports-print release=cvs - °õºþ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢. - ports-russian release=cvs - ¥í¥·¥¢¸ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È. - ports-security release=cvs - ¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£. - ports-shells release=cvs - ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¥·¥§¥ë. - ports-sysutils release=cvs - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£. - ports-textproc release=cvs - ʸ½ñ½èÍý¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£(¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥È¥Ã¥×¥Ñ¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥·¥ó¥°¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤). - ports-vietnamese release=cvs - ¥Ù¥È¥Ê¥à¸ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È. - ports-www release=cvs - World Wide Web ´ØÏ¢¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢. - ports-x11 release=cvs - X11 ¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢. - - src-all release=cvs - ¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î FreeBSD ¥½¡¼¥¹·²¤Ç¤¢¤ê, Í¢½Ðµ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤¿°Å¹æ²½¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

- - src-base release=cvs - /usr/src ¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë. - src-bin release=cvs - ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¥â¡¼¥É¤ÇɬÍפʥ桼¥¶¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ - (/usr/src/bin). - src-contrib release=cvs - FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È³°Éô¤«¤é¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ª¤è¤Ó¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê, - Èæ³ÓŪ̵½¤Àµ (/usr/src/contrib). - src-etc release=cvs - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (/usr/src/etc). - src-games release=cvs - ¥²¡¼¥à(/usr/src/games). - src-gnu release=cvs - GNU Public License ²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ (/usr/src/gnu). - src-include release=cvs - ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (/usr/src/include). - src-lib release=cvs - ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê (/usr/src/lib). - src-libexec release=cvs - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ê, Ä̾ï¤Ï¾¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤«¤é¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë - (/usr/src/libexec). - src-release release=cvs - FreeBSD ¤Î release ¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë (/usr/src/release). - src-sbin release=cvs - ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¥â¡¼¥ÉÍѤΥ·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£(/usr/src/sbin). - src-share release=cvs - ¿Íͤʥ·¥¹¥Æ¥à´Ö¤Ç¶¦Í­²Äǽ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (/usr/src/share). - src-sys release=cvs - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë (/usr/src/sys). - src-tools release=cvs - FreeBSD ¤ÎÊݼéÍѤο§¡¹¤Ê¥Ä¡¼¥ë (/usr/src/tools). - src-usrbin release=cvs - ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ (/usr/src/usr.bin). - src-usrsbin release=cvs - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ (/usr/src/usr.sbin). - - www release=cvs - World Wide Web ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÍѤΥ½¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹. - -cvs-crypto release=cvs -Í¢½Ðµ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤¿°Å¹æ²½¥³¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. -

- - src-contrib-crypto release=cvs - Í¢½Ðµ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤¿ FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È³°Éô¤«¤é¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ª¤è¤Ó - ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê, Èæ³ÓŪ̵½¤Àµ (/usr/src/contrib-crypto). - src-eBones release=cvs - Kerberos ¤ª¤è¤Ó DES (/usr/src/eBones). - src-secure release=cvs - DES (/usr/src/secure). - -distrib release=self -CVSup ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¼«¿È¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¹. CVSup ¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤¬»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. -gnats release=current -GNATS ¥Ð¥°¥È¥é¥Ã¥­¥ó¥°¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹. -src-sys release=lite2 -lite2 kernel ¤Î¥Þ¡¼¥¸ÍѤΠCVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹. -src-sys release=smp -SMP ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥ÈÍѤΠCVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹. -www release=current -¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤¿ World Wide Web ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ç¤¹. WWW ¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤¬»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - -CVSup ¤Î¥¢¥Ê¥¦¥ó¥¹, ¼ÁÌ䤪¤è¤Ó¥Ð¥°Êó¹ð - -

CVSup ¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î FreeBSD ´ØÏ¢¤ÎµÄÏÀ¤Ï &a.hackers; ¤Ç -¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï &a.announce; ¤Ç -¥¢¥Ê¥¦¥ó¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -

¼ÁÌä¤È¥Ð¥°Êó¹ð¤Ï¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Îºî¼Ô, ¤Ø -Á÷¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/cyclades.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/cyclades.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 53d89ff..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/cyclades.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -cy ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥° - -

¸¶ºî: &a.alex;.6 June 1996. -

Ìõ: &a.yuki;.6 September 1996. - - Cyclades¼Ò¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï, ¾¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤¬ - »È¤¦sio¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ëcy¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë´Êñ¤Ç, - - - cy ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î - ¤Ë­¤·¤Þ¤¹. - (Ãí°Õ. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Îirq¤äiomem¤ÎÀßÄ꤬¤¬°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó) - - -device cy0 at isa? tty irq 10 iomem 0xd4000 iosiz 0x2000 vector cyintr - - - ¿·¤·¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î ¤ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¤ò¼¡(8¥Ý¡¼¥È¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹.)¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÂǤäƺî¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - - -# cd /dev -# for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do ./MAKEDEV cuac$i ttyc$i;done - - - ¤â¤·, ɬÍפʤé - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹(ttyd)¤È¤½¤Ã¤¯¤ê¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤Æ - ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºî¤ê, ttyd - ttyd¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ëttyc¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. Îã: - - -ttyc0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure -ttyc1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure -ttyc2 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure -[...] -ttyc7 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown on insecure - - - ¿·¤·¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÇΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤Þ¤¹. - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/development.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/development.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 01a40e2..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/development.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ - - - - -FreeBSD¤Î³«È¯¥â¥Ç¥ë - -

¸¶ºî: &a.asami;. -18 October 1996. - -

Ìõ: &a.asami;. -31 October 1996. - -

FreeBSD¤Î³«È¯¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë³«¤«¤ì¤¿, ½ÀÆðÀ­¤Î¤¢¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¹. ¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤±¤ì¤Ð¤ï¤«¤ë -¤È¤ª¤ê, FreeBSD¤Ïʸ»úÄ̤êÀ¤³¦Ãæ¤Î²¿É´¤È¤¤¤¦¿Í¡¹¤ÎÅØÎϤˤè¤Ã¤Æ³«È¯¤µ¤ì -¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¿·¤·¤¤³«È¯¼Ô¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤âÂç´¿·Þ¤Ç¤¹¤Î¤Ç, &a.hackers; ¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò -Á÷¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, ÂçÀª¤ÇµÄÏÀ¤¹¤ë¤è¤ê¤Ï°ì¿Í¤ÇÀŤ«¤Ë³«È¯¤Ë¤Õ¤±¤ê¤¿ -¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¿Í¤Ï»ä¤¿¤Á¤ÎFTP¥µ¥¤¥È¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ä³«È¯Ãæ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò¸ø³«¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤Ã -¤Æ·ë¹½¤Ç¤¹. &a.announce; ¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¾¤ÎFreeBSD¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¼«Ê¬¤Î¤ä¤Ã -¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤òÀëÅÁ¤·¤¿¤¤»þ¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¾»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¤¢¤È, FreeBSD¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤È¤½¤Î³«È¯¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ, ¤É¤Ê¤¿¤Ë¤âÃÎ¤Ã¤Æ -¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - - - -CVS¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê - -

FreeBSD¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Ï -(Concurrent Version System)¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥á¥ó¥Æ¥Ê¥ó¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. CVS¤Ï¥½¡¼ -¥¹¥³¡¼¥É´ÉÍýÍѤΥե꡼¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ç, FreeBSD¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤â´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤ -¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD¤Î¤ÏÊƹñ¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢½£¤Î¥³¥ó¥³¥ë¥É»Ô¤Ë¸ºß -¤·, ¤½¤³¤«¤éÀ¤³¦Ãæ¤Î¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. CVS¥Ä -¥ê¡¼¤½¤Î¤â¤Î, ¤½¤·¤Æ¤½¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥¦¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤Ï¤¢¤Ê -¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë¤â´Êñ¤Ë¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤Î¾Ï¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.

- -¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼´ÉÍý¼Ô - -

¤ÏCVS¥Ä¥ê¡¼ -¤Ø¤Î½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¸¢¸Â¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í, ¤Ä¤Þ¤êFreeBSD¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ËÊѹ¹¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤³ -¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¿Í¤Ç¤¹. (CVS¤Ç¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤ËÊѹ¹¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤Ë¤Ïcvs(1) -``commit'' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¿Í¡¹¤Ï±Ñ¸ì¤Ç¤Ï -``committers'' ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹.) ³«È¯¼Ô¤Ë¥³¡¼¥É¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ¸«¤Æ¤â¤é¤¦¤Î¤Ë°ì -ÈÖ¤¤¤¤ÊýË¡¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤â¤·, ²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ -send-pr¤¬»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¤é¤Ë¥á¡¼ -¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤¤¤Æ¤â·ë¹½¤Ç¤¹.

- -FreeBSD¥³¥¢¥Á¡¼¥à - -

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- - - -¤Ò¤È¤³¤È¤Ç¸À¤¦¤È, FreeBSD¤Î³«È¯ÁÈ¿¥¤Ï¤æ¤ë¤ä¤«¤ÊƱ¿´±ß¾õ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤È¤â¤¹¤ë¤ÈÃæ±û½¸¸¢Åª¤Ë¸«¤¨¤¬¤Á¤Ê¤³¤ÎÁÈ¿¥¤Ï, FreeBSD¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ -¤­¤Á¤ó¤È´ÉÍý¤µ¤ì¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤òÍưפËÄɤ¤¤«¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥Ç¥¶¥¤¥ó¤µ¤ì -¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç, ¹×¸¥¤·¤¿¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¿Í¤òÄù¤á½Ð¤¹°Õ¿Þ¤ÏÁ´¤¯¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó! »ä¤¿ -¤Á¤ÎÌÜɸ¤Ï°ÂÄꤷ¤¿¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È´Êñ¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ»È¤¦ -¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤ë¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢ -¤ê, ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï·ë¹½¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤Ï¤¿¤é¤¯¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - -¤³¤ì¤«¤éFreeBSD¤Î³«È¯¤Ë¤¿¤º¤µ¤ï¤í¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦¿Í¤Ë, »ä¤¿¤Á¤¬Ë¾¤à¤³¤È¤Ï¤¿¤À -°ì¤Ä¤Ç¤¹: FreeBSD¤ÎÀ®¸ù¤ò·Ñ³Ū¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¸½ºß¤Î³«È¯¼Ô¤ÈƱ¤¸ -¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ðÇ®¤ò»ý¤Ã¤ÆÀܤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤! diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/dialout.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/dialout.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index a4247eb..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/dialout.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,264 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥¦¥È¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹ - -

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Ìõ: ´Ý»³¹ä»Ê . -31 December 1996. - -°Ê²¼¤Ï¥â¥Ç¥à¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¾¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ÈÀܳ¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤òÀâÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤Ï¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤È¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ëÀܳ¤ò³ÎΩ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎŬÀÚ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï BBS ¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤è¤¯»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¼ï¤ÎÀܳ¤Ï PPP Àܳ¤ËÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç, Internet ¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò -žÁ÷¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ËÈó¾ï¤ËÌò¤ËΩ¤Á¤Þ¤¹. FTP ¤Ç²¿¤é¤«¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òžÁ÷¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ë -PPP Àܳ¤ò³ÎΩ¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò FTP žÁ÷¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó -¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ ZMODEM ¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òžÁ÷¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - -

- ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç - chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip - - ¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï - »ä¤Î Hayes ¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ï¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó, ¤É¤¦¤·¤è¤¦? - -

- ¼ÂºÝ, /etc/remote ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Ç - ``/usr/src/usr.bin/tip/tip ¤Î²¼¤Î - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î AT ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï? -

- /etc/remote ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¤Ç ``/dev/cuaa0 - ¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - cuaa0:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#19200:pa=none - - ¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ëºÇÂç¤Î bps ¥ì¡¼¥È¤ò br ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ë»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤·¤Æ ``/dev/cuaa0¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - cd /dev - ./MAKEDEV cuaa0 - -

- ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï root ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë cu ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - cu -l ``line'' -s ``speed'' - - line ¤Ë¤Ï¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹ (Î㤨¤Ð /dev/cuaa0). - ¤½¤·¤Æ speed ¤Ë¤ÏÀܳ¤¹¤ë®ÅÙ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹ (Î㤨¤Ð 57600). - ¤½¤Î¸å AT ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤é, ~. ¤ÈÆþÎϤ¹¤ì¤Ð½ªÎ»¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - pn µ¡Ç½¤Î -

- ÅÅÏÃÈÖ¹æ (pn) µ¡Ç½¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤Î /etc/phone ¤Ë¤¢¤ëÅÅÏÃÈÖ¹æ¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - ¤·¤«¤· /etc/remote ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê - ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤ÏÆüìʸ»ú¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - - pn=\@ - - - - ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤«¤éÅÅÏÃÈÖ¹æ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤Ë¤Ï? -

- ``/etc/remote - ¤ËÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#115200:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - - - ¤½¤·¤Æ `` - cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du: - - ¤½¤·¤Æ `` - Ëè²ó bps ¥ì¡¼¥È¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? -

- - ¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò·Ðͳ¤·¤ÆÊ£¿ô¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ø¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤¿¤¤¤ó¤Ç¤¹. - -

- Ëè²óÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤òÂÔ¤Ã¤Æ ``/etc/remote ¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹: - - pain|pain.deep13.com|Forrester's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT pain\n:tc=deep13: - muffin|muffin.deep13.com|Frank's machine:\ - :cm=CONNECT muffin\n:tc=deep13: - deep13:Gizmonics Institute terminal server:\ - :dv=/dev/cua02:br#38400:at=hayes:du:pa=none:pn=5551234: - - - ¤³¤ì¤Ç, `` - tip ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤ÎÊ£¿ô¤Î²óÀþ¤ËÀܳ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤«? - -

- ¤³¤ì¤ÏÂç³Ø¤ËÅÅÏòóÀþ¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¿ôÀé¿Í¤Î³ØÀ¸¤¬Àܳ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë - ¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤è¤¯¤¢¤ëÌäÂê¤Ç¤¹. -

- ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎÂç³Ø¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò /etc/remote ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËºîÀ®¤·¤Æ, - @ ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - - big-university:\ - :pn=\@:tc=dialout - dialout:\ - :dv=/dev/cuaa3:br#9600:at=courier:du:pa=none: - - - ¤½¤·¤Æ /etc/phone ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂç³Ø¤ÎÅÅÏÃÈÖ¹æ¤Î°ìÍ÷¤ò½ñ¤­¤Þ¤¹: - - big-university 5551111 - big-university 5551112 - big-university 5551113 - big-university 5551114 - - - - CTRL+P ¤ò 1²óÁ÷¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë 2ÅÙ²¡¤¹É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼? - -

- CTRL+P ¤ÏÄ̾ï ``force (¶¯À©)'' ʸ»ú¤Ç¤¢¤ê, $HOME/.tiprc ¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄêµÁ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, - Ǥ°Õ¤Îʸ»ú¤ò force ʸ»ú¤È¤·¤ÆÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹: - - force= - - - - ÂǤÁ¹þ¤ó¤Àʸ»ú¤¬ÆÍÁ³¤¹¤Ù¤ÆÂçʸ»ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿?? -

- CTRL+A ¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¡¢caps-lock ¥­¡¼¤¬²õ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÀ߷פµ¤ì¤¿ - tip ¤Î ``raise character'' ¥â¡¼¥É¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ´û¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë - force=^^ - raisechar=^^ - - ^^ ¤Ï SHIFT+CTRL+6 ¤Ç¤¹. - - - -

- ¤â¤·Â¾¤Î UNIX ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÈÀܳ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é, - ~p <¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾> [<¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾>] - ~t <¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾> [<¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾>] - - - ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç, zmodem - ¤Ê¤É¤Î¾¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿Êý¤¬¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - -

- ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼õ¿®¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¦¤ÇÁ÷¿®¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤·¤Æ `` diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/dialup.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/dialup.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 16daf77..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/dialup.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,821 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¤¥ó¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹ - -

¸¶ºî: &a.ghelmer;. -

Ìõ: &a.max;.6 September 1996. - -¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Ç³°Éô¤«¤é¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ë¤è¤ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤ò¼õ¤±ÉÕ -¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Þ¤È¤á¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤ÏÉ®¼Ô¤¬ -FreeBSD 1.0, 1.1 ¤ª¤è¤Ó 1.1.5.1 ¤Ç¤Î·Ð¸³¤È, ¾¤Î UNIX ·Ï OS ¤Ç¤Î·Ð¸³¤ò -´ð¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ɬ¤º¤·¤â½½Ê¬¤ÊÆâÍƤǤʤ¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤·, ·ÇºÜ¤· -¤¿¼ÂÎã¤â¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬º£¤ª»È¤¤¤Î´Ä¶­¤È¤Ï°ìÃפ·¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Þ¤¿, É®¼Ô -¤Ï¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë½¾¤Ã¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤¿ºî¶È¤Ç¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿¤ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ÇË -²õ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â, °ìÀÚÀÕǤ¤ò¤È¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -ÀßÄê¤ò»Ï¤á¤ëÁ°¤Ë

- -É®¼Ô¤Ï, ÆɼԤ¬ FreeBSD ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë´ðËÜŪ¤ÊÃ챤ò¤â¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²¾Äꤷ¤Æ -¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤ò¤Þ¤È¤á¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤Þ¤º, FreeBSD ¤¬´û¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì -¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, UNIX ·Ï´Ä¶­¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÊÔ½¸¤ÎÊýË¡¤ä¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÉÕ°¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å -¥¢¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, °Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë, - FreeBSD ¤ÎÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤¬É¬ÍפȤʤê¤Þ¤¹¤·, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÍѸì¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë -Ãμ±, ¤½¤·¤Æ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ä¿¾¯¤ÎÇÛÀþ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÃ챤âɬÍפȤʤê¤Þ¤¹. - -FreeBSD ¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó -

- -¤Þ¤º, FreeBSD ¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï 1.1 °Ê¾å¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ (¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó -2.x ¤Ç¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ). FreeBSD 1.0 ¤Ë¤Ï, 2¼ïÎà¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð -¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç, º®Íð¤Î¸µ¤È¤Ê¤êÆÀ¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, FreeBSD ¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë -¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð (ÍѸì²òÀâ -

- -°Ê²¼, ´Êñ¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÍѸì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ²òÀ⤷¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - - - -¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÍѸì¤ä¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÄÌ¿®°ìÈ̤˴ؤ·¤Æ, ¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤¬É¬Íפʾì¹ç¤Ï, -³°¤Å¤±¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÈÆ⢥â¥Ç¥à¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ -

- -¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¨¤Ð, ³°¤Å¤±¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÊý¤¬Å¬¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë -¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¿¤¯¤Î³°¤Å¤±¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÏÀßÄê¤òÉÔ´øȯ¥é¥à¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤ó¤ÇȾ -±Êµ×Ū¤ËÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤·, ¤Þ¤¿ RS-232 ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë½ÅÍפʾðÊó¤òÃΤë -¤¿¤á¤ÎÅÀÌǤ¹¤ë¥é¥¤¥È¤Ë¤è¤ë¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥£¥±¡¼¥¿¤¬ÅëºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. ÅÀÌÇ -¤¹¤ë¥é¥¤¥È¤Ï, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¸«¤ËÍ褿ˬÌä¼Ô¤Ë¶¯¤¤°õ¾Ý¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¸ú²Ì¤À¤± -¤Ç¤Ê¤¯, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬Å¬ÀÚ¤ËÆ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òÃΤ뤿¤á¤Ë¤âÍ­¸ú¤Ç¤¹. - -°ìÊý, ¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ÎÆ⢷¿¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ë¤ÏÉÔ´øȯÀ­¥é¥à¤¬ÅëºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á, -¥Ç¥£¥Ã¥× ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤ÎÊѹ¹°Ê³°¤ËÀßÄê¤òÊݸ¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Þ¤¿, ¤â -¤·¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥£¥±¡¼¥¿¤¬¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤â, ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î¥±¡¼¥¹ ¥«¥Ð¡¼¤¬ -³°¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤½¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ÏÆñ¤·¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë -

- -°Ê²¼¤Î¤³¤È¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ, ͽ¤áÃΤäƤª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤È¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î´Ö¤Ç¤ÎÄÌ¿®¤¬¹Ô¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀܳÊý -Ë¡. (Æ⢷¿¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÏÀܳ¤ÎɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó) - - ¤ª»È¤¤¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÃμ±, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î²òÀâ -¤Îºß½è - - (ÄÌ¿®¥½¥Õ¥È¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤Î) ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÉÔ´øȯ¥é¥à¤ËÊݸ²Äǽ¤ÊÀßÄê¤ÎÊѹ¹ -ÊýË¡ - - - -1ÈÖÌܤΥâ¥Ç¥à¤ÎÀܳ¤Ï¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤´Êñ¤Ë¹Ô¤¨¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥¹¥È¥ì¡¼ -¥È ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. »ÈÍѤ¹¤Ù¤­¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ï, ξü¤ËŬ -Àڤʥ³¥Í¥¯¥¿ (DB-25 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï DB-9 ¤Îͺ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï»ó) ¤Î¤Ä¤¤¤¿, DCE-DTE ´ÖÀÜ -³ÍѤΤâ¤Î¤Ç, °Ê²¼¤Î¿®¹æÀþ¤¬Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - Transmitted Data ( Received Data ( Request to Send ( Clear to Send ( Data Set Ready ( Data Terminal Ready ( Carrier Detect ( Signal Ground ( - -FreeBSD ¤Ç 2400bps °Ê¾å¤ÎžÁ÷®ÅÙ¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤Î¤¿¤á -¤Ë ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ -

- -FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï, NS8250-, NS16450-, NS16550- ¤ª¤è¤Ó NS16550A- ¤Ë´ð¤Å -¤¤¤¿ EIA RS-232C (CCITT V.24) µ¬³Ê¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È -¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. 8250 ¤ª¤è¤Ó 16450 ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤Ï1ʸ»ú¤Î¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿ -¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤¬ÅëºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, 16550 ·Ï¤Î¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤Ï, 16ʸ»úʬ -¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤¬ÅëºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ¤Ï¤ë¤«¤Ë¤è¤¤¥Ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥ó¥¹¤òÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -(¤¿¤À¤·, ̵°õ¤Î 16550 ¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Ð¥°¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ 16 ʸ»ú¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤¬ÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤» -¤ó¤Î¤Ç, ²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð 16550A ·Ï¤Î¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ) 1ʸ»ú -¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤Îʪ¤Ï, 16550 ·Ï¤Î¤â¤Î¤ÈÈæ¤Ù¤Æ OS ¤Ë¤«¤±¤ëÉé²Ù¤¬Â礭¤¤¤Î¤Ç, -16550A ·Ï¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÍøÍѤò¶¯¤¯¿ä¾©¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¿¿ô¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÍø -ÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ä, Éé²Ù¤Î¹â¤¤¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, 16550A ·Ï¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò»È¤¦ -¤³¤È¤Ç, ¥¨¥é¡¼È¯À¸Î¨¤òÄ㤯²¡¤µ¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -³µÍ× -

- -FreeBSD ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¼ê½ç¤Ç¥â¥Ç¥à¤«¤é¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤ò¼õÉÕ¤Þ¤¹. /dev/ttyd0) ¤¬¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤ò¿ÉÊú¶¯¤¯ÂÔ¤Á¤Þ¤¹. - - 4850 ?? I 0:00.09 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0 - - -¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥â¥Ç¥à¤ËÅÅÏäò¤«¤±, ¥â¥Ç¥àƱ»Î¤¬Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î /usr/bin/login ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ, ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÆþÎϤòÍ׵ᤷ, ¤½¤Î -¸å¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -¤½¤ì¤Ç¤Ï, ³¤¤¤ÆÀßÄê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î²òÀâ¤Ç¤¹. - -Kernel ¤ÎÀßÄê -

- -Ä̾ï, FreeBSD ¤Î kernel ¤Ï, PC-DOS ¤ÎÀ¤³¦¤Ç /sbin/dmesg ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, ¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Î½ÐÎÏ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸ -¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ÆäË, -/sbin/dmesg | grep 'sio' - - -¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò»Í¤Ä»ý¤Ä¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥·¥ê -¥¢¥ë ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬ kernel ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - -sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa -sio0: type 16550A -sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on isa -sio1: type 16550A -sio2 at 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 5 on isa -sio2: type 16550A -sio3 at 0x2e8-0x2ef irq 9 on isa -sio3: type 16550A - - -¤â¤·, kernel ¤ËÀµ¾ï¤Ëǧ¼±¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¥«¥¹¥¿¥Þ -¥¤¥º¤·¤¿ kernel ¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -kernel ¹½Ãۤȹ½ÃۤΤ¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï, BSD System Manager's Manual -¤Î ``Building Berkeley Kernels with Config (config ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤è¤ë BSD -kernel ¤Î¹½ÃÛ) '' [¥½¡¼¥¹ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï -/usr/src/share/doc/smm ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹]¤È ``FreeBSD -Configuration Options'' [ /sys/conf/options ¤ª¤è¤Ó -/sys/arch/conf/options.arch ¤Î -arch¤ÎÉôʬ¤ò¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ði386¤È¤·¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë ] ¤ò»²¾È -¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -kernel ¤ÎÀßÄê¤È¹½ÃÛ¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, kernel ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹ - (FreeBSD 1.1 ¤Ç¤Ï srcdist/srcsys.??, FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 ¤Ç¤Ï -srcdist/sys.??, ¤Þ¤¿FreeBSD 2.0 ¤Ç¤ÏÁí¤Æ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹)¤òŸ³« -¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -¤Þ¤À¼«Ê¬¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î kernel ÍѤΥ³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥®¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºî¤Ã -¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, /sys/i386/conf ¤Ë -device sio0 at isa? port "IO_COM1" tty irq 4 vector siointr -device sio1 at isa? port "IO_COM2" tty irq 3 vector siointr -device sio2 at isa? port "IO_COM3" tty irq 5 vector siointr -device sio3 at isa? port "IO_COM4" tty irq 9 vector siointr - - -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÅëºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëµ­½Ò¤Ï, ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤Þ¤¿ -¤Ïºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. Boca ¤Î BB2016 ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î -¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ü¡¼¥É¤ò¤ª»ý¤Á¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤ÇÃí°Õ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. (¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Î -¾ì¹ç¤Ï, Ê£¿ô¤Î 16550A ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç°ì¤Ä¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î IRQ ¤ò¶¦Í­¤¹¤ë -¤¿¤á¤Îµ¡¹½¤òÈ÷¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ) - -¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥®¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÊÔ½¸¤¬½ª¤ï¤Ã¤¿¤é, ``Building -Berkeley Kernels with Config (config ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤è¤ë BSD kernel ¤Î¹½ÃÛ)'' -¤ª¤è¤Ó ¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -

- -kernel ¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï, /dev ¥Ç¥£¥ì -¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë, ¡Ö¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡×¤ò²ð¤·¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤µ¤ì -¤Þ¤¹. /dev/ttyd? ¤ª¤è -¤Ó, ȯ¿®ÍѤΠ/dev/cua0? ¤¬ÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤µ¤é¤Ë, FreeBSD ¤Î -1.1.5 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï, ½é´ü²½¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ (/dev/ttyi? ¤È -/dev/cuai0?)¤ª¤è¤Ó¥í¥Ã¥­¥ó¥° ¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ (/dev/ttyld? ¤È -/dev/cual0?) ¤â¹ç¤ï¤»¤ÆÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ½é´ü²½¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï, ÄÌ¿® -¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤µ¤ì¤ëÅÙ¤Ë, ¤½¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î½é´üÀßÄê¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, CTS/RTS ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤ò¹Ô¤¦¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤ -¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î ¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºîÀ® -

- -¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î´ÉÍý¤Ï, ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê /dev -¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥·¥§¥ë ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È /dev ¤Ë /dev/ttyd? ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯, -/dev/cua0? (¤ª¤è¤Ó FreeBSD 1.1.5 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤ÏÁí¤Æ¤Î½é´ü²½¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤ -¥¹¤È¥í¥Ã¥­¥ó¥° ¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë) ¤âºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤µ¤é¤Ë, -¤â¤·¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëüËöÍѤΥ¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë/dev/tty0? ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ì -¤Ð, ¤½¤ì¤é¤Îºï½ü¤â¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºîÀ®¸å, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥ß¥·¥ç¥ó -¤¬Å¬ÀÚ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤ß¤¬ -Æɤ߽ñ¤­¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. (ÆÃ¤Ë -/dev/cua* ¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥ß¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤ÏÃí°Õ¤òʧ¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ) ¤³¤Î³Îǧ -¤òÂÕ¤ë¤È, °ìÈ̤Υ桼¥¶¤¬¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê -¤ê¤«¤Í¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î /dev/cua* ¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥ß¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î -¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ¤¿¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Î¾ì¹çŬÀڤʤâ¤Î¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -crw-rw---- 1 uucp dialer 28, 129 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cua01 -crw-rw---- 1 uucp dialer 28, 161 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cuai01 -crw-rw---- 1 uucp dialer 28, 193 Feb 15 14:38 /dev/cual01 - - -¾å¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶ ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -

- -FreeBSD ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë ¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤è¤ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÊÔ -½¸¤¬É¬ÍפȻפï¤ì¤ëÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬, /etc ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë»°¤Ä¤¢ -¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤º, /etc/gettytab ¤Ë¤Ï, -/usr/libexec/getty ¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤ÎÀßÄê¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ä¤®¤Ë, -/etc/ttys ¤ËÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ðÊ󤫤é, /sbin/init ¤Ï¤É -¤Î /etc/rc.serial ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ë, ¤½¤ì°ÊÁ°¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ê¤é¤Ð -/etc/rc.local ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ë¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î½é´ü²½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥³¥Þ -¥ó¥É¤òµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -UNIX ¤Ë¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë ¥¢¥Ã¥× ¥â¥Ç¥à¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ï, Æó¤Ä¤Î¹Í¤¨Êý¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ -¤¹. °ì¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï, ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë ¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÀܳ®Å٤˴ط¸¤Ê¤¯, ¾ï -¤Ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î RS-232 ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ÎÀܳ®ÅÙ¤ò°ì -Äê¤ËÊݤĤ褦¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ëÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¤ÎĹ½ê¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë ¥¤ -¥ó¤·¤ÆÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È, ¨ºÂ¤Ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤«¤é¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó ¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬Á÷¿®¤µ¤ì -¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. û½ê¤Ï, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à´Ö¤Î®ÅÙ¤òÃΤ뤳¤È¤¬¤Ç -¤­¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¤Ë, Emacs ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Õ¥ë ¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬, üËö¤È¤ÎÀÜ -³®ÅÙ¤¬ÃÙ¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â, ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¸ú²ÌŪ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç²èÌ̽ÐÎϤò¹Ô¤ï¤Ê¤¤ -ÅÀ¤Ç¤¹. - -¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤Ï, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î RS-232 ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ÎÀܳ®ÅÙ¤ò, -¥â¥Ç¥à´Ö¤ÎÀܳ®Å٤˱þ¤¸¤ÆÊѲ½¤µ¤»¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÀßÄê¤Ç¤¹. ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, ¥â¥Ç¥à´Ö -¤ÎÀܳ¤¬ V.32bis (14.4 Kbps) ¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î´Ö¤ÎÀܳ¤ò -19.2 Kbps ¤È¤·, ¥â¥Ç¥à´Ö¤ÎÀܳ¤¬ 2400 bps ¤Î»þ¤Ë¤Ï, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼ -¥¿´Ö¤â 2400 bps ¤ÇÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÀßÄê¤ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, <Enter> ¥­¡¼¤ò·«¤êÊÖ¤·²¡¤µ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ -¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·Àܳ®ÅÙ¤¬´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, -/etc/gettytab -

- -/etc/gettytab ¤Ï, ¸ÇÄê®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê -

- -¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿´Ö¤ÎÄÌ¿®Â®ÅÙ¤ò¸ÇÄꤷ¤Æ»È¤¦¾ì¹ç, ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯ -/etc/gettytab ¤ËÆäËÊѹ¹¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. - -²ÄÊÑ®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê -

- -/etc/gettytab ¤Ëµ­½Ò¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·, 2400 bps ¤Î¥â -¥Ç¥à¤ò¤ª»È¤¤¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ´û¸¤Î -# -# Fast dialup terminals, 2400/1200/300 rotary (can start either way) -# -D2400|d2400|Fast-Dial-2400:\ - :nx=D1200:tc=2400-baud: -3|D1200|Fast-Dial-1200:\ - :nx=D300:tc=1200-baud: -5|D300|Fast-Dial-300:\ - :nx=D2400:tc=300-baud: - - -¹â®¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò¤ª»È¤¤¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯ /etc/gettytab ¤Ë¿·¤¿¤Ê¥¨ -¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÄɲ乤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. °Ê²¼¤ÎÎã¤Ï, 14.4 Kbps ¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò, ºÇ -Â祤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹Â®ÅÙ¤ò 19.2 Kbps ¤È¤·¤ÆÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹. - - -# -# Additions for a V.32bis Modem -# -um|V300|High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\ - :nx=V19200:tc=std.300: -un|V1200|High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\ - :nx=V300:tc=std.1200: -uo|V2400|High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\ - :nx=V1200:tc=std.2400: -up|V9600|High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\ - :nx=V2400:tc=std.9600: -uq|V19200|High Speed Modem at 19200,8-bit:\ - :nx=V9600:tc=std.19200: - - -¾åµ­¤ÎÎã¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç, FreeBSD 1.1.5 °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ê¤·, 8¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Î -Àܳ¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD 1.1 ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ËÄɲ乤뤳¤È¤Ç, ¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ê¤·, -8¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÎÀܳ¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤³¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤òÄɲ䷤ʤ±¤ì¤ÐÀܳ¤Ï¶ö¿ô -¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£, 7¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -¾åµ­¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ¤Þ¤º 19.2 Kbps (V.32bis) ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿´Ö¤Î -Àܳ¤ò»î¤ß, ³¤¤¤Æ 9600 bps (V.32), 2400 bps, 1200 bps, 300 bps¤È½ç¤Ë -»î¤ß, ºÆ¤Ó 19.2 Kbps ¤Ë¤è¤ëÀܳ¤ò»î¤ß¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦½Û´Ä¤ËÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÀܳ -®Å٤ν۴ĤÏ, -# -# Additions for a V.32bis or V.34 Modem -# Starting at 57.6 Kbps -# -vm|VH300|Very High Speed Modem at 300,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH57600:tc=std.300: -vn|VH1200|Very High Speed Modem at 1200,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH300:tc=std.1200: -vo|VH2400|Very High Speed Modem at 2400,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH1200:tc=std.2400: -vp|VH9600|Very High Speed Modem at 9600,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH2400:tc=std.9600: -vq|VH57600|Very High Speed Modem at 57600,8-bit:\ - :nx=VH9600:tc=std.57600: - - -¤â¤·, ¤ª»È¤¤¤Î CPU ¤¬Ä㮤Τâ¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤ê, CPU ¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÉé²Ù¤¬¹â¤¤¾ì¹ç -¤Ç, 16650A ·Ï¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò¤ª»È¤¤¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç, 57.6 Kbps ¤ÎÀܳ¤Ë -¤ª¤¤¤Æ, sio ¤Î ``slio'' ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤¹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -/etc/ttys -

- -/etc/ttys ¤Ë¤Ï, /etc/ttys ¤Ï, /etc/ttys ¤Î´û¸¤Î¹Ô¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤«, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¿·¤·¤¤¹Ô¤òÄɲä·¤Æ, - -ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty xxx" dialup on - - -1ÈÖÌܤιàÌܤÏ, ¤³¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ÇÂоݤȤ¹¤ë¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -¤Ç¤¹. ¾å¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï /dev/ttyd0 ¤ò "/usr/libexec/getty - (/etc/ttys ¤Î½¤Àµ¤¬¤¹¤ó¤À¤é, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ -/etc/ttys ¤ò -Æɤ߹þ¤ßľ¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -kill -1 1 - - -¤¿¤À, ¤â¤·½é¤á¤Æ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬Å¬ÀÚ¤ËÀßÄꤵ -¤ì¤ÆÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï, ¸ÇÄê®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê -

- -®ÅÙ¤ò¸ÇÄꤹ¤ëÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï, /etc/ttys ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç, -ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" dialup on - - -Ê̤ήÅ٤ǥâ¥Ç¥à¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥É¤ò¸ÇÄꤷ¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -/etc/gettytab ¤«¤éŬÀڤʥ¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç, ¾å¤ÎÎã¤Î -std. ¤È¤·¤Æ, ŬÀڤʮÅ٤Τâ -¤Î¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -²ÄÊÑ®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê -

- -²ÄÊÑ®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï, /etc/gettytab -¤ÎÃæ¤ÎŬÀڤʡּ«Æ°Â®ÅÙÄ´À°¡×¤Î½é´üÀßÄê¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê -¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, ¤â¤·Á°½Ò¤Î 19.2 Kbps ¤«¤éÀܳ¤ò»î¤ß¤ë²ÄÊÑ®ÅÙ¤ÎÀß -ÄêÎã ( -ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty V19200" dialup on - - -/etc/rc.serial ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï /etc/rc.local -

- -V.32, V.32bis ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï V.34 ¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹â®¥â¥Ç¥à¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¥Ï¡¼ -¥É¥¦¥§¥¢ (RTS/CTS) ¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤ò¹Ô¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD -kernel ¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢ ¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á -¤Î /etc/rc.serial ¤Ë, FreeBSD 1.1 ¤Ç¤Ï /etc/rc.local ¤Ë -µ­½Ò¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 ¤Î /etc/rc.serial ¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ï°Ê²¼ -¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤Ç¤¹. - - -#!/bin/sh -# -# Serial port initial configuration - -stty -f /dev/ttyid1 crtscts -stty -f /dev/cuai01 crtscts - - -¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, /etc/rc.local ¤ËÄɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - -# Set serial ports to use RTS/CTS flow control -stty -f /dev/ttyd0 crtscts -stty -f /dev/ttyd1 crtscts -stty -f /dev/ttyd2 crtscts -stty -f /dev/ttyd3 crtscts - - -FreeBSD 1.1 ¤Ë¤Ï½é´ü²½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, -¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ, ¤½¤Î¸å¤Ï¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò¥¯¥ê¥¢ -¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê¶Ë°­¿Í¤¬¸½¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò´ê¤¦¤·¤«¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÀßÄê -

- -¤â¤·, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤òÉÔ´øȯ¥é¥à¤ËÊݸ¤Ç¤­¤ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ê¤é¤Ð, -PC-DOS ¾å¤Î Telix ¤ä FreeBSD ¾å¤Î - - Àܳ»þ¤Ë Àܳ»þ¤Ë Á÷¿®»þ¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤Ë¤Ï XON/XOFF ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤ò¹Ô¤ï¤Ê¤¤. - - ¼õ¿®»þ¤Î¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤Ï Quiet mode (¥ê¥¶¥ë¥È ¥³¡¼¥É¤òÊÖ¤µ¤Ê¤¤) - - ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É ¥¨¥³¡¼¤òÊÖ¤µ¤Ê¤¤. - - - -¤³¤ì¤é¤ò¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ä¥Ç¥£¥Ã¥× ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï, ¥â -¥Ç¥à¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -°Ê²¼¤Ë, USRobotics Sportster ¤Î 14,400 bps ¤Î³°¤Å¤±¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÀßÄêÎã¤ò¼¨ -¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - -ATZ -AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W - - -¤³¤È¤Î¤Ä¤¤¤Ç¤Ë, ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, V42.bis ¤ä MNP5 ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿°µ½Ì¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤«¤É -¤¦¤«¤Ê¤É¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¾¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ³Îǧ, Ä´À°¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Î¤â¤è¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ -¤»¤ó. - -¤µ¤é¤Ë, USRobotics Sportster ¤Î 14,400 bps ¤Î³°¤Å¤±¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ç¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î -¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ç¥£¥Ã¥× ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤ÎÀßÄê¤âɬÍפǤ¹. ¾¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò¤ª»È¤¤¤ÎÊý¤â, °Ê -²¼¤ÎÎã¤òÀßÄê¤Î»²¹Í¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á1: UP - DTR ɸ½à - - ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á2: ̵»ë (¥ê¥¶¥ë¥È ¥³¡¼¥É¤òñ¸ì·Á¼°¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¿ôÃÍ·Á¼°¤Ë¤¹ -¤ë¤«) - - ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á3: UP - ¥ê¥¶¥ë¥È ¥³¡¼¥É¤òÊÖ¤µ¤Ê¤¤ - - ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á4: DOWN - ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É ¥¨¥³¡¼¤òÊÖ¤µ¤Ê¤¤ - - ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á5: UP - ¼«Æ°Ãå¿® - - ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á6: UP - CD ɸ½à - - ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á7: UP - ÉÔ´øȯ¥é¥à¤«¤é¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤò¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë - - ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á8: ̵»ë (Smart Mode/Dumb Mode) - - - -¥ê¥¶¥ë¥È ¥³¡¼¥É¤òÊÖ¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤«¤Ê¤¤¤È, ¸ÇÄê®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê -

- -¸ÇÄê®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿´Ö¤ÎÄÌ¿®Â®ÅÙ¤ò¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥â¥Ç¥à´Ö -¤ÎÀܳ®Å٤˴ط¸¤Ê¤¯, ¾ï¤Ë°ìÄê¤ËÊݤĤ褦¤Ë, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê -¤Þ¤¹. USRobotics Sportster ¤Î 14,400 bps ³°¤Å¤±¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¾ì¹ç, °Ê²¼¤Î¥³ -¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿´Ö¤Î®ÅÙ¤¬, ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥ÉÁ÷¿®»þ¤Î®Å٤˸ÇÄꤵ -¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - -ATZ -AT&B1&W - - -²ÄÊÑ®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê -

- -²ÄÊÑ®ÅÙ¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î®ÅÙ¤¬, Ã忮®Å٤˱þ¤¸¤ÆÊѲ½¤¹¤ë -¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. USRobotics Sporster ¤Î 14,400 bps ³° -¤Å¤±¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¾ì¹ç, °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç, ¥¨¥é¡¼ÄûÀµµ¡Ç½¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿ÄÌ¿®¤Î¾ì¹ç -¤Ï, ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÁ÷¿®¤·¤¿»þ¤ÎÄÌ¿®Â®Å٤˥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î®ÅÙ¤ò¸ÇÄꤷ, ¥¨ -¥é¡¼ÄûÀµµ¡Ç½¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤Àܳ¤Ç¤Ï, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î®ÅÙ¤¬ÊѲ½¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦ -¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - -ATZ -AT&B2&W - - -¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÀßÄê¤Î³Îǧ -

- -¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¹â®¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ë¤Ï, ¸½ºß¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¤¢¤ëÄøÅٿʹ֤ˤâÍý²ò¤Ç¤­¤ë·Á¼°¤Ë -¤·¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤»¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. USRobotics Sporster ¤Î 14,400 bps -³°¤Å¤±¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥° -

- -°Ê²¼¤Î¼ê½ç¤Ç¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë ¥¢¥Ã¥× ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÆ°ºî¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - FreeBSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÆ°ºî³Îǧ -

- -¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò FreeBSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÀܳ¤·, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥Ö¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥â -¥Ç¥à¤Ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¸¥±¡¼¥¿¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð, - 114 ?? I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0 - 115 ?? I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd1 - - -¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ë¤Þ¤ÀÃå¿®¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾õÂ֤λþ¤Ë, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¾å¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ë½ÐÎϤ¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿ -¾ì¹ç, - 114 d0 I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyd0 - ^^ - - -/etc/ttys ¤ÎÆâÍƤò³Îǧ¤·, ½ñ¼°¤Ê¤É¤Ë¸í¤ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤« -Ä´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, ¥í¥° ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /var/log/messages ¤Ë -/etc/ttys , -/etc/gettytab ¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È, ¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /dev/ttyd? ¤ò³Îǧ¤·, µ­½Ò¤Ë¸í¤ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤«, ­¤ê¤Ê¤¤¥¨ -¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤«, ­¤ê¤Ê¤¤¥Ç¥£¥Ð¥¤¥¹ ¥¹¥Ú¥·¥ã¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿ -ÅÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÇÀܳ¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë -

- -¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÊ̤Υ³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤«¤éÀܳ¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤Î»þ, -8¥Ó¥Ã¥È, ¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ê¤·, 1¥¹¥È¥Ã¥× ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÇÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -Àܳ¸å¤¹¤°¤Ë¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬Ê֤äƤ³¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ä, ̵°ÕÌ£¤Êʸ»úÎó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë -¾ì¹ç¤Ï, 1ÉäË1²ó¤¯¤é¤¤¤Î³ä¹ç¤Ç <Enter> ¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ -¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤·¤Ð¤é¤¯¤¿¤Ã¤Æ, ¤Ê¤ª¤â BREAK ¿®¹æ¤òÁ÷¿®¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤Î»þ, üËö¦¤Ç»È¤Ã¤Æ -¤¤¤ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬¹â®¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¤³¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ÎÀܳ®ÅÙ¤ò¸Ç -Äꤷ¤Æ¤«¤é, ºÆÅÙ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë ¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. (¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, USRobotics -Sportster ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, AT&B1) - -¤½¤ì¤Ç¤â¤Þ¤À /etc/gettytab ¤Î°Ê²¼¤ÎÅÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆºÆÅÙ³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - /etc/ttys ¤ÎÂбþ¤¹¤ë¹Ô¤Î 2ÈÖÌܤιàÌܤÇ, -/etc/gettytab ¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤« - - ³Æ /etc/gettytab ¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î -¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤« - - ³Æ /etc/gettytab ¤ÎÃæ¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î -¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤« - - - -¤â¤·¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë ¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤â, FreeBSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¦¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬±þÅú¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -FreeBSD ¦¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬ ¼Õ¼­ -

- -°Ê²¼¤ÎÊý¡¹¤«¤é, ¿¤¯¤Î¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤ä¥¢¥É¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤³¤Ë¼Õ°Õ -¤òɽ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/diskless.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/diskless.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index d46bfb7..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/diskless.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,164 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -Diskless operation - -

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¸¶ºî: &a.uhclem; -Ìõ: &a.yasu; -10 December 1996. - - - - Direct Memory Access (DMA)¤Ï, Ãæ±û±é»»½èÍýÁõÃÖ (CPU)¤«¤é¤Î´³¾Ä¤Ê¤¯ - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò·×»»µ¡Ãæ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì½ê¤«¤éÊ̤ξì½ê¤ËÆ°¤«¤¹¤¿¤á¤Î¼êË¡¤Ç¤¹. - - DMAµ¡Ç½¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î·×»»µ¡¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã´Ö¤Ç°Û¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç - ¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤ÎµÄÏÀ¤ÏIBM¥Ñ¡¼¥½¥Ê¥ë¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿(PC), - PC/AT¤È¤½¤Î¸ß´¹µ¡¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëDMA¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤ÈƯ¤­¤Ë¸ÂÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - PC¤Î DMA¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï, Intel¤Î 8237 DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ò¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤·¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. 8237¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìÆÈΩ¤Ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤­¤ë4¤Ä¤ÎDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤ò»ý¤Á, - ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤É¤Î¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤â¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ï½ç¤Ë 0, 1, 2, 3¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - PC/AT¤«¤é¤Ï, ¥»¥«¥ó¥É 8237 ¥Á¥Ã¥×¤¬Äɲ䵤ì,¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï 4, 5, 6, 7¤È - ¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é(0, 1, 2, 3)¤Ï, 1²ó¤ÎžÁ÷¤Ç1¥Ð¥¤¥È - žÁ÷¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¥»¥«¥ó¥ÉDMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é(4, 5, 6, 7)¤Ï1²ó¤Ç ÎÙÀܤ¹¤ë2¤Ä¤Î¥á¥â¥êÈÖÃϤ«¤é - 16¥Ó¥Ã¥ÈžÁ÷¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤³¤Ç, ºÇ½é¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ÏÄ̾ï¶ö¿ô¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - 2¤Ä¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ÏÁ´¤¯Æ±¤¸¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê, žÁ÷Î̤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ï - ¥»¥«¥ó¥É¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ëľ·ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹. - - 8237 ¤Ï¸Ä¡¹¤Î¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ, DRQ¤È-DACK¤È¤¤¤¦2¤Ä¤ÎÅŵ¤¿®¹æ¤ò - »ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¾¤Ë, HRQ (Hold Request), HLDA (Hold Acknowledge), - -EOP (End of Process)¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¥Ð¥¹À©¸æ¿®¹æ¤È¤·¤Æ -MEMR (Memory Read), - -MEMW (Memory Write), -IOR (I/O Read), and -IOW (I/O Write)¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - 8237 DMAC¤Ï, ¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë``fly-by'' DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î°ÜÆ°¤ò¹Ô¤¦ºÝ¤Ë, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ï DMAC¥Á¥Ã¥×¤òÄ̲᤻¤º, - DMAC¥Á¥Ã¥×¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Þ¤¿, DMAC¤ÏI/O¥Ý¡¼¥È¤È¥á¥â¥ê¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹´Ö¤Ç¤Î¤ß¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò - žÁ÷¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, 2¤Ä¤ÎI/O¥Ý¡¼¥È¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï2¤Ä¤Î¥á¥â¥ê¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ - ´Ö¤Ç¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - Ãí: 8237¤Ï, Èó``fly-by''¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï, ¸ß¤¤¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿ - 2¤Ä¤Î¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ç¤Î¥á¥â¥ê-¥á¥â¥ê´Ö¤Ç¤ÎDMAÁàºî¤òµö²Ä¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤·¤«¤·, PC¥á¡¼¥«¤Ï, ¤¿¤À¤Ç¤µ¤¨Ë³¤·¤¤¤³¤Î¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò¤³¤ó¤Ê¤Õ¤¦¤Ë - »È¤Ã¤¿¤ê¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ - ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é, CPU¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¥á¥â¥ê´Ö¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÆ°¤«¤¹Êý¤¬Áᤤ¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - - - PC¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤Ç¤Ï, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ï, Ä̾綠¤ÎDMA¤ò - »ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬¤½¤Î¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆDRQ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ - žÁ÷¤òÍ׵ᤷ¤¿»þ¤Î¤ßÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - DMAžÁ÷¤ÎÎã - -

¤³¤ì¤ÏDMAžÁ÷¤Î¼ê½ç¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é (FDC)¤¬ - ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥±¥Ã¥È¤«¤é1¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÆɤ߹þ¤ó¤Ç, DMA¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ,¥á¥â¥ê¤Î0x00123456ÈÖÃÏ¤Ë - ³ÊǼ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ½èÍý¤Ï, FDC¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, DRQ2¿®¹æ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ - DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ËÍ×µá¤òÅÁ¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç³«»Ï¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ÏDRQ2¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤òµ­Ï¿¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤¹¤ë¤ÈDMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ÏDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë2¤¬¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤µ¤ì, Í­¸ú¤Ë - ¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ï¤Þ¤¿, ¾¤ÎDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤¬¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤«, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï - ¤è¤ê¹â¤¤Í¥ÀèÅÙ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - °ìö¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¬´°Î»¤¹¤ë¤È, DMAC¤ÏDMAC¤¬¥Ð¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë - ¥Ð¥¹¤ò³«Êü¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËCPU¤ËÍ׵ᤷ¤Þ¤¹. - DMAC¤ÏCPU¤ËHRQ¿®¹æ¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ¥Ð¥¹¤òÍ׵ᤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - CPU¤ÏHRQ¿®¹æ¤ò¸¡½Ð¤·, ¸½ºß¤Î»Ø¼¨¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤ò´°Î»¤·¤Þ¤¹. - °ìö¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤¬¥Ð¥¹¤ò³«Êü¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¾õÂ֤ˤʤë¤È, ²òÊü¤ò - ¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - Ä̾ï¤Ï CPU ¤Ë¤è¤ê¶îÆ°¤µ¤ì¤ë¿®¹æ (-MEMR, -MEMW, -IOR, -IOW, ¤½¤Î¾)¤ò - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¥Ï¥¤¥¤¥ó¥Ô¡¼¥À¥ó¥¹ (¥Ï¥¤¤È¤â¥í¡¼¤È¤â»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤)¾õÂ֤ˤ·¤¿¸å, - CPU¤Ï HLDA¿®¹æ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ë¥Ð¥¹¤òÌÀ¤±ÅϤ·¤¿¤³¤È¤ò - ÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï, CPU¤Ï¥Ð¥¹¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î - Ì¿Îá¤òÄɲ䷤Ƽ¹Ԥ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - ¤·¤«¤·,¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤ÎÆâÉô¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤ä¥Ñ¥¤¥×¥é¥¤¥ó°Ê³°¤Î¥á¥â¥ê¤«¤é - ²¿¤«Æɤ߽Ф¹¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿»Ø¼¨¤ËÅþ㤷¤¿¤é·ë¶ÉCPU¤ÏÂÔ¤¿¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¤³¤³¤Ç,DMAC¤¬ ¥Ð¥¹¤ò¡ÖÂ÷¤µ¤ì¤ë¡×¤È, - DMAC¤Ï¤½¤Î -MEMR, -MEMW, -IOR, -IOW ½ÐÎÏ¿®¹æ¤ò¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤·, - DMAC¤«¤é½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï 0x3456¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹.¤³¤ì¤Ï - žÁ÷¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ëÆÃÄê¤Î¥á¥â¥êÈÖÃϤò¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ç»Ø¼¨¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤¹¤ë¤ÈDMAC¤ÏDMAžÁ÷¤ò¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤·¤¿¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ËžÁ÷¤¬»Ï¤Þ¤ë¤³¤È¤ò - ÃΤ餻¤Þ¤¹.¤³¤ì¤Ï -DACK¿®¹æ¤ò¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -DACK2¤ò - ¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Ð¥¹¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿Àþ¤ËžÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ë¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï - ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤¬ÀÕǤ¤ò¤â¤Ä¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤â¤·,¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤¬¥Ð¥¹¾å¤Ë¥Ð¥¤¥È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò - ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë;·×¤Ê»þ´Ö¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð - (¤â¤·¼þÊÕÁõÃÖ¤¬¤â¤Ã¤È»þ´Ö¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, READY¿®¹æ¤ò - ·Ðͳ¤·¤ÆDMAC¤ËÄÌÃΤ·¤Þ¤¹), DMA¤Ï 1 DMA¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯ÂÔ¤Á, - ¥á¥â¥ê¤Ë¥Ð¥¹¾å¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò³ÊǼ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë - -MEMW ¤ª¤è¤Ó -IOR ¿®¹æ¤ò²ò½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ - FDC¤Ï¥Ð¥¤¥È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬Å¾Á÷¤µ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤òǧ¼±¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - DMA¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ë¤Ï1ÅÙ¤Ë1¥Ð¥¤¥È¤·¤«Å¾Á÷¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, - FDC¤ÏDRQ2¿®¹æ¤ò»ß¤á¤Æ, DMAC¤ËžÁ÷¤Î½ªÎ»¤òÃΤ餻¤Þ¤¹. - DMAC¤Ï-DACK2¿®¹æ¤ò²ò½ü¤·¤Æ, FDC¤Ï¥Ð¥¹¾å¤Ø¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿½ÐÎϤò - Ää»ß¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤òÃΤ餻¤Þ¤¹. - - ¼¡¤ËDMAC¤Ï¾¤ÎDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤ËÍ׵᤬¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤« - ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·¤É¤Î¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤ÎDRQ¤âÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, - DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ï½èÍý¤ò´°Î»¤·¤Æ, -MEMR, -MEMW, -IOR, -IOW ¤ª¤è¤Ó - ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¿®¹æ¤ò¥Ï¥¤¥¤¥ó¥Ô¡¼¥À¥ó¥¹¾õÂ֤ˤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - ºÇ¸å¤Ë, DMA¤ÏHRQ¿®¹æ¤ò²ò½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. CPU¤Ï¤³¤ì¤ò¸«¤ë¤È,HOLDA¿®¹æ¤ò - ²ò½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤ÆCPU¤Ï¼«¤é¤Î -MEMR, -MEMW, -IOR, -IOW ¿®¹æ¤ª¤è¤Ó - ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹Àþ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·, Ì¿Îá¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤ä¥á¥¤¥ó¥á¥â¥ê¤ä¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤ò - ºÆ³«¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ŵ·¿Åª¤Ê¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î1¥»¥¯¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¾åµ­¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬ - ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ1²ó¹Ô¤ï¤ì, Á´Éô¤Ç512²ó·«¤êÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - 1¥Ð¥¤¥ÈžÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤ëËè¤Ë,DMACÆâ¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ê¥á¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì, - ²¿¥Ð¥¤¥ÈžÁ÷¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤«¤ò¼¨¤¹¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¤¬¥Ç¥¯¥ê¥á¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¤¬0¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È, DMA¤Ï¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¤¬0¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹EOP¿®¹æ¤ò - Á÷¤ê, DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤¬CPU¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆºÆ¤Ó¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Þ¤Ç - ¤³¤ì°Ê¾å¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÏžÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤Î¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤Ï¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥«¥¦¥ó¥È(TC)¤È¤â¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - EOP¿®¹æ¤Ï1Ëܤ·¤«¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¤É¤ó¤Ê»þ¤â¤¿¤À1¤Ä¤ÎDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë - ¤Î¤ß¤ò¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤â¤·, ¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ÎžÁ÷¤¬´°Î»¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤«¤é³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤òȯÀ¸¤µ¤»¤¿¤¤ - ¤È¤­, ¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤Ï -DACK¿®¹æ¤ª¤è¤ÓEOP¿®¹æ¤ÎξÊý¤¬Æ±»þ¤Ëȯ¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿¤« - ¤É¤¦¤«¤ò¥Æ¥¹¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¬À¸¤¸¤ë¤È, DMAC¤ÏCPU¤Î²ðºß¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð - ¤³¤ì°Ê¾å¤Ï¤½¤Î¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤òžÁ÷¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤¹¤ë¤È¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤ÎÃí°Õ¤òÆÀ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¿®¹æ¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î1¤Ä¤ò - ȯ¿®¤·¤Þ¤¹. DMA¥Á¥Ã¥×¼«¿È¤Ï³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤òÀ¸¤¸¤µ¤»¤ëǽÎϤϻý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤È¤½¤ì¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ëÀÕǤ¤ò - »ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹. - - DMAC¤¬Í×µá¤ò½Ð¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¤ÏCPU¤Ï¾ï¤Ë¥Ð¥¹¤òDMAC¤Ë³«Êü¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - ¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï, DMAC¤¬¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿»þ¤Ë¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤¬Ì¿Îá¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë - ¤«¤«¤ë»þ´Ö¤¬¤ï¤º¤«¤ËÊѲ½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó, - ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎξÊý¤«¤é¤Ï¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò - Íý²ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÅÍפǤ¹. - ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á, ¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤¬³Î¤«¤ËDMAžÁ÷¤¬´°Î»¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤òÃΤ뤿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, - ¼þÊÕÁõÃÖ¤äDMA¥Á¥Ã¥×Ãæ¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤òÄ´¤Ù¤¿¤ê,¼þÊÕÁõÃÖ¤«¤é¤Î³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤ò - ¼õ¤±¼è¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -DMA ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿ ¤ª¤è¤Ó 16¥á¥¬ ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´ÖÀ©¸Â - -

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PCÆâ¤Ç¤ÏDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë4¤¬¤Þ¤µ¤Ë¤³¤ÎÍÑÅӤ˻Ȥï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤¬DMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë0, 1, 2, 3¤Ç¥Ð¥¹¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¤È, - ¥¹¥ì¡¼¥ÖDMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ï HLDREQ ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - ¤³¤ÎÀþ¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥êDMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ÎDRQ4¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥ê¤ÎDMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ï¤½¤Î¸å HLDREQ ¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆCPU¤Ë¥Ð¥¹¤ò - Í׵ᤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ð¥¹¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤È, -DACK4¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ê, - ¤³¤ÎÀþ¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¥¹¥ì¡¼¥ÖDMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Î HLDA¿®¹æ¤Ë - Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¥¹¥ì¡¼¥ÖDMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ï¤½¤Î¸åÍ׵ᤷ¤¿DMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òžÁ÷¤¹¤ë¤«, SCSI¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê - ¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥ê¥ó¥°¤òÍ׵᤹¤ë¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤Ë¥Ð¥¹¤òµö²Ä¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÇÛÀþ¤¬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á, PC/AT¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï - DMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ï - 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7¤Î¤ß¤¬»ÈÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹. - - Ãí: - ½é´ü¤ÎIBM PC¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ç¤Ï, DMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë0¤ÏÁàºî¤Î - ¥ê¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥·¥å¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËͽÌ󤵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - ºÇ¶á¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤ÏÄ̾ï, ¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤¬¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥ê¥ó¥°¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ï, - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Ð¥¹¤òÊÝ»ý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë´ÖÀ䤨¤º¥á¥â¥ê¤Ë¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¥á¥â¥ê¤«¤é - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òžÁ÷¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÅÍפǤ¹.¤â¤·, ¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤¬¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë - ¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ï, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¥á¥¤¥ó¥á¥â¥ê¤Î¥ê¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥·¥å¤ò - ¹Ô¤Ê¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð¥Ð¥¹¤ò³«Êü¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - Á´¤Æ¤ÎPC¤Ç¥á¥¤¥ó¥á¥â¥ê¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥À¥¤¥Ê¥ß¥Ã¥¯RAM¤Ï, - Ãæ¿È¤¬¡ÖËþ¤¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤òÊÝ»ý¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á - ÉÑÈˤ˥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¥À¥¤¥Ê¥ß¥Ã¥¯RAM¤Ï, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤¬1¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òµ­²±¤¹¤ë¥³¥ó¥Ç¥ó¥µ¤¬ - ¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó½¸¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ç¥ó¥µ¤Ï½¼ÅŤµ¤ì¤¿ - ¾õÂÖ¤Ç"1", ½¼ÅŤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾õÂÖ¤Ç"0"¤òɽ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - Á´¤Æ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ç¥ó¥µ¤ÏÊüÅŤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á, "1"¤ÎÃͤòÊÝ»ý¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, - °ìÄê¤Î´Ö³Ö¤ÇÅÅÎϤò²Ã¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¼ÂºÝ¤ËRAM¥Á¥Ã¥×¤ÏRAM¤ÎŬÀڤʾì½ê¤ËÅÅÎϤòÁ÷¤ëºî¶È¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - ¥á¥â¥ê¤Î¥ê¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥·¥åºî¶È¤¬RAM¤òÉáÄ̤˥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë»þ¤È - ¾×Æͤ·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¤½¤ì¤ò¤¤¤Ä¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤«¤ò - ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤¬µÙ»ß¾õÂ֤λþ¤ËÃΤ餻¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤â¤·¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤¬¥á¥â¥ê¤Î¥ê¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥·¥å¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¨¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¥á¥â¥ê¤ÎÃæ¿È¤Ï¤ï¤º¤«¿ô¥ß¥êÉäDzõ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - ¥á¥â¥ê¤ÎÆɤ߹þ¤ß¤È½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤Î¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ë¤Ï¥ê¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥·¥å¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ë¤È¤·¤Æ - ¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë(¥À¥¤¥Ê¥ß¥Ã¥¯RAM¤Î¥ê¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥·¥å¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ë¤Ï - ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤ÏÉÔ´°Á´¤Ê¥á¥â¥êÆɤ߹þ¤ß¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ë¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹)¤Î¤Ç, - ¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤¬Ï¢Â³¤¹¤ë¥á¥â¥êÈÖÃϤ«¤é¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎÆɤ߹þ¤ß - ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤ò¹Ô¤¦´Ö¤Ï, ¥á¥â¥ê¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤¬¥ê¥Õ¥ì¥Ã¥·¥å¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥ê¥ó¥°¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎSCSI¥Û¥¹¥È¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î - ¥Ï¥¤¥Ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥ó¥¹¤Ê¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ë¸«¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¼«Æ°½é´ü²½Å¾Á÷¥â¡¼¥É - ¤³¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆDMA¤Ï¥Ð¥¤¥È, ¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯, ¥Ç¥Þ¥ó¥ÉžÁ÷¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - DMAžÁ÷¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¤¬0¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È, ¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¤È¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÏDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤¬ - ¤â¤È¤â¤È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤µ¤ì¤¿»þ¤Î¤â¤Î¤ËÌᤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤¬Å¾Á÷¤òÍ׵ᤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë´Ö¤ÏžÁ÷¤¬Â³¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò - °ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹. - žÁ÷Îΰè¤È¤·¤ÆDMAC¤Ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤µ¤ì¤¿¸ÇÄê¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ÎÃæ¤Ç, - ½ÐÎÏÁàºî¤ÇDMAC¤¬¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÆɤ߽Ф¹Á°¤â¤Ã¤Æ¿·¤·¤¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò - ½ñ¤­¹þ¤ó¤À¤êÆþÎÏÁàºî¤ÇDMAC¤¬½ñ¤­¹þ¤ó¤À¤¢¤È¤Ë, - ¤½¤³¤«¤é¿·¤·¤¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÆɤ߽Ф¹ºî¶È¤ÏCPU¤¬¼õ¤±»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤Î¥Æ¥¯¥Ë¥Ã¥¯¤Ï, ¥µ¥ó¥×¥ê¥ó¥°ÍѤΥХåե¡¤¬¾®¤µ¤¤¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï - ¤½¤ì¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¥ª¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ª¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤è¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¡Ö´Ä¾õ¡×¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤Î´ÉÍý¤Ï¹¹¤Ê¤ëCPU¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - DMA¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¤¬0¤Ë¤Ê¤ê, ºÆ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Þ¤ÇDMA¤¬Ää»ß¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦ - ¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æµ¯¤­¤ëÃÙ±ä¤Ï, ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¤·¤«¤Ê¤¯¤¹»ö¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤ - ¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - DMA¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥° - -

¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤µ¤ì¤ëDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ï, Ä̾ï, ÀßÄê¤ò¹Ô¤¦Á°¤Ë - ¡Ö¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤¹¤ë¡×¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬Í½´ü¤»¤ºDRQ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È, ¤¿¤È¤¨Á´¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤¬ - Ëþ¤¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ä¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â, DMAC¤Ï - ¤½¤ì¤Ë±þÅú¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤«¤é,¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÏžÁ÷¤ÎÊý¸þ(¥á¥â¥ê¤«¤éI/O, - ¤â¤·¤¯¤ÏI/O¤«¤é¥á¥â¥ê)¤È, žÁ÷¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëDMAÁàºî¤Î¥â¡¼¥É - (¥·¥ó¥°¥ë, ¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯, ¥Ç¥Þ¥ó¥É, ¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¤Ê¤É)¤òÀßÄꤷ, ºÇ¸å¤Ë - ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤äžÁ÷¤ÎŤµ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ëŤµ¤ÏDMAC¤ËžÁ÷¤µ¤»¤¿¤¤Î̤è¤ê¤â1¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤äžÁ÷ŤÎLSB¤ÈMSB¤ÏƱ¤¸8¥Ó¥Ã¥ÈI/O¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤Î¤¿¤áDMAC¤¬ºÇ½é¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥È¤òLSB¤È¤·¤Æ, 2ÈÖÌܤΥХ¤¥È¤òMSB¤È¤·¤Æ - ¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤³¤È¤òÊݾڤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ºÇ½é¤ËÊ̤Υݡ¼¥È¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ - LSB¤ÈMSB¤ÎȽÊ̤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¥Õ¥ê¥Ã¥×¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥×¤ò¥¯¥ê¥¢¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤½¤·¤Æ,DMA¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤ò¹¹¿·¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ÏDMAC¤Î³°Éô¤Ë¤¢¤ê - I/O¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ÎÊ̤Υ»¥Ã¥È¤òÄ̤·¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÀßÄ꤬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È, DMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤ò²ò½ü¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤ÎDMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤Ï¡Ö½àÈ÷¤¬¤Ç¤­¤¿¡×¤È¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì, DRQ¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È - ±þÅú¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - 8237¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¤ÎÀµ³Î¤Ê¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, - ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - PC¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëI/O¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â»²¾È¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤³¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤ÏDMA¤ª¤è¤Ó¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬¤É¤³¤Ë°ÌÃÖ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¤ò - ½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. °Ê²¼¤Ë´°Á´¤Êɽ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - DMA¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥× - -

IBM-PC¤ÈPC/AT¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, Ʊ¤¸I/O¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ËÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿ - DMA¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î´°Á´¤Ê¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò°Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - DMA¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é2¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤¿¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï, AT°Ê³°¤Î¥Ç¥¶¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤Ï - ̤ÄêµÁ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -0x00 - 0x1f DMA ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é #1 (Channels 0, 1, 2 and 3) - -

DMA ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ ¤ª¤è¤Ó ¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿ - - -0x00 write Channel 0 starting address -0x00 read Channel 0 current address -0x02 write Channel 0 starting word count -0x02 read Channel 0 remaining word count - -0x04 write Channel 1 starting address -0x04 read Channel 1 current address -0x06 write Channel 1 starting word count -0x06 read Channel 1 remaining word count - -0x08 write Channel 2 starting address -0x08 read Channel 2 current address -0x0a write Channel 2 starting word count -0x0a read Channel 2 remaining word count - -0x0c write Channel 3 starting address -0x0c read Channel 3 current address -0x0e write Channel 3 starting word count -0x0e read Channel 3 remaining word count - - -DMA ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿ - - -0x10 write Command Register -0x10 read Status Register -0x12 write Request Register -0x12 read - -0x14 write Single Mask Register Bit -0x14 read - -0x16 write Mode Register -0x16 read - -0x18 write Clear LSB/MSB Flip-Flop -0x18 read - -0x1a write Master Clear/Reset -0x1a read Temporary Register -0x1c write Clear Mask Register -0x1c read - -0x1e write Write All Mask Register Bits -0x1e read - - - -0xc0 - 0xdf DMA ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é #2 (Channels 4, 5, 6 and 7) - -

DMA ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ ¤ª¤è¤Ó ¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿ - - -0xc0 write Channel 4 starting address -0xc0 read Channel 4 current address -0xc2 write Channel 4 starting word count -0xc2 read Channel 4 remaining word count - -0xc4 write Channel 5 starting address -0xc4 read Channel 5 current address -0xc6 write Channel 5 starting word count -0xc6 read Channel 5 remaining word count - -0xc8 write Channel 6 starting address -0xc8 read Channel 6 current address -0xca write Channel 6 starting word count -0xca read Channel 6 remaining word count - -0xcc write Channel 7 starting address -0xcc read Channel 7 current address -0xce write Channel 7 starting word count -0xce read Channel 7 remaining word count - - -DMA ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿ - - -0xd0 write Command Register -0xd0 read Status Register -0xd2 write Request Register -0xd2 read - -0xd4 write Single Mask Register Bit -0xd4 read - -0xd6 write Mode Register -0xd6 read - -0xd8 write Clear LSB/MSB Flip-Flop -0xd8 read - -0xda write Master Clear/Reset -0xda read Temporary Register -0xdc write Clear Mask Register -0xdc read - -0xde write Write All Mask Register Bits -0xde read - - - -0x80 - 0x9f DMA ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿ - -

-0x87 r/w DMA Channel 0 -0x83 r/w DMA Channel 1 -0x81 r/w DMA Channel 2 -0x82 r/w DMA Channel 3 - -0x8b r/w DMA Channel 5 -0x89 r/w DMA Channel 6 -0x8a r/w DMA Channel 7 - -0x8f Refresh - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/eresources.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/eresources.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 733d338..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/eresources.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,454 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¾å¤Î¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹ - -

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Á°¤Ë¤â½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¤³¤ì¤Ï¤¿¤À¤Î ¥¬¥¤¥É¥é¥¤¥ó ¤Ë¤¹¤®¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥¢¥¦¥©¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤«¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¼«¿È¤¬ -·è¤á¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥¢¥É¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤¿¤Ë¤â´Ø¤ï¤é¤º, 狼¤¬¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë -¿¯Æþ¤·¤Æ¤­¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â, »ä¤Ï¡Ö¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¡×ÀÕǤ¤â¤È¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/glossary.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/glossary.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 8a0d476..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/glossary.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ - - - - -* Glossary - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/goals.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/goals.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 3205098..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/goals.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ - - - - -FreeBSD¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÌÜŪ - -

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Ìõ: &a.kiroh;24 September 1996. -

-FreeBSD¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Ï¡¢¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ëÍÑÅӤˤâ»ÈÍѤǤ­¡¢²¿¤éÀ©¸Â¤Î¤Ê¤¤ -¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¶¡µë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¿¤¯¤Ï¡¢¥³¡¼¥É(¤½¤·¤Æ¥×¥í¥¸¥§ -¥¯¥È)¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤«¤Ê¤ê¤ÎÅê»ñ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤«¤é¤â¿¾¯¤Î̵Â̤Ϥ¢¤Ã¤Æ -¤âÅê»ñ¤ò³¤±¤Æ¹Ô¤¯¤Ä¤â¤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£¤¿¤À¡¢Â¾¤Î¿Íã¤Ë¤âƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤ÊÉéô¤ò¤¹¤ë¤è -¤¦¤Ë¼çÄ¥¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£FreeBSD ¤Ë¶½Ì£¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë°ì¿Í¤Î»Ä -¤é¤ºÁ´¤Æ¤Î¿Í¡¹¤Ë¡¢ÌÜŪ¤ò¸ÂÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¥³¡¼¥É¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡£¤³¤ì¤¬¡¢»ä¤¿ -¤Á¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¤½¤·¤ÆºÇÂç¤Î``Ǥ̳''¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¿®¤¸¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥³¡¼¥É -¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ê¸Â¤ê¹­¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¡¢ºÇÂç¤Î²¸·Ã¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤³¤ì -¤¬¡¢»ä¤¿¤Á¤¬Ç®Îõ¤Ë»Ù»ý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥ê¡¼¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ÎºÇ¤â´ðËÜŪ¤ÊÌÜŪ¤Ç¤¢ -¤ë¤È¡¢»ä¤Ï¿®¤¸¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ - -

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-(ÌõÃí1) GPL ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤«¡¢¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¡¢´õ˾¤·¤µ -¤¨¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤½¤ì¤òÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¡×¤òµá¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/handbook.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/handbook.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 4904849..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/handbook.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,195 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - -%authors; - - - -%jmembers; - - - -%lists; - - - -%sections; - - - - -]> - - - - - FreeBSD ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯ - - FreeBSD ¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È - - 1997ǯ5·î - -FreeBSD ¤Ø¤è¤¦¤³¤½! ¤³¤Î¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤ÏFreeBSD Release -&rel.current;¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ª¤è¤Ó, Æü¾ï¤Ç¤Î»È¤¤Êý¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æµ­½Ò¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç, -FreeBSD ¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊÔ½¸¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -ÆüËܸìÈǤκîÀ®¤Ï FreeBSD ÆüËܸì¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤¬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ -¤¤¤Þ¤¹. Ëܽñ¤Ï¸½ºß¿Ê¹ÔÃæ¤Îºî¶È¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ, ¿¤¯¤Î¸Ä¿Í¤Î¼ê¤«¤é¤Ê¤ë -»Å»ö¤Ç¤¹. ¿¤¯¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¤Þ¤À¸ºß¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¤·, ¤¤¤Þ¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î -¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Ï¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. ¤³¤Î FreeBSD ¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó -¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ë¶¨ÎϤ·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤¿¤é, &a.doc; ¤Þ¤Ç (±Ñ¸ì¤Ç) ÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤ò -Á÷¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëµÄÏÀ¤Ï, ¤³¤Á¤é¤Ç -¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. (¤â¤Á¤í¤ó±Ñ¸ì¤Ç¤Ç¤¹.) -ÆüËܸìÌõ¤ª¤è¤Ó, ÆüËܸìÈǤΤߤ˴ؤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï &a.doc-jp; ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆÆüËܸì¤Ç -µÄÏÀ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤ÆÆüËܸì¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤«¤é -Ëܲȥɥ­¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥É¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, -±Ñ¸ì¤¬ÆÀ°Õ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤Êý¤Ï &a.doc-jp; ¤Þ¤ÇÆüËܸì¤Ç¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤ò¤ª´ó¤»¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤ÎºÇ¿·¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï, ¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â -¤ä - -¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤·, - -¤ä, ¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¥×¥ì¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È, -postscript, HTML ¤Ê¤É¤Î·Á¼°¤Ç¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -¤Þ¤¿, ¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - - - - - - - ƳÆþ - - ¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Ë -

FreeBSD ¤Ï, Intel ¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã (x86) ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î PC ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î -4.4BSD-Lite ¤ò¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤È¤·¤¿¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. -FreeBSD ¤Î³µÍפˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ï, -¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÎò»Ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, -¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ºÇ¿·¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ï, -¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ø¤Î²¿¤é¤«¤Î¹×¸¥ (¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É, µ¡´ï, »ñ¶â¤ÎÄ󶡤ʤÉ) -¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¶½Ì£¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð, -¤Î¾Ï¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - &nutshell; - &history; - &goals; - &development; - &relnotes; - - &install; - &basics; - - &ports; - - - - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý - - &kernelconfig; - ¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£ - &crypt; - &skey; - &kerberos; - &firewalls; - - &printing; - - "as; - X ¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à -

¤³¤ÎÀá¤Î´°À®¤ÏÊÝα¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤«¤éÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤ë¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤ò»²¹Í¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - &hw; - - ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë²½ - &russian; - - - - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÄÌ¿® - - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÄÌ¿® - &serial; - &term; - &dialup; - &dialout; - - PPP ¤È SLIP - -

¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ËÀܳ¤·¤¿¤ê, -¾¤Î¿Í¡¹¤Ë FreeBSD ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤Î¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×Àܳ¤ò -Ä󶡤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤¿¤é, PPP ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï SLIP Àܳ¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -PPP Àܳ¤Ë¤Ï, 2 ¼ïÎà¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹: -¥æ¡¼¥¶PPP (iijppp ¤È¤â¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹) ¤È¥«¡¼¥Í¥ëPPP ¤Ç¤¹. -ξÊý¤Î PPP ¤ÎÀßÄê¼ê½ç¤È, SLIP ¤ÎÀßÄêÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¾Ï¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - &userppp; - &ppp; - &slipc; - &slips; - - ¹âÅ٤ʥͥåȥ¥¯ - &routing; - &nfs; - &diskless; - &isdn; - - &mail; - - - - ¤µ¤é¤Ë¿Ê¤ó¤ÀÏÃÂê - ³«È¯¤ÎºÇÁ°Àþ: FreeBSD-current ¤È FreeBSD-stable -

¤¢¤ë¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤«¤é¼¡¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Þ¤Ç¤Î´ü´Ö¤Ë¤â, FreeBSD ¤Î³«È¯¤Ï - µÙ¤ß¤Ê¤¯Â³¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î³«È¯¤ÎºÇÁ°Àþ¤Ë¶½Ì£¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë, - ¼ê¸µ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òºÇ¿·¤Î³«È¯¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ËƱ´ü¤µ¤»¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤¿¤á¤Î, - ¤È¤Æ¤â»È¤¤¤ä¤¹¤¤»Å³Ý¤±¤¬²¿¼ïÎà¤âÍÑ°Õ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - Ãí°Õ: ³«È¯¤ÎºÇÁ°Àþ¤Ï, ï¤Ç¤â¤¬°·¤¨¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦À­¼Á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó! - ¤â¤·¤â¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬, ³«È¯ÅÓÃæ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òÄɤ¤¤«¤±¤è¤¦¤«, ¤½¤ì¤È¤â¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹ - ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¤É¤ì¤«¤ò»È¤¤Â³¤±¤è¤¦¤«¤È̤äƤ¤¤ë¤Î¤Ê¤é, - ¤­¤Ã¤È¤³¤Î¾Ï¤¬»²¹Í¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦.

- - ¤t; - &stable; - &synching; - - - &submitters; - &policies; - &kernelopts; - &kerneldebug; - &linuxemu; - FreeBSD ¤ÎÆâÉô - &booting; - &memoryuse; - &dma; - - - - - ÉÕÏ¿ - - &mirrors; - &bibliography; - &eresources; - &contrib; - &pgpkeys; - &jcontrib; - - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/history.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/history.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index be71a07..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/history.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,114 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -FreeBSD ¾®»Ë - -

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Ìõ: &a.masaki;, &a.hino;.19 December 1996. - -FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ï 1993ǯ¤Î»Ï¤á¤Ë ``Unofficial 386BSD Patchkit'' -¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Î 3¿Í¤Î¤Þ¤È¤áÌò¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ÉôʬŪ¤Ë patchkit ¤«¤éÇÉÀ¸¤¹¤ë·Á¤Ç³«»Ï -¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Î 3¿Í¤Î¤Þ¤È¤áÌò¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï, Nate Williams ¤È, Rod -Grimes ¤È, »ä (Jordan K. Hubbard) ¤Ç¤¹. - -»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¤â¤È¤â¤È¤ÎÌÜɸ¤Ï, patchkit ¤È¤¤¤¦»ÅÁȤߤǤϤ⤦½½Ê¬¤Ë²ò -·è¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿ 386BSD ¤Î¿ô¿¤¯¤ÎÌäÂê¤ò½¤Àµ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î, 386BSD -¤Î»ÃÄêŪ¤Ê¥¹¥Ê¥Ã¥×¥·¥ç¥Ã¥È¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤·¤¿. ¤³¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿·Ð°Þ¤ò·Ð¤Æ¤¤ -¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î½é´ü¤Îº¢¤Î̾Á°¤¬ ``386BSD 0.5'' ¤ä ``386BSD -»ÃÄêÈÇ (Interim)'' ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò³Ð¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤â¤¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -386BSD ¤Ï, Bill Jolitz ¤¬ (ÌõÃí: ¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤ Net/2 ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò´ð¤Ë) ºîÀ®¤· -¤¿¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. Åö»þ¤Î 386BSD ¤Ï, ¤Û¤Ü°ìǯ¤Ë¤ï¤¿¤Ã¤ÆÊü¤Ã -¤Æ¤ª¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿ (ÌõÃí: ºî¼Ô¤¬¥Ð¥°¤ÎÊó¹ð¤ò¼õ¤±¤Æ¤â²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿) ¤È¤¤¤¦ -¤Ò¤É¤¤¾õ¶·¤Ë¶ì¤·¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. ºî¼Ô¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤ËÌäÂê¤ò½¤Àµ¤·Â³¤±¤Æ¤¤¤¿ -patchkit ¤ÏÆü¤òÄɤ¦¤´¤È¤ËÉÔ²÷¤Ê¤Þ¤Ç¤ËËÄÄ¥¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤Î¤è -¤¦¤Ê¾õ¶·¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, ¤³¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤, ²¿¤«¹ÔÆ°¤òµ¯¤³¤µ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, ¤È¤¤ -¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç°ÛµÄ¤ò¾§¤¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¤Ê¤«¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. ¤½¤·¤Æ»ä¤¿¤Á -¤ÏÄ©À魯¤ë¤³¤È¤ò·èÃǤ·, »ÃÄêŪ¤Ê¡Ö¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¥¢¥Ã¥×¡×¥¹¥Ê¥Ã¥×¥·¥ç¥Ã¥È¤òºî -À®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç Bill ¤ò¼ê½õ¤±¤·¤è¤¦¤È·è¤á¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, ¤³¤Î·×²è¤ÏÅâÆÍ -¤Ë½ªÎ»¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. Bill Jolitz ¤¬, ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¼õ¤± -Æþ¤ì»Ù»ý¤ò¼è¤ê²¼¤²¤ë¤³¤È¤òÆÍÁ³·è°Õ¤·, ¤Ê¤ª¤«¤Ä¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê -¤Ë²¿¤ò¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¤ò°ìÀÚ¸ÀÌÀ¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - -¤¿¤È¤¨ Bill ¤¬»Ù»ý¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤·¤Æ¤â, ¤ï¤ì¤ï¤ì¤ÎÌÜɸ¤Ë¤Ï°ÍÁ³¤È¤·¤Æ¤ä -¤ë²ÁÃͤ¬¤¢¤ë¤È·è¿´¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¤µ¤·¤¿¤ë»þ´Ö¤Ï¤«¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. ¤½¤³¤Ç -David Greenman ¤¬¹Í°Æ¤·¤¿Ì¾¾Î ``FreeBSD'' ¤ò»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î̾Á° -¤ËºÎÍѤ·, ¿·¤¿¤Ê¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¤òÀÚ¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Î¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î½é´üÌÜ -ɸ¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¤³¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à (ÌõÃí: 386BSD + Patchkit) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿ÍøÍÑ¼Ô -¤¿¤Á¤ÈÁêÃ̤·¤Æ·è¤á¤é¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤¬¼Â¸½¤Ë¸þ¤±¤Æµ°Æ»¤Ë¾è¤Ã¤Æ¤­ -¤¿¤³¤È¤¬ÌÀ³Î¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿»þÅÀ¤Ç, »ä¤Ï Walnut Creek CDROM ¼Ò¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤· -¤¿. CDROM ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ FreeBSD ¤òÇÛÉÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ËÍÆ -°×¤ËÀܳ¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤Â¿¤¯¤Î¿Í¡¹¤¬ FreeBSD ¤ò´Êñ¤ËÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¹Í -¤¨¤¿¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. Walnut Creek CDROM ¼Ò¤Ï FreeBSD ¤ò CD ¤ÇÇÛÉÛ¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¥¢ -¥¤¥Ç¥¢¤òºÎÍѤ·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤¿¤Ð¤«¤ê¤«, ºî¶È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤È¹â®¤Ê¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã -¥È²óÀþ¤ò»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ËÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. Åö»þ¤Ï³¤¤Î¤â¤Î¤È¤â»³ -¤Î¤â¤Î¤È¤â¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, Walnut Creek -CDROM ¼Ò¤¬¿®¤¸¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Û¤É¤Î¿®Íê¤ò´ó¤»¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤¿¤ª¤«¤²¤Ç, FreeBSD ¤Ïû´ü -´Ö¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Ë¤³¤³¤Þ¤ÇÂ礭¤¯À®Ä¹¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - -CDROM ¤Ë¤è¤ëºÇ½é¤ÎÇÛÉÛ (¤½¤·¤Æ¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Î, ¥Ù¡¼¥¿ÈǤǤϤʤ¤ºÇ½é¤Î°ìÈ̸þ -¤±ÇÛÉÛ) ¤Ï FreeBSD 1.0 ¤Ç, 1993ǯ 12·î¤Ë¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤ì¤Ï ¥«¥ê¥Õ¥© -¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¹»¤Î 4.3BSD-Lite (``Net/2'') ¤ò´ð¤È¤·, 386BSD ¤ä -Free Software Foundation ¤«¤é¤â¿¤¯¤ÎÉôʬ¤ò¼è¤êÆþ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï -½é¤á¤Æ¸ø³«¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï½½Ê¬¤ËÀ®¸ù¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ³¤±¤Æ 1994ǯ 5·î¤Ë -FreeBSD 1.1 ¤ò¸ø³«¤·, Èó¾ï¤ËÂ礭¤ÊÀ®¸ù¤ò¼ý¤á¤Þ¤·¤¿. - -¤³¤Î»þ´ü, ¤¢¤Þ¤êͽÁÛ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿Íò¤¬±ó¤¯¤«¤éÀܶᤷ¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¥Ð¡¼ -¥¯¥ì¥¤ Net/2 ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ÎˡŪ¤Ê°ÌÃ֤Ť±¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ, Novell ¼Ò¤È ¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë -¥¢Âç³Ø¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¹»¤È¤Î´Ö¤ÎĹ´ü¤Ë¤ï¤¿¤ëË¡ÄîÏÀÁè¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æϲò¤¬À®Î©¤·¤¿¤Î -¤Ç¤¹. ϲò¤ÎÆâÍƤÏ, Net/2 ¤Î¤«¤Ê¤ê¤ÎÉôʬ¤¬¡Ö¸¢Íø¤Ä¤­ (encumbered)¡×¥³¡¼ -¥É¤Ç¤¢¤ê, ¤½¤ì¤Ï Novell ¼Ò¤Î½êͭʪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë, ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¹»Â¦¤¬¾ùÊ⤷ -¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤·¤¿. ¤Ê¤ª, Novell ¼Ò¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¸¢Íø¤òºÛȽ¤¬»Ï¤Þ¤ë¾¯¤·Á°¤Ë -AT&T ¼Ò¤«¤éÇã¼ý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. ϲò¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¾ùÊâ¤Î¸«ÊÖ¤ê¤Ë¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤ -¹»¤¬ÆÀ¤¿¤Î¤Ï, 4.4BSD-Lite ¤¬ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ëȯɽ¤µ¤ì¤¿»þÅÀ¤Ç, 4.4BSD-Lite ¤Ï¸¢ -Íø¤Ä¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¸ø¼°¤ËÀë¸À¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È, ¤½¤·¤Æ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î´û¸¤Î Net/2 ¤ÎÍø -ÍѼԤ¬ 4.4BSD-Lite ¤ÎÍøÍѤؤȰܹԤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¶¯¤¯¾©Î夵¤ì¤ë¤³¤È, ¤È¤¤¤¦ -Novell ¼Ò¤«¤é¤Î¡Ö¤¢¤ê¤¬¤¿¤­Å·¤«¤é¤Î·Ã¤ß¡×¤Ç¤·¤¿. (ÌõÃí: 4.4BSD-Lite ¤Ï -¤½¤Î¸å Novell ¼Ò¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤ò¼õ¤±¤Æ¤«¤é¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤¿.) FreeBSD ¤â Net/2 ¤òÍø -ÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¤«¤é, 1994ǯ¤Î 7·î¤Î½ª¤ï¤ê¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë Net/2 ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î FreeBSD -¤Î½Ð²Ù¤òÄä»ß¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¸À¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤¿¤À¤·, ¤³¤Î¤È¤­¤Î¹ç°Õ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, »ä -¤¿¤Á¤ÏÄù¤áÀÚ¤ê¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë°ì²ó¤À¤±ºÇ¸å¤Î¸ø³«¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤½¤·¤Æ -¤½¤ì¤Ï FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. - -¤½¤ì¤«¤é FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ï, ¤Þ¤Ã¤µ¤é¤Ç¤«¤Ê¤êÉÔ´°Á´¤Ê 4.4BSD-Lite -¤ò´ð¤Ë, ʸ»ú¤É¤ª¤ê°ì¤«¤éºÆÅÙºî¤êľ¤¹¤È¤¤¤¦, Æñ¤·¤¯¤ÆÂçÊѤʺî¶È¤Î½àÈ÷¤ò»Ï¤á¤Þ¤· -¤¿. ``Lite'' ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï, ÉôʬŪ¤Ë¤ÏËÜÅö¤Ë·Ú¤¯¤Æ, Ãæ¿È¤¬¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç -¤¹. µ¯Æ°¤·, Æ°ºî¤Ç¤­¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Ëºî¤ê¾å¤²¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפȤʤë¥×¥í¥° -¥é¥à¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¤«¤Ê¤ê¤ÎÉôʬ¤¬¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¹» ¤Î CSRG (ÌõÃí: BSD¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë -¥°¥ë¡¼¥×) ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ (¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤ÊˡŪÍ×µá¤Î¤»¤¤¤Ç) ºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿ -¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤È, 4.4BSD ¤Î Intel ¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ãÂбþ¤¬¸µ¡¹¤«¤Ê¤êÉÔ´°Á´¤Ç¤¢¤Ã -¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤½¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î°Ü¹Ôºî¶È¤Ï·ë¶É 1994ǯ¤Î 12·î¤Þ¤Ç¤«¤«¤ê -¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤½¤·¤Æ 1995ǯ¤Î 1·î¤Ë FreeBSD 2.0 ¤ò¥Í¥Ã¥È¤È CDROM ¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ¸ø -³«¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¤«¤Ê¤êÁƺï¤ê¤Ê¤È¤³¤í¤¬»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º, ¤« -¤Ê¤ê¤ÎÀ®¸ù¤ò¼ý¤á¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤½¤·¤Æ¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë, ¤è¤ê¿®ÍêÀ­¤¬¹â¤¯, ¤½¤·¤Æ¥¤¥ó¥¹ -¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬´Êñ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿ FreeBSD 2.0.5 ¤¬ 1995ǯ¤Î 6·î¤Ë¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - -¤³¤ì¤«¤é¤Î¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ - -»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï 1996ǯ¤Î 8·î¤Ë FreeBSD 2.1.5 ¤ò¸ø³«¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤Î½ÐÍ褬Èó¾ï¤Ë -Îɤ¯, Æä˶È̳¤Ç±¿ÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥µ¥¤¥È¤ä ISP ¤Ç¤Î¿Íµ¤¤¬¹â¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç, »ä¤¿ -¤Á¤Ï 2.1-STABLE ³«È¯Ê¬Î®¤«¤é¹¹¤Ë¸ø³«¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¥á¥ê¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¹Í -¤¨¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤½¤ì¤¬ FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 ¤Ç, 2.1-STABLE ³«È¯Ê¬Î®¤ÎºÇ¸å¤òÄù¤á¤¯ -¤¯¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ, 1997ǯ¤Î 2·î¤Ë¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. 2.1-STABLE ³«È¯Ê¬Î® -(RELENG_2_1_0) ¤Ï¸½ºß, Êݼé¤Î¤ß¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¾õÂ֤ˤʤäƤª¤ê, º£¸å¤Ï, ¥» -¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Î²þÁ±¤ä¾¤Î²¿¤«½ÅÍפʥХ°¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î¤ß¤¬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç -¤¦. - -FreeBSD 2.2 ¤Î³«È¯¤Ï, RELENG_2_2 ³«È¯Ê¬Î®¤È¤·¤Æ, ³«È¯¤ÎËÜή -(``-current'') ¤«¤é 1996ǯ 11·î¤Ëʬ´ô¤·, ¤½¤·¤Æ 1997ǯ 4·î¤ËºÇ½é¤Î¸ø³« -(2.2.1) ¤¬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. RELENG_2_2 ³«È¯Ê¬Î®¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëº£¸å¤Î·×²è¤Ç¤Ï, -97ǯ¤Î²Æ¤«¤é½©¤Î´Ö¤Ë¿ô²ó¤Î¸ø³«¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬Í½Äꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ -97ǯ¤ÎÅߤΤϤ¸¤áº¢¤Ë¤Ï, FreeBSD 3.0 ¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¸ø³«¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦Í½Äê¤Ç¤¹. - - - - - -SMP ¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤«¤é DEC ALPHA ¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎĹ´üŪ¤Ê³«È¯¥×¥í -¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ï, 3.0-CURRENT ³«È¯Ê¬Î®¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ·Ñ³¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. CDROM (¤â¤Á¤í -¤ó, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Ç¤â) ¤Ë¤è¤ë 3.0 ¤Î¥¹¥Ê¥Ã¥×¥·¥ç¥Ã¥È¸ø³«¤Ï, 1997ǯ -5·îº¢¤«¤é³«»Ï¤µ¤ì¤ëͽÄê¤Ç¤¹. diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/hw.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/hw.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index c39d437..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/hw.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1519 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - -PC ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥Á¥Ó¥ê¥Æ¥£ -

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¹â®¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ (Ʊ´ü¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É) - ¤òõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð À½¤Î ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º¤Î¥É - ¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬º£¤Î FreeBSD-current¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤â Äó¶¡ - ¤¹¤ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë¤è¤êT1/E1¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¥Ü¡¼¥É¤òÀ½Â¤¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤â¤Ã¤È¤â»ä¤¬Ä¾Àܤ³¤ì¤é¤ÎÀ½ÉʤòÆ°¤«¤·¤¿·Ð¸³¤¬¤¢¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ÌõÃí:Emerging Technologies¤ÎWeb¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¸«¤ë¤È¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¥¹¥Ú¥Ã¥¯¤Ë - Operating Systems: MS-DOS, MS-WINDOWS, System V UNIX, BSD/OS, - FreeBSD, NetBSD and Linux ¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿ - "BSD/OS, FreeBSD and LINUX Router Card Solutions" ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ú¡¼¥¸ - ¤â¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ÏÎɤµ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹. - -

¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤ÎÁªÂò¤ÎÉý¤Ï¤«¤Ê¤ê¹­¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤¬, FreeBSD¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤¹¤ë¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï ¤ÎÀ½Éʤ¬ºÇ¤â¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤ÎºÇÂç¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ï¤³ - ¤Î²ñ¼Ò¤¬»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Êɾ²ÁÍѥܡ¼¥É¤È¥¹¥Ú¥Ã¥¯¤ò¶¡µë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òÌ󫤷 - ¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. »ä¤Ï Cyclom-16Y ¤¬ºÇ¹â¤ÎÀ­Ç½²Á³ÊÈæ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Èʹ - ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬ºÇ¶á¤Ï²Á³Ê¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ÌõÃí: cyclades¤Î WWW¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç¤â Supported Operating Systems¤Ë - Linux¤ä BSDi, FreeBSD ¤¬ÌÀµ­¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¾¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤ÇɾȽ¤¬¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ï BOCA¤ª¤è¤Ó AST¤Î¥«¡¼¥É¤È - ¤Ç, ¤³¤Î¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ï ¤ÇÈó¸ø¼°¤Ê¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤ - ¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥ª¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ª -

»ä¤Ï¸½ºß,¹â²»¼Á¤ÇÁ´Æó½Å¤Î¥ª¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ªµ¡Ç½ (2DMA¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë) ¤ò»ý¤Ä¤È¤¤¤¦ - ÅÀ¤«¤é - Ultrasound MAX ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. Windows NT¤ä OS/2¤Ç¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¤¢¤Þ - ¤ê¤è¤¯¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç, FreeBSD, NT, OS/2¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ç»È¤¦¤Ë¤Ï¿äÁ¦¤Ç¤­¤Þ - ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï ¤Î AWE32 ¤¬¤¤¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¥­¥ã¥×¥Á¥ã¡¼ -

¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¥­¥ã¥×¥Á¥ã¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï»ö¼Â¾å°ì¤Ä¤·¤«ÁªÂò¤Î;ÃϤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - ¥«¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. FreeBSD¤Ï¥¯¥ê¥¨¥£¥Æ¥£¥Ö ¥é¥Ü¤Î¸Å¤¤ video spigot¥«¡¼¥É¤Î - ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¤³¤ì¤Ï¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ê¤Ë¤¯¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤·, Meteor ¤Ï - ¹â®¤ÎPCI¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¿·¤·¤¤À¤Âå¤Î²èÁü¼è¤ê¹þ¤ß¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï VS440FX ¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ç¤ÏÆ°¤«¤Ê - ¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¾ÜºÙ¤Ï¤ÎÀá¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -Ãæ¿´Éô/¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ - -¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É, ¥Ð¥¹, ¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È - * ISA - * EISA - * VLB - PCI - -

¸¶ºî: &a.rgrimes;.25 April 1995.

-

¹¹¿·: &a.jkh;.ºÇ½ª¹¹¿· - 26 August 1996.

-

Ìõ: &a.yoshiaki;.12 October 1996.

- -

Intel¤Î PCI¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ, °Ê²¼¤Ë¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¼ïÎà - ¤Î´ûÃΤÎÉÔ¶ñ¹ç¤ÈÌäÂê¤ÎÄøÅ٤Υꥹ¥È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. -

- -

- - Mercury: ISA¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿¤¬ISA¤ÈPCI¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤Î¸þ - ¤³¤¦Â¦¤Ë¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï,¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¥³¥Ò¡¼¥ì¥ó¥·(°ì´ÓÀ­)¤Î - ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢·ç´Ù¤ËÂн褷¤Æ¤¦¤Þ - ¤¯Æ°¤«¤¹ÊýË¡¤Ï¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤ò off¤Ë¤¹¤ë°Ê³°¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - Saturn-I (82424ZX ¤Î rev 0, 1 ,2): - ¥é¥¤¥È¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤Î¥³¥Ò¡¼¥ì¥ó¥·¤ËÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢·ç´Ù¤ËÂн褷¤Æ¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤«¤¹ÊýË¡¤Ï³°Éô¥­¥ã¥Ã - ¥·¥å¤ò¥é¥¤¥È¥¹¥ë¡¼¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È°Ê³°¤Ë¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤» - ¤ó. Saturn-II¤Ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - Saturn-II (82424ZX ¤Î rev 3 or 4): - ÌäÂê¤Ê¤¯Æ°¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤À¤·Â¿¤¯¤Î¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¥é¥¤¥È¥Ð¥Ã - ¥¯Æ°ºî¤ËɬÍ×¤Ê ³°Éô¥À¡¼¥Æ¥£¥Ó¥Ã¥È SRAM¤¬¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ - ¤»¤ó. Âкö¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¥é¥¤¥È¥¹¥ë¡¼¥â¡¼¥É¤ÇÆ°¤«¤¹¤«, ¥À¡¼¥Æ¥£ - ¥Ó¥Ã¥È SRAM¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - (¤³¤ì¤Ï ASUS PCI/I-486SP3G ¤Î rev 1.6 °Ê¹ß¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹) - - Neptune: 2¤Ä¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î(3Âæ°Ê¾å¤Î)¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥Ç - ¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. Intel¤ÏÀ߷פηç´Ù¤ò - ǧ¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. 2¤Ä¤ò±Û¤¨¤ë¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿¤òµö¤µ¤Ê¤¤, ÆÃÊÌ¤Ê - À߷פΥϡ¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ç PCI¥Ð¥¹¥¢¡¼¥Ó¥¿¤òÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë - ¤è¤ê²ò·è¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. (Intel¤Î Altair board¤ä¾¤Ë¤Ï¤¤ - ¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î Intel¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ë¸«¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹). ¤½¤·¤Æ, - ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó Intel¤Î¸ø¼°¤Î²óÅú¤Ï Triton ¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤Î - °Ü¹Ô¤Ç, ¡Ö¤³¤Á¤é¤Ç¤Ï½¤À°¤·¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - - Triton: ÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¥³¥Ò¡¼¥ì¥ó¥· - ¤ä¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯µ¡Ç½¤¬ - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢ - ¤ì¤Ð Triton-II ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤òÁª¤Ó¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - Triton-II: ¤³¤Î¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È - ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÊó¹ð¤Ë¤è¤ì¤Ðº£¤Î - ¤È¤³¤í¹¥É¾¤Ç¤¹. ´ûÃΤÎÌäÂê¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - Orion: ¤³¤Î¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î½é´ü¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï - PCI write-posting ¤Ë¥Ð¥°¤¬¤¢¤ê, ÂçÎ̤ΠPCI¥Ð¥¹¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã - ¥¯¤Î¤¢¤ë¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤ÏÀ­Ç½¤ÎÃø¤·¤¤Äã²¼¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤ - ¤¦¾ã³²¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. B0°Ê¹ß¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç - ¤ÏÌäÂê¤Ï²ò·è¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - :¤³¤ì¤Ï ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ç, ½é´ü¤Î - Orion¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤ÊÌäÂê¤Ï¸«¤é¤ì¤º, ÌäÂê¤Ê¤¯Æ° - ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, ¤³¤ì¤Ï ECC¤ä¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ò´Þ¤ó¤À¹­¤¤ - ¼ïÎà¤Î¥á¥â¥ê¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ´ûÃΤÎÌäÂê¤Ï Matrox Meteor - ¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¥­¥ã¥×¥Á¥ã¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - -

- -CPU/FPU - * Pentium Pro ¥¯¥é¥¹ - Pentium ¥¯¥é¥¹ - ¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥É -

¸¶ºî &a.rgrimes;.1 October 1996.

-

Pentium ¥¯¥é¥¹¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ï¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ç°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥¯ - ¥í¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï CPU, ³°Éô¥á¥â¥ê¥Ð¥¹, PCI - ¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤¹. ÊÌ¡¹¤Î¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥É¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë ¡Ö¹â®¤Ê¡× - CPU¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ ¡ÖÄ㮤ʡץ·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤è¤ê¤âɬ¤º - ¤·¤â®¤¤¤È¤Ï¸Â¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Î°ã¤¤¤ò°Ê²¼¤Îɽ¤Ë¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. -

- - CPU¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯ ³°Éô¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯ ³°Éô¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤È PCI¥Ð¥¹ - ¤È¥á¥â¥ê¥Ð¥¹ ÆâÉô¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯ ¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯ - MHZ MHZ** ¤ÎÈæ MHZ - - 60 60 1.0 30 - 66 66 1.0 33 - 75 50 1.5 25 - 90 60 1.5 30 - 100 50* 2 25 - 100 66 1.5 33 - 120 60 2 30 - 133 66 2 33 - 150 60 2.5 30 - 166 66 2.5 33 - 180 60 3 30 - 200 66 3 33 - - * Pentium 100 ¤Ï 50MHz¤Î³°Éô¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î 2Çܤޤ¿¤Ï - 66MHz ¤Î 1.5ÇܤÎξÊý¤ÇÆ°¤«¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ** 66 Mhz ¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï 66.667 MHz¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤·¤«¤·, ¤½¤¦¤À¤È·è¤á¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

3ÇÜ¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î CPU¤Ç¤Ï¥á¥â¥ê¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹Â®ÅÙ¤¬ÉÔ­µ¤Ì£¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤ - ¤¦ÅÀ¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð 100, 133, 166, 200 MHz¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤¬ºÇÎɤǤ·¤ç - ¤¦. - * 486 ¥¯¥é¥¹ - * 386 ¥¯¥é¥¹ - 286 ¥¯¥é¥¹ -

FreeBSD¤Ï 80286¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤ÏÆ°¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¸½ºß¤ÎµðÂç¤Ê¥Õ - ¥ë¥¹¥Ú¥Ã¥¯¤Î UNIX¤ò¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ÇÆ°¤«¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤É - ÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -¥á¥â¥ê -

FreeBSD¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ËºÇÄã¸ÂɬÍפʥá¥â¥êÎÌ¤Ï 5 MB¤Ç¤¹. - ¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤ó¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬µ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¤â¤Ã¤È¾¯¤Ê¤¤¥á¥â¥ê - ¤ÇÆ°¤«¤¹¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. boot4.flp ¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð 4 MB ¤·¤«¥á¥â¥ê¤¬¤Ê¤¯ - ¤Æ¤â¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -* BIOS - -ÆþÎÏ/½ÐÎϥǥХ¤¥¹ - -* ¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¥«¡¼¥É -* ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É -¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤È¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¥«¡¼¥É - - &uart; - &sio; - &cy; - -* ¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥«¡¼¥É -* ¥â¥Ç¥à -* ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥«¡¼¥É -* ¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É -* ¥Þ¥¦¥¹ -* ¤½¤Î¾ - -µ­²±ÁõÃÖ -&esdi; -&scsi; - -* ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯/¥Æ¡¼¥× ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - - * SCSI - * IDE - * ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼ - -* ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö - ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö -

¸¶ºî: &a.jmb;.2 July 1996.

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Ìõ: &a.yoshiaki;.13 October 1996.

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mt(1) ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ø¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ÊýË¡¤òÄó - ¶¡¤·¤Þ¤¹. rewind, erase, status¤Ê¤É - ¤Î¶¦ÄÌ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î mt(1)¤ò¸« - ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤²òÀ⤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ -

¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹. SCSI, IDE, ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼, ¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ - ¤Ç¤¹. Èó¾ï¤Ë¿¤¯¤Î¼ïÎà¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤¬¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼ - ¥¹¤Ç»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎµÄÏÀ¤Ï¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹(ÌõÃí:¸½ºß̤´°À®¤Ç¤¹). - - SCSI ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö -

st(4) ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï 8mm (Exabyte), 4mm (DAT: Digital - Audio Tape), QIC (1/4¥¤¥ó¥Á¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸), DLT (¥Ç¥¸¥¿¥ë¥ê¥Ë¥¢¥Æ¡¼ - ¥×), QIC ¥ß¥Ë¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸, 9¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯ (Â礭¤Ê¥ê¡¼¥ë¤¬¥Ï¥ê¥¦¥Ã¥É¤Î - ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¥ë¡¼¥à¤Ç²ó¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤ò¸«¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦)¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - st(4) ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ë¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤²òÀ⤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

°Ê²¼¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¸½ºß FreeBSD¥³¥ß¥å¥Ë¥Æ¥£¤Î¥á¥ó¥Ð¤¬ - »È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤À¤±¤¬ FreeBSD¤ÇÆ°¤¯¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤È¤¤¤¦ - ¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ïñ¤Ë¤¿¤Þ¤¿¤Þ»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î狼¤¬»È¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - - 4mm (DAT: Digital Audio Tape ) -

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8mm (Exabyte) -

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- - QIC (1/4 ¥¤¥ó¥Á¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸) -

DLT (Digital Linear Tape) -

Mini-Cartridge -

Autoloaders/Changers -

- - * IDE ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö - ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö -

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¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "ARCHIVE -ANCDA 2750 28077 -003 type 1 removable SCSI 2"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï QIC ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

QIC-1350¥Æ¡¼¥×¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Îɸ½à¤ÎÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 1.35GB¤Ç¤¹. -¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï QIC-150 (DC6150), QIC-250 (DC6250), QIC-525 (DC6525) ¤Î -¥Æ¡¼¥×¤òÌäÂê¤Ê¤¯Æɤ߽ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -

dump(8)¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿»þ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 350kB/s¤Ç¤¹. - ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëžÁ÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï -530kB/s¤ÈÊó¹ð¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï´û¤ËÀ¸»ºÃæ»ß¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î SCSI¥Ð¥¹¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ï¾¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î - SCSI¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤È¥Ô¥óÇÛÃÖ¤¬µÕ¤Ç¤¹. Anaconda ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÎÁ°¸å¤ÇSCSI¥±¡¼ -¥Ö¥ë¤ò1/2¤Ò¤Í¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¯¤é¤¤SCSI¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¬Ä¹¤¤¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯ -¤«, ¾¤Î SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥Ô¥óÇÛÃÖ¤òÆþ¤ì´¹¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Í× -¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

¤½¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¡¼¥É¤ÎÊѹ¹¤¬ 2²Õ½êɬÍפǤ¹. ¤½ -¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. -

SCSI-2¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é, ¥¸¥ã¥ó¥Ñ¤Î 6ÈÖ¤ò¥·¥ç¡¼¥È -¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤¦¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï SCSI-1¤È¤·¤ÆƯ¤­¤Þ¤¹. SCSI-1¤Î -¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë»þ, ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Îfsf (ÁáÁ÷¤ê), rewind (´¬ -Ìᤷ),rewoffl (´¬Ìᤷ¤Æ¥ª¥Õ¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ë¤¹¤ë) Åù¤ò´Þ¤àÁàºî¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë´Ö, -SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤ò¥í¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Þ¤¹. -

NCR SCSI¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç, /usr/src/sys/pci/ncr.c (°Ê -²¼¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤)¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºî¤êľ¤·, ¿·¤·¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í -¥ë¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -*** 4831,4835 **** - }; - -! if (np->latetime>4) { - /* - ** Although we tried to wake it up, ---- 4831,4836 ---- - }; - -! if (np->latetime>1200) { - /* - ** Although we tried to wake it up, - - -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: &a.jmb; - - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "ARCHIVE -Python 28454-XXX4ASB" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "density code -0x8c, 512-byte blocks" ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï DDS-1 ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

90m ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 2.5GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷®ÅÙ¤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï Sun ¥Þ¥¤¥¯¥í¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ºÆ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤·¤Æ model - 411¤È¤·¤Æ½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Bob Bishop rb@gid.co.uk - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "ARCHIVE -VIPER 60 21116 -007" "type 1 removable SCSI 1"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï QIC¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½à¤ÎÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 60MB ¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÏÀ¸»ºÃæ»ß¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Philippe Regnauld regnauld@hsc.fr - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "ARCHIVE -VIPER 150 21531 -004" "Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue" "type -1 removable SCSI 1"¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë¤Ï¿¤¯¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç -¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¿ô»ú¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ -¤»¤ó(Î㤨¤Ð "21247 -005"). -

¤³¤ì¤Ï QIC¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 150/250MB¤Ç¤¹. 150MB (DC6150) ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤È - 250MB (DC6250)¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Îµ­Ï¿¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. 250MB¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ï -¤ª¤è¤½67% 150MB¥Æ¡¼¥×¤è¤êŤ¤¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï 120MB¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¤òÌäÂê -¤Ê¤¯Æɤळ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. 120MB¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤à¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï100kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï DC6150 (150MB) ¤È DC6250 (250MB) ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ÎÆÉ¤ß -½ñ¤­¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î´ñ̯¤ÊÊÊ¤Ï SCSI¥Æ¡¼¥×¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¤¢¤é -¤«¤¸¤á (st(4)) ¤Ë¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤áÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

FreeBSD 2.2-current¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎÀßÄê¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤ámt -blocksize 512¤È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. (¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤¬ -21247 -005 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ç¤¹. ¾¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ç¤Ï°Û -¤Ê¤ë¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹.) ¤³¤ì°ÊÁ°¤Î FreeBSD¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ï¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÏÀ¸»ºÃæ»ß¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Pedro A M Vazquez vazquez@IQM.Unicamp.BR -

Mike Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "ARCHIVE -VIPER 2525 25462 -011" "type 1 removable SCSI 1"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï QIC¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 525MB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 90inch/sec¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç 180kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

QIC-525, QIC-150, QIC-120, QIC-24¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¤òÆɤळ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ -¤¹. QIC-525, QIC-150, QIC-120 ¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤à¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -

¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤¬ "25462 -011" °ÊÁ°¤Îʪ¤Ï¥Ð¥°¤¬ -¿¤¯, Àµ¤·¤¯µ¡Ç½¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÏÀ¸»ºÃæ»ß¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: &a.hm; - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "Conner tape" ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ò»È¤¦¥ß¥Ë¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É -¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎ̤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï QIC-80¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Mark Hannon mark@seeware.DIALix.oz.au - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "CONNER -CTMS 3200 7.00" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï¥ß¥Ë¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎ̤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï QIC-3080¥Æ¡¼¥×¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Thomas S. Traylor tst@titan.cs.mci.com - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "DEC -TZ87 (C) DEC 9206" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "density code 0x19" ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï DLT¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 10GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿°µ½Ì¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 1.2MB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï Quantum DLT2000¤ÈƱ°ì¤Îʪ¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö -¤Î¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï Exabyte¤Î 8mm¥É¥é¥¤¥ÖÅù¤Î¤è¤¯ÃΤé¤ì¤¿¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥É¥é -¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤è¤¦ÀßÄ꤬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: &a.wilko; - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "EXABYTE -EXB-2501"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï¥ß¥Ë¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

MC3000XL¥ß¥Ë¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿»þ¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 1GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï DC2300 (550MB), DC2750 (750MB), MC3000 -(750MB), MC3000XL (1GB) ¥ß¥Ë¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤ÎÆɤ߽ñ¤­¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -

Ãí°Õ: ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï SCSI-2¤Î»ÅÍͤËŬ¹ç¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï, ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥ÈºÑ¤ß¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×°Ê³°¤òÆþ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç, SCSI -MODE_SELCT¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç´°Á´¤Ë¥í¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò»È -¤¦Á°¤Ë, ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤ò¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - mt -f /dev/st0ctl.0 blocksize 1024 - -¥ß¥Ë¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤ÏºÇ½é¤Ë»È¤¦Á°¤Ë¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -FreeBSD 2.1.0-RELEASE ¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤ì°ÊÁ°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï - - /sbin/scsi -f /dev/rst0.ctl -s 600 -c "4 0 0 0 0 0" - -(¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï, FreeBSD 2.1.5/2.2¤«¤é scsiformat¥·¥§¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò -¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤Æ»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤¿¾ì¹ç¤È) FreeBSD 2.1.5¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤ì°Ê¹ß¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï - - /sbin/scsiformat -q -w /dev/rst0.ctl - -¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. -

º£¤Î¤È¤³¤í, FreeBSD¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤ª¤¹¤¹¤á¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Bob Beaulieu ez@eztravel.com - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "EXABYTE -EXB-8200 252X" "type 1 removable SCSI 1"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï8mm¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 2.3GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 270kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Î SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Ø¤Î±þÅú¤Ï¤ï¤ê¤¢¤¤ÃÙ¤¤¤Ç¤¹. -¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬É¬Íפ«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó (SCSI_DELAY¤ò 10ÉäËÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦). -ÌõÃí: GENERIC¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï 15ÉäˤʤäƤ¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë¿¤¯¤Î¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¹½À®¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤¢¤ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤ÏÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ù¥ó¥À¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë¥«¥¹¥¿¥Þ¥¤¥º¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï EPROM¤òÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÏÀ¸»ºÃæ»ß¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Mike Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "EXABYTE -EXB-8500-85Qanx0 0415" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï 8mm¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 5GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 300kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Greg Lehey grog@lemis.de - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "EXABYTE -EXB-85058SQANXR1 05B0" "type 1 removable SCSI 2"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï °µ½Ìµ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿ 8mm¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç, EXB-5200 ¤È - EXB-8500¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¾å°Ì¸ß´¹ÉʤǤ¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 5GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿°µ½Ìµ¡Ç½¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 300kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Glen Foster gfoster@gfoster.com - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "HP -C1533A 9503" "type 1 removable SCSI 2"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤ÏDDS-2¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. DDS-2 ¤È¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÍÆÎ̤òÁý¤ä -¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢°µ½Ì¤È¶¹¤¤¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤òºÎÍѤ·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. -

120m¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎ̤Ï4GB¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï -¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿°µ½Ìµ¡Ç½¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï510kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Ò¥å¡¼¥ì¥Ã¥È¥Ñ¥Ã¥«¡¼¥É¼Ò¤Î6000eU¤ª¤è¤Ó6000i¥Æ¡¼ -¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö, C1533A DDS-2 DAT ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï 8ÀÜÅÀ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥Ã¥×¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD¤Ç -¤ÎŬÀÚ¤ÊÀßÄê¤Ï 1 ON; 2 ON; 3 OFF; 4 ON; 5 ON; 6 ON; 7 ON; 8 ON ¤Ç¤¹. - -¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á 1 2 ·ë²Ì - ON ON ÅŸ»ÅêÆþ»þ¤Ë°µ½ÌON, ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤ë¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë²Äǽ - ON OFF ÅŸ»ÅêÆþ»þ¤Ë°µ½ÌON, ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤ë¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ëÉÔ²Ä - OFF ON ÅŸ»ÅêÆþ»þ¤Ë°µ½ÌOFF, ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤ë¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë²Äǽ - OFF OFF ÅŸ»ÅêÆþ»þ¤Ë°µ½ÌOFF, ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤ë¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ëÉÔ²Ä - -

¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á3¤Ï MRS (Media Recognition System :¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢Ç§¼±¥·¥¹¥Æ -¥à) ¤ò¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. MRS ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ÏÆ©ÌÀ¤Ê¥Æ¡¼¥×¥ê¡¼¥ÀÉôʬ¤Ë¤·¤ÞÌÏ -Íͤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥×¤¬ DDS (Digital Data Storage) ¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¢¤ë -¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤ÞÌÏÍͤΤʤ¤¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ï¥é¥¤¥È¥×¥í¥Æ¥¯¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ -°·¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á3¤òOFF¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È MRS¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á3¤òON¤Ë -¤¹¤ë¤È MRS¤Ï̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -ÌõÃí: °Â²Á¤Ê²»³ÚÍѤÎDAT¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»È¤¦¤Ë¤Ï MRS¤òOFF¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹ - -

Ãí°Õ: ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÎÉʼÁ´ÉÍý¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËÉý¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ -¤¹. ¤¢¤ë FreeBSD¥³¥¢¥Á¡¼¥à¤Î¥á¥ó¥Ð¤Ï ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò2¤ÄÊÖÉʤ·¤Þ¤·¤¿. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: &a.se; - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "HP -HP35470A T503" type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access -density code 0x13, variable blocks"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï DDS-1¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. DDS-1 ¤ÏºÇ½é¤Î DAT -¥Æ¡¼¥×¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¹. -

90m ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 2GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 183kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ò¥å¡¼¥ì¥Ã¥È¥Ñ¥Ã¥«¡¼¥É¼Ò¤Î -SureStore ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö, C35470A DDS ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È DAT¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö, C1534A DDS -¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È DAT¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö, HP C1536A DDS ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È DAT¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤È -Ʊ¤¸µ¡¹½¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

HP C1534A DDS¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È DAT¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥°¥ê¡¼¥ó¤È²«¿§(¥¢¥ó¥Ð¡¼) -¤Î2¤Ä¤Îɽ¼¨¥é¥ó¥×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥°¥ê¡¼¥ó¤Î¥é¥ó¥×¤ÏÆ°ºî¾õ -ÂÖ¤ò¼¨¤·, ¥í¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°Ãæ¤Ï¤æ¤Ã¤¯¤êÅÀÌÇ, ¥í¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤¬½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤ÈÅÀÅô, -read/writeÆ°ºîÃæ¤Ï®¤¯ÅÀÌǤ·¤Þ¤¹. ²«¿§¤Î¥é¥ó¥×¤Ï·Ù¹ðÅô¤Ç, ¥¯¥ê¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥° -¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¤«¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥×¤¬¼÷Ì¿¤Ë¶á¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤È¤æ¤Ã¤¯¤êÅÀÌÇ, Ã×̿Ū¤Ê¥¨¥é¡¼ -¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÏÅÀÅô¤·¤Þ¤¹(¹©¾ì¤Ç¤Î½¤Íý¤¬É¬Íפ«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó). -

Êó¹ð¼Ô:Gary Crutcher gcrutchr@nightflight.com - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±Ê̻ҤÏ̤³Îǧ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï DDS-2¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. DDS-2 ¤È¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÍÆÎ̤òÁý¤ä -¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢°µ½Ì¤È¶¹¤¤¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤òºÎÍѤ·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. -

120m¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 24GB ¤Ç¤¹. -¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿°µ½Ìµ¡Ç½¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï510kB/s (ɸ½à) ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Ò¥å¡¼¥ì¥Ã¥È¥Ñ¥Ã¥«¡¼¥É¼Ò¤Î SureStore -¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥ê¥¢¥Ñ¥Í¥ë¤Ë2¤Ä¤ÎÁªÂò¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¥Õ¥¡¥ó¤Ë¶á¤¤¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤Ï SCSI ID¤Ç¤¹. ¤â¤¦¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ï 7¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. -

ÆâÉô¤Ë 4¸Ä¤Î¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï 1 ON; 2 ON; 3 ON; -4 OFF ¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. -

¸½ºß¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¥Ü¥ê¥å¡¼¥à¤Î½ª¤ê¤Ç¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò -¸ò´¹¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤³¤Ë¼¨¤¹ shell¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ç¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò¸ò´¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - -#!/bin/sh -PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin"; export PATH - -usage() -{ - echo "Usage: dds_changer [123456ne] raw-device-name - echo "1..6 = Select cartridge" - echo "next cartridge" - echo "eject magazine" - exit 2 -} - -if [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then - usage -fi - -cdb3=0 -cdb4=0 -cdb5=0 - -case $1 in - [123456]) - cdb3=$1 - cdb4=1 - ;; - n) - ;; - e) - cdb5=0x80 - ;; - ?) - usage - ;; -esac - -scsi -f $2 -s 100 -c "1b 0 0 $cdb3 $cdb4 $cdb5" - - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±Ê̻ҤÏ"HP -HP35450A -A C620" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access -density code 0x13" ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï DDS-1¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. DDS-1 ¤ÏºÇ½é¤Î DAT -¥Æ¡¼¥×¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 1.2GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 160kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: mark thompson mark.a.thompson@pobox.com - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "HP -HP35470A 9 09" type 1 removable SCSI 2"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï DDS-1¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. DDS-1¤ÏºÇ½é¤Î DAT -¥Æ¡¼¥×¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¹. -

90m¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿»þ¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 2GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 183kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Ò¥å¡¼¥ì¥Ã¥È¥Ñ¥Ã¥«¡¼¥É¼Ò¤Î -SureStore ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö, C35470A DDS¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥ÈDAT¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö, C1534A -DDS¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥ÈDAT¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö, HP C1536A DDS ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥ÈDAT¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÈƱ -¤¸µ¡¹½¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Ãí°Õ: ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÎÉʼÁ´ÉÍý¤Ë¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËÂ礭 -¤ÊÉý¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤¢¤ë FreeBSD¥³¥¢¥Á¡¼¥à¤Î¥á¥ó¥Ð¤Ï 5Âæ¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤òÊÖÉʤ· -¤Þ¤·¤¿. 9¥ö·î°Ê¾å¤â¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: David Dawes dawes@rf900.physics.usyd.edu.au (9 09) - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï -"HP HP35480A 1009" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access -density code 0x13" ¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï DDS-DC¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. DDS-DC¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿ -°µ½Ì¤Î¤Ä¤¤¤¿DDS-1¤Ç¤¹. DDS-1¤ÏºÇ½é¤ÎDAT¥Æ¡¼¥×¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¹. -

90m¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 2GB¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Ï¡¼ -¥É¥¦¥§¥¢°µ½Ìµ¡Ç½¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 183kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¥Ò¥å¡¼¥ì¥Ã¥È¥Ñ¥Ã¥«¡¼¥É¼Ò¤Î SureStore - , ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é -¥¤¥Ö, C35480A DDS ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È DAT ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÈƱ¤¸µ¡¹½¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï»þ¡¹, ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Î ejectÁàºî (mt offline) -¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ë¥Ï¥ó¥°¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤òeject¤µ¤»¤¿¤ê, -¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò²óÉü¤µ¤»¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¥Õ¥í¥ó¥È¥Ñ¥Í¥ë¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -

Ãí°Õ: HP 35480-03110 ¤Ç¤ÏÆÃÍ­¤ÎÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. -¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â2²ó, FreeBSD 2.1.0 ¤Ç IBM Server 320¤Ë 2940W SCSI¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é -¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î SCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç -¥ó¤¬¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ï²òÀϤâ²ò·è¤â¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¤³¤ì¤é¤Ë¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â DDS-1¤Î¤â¤Î¤È DDS-2¤Î¤â¤Î¤Î2¤Ä¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤¬ -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. DDS-1¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï "SDT-5000 3.02"¤Ç¤¹. DDS-2¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï "SONY -SDT-5000 327M" ¤Ç¤¹. DDS-2¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤Ï 1MB¤Î¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î -¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤Ë¤è¤ê¤¢¤é¤æ¤ë¾õ¶·¤Ç¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Îή¤ì¤òÅÓÀڤ줵¤»¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "SONY -SDT-5000 3.02" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access -density code 0x13"¤Ç¤¹. -

120m¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 4GB¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö -¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿°µ½Ìµ¡Ç½¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - "SONY SDT-5000 327M" ¤Ç¥Ç¡¼¥¿°µ½Ì¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Î¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 630kB/s -¤Ç¤¹. "SONY SDT-5000 3.02"¤Ç¤Ï 225kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

Kenneth Merry ken@ulc199.residence.gatech.edu¤ÎÊó¹ð¤Ë¤è¤ì¤Ð -¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤«¤é¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÆɤि¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤ò 512¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Ë¤·¤Þ -¤¹ (mt blocksize 512). -

"SONY SDT-5000 327M" ¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï Charles Henrich - henrich@msu.edu ¤Ë¤è¤ëÊó¹ð¤Ç¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: &a.jmz; - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï -"TANDBERG TDC 3600 =08:" "type 1 removable SCSI 2"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÏQIC ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎ̤Ï150/250MB¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¤Ï´ñ̯¤ÊÊʤ¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - SCSI¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð (st(4)) ¤Ë¤ÏÌäÂê¤Ê¤¯Æ°¤¯¥³¡¼¥É¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤ -¤Þ¤¹. ÌäÂê¤Î½¤À°¤ÈSCSI 2¤Ø¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥Á¥Ó¥ê¥Æ¥£¤òÆÀ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§ -¥¢¤ò¤¢¤ë (¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤ÏÉÔÌÀ¤Î) ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤è¤ê¾å¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï80kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

IBM¤È EmeraldÀ½ÉʤΥæ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤ÏÆ°¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. -ÌäÂê¤ò²ò·è¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢ EPROM¤ò¸ò´¹¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Michael Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au - - -

¤³¤ì¤Ï¥É¥é¥¤ -¥Ö¤ËÈó¾ï¤Ë¤è¤¯»÷¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: &a.joerg; - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï -"TANDBERG TDC 4222 =07" "type 1 removable SCSI 2"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï QIC¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎ̤Ï2.5GB¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï 60M (DC600A) °Ê¾å¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î -¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤òÆɤळ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­, 150MB (DC6150) °Ê¾å¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤ò -Æɤ߽ñ¤­¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢°µ½Ì¤Ï 2.5GB¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿»þ¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¤Ï´ñ̯¤ÊÊʤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, FreeBSD¤Î2.2-current°Ê¹ß¤Î -SCSI¥Æ¡¼¥×¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð (st(4)) ¤Ë¤ÏÂбþ¤¬ÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤½¤ì°ÊÁ°¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î FreeBSD¤Ç¤Ïmt¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤«¤é1¥Ö¥í¥Ã -¥¯Æɤß, ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò´¬Ìᤷ¤Æ¤«¤é¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -(mt fsr 1; mt rewind; dump ...). -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 600kB/s (¥Ç¡¼¥¿°µ½Ì»þ¤Î¥Ù¥ó¥À¤Ë¤è¤ë¸ø¾Î) - ¤Ç, start/stop ¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤â 350kB/s ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ÍÆÎ̤µ¤¤¥«¡¼ - ¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï²¼¤¬¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: &a.joerg; - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "WANGTEK -5525ES SCSI REV7 3R1" "type 1 removable SCSI 1" "density code 0x11, 1024-byte -blocks"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï QIC¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

ɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 525MB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 180kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

60, 120, 150, 525MB ¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¤òÆɤळ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -60MB (DC600¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸) ¤Ë¤Ï½ñ¤­¹þ¤à¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. 120¤ª¤è¤Ó150¥Æ¡¼ -¥×¤Ë³Î¼Â¤Ë¾å½ñ¤­¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, Àè¤Ë¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò¾Ãµî (mt erase) ¤·¤Þ¤¹. -120¤ª¤è¤Ó 150¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ï 525MB¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¤è¤êÉý¤Î¹­¤¤¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤ -¤Þ¤¹(¥Æ¡¼¥×Åö¤¿¤ê¤Î¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¿ô¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹). -¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÉý¤Î¡Ö³°Â¦¡×¤Ë¤Ï¾å½ñ¤­¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç, ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤¬¾Ãµî¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê -ξ¦¤Ë¸Å¤¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬»Ä¤Ã¤¿¤Þ¤Þ¿·¤·¤¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î´ñ̯¤ÊÊʤÏÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, SCSI¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð - (st(4)) ¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÇÆ°¤¯¤³¤È¤¬³Îǧ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â - ¤Î¤Ï M75D¤Ç¤¹. - -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Marc van Kempen marc@bowtie.nl "REV73R1" - Andrew Gordon Andrew.Gordon@net-tel.co.uk "M75D" - - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¼±ÊÌ»Ò¤Ï "WANGTEK -6200-HS 4B18" "type 1 removable SCSI 2" "Sequential-Access density -code 0x13"¤Ç¤¹. -

¤³¤ì¤Ï DDS-1¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. -

90m¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Îɸ½àÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 2GB¤Ç¤¹. -

¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï 150kB/s¤Ç¤¹. -

Êó¹ð¼Ô: Tony Kimball alk@Think.COM - - * ÌäÂê¤Î¤¢¤ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö - -* CD-ROM ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö -* ¤½¤Î¾ - -* ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ÎÄɲäȺÆÀßÄê - ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤È¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥× - * ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤Ø¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ï¤¤¤«¤¬? - ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢ - - -

4mm ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ï¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤È¤·¤Æ -QIC¤«¤éÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤é¤ì¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Îή¤ì¤Ï QIC¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÎÀ½Â¤¤Î¥ê¡¼¥À -¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿ Archive¤ò Conner¤¬Çã¼ý¤· QIC¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÎÀ½Â¤¤òÃæ»ß¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤Ç²Ã -®¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. 4mm¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¾®·¿¤ÇÀŤ«¤Ç¤¹¤¬ -8mm¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¿®ÍêÀ­¤ÎɾȽ¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤Ï 8mm¥«¡¼¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤è¤ê¤â°Â²Á¤Ç¾®·¿ (3 x 2 x 0.5 ¥¤¥ó¥Á -; 76 x 51 x 12 mm) ¤Ç¤¹. 4mm¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö ¤Ï 8mmƱÍͤ˥إꥫ¥ë¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó (Ìõ -Ãí: VTR¤ÈƱÍͤβóž¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤ò»È¤¦Êý¼°) ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦Íýͳ¤Ç¥Ø¥Ã¥É -¤Î¼÷Ì¿¤Ïû¤¤¤Ç¤¹. - - -

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥¹¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ã¥È¤Ï 150kB/sÄøÅÙ¤«¤é -500kB/sÄøÅÙ¤ÎÈϰϤǤ¹. ¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 1.3GB¤«¤é 2.0GB¤Ç¤¹. ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢ -°µ½Ì¤¬Â¿¤¯¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç²Äǽ¤Ç, ¤ª¤è¤½ 2ÇܤÎÍÆÎ̤ˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥É¥é¥¤ -¥Ö¥Æ¡¼¥×¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤Ï1¤Ä¤ÎãþÂÎ¤Ë 6¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¼«Æ°Åª -¤Ë¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò¸ò´¹¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 240GB¤Ë㤷¤Þ¤¹. - - -

4mm¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï 8mm¥É¥é¥¤¥ÖƱÍͤ˥إꥫ¥ë¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¥Ø¥ê¥«¥ë¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¤ÎÍøÅÀ¤È·çÅÀ¤Ï 4mm¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö ¤È 8mm¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¶¦Ä̤Ǥ¹. - -

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¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥¹¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ã¥È¤Ï 250kB/sÄøÅÙ¤«¤é 500kB/sÄøÅÙ¤ÎÈϰϤǤ¹. -¥Ç¡¼¥¿ÍÆÎÌ¤Ï 300MB¤«¤é 7GB¤Ç¤¹. ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢°µ½Ì¤¬Â¿¤¯¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç²Ä -ǽ¤Ç,¤ª¤è¤½ 2ÇܤÎÍÆÎ̤ˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. ñ°ì¤Î¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤ª¤è¤Ó,1¤Ä¤ÎãþÂΤË6Âæ¤Î -¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤È 120´¬¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥Æ¡¼¥×¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬ÍøÍÑ²Ä -ǽ¤Ç¤¹. ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ï¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤è¤ê¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¸ò´¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÍÆÎÌ¤Ï -840GB°Ê¾å¤Ë㤷¤Þ¤¹. - - -

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(ÌõÃí: ÊýË¡1)mt fsf 1 ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ï¼±ÊÌ - ¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ò¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ë½ñ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

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mt rewind¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò´¬Ìᤷ¤Þ¤¹. -

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dump(8) ¤È restore(8) ¤ÏÅÁÅýŪ¤Ê Unix¤Î¥Ð¥Ã -¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æºî¤é -¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë,¥ê¥ó¥¯,¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î½¸¤Þ¤ê¤È¤·¤Æ½èÍý¤· -¤Þ¤¹. dump(8)¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àÁ´ÂΤò¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤·, -°ìÉôʬ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ä, ln(1)¤Ë¤è¤ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ä¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿, 1¤Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Þ¤¿¤¬¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì -¥¯¥È¥ê¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. -dump(8)¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¹½À®¤¹¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ò¥Æ¡¼ -¥×¤Ë½ñ¤¯¤À¤±¤Ç, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ë½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -dump(8)¤Ë¤Ï½é´ü¤Î ATT UNIX¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 6 (1975ǯ¤´¤í) ¤ËͳÍ褹¤ë -Êʤ¬»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤Ï 9¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¥Æ¡¼¥× (6250 bpi) ¤Ë -Ŭ¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¸½ºß¤Î¹âÌ©ÅÙ¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢ (ºÇÂç 62,182 ftpi) ¤ËŬ¤·¤Æ¤¤ -¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¸½ºß¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÎÍÆÎ̤òÍ­¸ú¤ËÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á, ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤò -¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤ÇÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

rdump(8) ¤È rrestore(8) ¤Ï¾¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼ -¥¿¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯·Ðͳ¤Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¤·¤Þ -¤¹.¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤â¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë -rcmd(3)¤È ruserok(3)¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤¿¤á¥æ¡¼¥¶ -¤¬¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï rhosts¤Ë¤è¤ë¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ -¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹.

rdump(8) ¤È rrestore(8)¤Î°ú¿ô¤Ï¥ê¥â¡¼ -¥È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ËŬÀڤʤâ¤Î¤òÍѤ¤¤Þ¤¹. - -rrestore(8)¤Ï¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤«¤é»È¤¦¤Î¤ËŬ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -(Î㤨¤Ð FreeBSD¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤è¤ê komodo¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Î Sun¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë -Exabyte¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ø -/sbin/rdump -0dsbfu 54000 13000 126 komodo:/dev/nrst8 /dev/rsd0a 2>&1 -¤È¤·¤Æ rdump¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Î restore¤Ë»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹) -·Ù¹ð: ¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ï rhosts¤Î´ÉÍý¤Ë¤«¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¾õ¶·¤òÃí°Õ¿¼¤¯Ä´¤Ù¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - Tar - -

tar(1) ATT Unix ¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 6 (1975¤´¤í) ¤Ë¤µ¤«¤Î¤Ü -¤ë»ö¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. tar(1)¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¶¨Ä´¤·¤Æµ¡Ç½¤·, ¥Õ¥¡ -¥¤¥ë¤ä¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ë½ñ¤­¤Þ¤¹. tar(1)¤Ï -cpio(1)¤Ç»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Õ¥ë¥ì¥ó¥¸¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï»ý¤Á¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬ -cpio(1)¤Ç»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê´ñ̯¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥Ñ¥¤¥×¥é¥¤¥ó¤ÏɬÍפ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

tar(1) ¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯·Ðͳ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï¤¢ -¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¤Ï¥Ñ¥¤¥×¥é¥¤¥ó¤È rsh(1)¤ò»È¤Ã -¤ÆÁ÷¤ë»ö¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. (¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É»ÈÍÑÎã¤Ï¤Þ¤À¤Ç¤¹) - - Cpio - -

cpio(1) ¤ÏËÜÍè¤Î Unix¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼§µ¤¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Ø°Ü¤¹¤¿ -¤á¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¹. cpio(1)¤Ï¥Ð¥¤¥È¥¹¥ï¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°, ¿¤¯¤Î°Û¤Ê -¤ë¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Î½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó(¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Ë¤â¿¿ô¤Î¥ª¥× -¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹)¤¬¤¢¤ê¥Ñ¥¤¥×¤Ç¾¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÅϤ¹»ö¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ -¤¹. ¤³¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Ëµó¤²¤¿ÆÃħ¤Ë¤è¤ê, cpio(1)¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢ -¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤ÏÍ¥¤ì¤¿ÁªÂò¤Ç¤¹. cpio(1)¤ÏSTDIN¤«¤é¤ÎÆþÎÏ¤Ç -¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤º,¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Îõº÷¤ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Îµ¡Ç½ -¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

cpio(1)¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯·Ðͳ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï¤¢ -¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¤Ï¥Ñ¥¤¥×¥é¥¤¥ó¤È rsh(1)¤ò»È¤Ã -¤ÆÁ÷¤ë»ö¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. (¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É»ÈÍÑÎã¤Ï¤Þ¤À¤Ç¤¹) - - -

Amanda (Advanced Maryland Network Disk Archiver) ¤Ïñ°ì¤Î¥× -¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È/¥µ¡¼¥Ð·¿¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. Amanda ¥µ¡¼ -¥Ð¤Ï, Amanda¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ç¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿Ê£¿ô¤Î¥³¥ó -¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤«¤é°ì¤Ä¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ø¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤ÊÌäÂê¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤â¤ÎÂçÍÆÎ̤Υǥ£¥¹¥¯¤«¤é¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ç¥£ -¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï»þ´Ö¤¬¤«¤«¤ê¤¹¤®¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦»ö -¤Ç¤¹. Amanda ¤Ï¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤ò²ò·è¤·¤Þ¤¹. Amanda¤ÏƱ»þ¤ËÊ£¿ô¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹ -¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦»þ¤Ë ¡Ö¥Û¡¼¥ë¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¡×¤ò»È¤¦»ö¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -Amanda¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Õ¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò -¤¢¤ë´Ö³Ö¤Ç¤È¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ç¤¢¤ë ¡Ö¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¡×¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤Ï Amanda¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬, ¤¢¤ë -´ü´Ö¤Çºî¤é¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ç¤¹. ¡Ö¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¥»¥Ã -¥È¡×¤Ë¤ÏÌë´Ö¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÁýʬ (¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ïº¹Ê¬¤È¤·¤Æ -) ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤â´Þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹. ¾ã³²¤Îµ¯¤­¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î²óÉü¤Ë -¤ÏºÇ¤â¿·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ÈÁýʬ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. - -

ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¤È Amanda¤Ë¤è¤ë¥Í¥Ã -¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯Î̤òÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. Amanda¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ë½ñ¤¯¤Î¤Ë -¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¤É¤ì¤«¤ò»È¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. Amanda¤Ï¤½¤Î°ìÉôʬ¤Ç¤â -¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ç¤âÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤ -

¡Ö²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤» -¤ó¤¬, ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ÎÀïά¤È¤·¤ÆºÇ¤â¹­¤¯ºÎÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʪ¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï½é -´üÅê»ñ¤¬É¬Íפ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥¹¥±¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤â -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤¿¤À²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. ¤â¤·¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ë²¿¤«¤¬µ¯¤­¤¿¤é, ¶ì¾Ð¤¤ -¤·¤ÆÂѤ¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ»þ´Ö¤ä¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î²ÁÃͤ¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤«¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤ -¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡Ö²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤¡×¤Î¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ËºÇ¤âŬ¤·¤¿¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã -¥×¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤·¤«¤·Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. Unix¤ÏÊØÍø¤Ê¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤¹. -6¥ö·î¤â»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð²ÁÃͤΤ¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î»³¤¬¤Ç¤­¾å¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -

¡Ö²¿¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤¡×¤Ï /usr/obj ¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î, ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ë -¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ä¤¯¤ê½Ð¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏŬÀÚ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹. °ì¤Ä¤Î -Îã¤Ï¤³¤Î¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï SGML¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤è¤ê -À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤¿Êª¤Ç¤¹. HTML¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤òºî¤ëɬÍפϤ¢ -¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. SGML¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÏÄê´üŪ¤Ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤É¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬ºÇŬ¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦? -

Äê´üŪ¤Ë dump(8)¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. Elizabeth -D. Zwicky ¤Ï¤³¤³¤Ç¸¡Æ¤¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¹éÌäŪ¤Ê¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ -¤·¤¿. ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤È Unix¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¾õÂÖ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤òÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤ÏÌÀ¤é -¤«¤Ë dump(8)¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. Elizabeth¤ÏÂ礭¤¯ÊѲ½¤ËÉÙ¤ó¤À°Û¾ï¤Ê¾õÂÖ -(¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤ê°Û¾ï¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤¾õÂ֤Τâ¤Î¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹) ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤ -¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤È¥ê -¥¹¥È¥¢¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¥Æ¥¹¥È¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. Æÿ§¤Î¤¢¤ë¾õÂ֤ˤÏ, ¥Û¡¼¥ë¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë, -¥Û¡¼¥ë¤È¥Ì¥ë¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë, ´ñ̯¤Êʸ»ú¤ò¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ë»ý¤Ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤ -¥ë, Æɤ߽Ф·ÉÔ²Ä, ½ñ¤­¹þ¤ßÉԲĤΥե¡¥¤¥ë, ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë, ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã -¥×Ãæ¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë, ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×Ãæ¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºîÀ®/ºï½ü -¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤Ê¤É¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Èà½÷¤Ï1991ǯ10·î¤Î LISA V¤Ç·ë²Ì¤Îȯɽ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ -¤¹. - - ¶ÛµÞ»þ¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¥¢¼ê½ç - ºÒÆñ¤Îµ¯¤­¤ëÁ°¤Ë -

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¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥× 1¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë(/etc/fstab) -¤ä¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ç¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î disklabel¤ò¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì2¥³¥Ô¡¼ -¤Å¤Ä¥×¥ê¥ó¥È (Î㤨¤Ð disklabel sd0 | lpr ¤È¤¹¤ë) ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥× 2¤Ç¤Ï, boot ¤È fixit¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤Ë¤½¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤¹¤Ù -¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ¤â´Êñ¤Ê³Îǧ¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï, ¥Õ¥í¥Ã -¥Ô¡¼¤ò¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤·, ¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿ -¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¤¹¤Ù¤Æ´Þ¤Þ¤ì, µ¡Ç½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð, step 3¤ØÈô¤ó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¤é, ¤½¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ç¤­, -¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¤â¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤ë 2¼ïÎà¤Î¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤òºî¤ëɬÍ× -¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤Ë¤Ï fdisk(8), -disklabel(8), newfs(8), mount(8), ¤ÈÍøÍѤ·¤¿¤¤ -¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à -¤Ï¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -dump(8)¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤Ë restore(8)¤òÆþ¤ì -¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥× 3¤Ç¤Ï, Ä̾ï¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -ºÇ¿·¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Î¸å¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤¿Êѹ¹¤Ï²óÉü¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ë¥é¥¤¥È¥×¥í¥Æ¥¯¥È¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥× 4¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼ (boot.flp ¤È fixit.flp ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï -¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥× 2¤Çºî¤Ã¤¿2Ëç¤Î¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ç¤¹) ¤È¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Æ¡¼ -¥×¤Î¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¼ê½ç¤Î¥Î¡¼¥È¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤Î¥Î¡¼¥È¤Ï¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯,¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã -¥×¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤­¥×¥ê¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¥ê¥¹¥È¥¢¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ -¤è¤¦¤Ê»þ¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯ºøÍð¾õÂ֤Ǥ·¤ç¤¦¤«¤é¤³¤Î¥Î¡¼¥È¤Ï¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤òÇ˲õ¤· -¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤òËɤ°¤Î¤ËÌòΩ¤Ä¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦ (¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆÇ˲õ¤¹¤ë¤Ã¤Æ? -tar xvf /dev/rst0¤È¤¹¤ëÂؤê¤Ë¶öÁ³ tar cvf /dev/rst0 -¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Æ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ë¾å½ñ¤­¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó). - -ÌõÃí: ¾å½ñ¤­¤Ï¥é¥¤¥È¥×¥í¥Æ¥¯¥È¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤±¤ÐËɤ²¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤Ê¤ó¤é¤«¤Î¸¶°ø¤Ç -¥×¥í¥Æ¥¯¥È¤¬¤Ï¤º¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤ËÌõ¼Ô¤Î·Ð¸³¤«¤é¸À¤¨¤Ð¾å¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥ß¥¹¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ï·ë¹½µ¯¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

°ÂÁ´À­¤òÁý¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë, Ëè²ó¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤òºî¤ê,2´¬¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯ -¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò¼è¤ê¤Þ¤¹. °ìÊý¤òÎ¥¤ì¤¿¾ì½ê¤ËÊݴɤ·¤Þ¤¹. Î¥¤ì¤¿¾ì½ê¤ÏƱ¤¸ -·úʪ¤ÎÃϲ¼¼¼¤Ç¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. À¤³¦ËÇ°×¥»¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Ó¥ë¤Ë¤¢¤Ã¤¿¿ô¿¤¯¤Î²ñ¼Ò¤Ï -¶ì¤¤·Ð¸³¤è¤ê¤³¤Î¶µ·±¤òÆÀ¤Þ¤·¤¿. Î¥¤ì¤¿¾ì½ê¤È¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ä¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ -¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤«¤é¤«¤Ê¤êÎ¥¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ÆʪÍýŪ¤ËʬΥ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤òºî¤ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î°ìÎã - - #!/bin/sh - # - # create a restore floppy ¥ê¥¹¥È¥¢¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤ÎºîÀ® - # - # format the floppy ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È - # - PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin - - fdformat -q fd0 - if [ $? -ne 0 ] - then - echo "Bad floppy, please use a new one" - exit 1 - fi - - # place boot blocks on the floppy ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤Ë¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ò½ñ¤¯ - # - disklabel -w -B -b /usr/mdec/fdboot -s /usr/mdec/bootfd /dev/rfd0c fd1440 - - # - # newfs the one and only partition ¤¿¤À1¤Ä¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò newfs - # - newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -c 40 -i 5120 -m 5 -o space /dev/rfd0a - - # - # mount the new floppy ¿·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È - # - mount /dev/fd0a /mnt - - # - # create required directories ɬÍפʥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎºîÀ® - # - mkdir /mnt/dev - mkdir /mnt/bin - mkdir /mnt/sbin - mkdir /mnt/etc - mkdir /mnt/root - mkdir /mnt/mnt # for the root partition - mkdir /mnt/tmp - mkdir /mnt/var - - # - # populate the directories - # - # MINI¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ïºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹ - if [ ! -x /sys/compile/MINI/kernel ] - then - cat << EOM - The MINI kernel does not exist, please create one. - Here is an example config file: - # MINI¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î config file¤ÎÎã - # MINI -- A kernel to get FreeBSD on onto a disk. - # - machine "i386" - cpu "I486_CPU" - ident MINI - maxusers 5 - - options INET # needed for _tcp _icmpstat _ip -stat - # _udpstat _tcpstat _udb - options FFS #Berkeley Fast File System - options FAT_CURSOR #block cursor in syscons or pcc -ons - options SCSI_DELAY=15 #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI -device - options NCONS=2 #1 virtual consoles - options USERCONFIG #Allow user configuration with --c XXX - - config kernel root on sd0 swap on sd0 and sd1 dumps on sd0 - - controller isa0 - controller pci0 - - controller fdc0 at isa? port "IO_FD1" bio irq 6 drq 2 vector fdintr - disk fd0 at fdc0 drive 0 - - controller ncr0 - - controller scbus0 - - device sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr - device npx0 at isa? port "IO_NPX" irq 13 vector npxintr - - device sd0 - device sd1 - device sd2 - - device st0 - - pseudo-device loop # required by INET - pseudo-device gzip # Exec gzipped a.out's - EOM - exit 1 - fi - - cp -f /sys/compile/MINI/kernel /mnt - - gzip -c -best /sbin/init > /mnt/sbin/init - gzip -c -best /sbin/fsck > /mnt/sbin/fsck - gzip -c -best /sbin/mount > /mnt/sbin/mount - gzip -c -best /sbin/halt > /mnt/sbin/halt - gzip -c -best /sbin/restore > /mnt/sbin/restore - - gzip -c -best /bin/sh > /mnt/bin/sh - gzip -c -best /bin/sync > /mnt/bin/sync - - cp /root/.profile /mnt/root - - cp -f /dev/MAKEDEV /mnt/dev - chmod 755 /mnt/dev/MAKEDEV - - chmod 500 /mnt/sbin/init - chmod 555 /mnt/sbin/fsck /mnt/sbin/mount /mnt/sbin/halt - chmod 555 /mnt/bin/sh /mnt/bin/sync - chmod 6555 /mnt/sbin/restore - - # - # create the devices nodes ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Î¡¼¥É¤òºî¤ë - # - cd /mnt/dev - ./MAKEDEV std - ./MAKEDEV sd0 - ./MAKEDEV sd1 - ./MAKEDEV sd2 - ./MAKEDEV st0 - ./MAKEDEV pty0 - cd / - - # - # create minimum filesystem table ºÇ¾®¸Â¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë - # - cat > /mnt/etc/fstab < /mnt/etc/passwd < /mnt/etc/master.passwd < - - ºÒÆñ¤Î¸å¤Ë -

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¤½¤ì¤Ç¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ËÄ©À路¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤³¤Î¾Ï¤Ë¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬²¿¤ò¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥¬¥¤¥É¤¬ - ½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD ¤Ï, CD-ROM, ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯, ¼§µ¤¥Æ¡¼¥×, - MS-DOS¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Àܳ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤Ï - anonymous FTP ¤ä NFS ¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤É¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤â, ¤Þ¤º¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ - ¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ç¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î - ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, FreeBSD ¤È¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤È¤Î - ÁêÀ­¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë½ÅÍפʾðÊó¤ò¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­, ¤³¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ç¤Ï - ¤É¤ó¤Ê¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤â¤·¤â¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ anonymous FTP ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëͽÄê¤Ê¤é, - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤À¤±¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ì¤ÐOK¤Ç¤¹. - - FreeBSD¤ÎÇÛÉۤ˴ؤ¹¤ë¾ðÊó¤Ï, ÉÕÏ¿¤Î - ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - »Å»ö¤Ë¤È¤ê¤«¤«¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¼ê½ç¤òƧ¤ß¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¤³¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥¬¥¤¥É¤Î ¤ÎÀá¤òÆɤó¤Ç, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬ - FreeBSD ¤Ç¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹. SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤À¤È¤«, - ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤À¤È¤«, ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤À¤È¤«¤Î, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬ - ÁõÈ÷¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÆÃÊ̤ʥ«¡¼¥É¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤ÈÊØÍø¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î - ¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ï, ³ä¤ê¹þ¤ßÈÖ¹æ (IRQ) ¤È¤«, IO ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¤«¤Î, ¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë - ´Ø·¸¤¹¤ëÀßÄê¤â½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦.

- ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î - ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ë¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ö¥é¥¦¥¶¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤Ï, - display ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ save ¤òÁª¤Ö¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - Ãí°Õ: ¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤Ï, 1.44 ¥á¥¬¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î 3.5 ¥¤¥ó¥Á¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¤ß¤Ç»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹.

 - - ¤³¤Î¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤é¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹, - - MS-DOS¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç: - ¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤ì¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -E:\> tools\fdimage floppies\boot.flp a: - -¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï, A: ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤·¤¿¸å boot.flp ¤ÎÆâÍƤò½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹ -(¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï FreeBSD ¤ÎÇÛÉÛʪ¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤ª¤ê, ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸ -¤Ï floppies ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹).

 - - UNIX ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç: - -% dd if=boot.flp of=disk_device - -¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç, disk_device ¤Ï¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë -Âбþ¤¹¤ë /dev¤ÎÃæ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹. FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï, -/dev/fd0 ¤¬ A:¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë, /dev/fd1 ¤¬ B:¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë -Âбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹.

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- - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò A:¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ, ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ò -Ω¤Á¾å¤²Ä¾¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤È¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. - ->> FreeBSD BOOT ... -Usage: [[[0:][wd](0,a)]/kernel][-abcCdhrsv] -Use 1:sd(0,a)kernel to boot sd0 if it is BIOS drive 1 -Use ? for file list or press Enter for defaults -Boot: - - ¤³¤³¤Ç²¿¤â¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç, 5Éô֤ÎÂÔ¤Á»þ´Ö¤Î¸å¤Ë FreeBSD ¤Ï - ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤ÇΩ¤Á¾å¤¬¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Ω¤Á¾å¤²¤ÎºÝ, ¤É¤ó¤Ê - ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬ÁõÈ÷¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¸¡½Ð (¥×¥í¡¼¥Ö) ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î·ë²Ì¤Ï - ¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¾å¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹.

 - - Ω¤Á¾å¤²¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬½ªÎ»¤·¤¿¤é, FreeBSD ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤¬ - ɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - - -

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¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç, ¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Æ - Boot: ¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤­¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç, -c ¤ÈÂǤÁ¹þ¤ó¤Ç - ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤¦¤¹¤ë¤È, FreeBSD ¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥â¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ê¤ê, - ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¾ðÊó¤ò FreeBSD ¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î FreeBSD ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï, ¿¤¯¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î IRQ, - IO ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬¹©¾ì½Ð²Ù»þ¤ÎÃͤËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Æºî¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤â¤·¤â¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ÎÀßÄê¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤Ê¤é, -c - ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÇΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤Æ, ÀßÄ꤬¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¢¤²¤ë¤³¤È - ¤¬É¬Íפˤʤë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -

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config> ¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Ç, help - ¤ÈÂǤÁ¹þ¤à¤È, »ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾Ü¤·¤¤ÀâÌÀ¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢ÀßÄê¤Ë¹ç¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤é, - config> ¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬½Ð¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç quit ¤ÈÂǤÁ¹þ¤ó¤Ç, - ¿·¤·¤¤ÀßÄê¤Ç¥Þ¥·¥ó¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤Þ¤¹. - - FreeBSD ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬¤Ò¤È¤¿¤Ó½ªÎ»¤·¤¿¸å¤Ï, ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥â¡¼¥É - ¤Ç¤ÎÊѹ¹¤Ï¤º¤Ã¤ÈÊÝ»ý¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, Ω¤Á¾å¤²¤Î¤¿¤Ó¤ËÀßÄêÊѹ¹¤ò¤¹¤ëɬÍ×¤Ï - ¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤ò¹â¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, - ¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºî¤ë¤Î¤¬¹¥¤Þ¤·¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎºîÀ®¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï, - - ¤Î¾Ï¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÀßÄê°ìÍ÷ - -

¸½ºß FreeBSD ¤Ï, ISA, VL, EISA, PCI ¥Ð¥¹¤ä, 386SX ¤«¤é Pentium ¥¯¥é¥¹ - ¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¼ïÎà¤Î PC ¤ÇÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹ (386SX¤Ï¤ª¤¹¤¹¤á¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó). - IDE, ESDI¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ä, ¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥«¡¼¥É¤ä - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë¤âÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - FreeBSD ¤òÁö¤é¤»¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ºÇÄã 4¥á¥¬¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î RAM ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. X Window System ¤ò - Áö¤é¤»¤ë¤Ë¤ÏºÇÄã¤Ç¤â 8¥á¥¬¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î RAM ¤¬¿ä¾©¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - °Ê²¼¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤ÇÆ°ºî¤¬³Îǧ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - ¤ä¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. ¾¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤â¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤È - »×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤Ë¤Ï¾ðÊó¤ÏÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - -

- - WD1003 (¤¢¤é¤æ¤ë MFM/RLL) - WD1007 (¤¢¤é¤æ¤ë IDE/ESDI) - IDE - ATA - - Adaptec 1505 ISA SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - Adaptec 152x ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º ISA SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - Adaptec 1535 ISA SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - Adaptec 154x ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º ISA SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - Adaptec 174x ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º EISA SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - (¥¹¥¿¥ó¥À¡¼¥É, ¥¨¥ó¥Ï¥ó¥¹¥É¥â¡¼¥É) - Adaptec 274x/284x/2940/2940U/3940 - (Narrow/Wide/Twin) - ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º EISA/VLB/PCI SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - Adaptec AIC7850 ¥ª¥ó¥Ü¡¼¥É SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - Adaptec - - AIC-6360·Ï¤Î¥Ü¡¼¥É - AHA-152x ¤ä SoundBlaster SCSI ¤Ê¤É¤¬¤³¤ì¤Ë¤¢¤¿¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - Ãí°Õ: Soundblaster ¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ï, ¥ª¥ó¥Ü¡¼¥É BIOS - ¤¬ºÜ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤Î¥«¡¼¥É¤«¤é¤Ï FreeBSD ¤òµ¯Æ°¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¥ª¥ó¥Ü¡¼¥É BIOS ¤È¤Ï, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à BIOS ¤Î I/O ¥Ù¥¯¥¿¤Ë¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò - ÅÐÏ¿¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤ËɬÍפʤâ¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï³°Éô¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤«, - CD-ROM ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤«¤½¤Î¾¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï½½Ê¬ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹. - Ʊ¤¸¤³¤È¤Ï, ¥Ö¡¼¥È ROM ¤ÎºÜ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ AIC-6x60 ·Ï¤Î¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë¤â¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¥Ö¡¼¥È ROM ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤ì¤ÏÅŸ»¤òÆþ¤ì¤ë¤«¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤¿¤È¤­, ºÇ½é¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ä¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Î²òÀâ½ñ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - Buslogic 545S & 545c - Ãí°Õ: Buslogic¼Ò¤Ï¸Å¤¯¤Ï Bustek¼Ò¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. - Buslogic 445S/445c VL¥Ð¥¹ SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - Buslogic 742A, 747S, 747c EISA SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é. - Buslogic 946c PCI SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - Buslogic 956c PCI SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - - NCR 53C810 , 53C825 PCI SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é. - NCR5380/NCR53400 (``ProAudio Spectrum'') SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é. - - DTC 3290 EISA SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é (1542 ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó) - - UltraStor 14F, 24F, 34F SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é. - - Seagate ST01/02 SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é. - - Future Domain 8xx/950 ¥·¥ê¡¼¥º SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é. - - WD7000 SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é. - - - - ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ç, ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯, ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö - (´Þ¤à DAT), CD-ROM ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ê¤É¤Î¼þÊÕµ¡´ï¤È¤ÎÄÌ¿®¤Ë SCSI-I, - SCSI-II ¤¬ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹. - - ¸½ºß, ¼¡¤Ë¤¢¤²¤ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î CD-ROM ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Þ¤¹. - - Soundblaster SCSI , ProAudio Spectrum SCSI (cd) - ¥ß¥Ä¥ß (Á´¥â¥Ç¥ë) Æȼ«¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ (mcd) - ¾¾²¼ / Panasonic (Creative) - CR-562/CR-563 ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ (matcd) - ¥½¥Ë¡¼ ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ (scd) - ATAPI IDE ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ - (¤Þ¤À¤Þ¤À¤ª»î¤·Ãʳ¬¤Ç, ¥¯¥ª¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ÏÄ㤤¤Ç¤¹) - (wcd) - - - ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É - -

- - - Allied-Telesis AT1700, RE2000 ¥«¡¼¥É - - SMC Elite 16 WD8013 Ethernet ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹, - ¤½¤Î¾¿¤¯¤Î WD8003E, WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, - WD8003S, WD8003SBT ¤ä WD8013EBT¤Ê¤É¤Î¸ß´¹ÉÊ. - SMC Elite Ultra ¤â¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - DEC EtherWORKS III ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¥«¡¼¥É (DE203, DE204, DE205) - DEC EtherWORKS II ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¥«¡¼¥É (DE200, DE201, DE202, DE422) - DEC DC21040/DC21041/DC21140 ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¥«¡¼¥É: - - ASUS PCI-L101-TB - Accton ENI1203 - Cogent EM960PCI - Compex CPXPCI/32C - D-Link DE-530 - DEC DE435 - Danpex EN-9400P3 - JCIS Condor JC1260 - Linksys EtherPCI - Mylex LNP101 - SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332) - SMC EtherPower (Model 8432) - SMC EtherPower (2) - Zynx ZX342 - - DEC FDDI (DEFPA/DEFEA) ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¥«¡¼¥É - - ÉÙ»ÎÄÌ FMV-181, FMV-182 - - ÉÙ»ÎÄÌ MB86960A/MB86965A - - Intel EtherExpress - - Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B 100Mbit. - - Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit) - Isolink 4110 (8 bit) - - Novell NE1000, NE2000, NE2100 ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ - - 3Com 3C501 ¥«¡¼¥É - - 3Com 3C503 Etherlink II - - 3Com 3c505 Etherlink/+ - - 3Com 3C507 Etherlink 16/TP - - 3Com 3C509, 3C579, 3C589 (PCMCIA) Etherlink III - - 3Com 3C590, 3C595 Etherlink III - - HP PC Lan Plus (27247B ¤È 27252A) - - Åì¼Ç ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É - - IBM , National Semiconductor¼Ò PCMCIA - ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤â¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -

Ãí°Õ: FreeBSD ¤Ïº£¤Î¤È¤³¤í, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤Î - PnP (¥×¥é¥°&¥×¥ì¥¤) µ¡Ç½¤Ë¤ÏÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤â¤· PnP ¤ÇÌäÂ꤬µ¯¤³¤ë - ¤è¤¦¤Ç¤·¤¿¤é, PnP µ¡Ç½¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ - -

- - AST 4 ¥Ý¡¼¥È ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É (¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É IRQ »ÈÍÑ) - - ARNET 8 ¥Ý¡¼¥È ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É (¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É IRQ »ÈÍÑ) - - BOCA IOAT66 6 ¥Ý¡¼¥È ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É (¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É IRQ »ÈÍÑ) - - BOCA 2016 16 ¥Ý¡¼¥È ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É (¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É IRQ »ÈÍÑ) - - Cyclades Cyclom-y ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ü¡¼¥É - - STB 4 ¥Ý¡¼¥È ¥«¡¼¥É (¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É IRQ »ÈÍÑ) - - SDL Communications Riscom/8 ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ü¡¼¥É - - SDL Communications RISCom/N2 ¤È N2pci Ʊ´ü¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É - - Digiboard Sync/570i high-speed Ʊ´ü¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É - - Decision-Computer Intl. "Eight-Serial" 8 ¥Ý¡¼¥È¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É - (¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É IRQ »ÈÍÑ) - - Adlib, SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, - ProAudioSpectrum, Gravis UltraSound, Gravis UltraSound MAX - Roland MPU-401 ¤Ê¤É¤Î¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É - - Matrox Meteor video ¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¥°¥é¥Ð¡¼ - - Creative Labs Video spigot ¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¥°¥é¥Ð¡¼ - - Omnimedia Talisman ¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¥°¥é¥Ð¡¼ - - X-10 power ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - - PC ¥¸¥ç¥¤¥¹¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤ª¤è¤Ó¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥« - - FreeBSD ¤Ïº£¤Î¤È¤³¤í, IBM¼Ò¤Î¥Þ¥¤¥¯¥í¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã (MCA) ¥Ð¥¹¤Ë¤Ï - Âбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Î²¼½àÈ÷ - -

FreeBSD ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëÊýË¡¤Ï¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëÊýË¡¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê²¼½àÈ÷¤¬É¬Íפ«¤ò¤³¤ì¤«¤éÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - CD-ROM ¤«¤é¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë - -

¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î CD-ROM ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - - ¤ËÈô¤ó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - Walnut Creek ¤Î FreeBSD CD-ROM ¤«¤é¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, Â礷¤¿²¼½àÈ÷ - ¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤â¤¦¤Þ¤¯¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦ (¤½¤Î¾¤Î CD-ROM - ¤Ç¤â¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤¯¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤¬, ¤½¤Î CD-ROM ¤¬¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æºî¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«, »ä¤¿¤Á - ¤Ï¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç³Î¼Â¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¤Þ¤»¤ó). - Walnut Creek ¤Î CD-ROM ¤Ë¼ýÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë, ``install.bat'' ¤ÇľÀÜ FreeBSD - ¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤·, ``makeflp.bat'' ¤Ç¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò - ¤Ä¤¯¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. [Ãí°Õ: ¤â¤· FreeBSD 2.1-RELEASE ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ - IDE CD-ROM ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, install.bat ¤Î¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë - inst_ide.bat ¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï atapiflp.bat ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ] - - DOS ¤«¤éºÇ¤â³Ú¤Ê¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï ``view'' ¤ÈÂǤÁ¹þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤È DOS ¤Ç¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤¬Î©¤Á¾å¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ²Äǽ¤Ê¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤òÁªÂò¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ UNIX ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¤ò»²¹Í¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - DOS ¤«¤é, ¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤«¤éµ¯Æ°¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤È, - ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼ ``Media'' ¤«¤é, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤È¤·¤Æ CDROM ¤ò - ÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, ÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¾¤Î¼ïÎà¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤ÏÉÔÍפʤϤº¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬¤¹¤Ù¤Æ½ªÎ»¤·¤Æ, ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤«¤éµ¯Æ° - ¤·¤Ê¤ª¤·¤Æ¤«¤é¤Ï, mount /cdrom ¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë - ¤³¤È¤Ç¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â CD-ROM ¤Î¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - CD-ROM ¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹Á°¤Ë¤Ï umount /cdrom ¤ÈÂǤÁ¹þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ - ¤³¤È¤ò³Ð¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ñ½ã¤Ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤«¤é¼è¤ê½Ð¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë! - - ÆÃÊ̤ÊÃí°Õ: ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ËÆþ¤ëÁ°¤Ë, - CD-ROM ¤ò¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤¬Î©¤Á¾å¤¬¤ë - ¤È¤­¤Ë CD-ROM ¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. CD-ROM ¤ò - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ä¤±²Ã¤¨¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤â CD-ROM ¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹ - (¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤È¤·¤Æ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë CDROM ¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤âƱÍÍ). - - - ¤ª¤ï¤ê¤Ë, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î CD-ROM ¤òľÀܻȤäÆ, FTP ·Ðͳ¤ÇÊ̤Υޥ·¥ó¤Ë - FreeBSD ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤»¤¿¤¤¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤ä¤êÊý¤Ï´Êñ¤Ç¤¹. - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬½ªÎ»¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë, vipw ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, - passwd ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë°Ê²¼¤Î¹Ô¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹. - - -ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent - - - ¤³¤¦¤¹¤ë¤È¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Àܳ¤Ç¤­¤ë¿Í (¤½¤·¤Æ, - login µö²Ä¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í) ¤Ï, ¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¥¿¥¤¥×¤È¤·¤Æ FTP ¤òÁªÂò¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë - ¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï, FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤ÎÁªÂò¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤«¤é ``Other'' ¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Æ, - ftp://¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ - ¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤«¤é¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ÎÁ°¤Ë - -

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NFS ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯Ã±½ãÌÀ²ò¤Ç¤¹. FreeBSD ¤ÎÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò - ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¹¥¤­¤Ê¾ì½ê¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ, ¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢ÁªÂò¤Ç NFS ¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤â¤·¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬ ``privileged (Æø¢) ¥Ý¡¼¥È'' ¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Î¤ß¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È - ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, (Sun ¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Îɸ½à¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹) - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò¿Ê¤á¤ëÁ°¤Ë Options ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Æ, ``privileged - port'' ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤¬°­¤¯¤Æ, žÁ÷®ÅÙ¤¬ÃÙ¤¯¤Æº¤¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤â, - ŬÅö¤Ê Options ¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤È¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - NFS ·Ðͳ¤Ç¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤â - ´Þ¤á¤¿¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬Âбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, - FreeBSD &rel.current; ¤ÎÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ - ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD - ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, ¥Þ¥·¥ó ziggy ¤Ç¤Ï /usr ¤ä - /usr/archive/stuff ¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, - /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD ¤ÎľÀÜ¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë - ¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - FreeBSD ¤Î /etc/exports ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ï - ``-alldirs'' ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÀ©¸æ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¾¤Î NFS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¾ì¹ç¤À¤È¤Þ¤¿Ï䬰ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤â¤·¤â¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤«¤é `Permission Denied' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬ - Ê֤äƤ¯¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤·¤¿¤é, ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤ò¤Á¤ã¤ó¤È - Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - FTP ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î²¼½àÈ÷ - -

FTP ·Ðͳ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ï, FreeBSD &rel.current; ¤ÎºÇ¿·¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò - ¥ß¥é¡¼¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤É¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é¤Ç¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. À¤³¦Ãæ¤ÎÂÅÅö¤Ê FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î - ÁªÂò»è¤ò¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ëʤ٤Ƥª¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - ¤³¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤Â¾¤Î FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - ¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ä, ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê¤ËÌäÂ꤬À¸¤¸¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ç¥µ¥¤¥È ``Other'' ¤òÁª¤Ö¤È¤³¤í¤Ç, ¤ª¹¥¤ß¤Î - URL ¤Ç¥µ¥¤¥È¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. URL ¤È¤·¤ÆľÀÜ IP - ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤â¤è¤¯, ľÀÜ»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð - ¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â FTP ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, - -ftp://192.216.222.4/pub/FreeBSD/&rel.current;-RELEASE - - ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê´¶¤¸¤Ç¤¹¤Í. - - FTP ·Ðͳ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥â¡¼¥É¤È¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬ - »ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹: - - - FTP Active - - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î FTP žÁ÷¤ÎºÝ¤Ë ``Active'' ¥â¡¼¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥¢¥¦¥©¡¼¥ëÆâÉô¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, - passive ¥â¡¼¥É¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¸Å¤¤ FTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç¤â - Æ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. passive ¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Î FTP žÁ÷ (¤³¤Á¤é¤¬ - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤¹) ¤¬¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï, active ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - FTP Passive - - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î FTP žÁ÷¤ÎºÝ¤Ë ``Passive'' ¥â¡¼¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, ¥é¥ó¥À¥à¥Ý¡¼¥È¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥¤¥ó¤ò - µö¤µ¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥¢¥¦¥©¡¼¥ë¤ò±Û¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - - Ãí°Õ: Active, passive ¥â¡¼¥É¤Ï `proxy' - Àܳ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó! proxy FTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï FTP Í×µá - ¤ò¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¼ÂºÝ¤Î FTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ØžÁ÷¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Ä̾ï proxy FTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤Î°ìÉô¤È¤·¤Æ - @ µ­¹æ¤Ë³¤¤¤Æ¼ÂºÝ¤ËÀܳ¤·¤¿¤¤¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î̾¾Î¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬ - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤È proxy ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÏËÜÅö¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¡Ö¤Õ¤ê¡× - ¤ò¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð: ftp.freebsd.org ¤«¤é ¥Ý¡¼¥ÈÈÖ¹æ - 1234 ¤ÇÍ×µá¤òÂÔ¤Ä proxy FTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð foo.bar.com ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤Ï, ¡Ö¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¡×¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ç FTP username ¤ò - ftp@ftp.freebsd.org, ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤È¤·¤Æ¼«Ê¬¤ÎÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ - ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤È¤·¤Æ FTP (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï proxy - ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð passive FTP), URL ¤ò°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹: - -ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD - - ftp.freebsd.org ¤Î /pub/FreeBSD ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë FTP Í×µá¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï - foo.bar.com ¤¬ÂåÍý¤Ç½èÍý¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê, ¡Ö¤à¤³¤¦¡× - ¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹ (¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë»þ - ¤ÎÍ×µá¤Ë¤è¤ê ftp.freebsd.org ¤«¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤â¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹). - - FreeBSD ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - -

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- - &a.asami - &a.iwasaki - &a.yoshiaki - &a.kanou - &a.koga - &a.saeki - &a.hanai - &a.nao - &a.kiroh - &a.hino - &a.yuki - - - ¥Ä¡¼¥ëºîÀ®¼Ô - -

- - &a.katsu - &a.iwasaki - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/jmembers.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/jmembers.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 219c109..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/jmembers.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -"> - - - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - - - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> - -"> diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kerberos.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kerberos.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 7cd7eeb..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kerberos.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,492 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Kerberos - -

¸¶ºî: &a.markm; (&a.md; ¤«¤é¤Î´ó¹Æ¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹). - - Ìõ: &a.arimura;. - - Kerberos¤Ï, ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬°ÂÁ´¤Ëǧ¾Ú¤ò¼õ¤±¤é¤ì¤ë - ¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ÎÉղå·¥¹¥Æ¥àµÚ¤Ó¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ç¤¹. - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥í¥°¥¤¥ó, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥³¥Ô¡¼, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´Ö¤Ç¤Î°ÂÁ´¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥³¥Ô - ¡¼¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥ê¥¹¥¯¤Î¹â¤¤»Å»ö¤¬¤«¤Ê¤ê°ÂÁ´¤Ë, ¤½¤·¤Æ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤è¤êÀ©¸æ - ¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - °Ê²¼¤Îʸ¾Ï¤Ï, FreeBSDÍѤȤ·¤ÆÇÛÉÛ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëKerberos¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥× - ¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Î¥¬¥¤¥É¤È¤·¤ÆÆɤळ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤·¤«¤·, ´°Á´¤ÊÀâÌÀ¤¬É¬Íפʾì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÆɤó¤ÀÊý¤¬¤è¤¤ - ¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - FreeBSD¤ÎKerberos¤Ï, ¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î4.4BSD-Lite¤ÎÇÛÉۤ˴ޤޤì¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, FreeBSD 1.1.5.1¤Î¤È¤­¤Ë°Ü¿¢¤µ¤ì¤¿eBones¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥¢¥á¥ê¥«/¥«¥Ê¥À¤Î³°¤ÇºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤³¤ì¤é°Ê³°¤Î¹ñ¤Î¿Í¡¹¤Ë¤â - ¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤é¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¹çˡŪ¤ÊÇÛÉÛʪ¤È¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤â - ¤·¤¯¤Ï¥«¥Ê¥À¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤È, ¤½¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤¬ÂçÊѤÊÌäÂê¤Ë´¬¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¹çˡŪ¤ÊÇÛÉÛ¤Ï, Æ¥Õ¥ê¥«¤Îskeleton.mikom.csir.co.za¤«¤é - Æþ¼ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - ½é´ü¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎºîÀ® - -

¤³¤Îºî¶È¤ÏKerberos¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤À¤±¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤º, ¸Å¤¤Kerberos¤Î - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê/etc/kerberosIV¤Ë°Ü¤Ã¤Æ, ¼¡¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤À¤±¤¬ - ¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - -grunt# cd /etc/kerberosIV -grunt# ls -README krb.conf krb.realms - - -

¤â¤·Â¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (principal.*¤ämaster_key) ¤¬ - ¸ºß¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, kdb_destroy¤È¤¤¤¦¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¸Å¤¤ - Kerberos¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ò¾Ã¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - Kerberos¤¬Áö¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, ñ¤Ërm¤Ç;·×¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¾Ã¤» - ¤Ð¤è¤¤¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤Þ¤º, krb.conf¤Èkrb.realms¤òÊÔ½¸¤·¤ÆKerberos¤Î - ´ÉÍýÎΰè (realm) ¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï´ÉÍýÎΰ褬GRONDAR.ZA - ¤Ç, ¥µ¡¼¥Ð̾¤¬grunt.grondar.za¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - krb.conf¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊÔ½¸¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - -grunt# cat krb.conf -GRONDAR.ZA -GRONDAR.ZA grunt.grondar.za admin server -CS.BERKELEY.EDU okeeffe.berkeley.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-1.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-2.mit.edu -ATHENA.MIT.EDU kerberos-3.mit.edu -LCS.MIT.EDU kerberos.lcs.mit.edu -TELECOM.MIT.EDU bitsy.mit.edu -ARC.NASA.GOV trident.arc.nasa.gov - - -

¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¾¤Î´ÉÍýÎΰè¤Ï, ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤ÏɬÍפ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤³¤ÎÎã¤ÏÊ£¿ô¤Î´ÉÍýÎΰè¤òǧ¼±¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤ò¼¨¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤Î¤Ç, - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¹Ô¤Ï´Þ¤á¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â·ë¹½¤Ç¤¹. - - 1¹ÔÌܤϤ³¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë´ÉÍýÎΰè¤Î̾Á°¤Ç¤¹. - ¾¤Î¹Ô¤Ï´ÉÍýÎΰè¤È¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹. - ¹Ô¤Î1¤Ä¤á¤Îñ¸ì¤¬´ÉÍýÎΰè¤Ç, 2¤Ä¤á¤¬¤½¤Î´ÉÍýÎΰè¤ÎÃæ¤Ç - ``¸°ÇÛÉÛ¥»¥ó¥¿¡¼''(Key Distribution Center) ¤È¤·¤ÆƯ¤¯¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Ç¤¹. - ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Î¼¡¤Ë ``admin server'' ¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬ - ``´ÉÍý¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥µ¡¼¥Ð''(Administrative Database Server) ¤âÄó¶¡ - ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Îñ¸ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¾Ü¤·¤¯ÃΤꤿ¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ÏKerberos¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë - ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¤³¤³¤Ç, GRONDAR.ZA¤È¤¤¤¦´ÉÍýÎΰè¤Ëgrunt.grondar.za - ¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤Î¾¤Î.grondar.za¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤òÄɲä· - ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. krb.realms¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - - - grunt# cat krb.realms - grunt.grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA - .grondar.za GRONDAR.ZA - .berkeley.edu CS.BERKELEY.EDU - .MIT.EDU ATHENA.MIT.EDU - .mit.edu ATHENA.MIT.EDU - - -

¤â¤¦°ìÅÙÃí°Õ¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¾¤Î´ÉÍýÎΰè¤ò½ñ¤¯É¬ÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÏÊ£¿ô¤Î´ÉÍýÎΰè¤òǧ¼±¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ëÊýË¡¤ò - ¼¨¤·¤¿Îã¤Ç¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¹Ô¤Ï¾Ã¤·¤Æ¹½¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - 1¹ÔÌܤÏ̾Á°¤ò¤Ä¤±¤¿´ÉÍýÎΰè¤ËÆÃÄê¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò´Þ¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î - ¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. »Ä¤ê¤Î¹Ô¤Ï̾Á°¤ò¤Ä¤±¤¿´ÉÍýÎΰè¤Ë¥µ¥Ö¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò´Þ¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤³¤ì¤Ç¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë½àÈ÷¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤ÎÁàºî¤ÏKerberos - ¥µ¡¼¥Ð (¸°ÇÛÉÛ¥»¥ó¥¿¡¼) ¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. kdb_init¥³ - ¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - -grunt# kdb_init -Realm name [default ATHENA.MIT.EDU ]: GRONDAR.ZA -You will be prompted for the database Master Password. -It is important that you NOT FORGET this password. - -Enter Kerberos master key: - - -

¤³¤³¤Ç¸°¤òÊݸ¤·¤Æ, ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¼è¤ê½Ð¤»¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤Ë¤Ïkstash¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - -grunt# kstash - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! - - -

¤³¤ì¤Ç°Å¹æ²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤¬ - /etc/kerberosIV/master_key¤ËÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤¬Æ°¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄê - -

Kerberos¤òƳÆþ¤¹¤ë¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë, 2¤Ä - ¤Îprincipal (¼çÂÎ̾) ¤òÄɲ乤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î̾Á°¤Ï - kpasswd¤Èrcmd¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é2¤Ä¤Îprincipal¤Ï, ¸Ä¡¹ - ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à̾¤ÈƱ¤¸Ì¾Á°¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¿¥ó¥¹¤ÈÁȤˤ·¤ÆºîÀ® - ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Îkpasswd¤Èrcmd¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ¾¤Î - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤«¤éKerberos¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤ê, rcp¤ä - rlogin, rsh¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤ê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è - ¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤½¤ì¤Ç¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦: - - -grunt# kdb_edit -Opening database... - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Previous or default values are in [brackets] , -enter return to leave the same, or new value. - -Principal name: passwd -Instance: grunt - -, Create [y] ? y - -Principal: passwd, Instance: grunt, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- ¤³¤³¤Ï¡ÖRANDOM¡×¤ÈÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ -Verifying password - -New Password: <---- ¤³¤³¤Ï¡ÖRANDOM¡×¤ÈÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ - -Random password [y] ? y - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: rcmd -Instance: grunt - -, Create [y] ? - -Principal: rcmd, Instance: grunt, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- ¤³¤³¤Ï¡ÖRANDOM¡×¤ÈÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ -Verifying password - -New Password: <---- ¤³¤³¤Ï¡ÖRANDOM¡×¤ÈÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ - -Random password [y] ? - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: <---- ²¿¤âÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤È½ªÎ»¤·¤Þ¤¹ - - - - ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºîÀ® - -

¼¡¤Ë, ³Æ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¿¥ó¥¹ - ¤òŸ³«¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ïext_srvtab¤È¤¤¤¦¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ - ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÇºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï, Kerberos¤Î³Æ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó - ¥È¤Î/etc/kerberosIV¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë°ÂÁ´¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç¥³¥Ô¡¼¤Þ¤¿¤Ï - °ÜÆ°¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¥¯¥é - ¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤º, ¤Þ¤¿Kerberos¤Î±¿ÍѤˤª¤¤¤Æ½ÅÍפʤâ - ¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - - -grunt# ext_srvtab grunt - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Generating 'grunt-new-srvtab'.... - - -

¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï°ì»þŪ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò¤¹¤Ù - ¤Æ¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬Æɤá¤ë¤è¤¦¤Êsrvtab¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¤Ê - ¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. mv¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ë°ÜÆ° - ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -grunt# mv grunt-new-srvtab srvtab - - -

¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ËÇۤ뤿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤¬°ÂÁ´¤Ç - ¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, <client>-new-srvtab¤ò°ÜÆ° - ²Äǽ¤Ê¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤ÆʪÍýŪ¤Ë°ÂÁ´¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç±¿¤ó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¥¯¥é - ¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î/etc/kerberosIV¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç, ̾Á°¤ò - srvtab¤ËÊѹ¹¤·, mode¤ò600¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ò˺¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - -grumble# mv grumble-new-srvtab srvtab -grumble# chmod 600 srvtab - - - - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÄɲà - -

¤³¤³¤Ç, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÄɲ乤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - »Ï¤á¤Ë, ¥æ¡¼¥¶jane¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - kdb_edit¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËºîÀ®¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - -grunt# kdb_edit -Opening database... - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Previous or default values are in [brackets] , -enter return to leave the same, or new value. - -Principal name: jane -Instance: - -, Create [y] ? y - -Principal: jane, Instance: , kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- °ÂÁ´¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ -Verifying password - -New Password: <---- ¤â¤¦°ìÅ٥ѥ¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: <---- ²¿¤âÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤È½ªÎ»¤·¤Þ¤¹ - - - - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Æ¥¹¥È - -

¤Þ¤º»Ï¤á¤ËKerberos¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - /etc/sysconfig¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÀµ¤·¤¯ÊÔ½¸¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤òºÆ - µ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤Ë¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤¬µ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ÏKerberos¥µ¡¼ - ¥Ð¤Ç¤Î¤ßɬÍפǤ¹. Kerberos¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ï/etc/kerberosIV¤« - ¤éɬÍפʤâ¤Î¤ò¼«Æ°Åª¤ËÆþ¼ê¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - -grunt# kerberos & -grunt# Kerberos server starting - Sleep forever on error - Log file is /var/log/kerberos.log -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1 -Local realm: GRONDAR.ZA -grunt# kadmind -n & -grunt# KADM Server KADM0.0A initializing -Please do not use 'kill -9' to kill this job, use a -regular kill instead - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! - - -

¤µ¤¢, ¤³¤ì¤Ç¾å¤ÇºîÀ®¤·¤¿jane¤È¤¤¤¦ID¤Î¥Á¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò - kinit¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÇÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹: - - -grunt$ kinit jane -MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) -Kerberos Initialization for "jane" -Password: - - -

klist¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ò¸«¤Æ, ¤­¤Á¤ó¤È¥Á¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ - ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - -grunt$ klist -Ticket file: /tmp/tkt245 -Principal: jane@GRONDAR.ZA - - Issued Expires Principal -Apr 30 11:23:22 Apr 30 19:23:22 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA - - -

passwd¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ, kpasswd¥Ç¡¼¥â - ¥ó¤¬Kerberos¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÂФ·¤Æǧ¾Ú¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ - ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - - -grunt$ passwd -realm GRONDAR.ZA -Old password for jane: -New Password for jane: -Verifying password -New Password for jane: -Password changed. - - - - suÆø¢¤ÎÄɲà - -

root¸¢¸Â¤¬É¬Íפʥ桼¥¶¤Ïï¤Ç¤â, su¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¥Ñ¥¹ - ¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¥æ¡¼¥¶Ëè¤ËÊ̤Τâ¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - root¤Ësu¤Ç¤­¤ë¸¢Íø¤òÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿id¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, principal¤ËÉÕ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ëroot¤È¤¤¤¦¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¿¥ó¥¹¤Ë - ¤è¤Ã¤ÆÀ©¸æ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. kdb_edit¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ - jane.root¤È¤¤¤¦¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òKerberos¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - -grunt# kdb_edit -Opening database... - -Enter Kerberos master key: - -Current Kerberos master key version is 1. - -Master key entered. BEWARE! -Previous or default values are in [brackets] , -enter return to leave the same, or new value. - -Principal name: jane -Instance: root - -, Create [y] ? y - -Principal: jane, Instance: root, kdc_key_ver: 1 -New Password: <---- °ÂÁ´¤Ê¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþ¤ì¤Þ¤¹ -Verifying password - -New Password: <---- ¤â¤¦°ì²ó¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþ¤ì¤Þ¤¹ - -Principal's new key version = 1 -Expiration date (enter yyyy-mm-dd) [ 2000-01-01 ] ? -Max ticket lifetime (*5 minutes) [ 255 ] ? 12 <--- ¤³¤³¤Ïû¤¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ -Attributes [ 0 ] ? -Edit O.K. -Principal name: <---- ²¿¤âÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¤È½ªÎ»¤·¤Þ¤¹ - - -

¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ò¤â¤é¤Ã¤Æ, ¤Á¤ã¤ó¤ÈƯ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦: - - -grunt# kinit jane.root -MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) -Kerberos Initialization for "jane.root" -Password: - - -

¤³¤³¤Çroot¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î.klogin¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÄɲ乤ëɬÍפ¬ - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -grunt# cat /root/.klogin -jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA - - -

su¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦: - - -[jane@grunt 10407] su -Password: -grunt# - - - ¤É¤Î¥È¡¼¥¯¥ó¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¸«¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦: - - -grunt# klist -Ticket file: /tmp/tkt_root_245 -Principal: jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA - - Issued Expires Principal -May 2 20:43:12 May 3 04:43:12 krbtgt.GRONDAR.ZA@GRONDAR.ZA - - - - ¾¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î»ÈÍÑ - -

¤³¤³¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, jane¤È¤¤¤¦principal¤òroot¤È¤¤ - ¤¦¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¿¥ó¥¹ÉÕ¤­¤ÇºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÈƱ¤¸Ì¾Á°¤òprincipal¤È - ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê, Kerberos¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÃͤǤ¹; - <username>.root¤È¤¤¤¦·Á¼°¤Î - <principal>.<instance>¤Ç, ɬÍפʥ¨¥ó¥È - ¥ê¤¬root¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î.klogin¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë - ¤¢¤ì¤Ð, <username>¤¬root¤Ësu¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ - ¤¹. - - -grunt# cat /root/.klogin -jane.root@GRONDAR.ZA - - -

ƱÍͤË, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î.klogin¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¼¡¤Î - ¤è¤¦¤Ê¹Ô¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï: - - -[jane@grunt 10543] cat ~/.klogin -jane@GRONDAR.ZA -jack@GRONDAR.ZA - - -

jane¤Þ¤¿¤Ïjack¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Ç (Á°½Ò¤Îkinit - ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ) ǧ¾Ú¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëGRONDAR.ZA¤È¤¤¤¦´ÉÍýÎΰè¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶ - ¤Ê¤éï¤Ç¤ârlogin¤ärsh, rcpÅù¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤³ - ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à (grunt) ¤Îjane¤Î¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - Î㤨¤Ð, Jane¤¬Â¾¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËKerberos¤òÍѤ¤¤Ælogin¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - -[jane@grumble 573] kinit -MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) -Password: -[jane@grumble 574] rlogin grunt -Last login: Mon May 1 21:14:47 from grumble -Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 - The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. - -FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - -[jane@grunt 10567] - - -

¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, Jack¤¬Æ±¤¸¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ÎJane¤Î¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ëlogin¤·¤Þ¤¹. Jane¤Ï - .klogin¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÁ°½Ò¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤ê, - Kerberos¤Ç¤Ïjack¤È¤¤¤¦principal¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¿¥ó¥¹¤Ê¤·¤ÇÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¢ - ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -[jack@grumble 573] kinit -[jack@grumble 574] rlogin grunt -l jane -MIT Project Athena (grunt.grondar.za) -Password: -Last login: Mon May 1 21:16:55 from grumble -Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 - The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. - -FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - -[jane@grunt 10578] - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kernelconfig.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kernelconfig.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 36dd1f1..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kernelconfig.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1252 +0,0 @@ - - - - - FreeBSD¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - -

¸¶ºî: &a.jehamby;. 6 October 1995. - -

Ìõ: - &a.tomo;, - &a.yoshiaki;. - 2 November 1996. - - ¤³¤Î¾Ï¤Ï¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤»¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎºÆ¹½ÃۤδðÁäˤĤ¤¤Æ - ½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¾Ï¤Ï, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¤Î½é¿´¼Ô¤«¤é - Unix¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ê·Ð¸³¤òÀѤó¤À¿Í¤Þ¤Ç¤òÂоݤȤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤Ê¤¼¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºî¤ë¤«? - -

¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤»¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¹½ÃۤϤ¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î - Unix¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô¤¬ - Èò¤±¤ÆÄ̤뤳¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤ºÇ¤â½ÅÍפÊÄ̲ᵷÎé¤Î1¤Ä¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤Îºî¶È¤Ï, ¿¤¯¤Î»þ´Ö¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î FreeBSD - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¿¤¯¤ÎÍø±×¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤Þ¤¹. GENERIC¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï, - ¤á¤Ã¤¿¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ê¤¤¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¤È¤â¤Ë, - ¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î SCSI¥«¡¼¥É¤ä¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥«¡¼¥É¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È - ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤»¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î PC ¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¤ß¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¼¡¤Ë¤¢¤²¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÍø±×¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¸¡½Ð¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤Ê - ¤¤¤Î¤Ç, ¥Ö¡¼¥È¤Ë¤«¤«¤ë»þ´Ö¤¬Ã»¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤»¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¿¤¯¤Î¾ì¹ç¥á¥â¥ê»ÈÍÑÎ̤¬ - ¸º¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤â¥á¥â¥ê¾å¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç, - ÉÔɬÍפʥ³¡¼¥É¤¬¤¢¤ë¤ÈËÜÍè¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Î - RAM (¼Â¥á¥â¥ê) ¤òÀê¤á¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¤³¤ì¤Ï½ÅÍפʤ³¤È¤À - ¤È¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ¥á¥â¥ê¤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤ÏÂçÊѽÅÍפǤ¹. - - ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏÄ´À°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È - ¤¬¤Ç¤­, ¤Þ¤¿¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê GENERIC¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤Ï - ¤Ê¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤ò¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ - ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

- - ¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¹½Ãۤȥ¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - -

¤Þ¤º, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ëºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤ËɬÍפʥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¤¶¤Ã¤È¸«¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ /usr/src/sys°Ê²¼¤ÎÁêÂÐ°Ì - Ã֤Ǽ¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, /sys¤«¤é¤â¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤³¤Ë¤Ï, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î³ÆÉôʬ¤ò¹½À®¤¹¤ë¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬ - ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, »ä¤¿¤Á¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Ç¤Ï - ºÇ¤â½ÅÍ×¤Ê¤Î¤Ï i386/conf¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÊÔ½¸¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤ì¤«¤é compile¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê, ¤³¤³¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬ºî¤é¤ì¤ë - ¾ì½ê¤Ç¤¹. ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì - ¥¯¥È¥ê¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤¬¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óËè¤Ë¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ëʬ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÏÀÍý - Ū¹½À®¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, i386¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï - PC¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¤ß¤ò°·¤¤, i386°Ê³°¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï - FreeBSD¤¬Â¾¤Î¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à¤Ë°Ü¿¢¤µ¤ì¤ëºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¶¦Í­¤µ¤ì¤ë¥³¡¼ - ¥É¤Ç¤¹. - - /usr/src/sys - °Ê²¼¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤¬ - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¼ê½ç¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã - ¤Æ, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¤Ä¤®¤Ë, i386/conf¤Ë°ÜÆ°¤·¤Æ, GENERIC - ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤¿¤¤Ì¾Á°¤Ë - ¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡§ - -# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf -# cp GENERIC MYKERNEL - - ´·½¬¤È¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤Î̾Á°¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤ÆÂçʸ»ú¤Ç¤Ä¤Å¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·, - ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î°Û¤Ê¤ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î FreeBSD¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ò°·¤¦¤Ê¤é, - ¤³¤Î̾Á°¤Ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò´Þ¤á¤ë¤È¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, Îã¤È¤·¤Æ MYKERNEL ¤È¸Æ¤Ö¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ¤Ç¤Ï, MYKERNEL¤ò¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¹¥¤­¤Ê¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ÇÊÔ½¸¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤â¤·, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¤Ð¤«¤ê¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë - ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Ï vi¤À¤±¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï»È¤¤Êý - ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤Ï¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¿¤¯¤ÎËܤǾܤ·¤¯ÀâÌÀ - ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¤½¤Á¤é¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤Þ¤º¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºÇ½é¤ÎÊý¤Î¥³¥á¥ó¥È¹Ô¤òÊÔ½¸¤·, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥° - ¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¹ç¤»¤ÆÊѹ¹¤·¤¿ÅÀ¤Ê¤É¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Æ GENERIC¤È¶èÊ̤¬¤Ä¤¯ - ¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¤â¤· SunOS¤ä¾¤Î BSD¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î - ºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤ò¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¤È¤Æ¤â¿Æ¤·¤ß - ¤ä¤¹¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤·¤«¤·, DOS¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤½¤Î¾¤Î - ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤·¤«ÃΤé¤Ê¤¤¿Í¤«¤é¸«¤ì¤Ð, - GENERIC¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¤È¤Æ¤â - ¤Ê¤¸¤ß¤Ë¤¯¤¤¤â¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¤ÎÀá¤ò¤æ¤Ã¤¯¤ê¤ÈÃí°Õ¿¼¤¯Æɤó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - config(8)¤ò¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ì¤Ï - /usr/src/usr. sbin¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò¥À - ¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë - (config¤ò)ºî¤ê¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ÊÔ½¸¤·½ª¤Ã¤¿¤é, ¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - ¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -# /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL -# cd ../../compile/MYKERNEL -# make depend -# make -# make install - - ¿·¤·¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥ë¡¼¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë /kernel¤È¤¤¤¦ - ̾Á°¤Ç¥³¥Ô¡¼¤µ¤ì, º£¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï /kernel.old - ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤ØÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ç¤Ï, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È¥À¥¦¥ó, ¥ê¥Ö¡¼ - ¥È¤·¤Æ¿·¤·¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤¦¤Þ¤¯¹Ô¤«¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¤³¤Î¾Ï¤Î½ª¤ê¤Î - - ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤Î¾Ï¤Î¿·¤·¤¤ - - ¾ì¹ç¤Î¥ê¥«¥Ð¥ê¤ÎÊýË¡¤òÃí°Õ¿¼¤¯Æɤó¤Ç¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - /dev¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Î¡¼¥É¤òÄɲ䷤ʤ±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï, ¤òÆɤó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -

¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È - ¤Ï¤È¤Æ¤â¥·¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ç¤¹. ³Æ¹Ô¤Ï1¤Ä¤Î¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤È1¤Ä°Ê¾å¤Î - °ú¿ô¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¸«¤ä¤¹¤¯¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï - °ú¿ô¤ò1¤Ä¤·¤«½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - #¤Ë³¤¯¤â¤Î¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì, - ̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ - ¤À¤¤¤¿¤¤ GENERIC¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë½çÈÖ¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, - ¤ª¸ß¤¤¤Ë´Ø·¸¤Î¤¢¤ë¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï, ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï GENERIC¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¾å¤Ë - ¥Ð¥é¥Ð¥é¤Ë¸½¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤â, (¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥­¥ó¥°¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë)1¤Ä¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤á - ¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹.

¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¸½ºß, ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò°·¤¦ÊýË¡¤ò¤è¤ê¤è¤¤µ¡¹½¤Ë°Ü¹Ô¤·¤è - ¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ½¾Íè¤Ï, ³Æ¡¹¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ïñ½ã¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î - MakefileÃæ¤Î CFLAGS¹Ô¤Î -D¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤ËÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¼«Á³¤È¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏºÝ¸Â¤Ê¤¯Áý¤¨¤Æ¹Ô¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤À¤ì¤â¼ÂºÝ¤Ë - ¤Ï¤É¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤É¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ÏÃΤê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¿·¤·¤¤ÊýË¡¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó°Í¸¤Î #ifdef¤ÏÅö³º¥ª¥×¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤ò opt_foo.h (¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ïconfig¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ compile¥Ç¥£¥ì - ¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹) ¤«¤éÆɤ߹þ¤à¤è¤¦¤ËÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. - config ¤ÎÍ­¸ú¤Ê¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï2¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤ª - ¤«¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Ê¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï - /sys/conf/options¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì, ¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã°Í¸¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤Ï/sys/arch/conf/options¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Þ - ¤¹. arch¤ÎÉôʬ¤ÏÎ㤨¤Ð i386¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - ɬ¿Ü¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É - -

¤³¤³¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¹½ÃÛ¤ËɬÍ×ÉԲķç¤Ç¤¹. - - - - machine ``i386'' - -

ºÇ½é¤Î¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï machine¤Ç¤¹. - FreeBSD¤Ï Intel¤Î 386¤È¤½¤Î¸ß´¹¥Á¥Ã¥×¾å¤Ç¤·¤« - Æ°¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, i386¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - Ãí: ¿ô»ú¤ò´Þ¤à¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ - ¥¯¥©¡¼¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤Ç°Ï¤àɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤¦¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È, config¤Ïº®Íð¤·, - 386¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Î¿ôÃͤȤ·¤Æ°·¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - cpu ``cpu_type'' - -

¼¡¤Î¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï cpu¤Ç¤¹. - FreeBSD¤Ç¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë CPU¤ÎÃ椫¤éµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. - cpu_type¤È¤·¤Æ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤ÊÃÍ¤Ï - ¼¡¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹. - - I386_CPU - I486_CPU - I586_CPU - I686_CPU - - GENERIC¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë cpu¤Î¹Ô¤Î - cpu_type¤¬°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿Ãͤò»ý¤Ä¤â¤Î¤¬ - Ê£¿ô¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ç¤Ï, - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë cpu¤ò1¤Ä¤À¤±»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤Î¤¬ - °ìÈ֤Ǥ¹. Î㤨¤Ð, ¤â¤· Intel¤Î Pentium¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð, - cpu_type¤Ë¤Ï, I586_CPU - ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ident machine_name - -

¼¡¤Ï, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¼±ÊÌ̾¤È¤Ê¤ëident¤Ç¤¹. - GENERIC¤«¤é¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤¿¤¤Ì¾Á°¤Ë - ÊѤ¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, MYKERNEL¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ident¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤¿Ì¾Á°¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î - ¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ÉáÃʤΥ«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤È¤ÏÊÌ¤Ë - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë°ã¤¦Ì¾Á°¤òÍ¿¤¨¤¿¤¤¤È¤­(Î㤨¤Ð, - ¼Â¸³ÍѤΥ«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºî¤ê¤¿¤¤»þ¤Ê¤É), ÊØÍø¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¿ô»ú¤ò´Þ¤à̾Á°¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï machine¤ä - cpu¤Î»þ¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë¥¯¥©¡¼¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤Ç - °Ï¤àɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - C¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥é¤Ë -D¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤ÇÅϤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç, - DEBUG¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê̾Á°¤Ë¤·¤¿¤ê, vax - ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Â¾¤ÎCPU¤Î̾Á°¤Ê¤Éʶ¤é¤ï¤·¤¤Ì¾Á°¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç - ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - maxusers number - -

¤³¤ì¤Ï, ½ÅÍפʥ·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤ò·è¤á¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³ - ¤ÇÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¿ô»ú¤Ï¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËƱ»þ¤Ë¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤¹¤ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì - ¤ë¤ª¤è¤½¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¿ô¤Ç¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, Ä̾ï¤Î»ÈÍѴĶ­¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, - ÆÃ¤Ë X Window System ¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤¿¤ê, ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò - ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê»ÈÍѤǤ¢¤ì¤Ð maxusers¤Ë¤Ï¾¯ - ¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â4°Ê¾å¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¤Û¤¦¤¬¤¤¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤½¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ï, - maxusers¤Ç·è¤ë¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ÇºÇ¤â½ÅÍפʤâ¤Î¤Ï¥×¥í¥»¥¹ - ¤ÎºÇÂç¿ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. ¥×¥í¥»¥¹ºÇÂç¿ô¤Ï 20 + - 16 * maxusers¤ÇÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì, maxusers¤ò1 - ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È36¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤·¤«Æ±»þ¤Ë¤Ï»ý¤Æ¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï¥Ö¡¼ - ¥È»þ¤Ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë18¸Ä¤°¤é¤¤¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹, X¤ò - µ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë»þ¤Î15ÄøÅÙ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤â´Þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹. - man¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÆɤà¤È¤¤¤¦1¤Ä¤Î¥¿¥¹¥¯¤Ç¤µ¤¨, ¥Õ¥£ - ¥ë¥¿¤ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¿­Ä¹¤äɽ¼¨¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë9¤Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤òµ¯Æ°¤· - ¤Þ¤¹. maxusers¤ò4¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð, Ʊ»þ¤Ë84¸Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥» - ¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤É¤ó¤Ê¿Í¤Ç¤â½½Ê¬¤Ê¿ô¤À¤È¤¤¤¨¤ë - ¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤½¤ì¤Ç¤â¾¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï, - (Walnut Creek CDROM¤ÎFTP¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë) Ʊ»þ¤Ë¿¤¯¤Î - ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÊú¤¨¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤òÁö¤é¤»¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë ``proc table - full''¤È¤¤¤¦¤ª¤¾¤Þ¤·¤¤¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬µ¯¤­¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤³¤ÎÃͤòÁý¤ä - ¤·, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - maxuser¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó - ¤Ë¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤­¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¿ô¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ñ¤Ë, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë - ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¿ô¤ÎºÇÂçÃͤȳơ¹¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ - ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤òÁö¤é¤»¤ë¤«¤ò¹Íθ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë - ¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ÎÃͤòŬÀÚ¤ÊÃͤËÀßÄê - ¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ËÂФ·, ¤Î remote logins¤È¤¤¤¦¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ï - Ʊ»þ¤Ë¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤­¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¿ô¤òÀ©¸Â - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - config kernel_name root on root_device - -

¤³¤ì¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤È̾Á°¤òÆÃÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - ÅÁÅýŪ¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï vmunix¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - FreeBSD¤Ç¤Ï kernel¤È¤Õ¤µ¤ï¤·¤¤Ì¾Á°¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. - kernel_name¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤â kernel¤ò - »È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ̾Á°¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤È¿¤¯¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à - ¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤¬»È¤¨¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. 2ÈÖÌܤÎÉôʬ¤Ï - ¥ë¡¼¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¤¢¤ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤È - ¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - SCSI¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, wd0¤ò, - SCSI¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ê¤é¤Ð sd0¤Ç¤¹. - - - °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó - -

°Ê²¼¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ª¤è - ¤Ó¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹. - - - -

¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¿ôÃͱ黻¥³¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤¬¤Ê¤¤ - ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿ (386¤ä486SX) ¤Ç¿ôÃͱ黻¥³¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ - ¤Î¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·, Pentium¤ä - 486DX, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï387¤ä487¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È - ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - Ãí: FreeBSDÉÕ°¤Î¿ôÃͱ黻 - ¥³¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤êÀµ³Î¤Ç¤Ï - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. Èó¾ï¤ËÀµ³Î¤Ê·×»»¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤¤ - ¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¤è¤êÍ¥¤ì¤¿ GNU¤Î¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë - GPL_MATH_EMULATE¤ËÊѤ¨¤ë¤³¤È¤ò - ¤ª¤¹¤¹¤á¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥é¥¤¥»¥ó¥¹¤Î´Ø·¸¤Ç¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï - ´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - options ``COMPAT_43'' - -

4.3BSD¤È¤Î¸ß´¹À­¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹. - ¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤¹¤ë¤È, - ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÇÆ°ºî¤¬¤ª¤«¤·¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - options BOUNCE_BUFFERS - -

ISA¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤äISA¸ß´¹¥â¡¼¥É¤ÇÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë EISA¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ - ¤Ç¤Ï DMA (Direct Memory Access) ¤Ï16MB°Ê²¼¤Î¥á¥â¥ê¤ËÂФ· - ¤Æ¤Î¤ßÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤ê¥á¥â¥ê¤¬16MB°Ê¾å - ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÇDMA¤ò»È¤¦¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - options UCONSOLE - -

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤ò²£¼è¤ê (grab) ¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï X Window System ¾å¤ÇÊØÍø¤Ç¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, ¥³ - ¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë xterm¤ò xterm -C¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Æºî¤ë¤È, - ¤½¤³¤Ë `write', `talk'¤Ê¤É¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤«¤é¥³ - ¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤ØÁ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - options SYSVSHM - -

¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï System V ¤Î¶¦Í­¥á¥â¥ê¤òÄ󶡤·¤Þ¤¹. - X Window System ¤Î XSHM³ÈÄ¥¤Ç¤ÎÍøÍѤ¬¤â¤Ã¤È¤â°ìÈ̤˸« - ¤é¤ì¤ëÎã¤Ç, ¿¤¯¤Î¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤ò¿ÍѤ·¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à - (movie player ¤Î Xanim¤ä Linux DOOM¤Ê¤É) ¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ì¤ò - ÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç®ÅÙ¤¬Áý²Ã¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¥á¥ê¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - X Window System ¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¤³¤ì¤Ï´Ö°ã¤¤¤Ê - ¤¯´Þ¤á¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - options SYSVSEM - -

System V ¤Î¥»¥Þ¥Õ¥©¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. °ìÈÌŪ¤ËÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤ë - ¤³¤È¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤¬¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎÁý²Ã¤Ï¿ôÉ´¥Ð¥¤¥È¤À - ¤±¤Ç¤¹. - options SYSVMSG - -

System V ¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì - ¹ç¤â¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎÁý²Ã¤Ï¿ôÉ´¥Ð¥¤¥È¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - - ipcs(1) ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î System V ¤Îµ¡¹½¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤òɽ¼¨¤· - ¤Þ¤¹. - - ÌõÃí: ¶¦Í­¥á¥â¥ê, ¥»¥Þ¥Õ¥©, ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸(¥á¥Ã - ¥»¡¼¥¸¥­¥å¡¼) ¤Ï System V·Ï ¤Ç°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥×¥í¥»¥¹´ÖÄÌ¿®¤Îµ¡ - ¹½¤Ç¤¹. ¤¯¤ï¤·¤¯¤Ï System V¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹´ÖÄÌ¿®¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëʸ - ¸¥, ¡Ö¾Ü²ò UNIX¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¡× (¥½¥Õ¥È¥Ð¥ó¥¯) , ¡ÖUNIX¥Í¥Ã - ¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¡× (¥È¥Ã¥Ñ¥ó) ¤Ê¤É¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ - ¤¤. - - - - - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó - -

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È - ¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹. ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò´Þ - ¤á¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ɸ½àŪ¤Ë¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤«¤é¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç - ¤¢¤ì¤Ð FFS , ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ì¥¹¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ¥¤¡¼ - ¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¤«¤é¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð NFS¤Ç¤¹. - °ìÈÌŪ¤ËÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤á, ¤¢¤Þ¤ê - ÍøÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à (¿ʬ MS-DOS¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à?) ¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤ò¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï Loadable Kernel - Module ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê /lkm ¤«¤é, ºÇ½é¤Ë¤½¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤ - ¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë»þ¤ËưŪ¤Ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - - - - options FFS - -

´ðËÜŪ¤Ê¥Ï¡¼¥É¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£ - ¥¹¥¯¤«¤é¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï»Ä¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - options NFS - -

¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. Ethernet·Ðͳ¤Ç Unix¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤«¤é¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤ëͽÄ꤬¤Ê¤¤¾ì - ¹ç¤Ï¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - options MSDOSFS - -

MS-DOS ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. ¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ë DOS¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È - ¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤ëͽÄê¤Î¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥³¥á¥ó - ¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤Æ¤â°ÂÁ´¤Ç¤¹. Àè¤Ë¼¨¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, DOS¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£ - ¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë»þ¤Ë¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿ - (ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤¢¤ë) mtools ¤È¤¤¤¦ÁÇÀ² - ¤é¤·¤¤¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë¤è¤ê mount , unmount¤Ê¤·¤Ç DOS¥Õ¥í¥Ã - ¥Ô¡¼¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹ (¤³¤ì¤Ï MSDOSFS¤âɬÍ× - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó). - - options ``CD9660'' - -

CD-ROM¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î ISO 9660 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. CD-ROM¤ò - »ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«, »þ¡¹ ¥Ç¡¼¥¿ CD¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ê¤é¥³ - ¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦ (¥Ç¡¼¥¿ CD¤òºÇ½é¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë - »þ¤ËưŪ¤Ë¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹). ¥ª¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ª CD¤Ï¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÏɬÍפ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - options PROCFS - -

¥×¥í¥»¥¹ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ïµ¿»÷Ū¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥· - ¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç /proc¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì, ps(1)¤Ê¤É¤Î¥×¥í - ¥°¥é¥à¤¬¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤è - ¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - options MFS - -

¥á¥â¥ê¥Þ¥Ã¥×¥É ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë°ì»þ - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òµ­²±¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¹â®¤Ê RAM¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ç, Â礭¤Ê - swapÎΰ褬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ËÍ­¸ú¤Ç¤¹. MFS¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¥Þ¥¦ - ¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë¤ËŬ¤·¤¿¾ì½ê¤Ï¿¤¯¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬°ì»þ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò - ÃÖ¤¯ /tmp¤Ç¤¹. MFS RAM¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò /tmp - ¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÆâÍƤò /etc/fstab¤ËÄÉ - ²Ã¤·¤Æ¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤« mount /tmp¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - -/dev/wd1s2b /tmp mfs rw 0 0 - - - /dev/wd1s2b¤ò¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ - ¤¤¤ëswap ¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤ì¤Ï°Ê - ²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë /etc/fstab¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -/dev/wd1s2b none swap sw 0 0 - - - - /tmp¥Ç - ¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó). ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤¤¤Þ¤Î - ¤È¤³¤í¤Ï»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤Êý¤¬ÌµÆñ¤Ç¤¹. --> ¤Þ¤¿, MFS¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÏưŪ¤Ë¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó - . ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤Ë - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - options QUOTA - -

¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¯¥©¡¼¥¿¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¬¸ø³«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤ - ¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç (°ì¿Í¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬) /home¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç - ¥ó (Á´ÂÎ) ¤ò¤¢¤Õ¤ì¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶ - ¤Ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¯¥©¡¼¥¿¤òȯ¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¯¥©¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾Ü¤·¤¤ÆâÍƤϤξϤò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ´ðËÜŪ¤Ê¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤È¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ - -

¤³¤ÎÀá¤Ç¤Ï FreeBSD¤Ç¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯, ¥Æ¡¼ - ¥×, CD-ROM¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤È ¥«¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤ - ¤Æ¤ÏÊ̤ÎÀá¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - - controller isa0 -

FreeBSD¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î PC¤ÇɬÍפǤ¹. IBM PS/2 (¥Þ¥¤ - ¥¯¥í¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã) ¤Ç¤Ï¸½»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï FreeBSD¤ÏÆ° - ¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - controller pci0 - -

PCI¥Ð¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï´Þ¤á¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê - PCI¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¼«Æ°Ç§¼±¤È PCI¤«¤é ISA¥Ð¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤¬ - ²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - controller fdc0 - -

¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. - fd0 ¤Ï ``A:'' ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç - fd1 ¤Ï ``B:'' ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç¤¹. ft0 ¤Ï - ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ë QIC-80 ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç - ¤¹. Âбþ¤¹¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¹Ô¤ò¥³¥á¥ó¥È - ¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ft(8)¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. - ¤¯¤ï¤·¤¯¤Ï¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - controller wdc0 - -

¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥êIDE¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. wd0 ¤È - wd1¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥Þ¥¹¥¿, ¥¹¥ì¡¼¥Ö¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ç - ¤¹. wdc1 ¤Ï ¥»¥«¥ó¥À¥ê¤Î IDE¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç3Âæ - ÌÜ, 4ÂæÌܤΥϡ¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Þ¤¿¤Ï IDE CD-ROM¤Î¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë - »È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ÍøÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤¹Ô¤Ï¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ (Î㤨 - ¤Ð, SCSI¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¤ß¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï6¹ÔÁ´Éô¤ò¥³¥á¥ó¥È - ¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó). - - device wcd0 - -

¤³¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï IDE CD-ROM¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. - wdc0¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê, ¤â¤· 2¤Ä°Ê¾å¤Î IDE - ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¤½¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î 2¤ÄÌܤΥ«¡¼¥É¤Ë CD-ROM¤òÀÜ - ³¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç options ATAPI¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ⤢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - device npx0 at isa? port ``IO_NPX'' irq 13 vector npxintr - -

npx0¤ÏFreeBSD¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥³¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤È¥½¥Õ¥È - ¥¦¥§¥¢¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿Î¾Êý¤ÎÉâÆ°¾®¿ôÅÀ±é»»¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿ - ¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï device wt0 at isa? port 0x300 bio irq 5 drq 1 vector wtintr - -

Wangtek ¤È Archive ¤Î - QIC-02/QIC-36 ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¹. - - Proprietary CD-ROM support - -

°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò proprietary(Æȼ«¤Î) - CD-ROM¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤È¸Æ¤Ö¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ÏÀì - ÍѤΥ³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ò»ý¤Ä¤«, ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥Ö¥é¥¹¥¿16¤Ê¤É¤Î¥µ¥¦ - ¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ËÀܳ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï IDE¤Ç¤â SCSI¤Ç¤â¤¢ - ¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¿¤¯¤Îɸ½à®¤ä2ÇÜ®¤Î¸Å¤¤ CD-ROM¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é - ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤è¤ê¿·¤·¤¤»ÍÇÜ®¤Î - ¤â¤Î¤Ï ¤« ¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - - - device mcd0 at isa? port 0x300 bio irq 10 vector mcdintr - -

¥ß¥Ä¥ßÀ½ CD-ROM (LU002, - LU005, FX001D)¤Ç¤¹. - - device scd0 at isa? port 0x230 bio - -

¥½¥Ë¡¼À½ CD-ROM (CDU31,CDU33A)¤Ç¤¹. - - controller matcd0 at isa? port ? bio - -

¾¾²¼/¥Ñ¥Ê¥½¥Ë¥Ã¥¯À½ CD-ROM (¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥Ö¥é¥¹¥¿ÍÑ - ¥¯¥ê¥¨¥£¥Æ¥£¥Ö ¥é¥ÜÀ½¤È¤·¤ÆÈÎÇ䤵¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿) ¤Ç¤¹. - - - - - - SCSI ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È - -

¤³¤ÎÀá¤Ç¤Ï FreeBSD¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤Ê SCSI¥³¥ó¥È - ¥í¡¼¥é¤È¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½ñ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - - SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é - -

°Ê²¼¤Î½½¿ô¹Ô¤Ï°Û¤ë¼ïÎà¤Î SCSI¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¹. - »ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î°Ê³°¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ï¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - controller bt0 at isa? port ``IO_BT0'' bio irq ? vector btintr - -

¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î Buslogic¼Ò¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. - - controller uha0 at isa? port ``IO_UHA0'' bio irq ? drq 5 vector uhaintr - -

UltraStor 14F ¤È 34F ¤Ç¤¹. - - controller ahc0 - -

Adaptec 274x/284x/294x ¤Ç¤¹. - - controller ahb0 at isa? bio irq ? vector ahbintr - -

Adaptec 174x ¤Ç¤¹. - - controller aha0 at isa? port ``IO_AHA0'' bio irq ? drq 5 vector ahaintr - -

Adaptec 154x ¤Ç¤¹. - - controller aic0 at isa? port 0x340 bio irq 11 vector aicintr - - -

Adaptec 152x ¤ä ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Ê¤É¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë Adaptec - AIC-6360 ¥Á¥Ã¥×¤Ç¤¹. (slow!) - - controller nca0 at isa? port 0x1f88 bio irq 10 vector ncaintr - - -

NCR 5380¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë ProAudioSpectrum ¤ä Trantor T130 ¤Ç - ¤¹. - - controller sea0 at isa? bio irq 5 iomem 0xc8000 iosiz 0x2000 vector seaintr - -

Seagate ST01/02 8 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. (slow!) - - controller wds0 at isa? port 0x350 bio irq 15 drq 6 vector wdsintr - -

Western Digital WD7000¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. - - controller ncr0 - -

NCR 53C810, 53C815, 53C825, 53C860, 53C875 ¥Á¥Ã¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ - PCI SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. - - - - options ``SCSI_DELAY=15'' - -

¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤ê¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò - ¥×¥í¡¼¥Ö¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë 15ÉôÖÂÔ¤Á¤Þ¤¹. IDE¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¤ß¤ò»ÈÍÑ - ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï̵»ë¤·¤Æ¹½¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Ö¡¼¥È¤ò®¤¯¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á - ¤Ë¤³¤Î¿ôÃͤò 5É䰤餤¤Þ¤Ç¾®¤µ¤¯¤·¤¿¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤½¤¦¤· - ¤¿¾ì¹ç, FreeBSD¤¬ SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òǧ¼±¤·¤Ë¤¯¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤«¤â¤· - ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤Î»þ¤Ï¡¢¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃͤϸµ¤ËÌá - ¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - controller scbus0 - -

SCSI¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¤³¤Î¹Ô¤Ç SCSIÁ´È̤Υµ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Þ¤¹. SCSI¤Î¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç, ¤³¤Î¹Ô¤È°Ê²¼¤Î3¤Ä¤Î¹Ô¤ò¥³¥á - ¥ó¥È¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - device sd0 - -

SCSI¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¹. - - device st0 - -

SCSI¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¹. - - device cd0 - -

SCSI CD-ROM ¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¹. - -

¾å¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë 0¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤é¤«¸í²ò¤ò¾·¤­ - ¤ä¤¹¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬ - ¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿»þ¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤¬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì, SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Ë²¿Âæ¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤ - ¤ë¤«, ¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È ID¤¬²¿È֤Ǥ¢¤ë¤«¤Ï¤³¤³¤Îµ­½Ò¤È¤Ï´Ø·¸¤¢ - ¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë¡Ö¸ÇÄêŪ¤Ê¡×¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È ID¤ÎÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ø¤Î - ³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï LINT ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î - ³ºÅö¤¹¤ëÉôʬ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë, ¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¦¥¹, X¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È - -

2¤Ä¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤«¤é¤É¤Á¤é¤«1¤Ä¤òÁª¤ÖɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ɸ½à¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤Êý¤Î vt220 ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤òÁª¤ó¤À¾ì¹ç, X Window System - ¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï XSERVER ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹ - (ÌõÃí: sc0 ¤Ë¤Ï XSERVER ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÁêÅö¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬»Ï¤á¤«¤éÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹). - ¤Þ¤¿¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ÈPS/2¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - - device sc0 at isa? port ``IO_KBD' tty irq 1 vector scintr - -

sc0 ¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ç SCO¥³¥ó - ¥½¡¼¥ë¤Ë»÷¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï VT220¥³¥ó¥Ñ - ¥Á¥Ö¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î vt0¤¤¤º¤ì¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤â¤Û¤È¤ó¤É - ¤Î¥Õ¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï termcap¤Ê¤É¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß - ¥Ê¥ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤òÄ̤·¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, - ¤¢¤Þ¤ê°ã¤¤¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤³¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ç¥Õ¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¥È - ¥é¥Ö¥ë¤¬µ¯¤­¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë TERMÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃͤò - ``scoansi''¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - device vt0 at isa? port ``IO_KBD'' tty irq 1 vector pcrint - -

¤³¤ì¤ÏVT-220¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥Á¥Ö¥ë¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ç VT100/102¤Î - ¾å°Ì¸ß´¹¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï sc0¤Î»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¼ïÎà¤Î¥é¥Ã - ¥×¥È¥Ã¥×µ¡¤Ç¤â¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó»þ¤Ë TERMÊÑ¿ô¤ÎÃÍ - ¤ò``vt100'' ¤« ``vt220''¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, ¤³¤Î¥É¥é - ¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ò²ð¤·¤Æ¿¤¯¤Î°Û¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤éÀܳ¤¹¤ë - ¾ì¹ç¤âÊØÍø¤Ç¤¹. sc0¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î - termcap¤ä terminfo¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ïɬ¤º¤·¤â - ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬ -- ``vt100''¤Ï¤¤¤º¤ì¤Î - ¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à¤Ç¤âÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - - options ``PCVT_FREEBSD=210'' - -

vt0 ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤ËɬÍ×¤Ç - ¤¹. - - options XSERVER - -

vt0 ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤ò»È¤¦»þ¤Î¤ßÍ­¸ú¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï vt0 ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î¤â¤È¤Ç - XFree86 X ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤Î¤ËɬÍפʥ³¡¼¥É¤ò´Þ¤á¤Þ¤¹. - - - - device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq 5 vector ms - -

Logitech ¤ä ATI¤Î¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¦¥¹ÆþÎÏ¥«¡¼¥É¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î¥Ç - ¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥Ý¡¼¥È(¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¤ÏCOM1)¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À - ¤µ¤¤. - - device psm0 at isa? port ``IO_KBD'' conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr - -

¤³¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï PS/2¥Þ¥¦¥¹¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë - »È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë, ¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È - -

¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤òÀܳ¤¹ - ¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï ¤Î¾Ï¤¬Èó¾ï - ¤ËÌò¤ËΩ¤Ä¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï ¤ËÈó¾ï¤Ë¾Ü¤·¤¤¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤È¥Ç - ¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î»È¤¤Êý¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - - device sio0 at isa? port ``IO_COM1'' tty irq 4 vector siointr - -

sio0¤«¤ésio3¤Ï MS-DOS¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë COM1¤«¤é - COM4¤ËÁêÅö¤¹¤ë4ËܤΥ·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¹. - COM4¤ËÆ⢥â¥Ç¥à¤¬¤¢¤ê COM2¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç, FreeBSD¤«¤é¥¢¥¯ - ¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎIRQ¤ò2¤ØÊѹ¹¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤ - ¤¦¤³¤È¤òÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹ (µ»½ÑŪ¤ÊÍýͳ¤è¤ê IRQ 2 = IRQ - 9¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹). - ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ë¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸ - ¤Îsio(4)¤Ë¤Ï¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»È¤¦ÃͤʤɤΤè - ¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¾ðÊ󤬤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¥«¡¼¥É¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï (ÆÃ¤Ë S3 - ¥Á¥Ã¥×¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ï) IO¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î 0x*2e8¤«¤é - ¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¤Þ¤¿Â¿¤¯¤Î°Â²Á¤Ê¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï - IO¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö¤ò16-bit¥Õ¥ë¥Ç¥³¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç, ¤³ - ¤ì¤é¤Î¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï¾×Æͤ·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç COM4¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¼Â¼Á¾å - ÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï (³ä¹þ¤ß¤Î¶¦Í­¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤¿ - ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð) ÊÌ¡¹¤Î IRQ - ¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç COM3¤È COM4¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î - IRQ¤ÏÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - device lpt0 at isa? port? tty irq 7 vector lptintr - -

lpt0 ¤«¤é lpt2¤ÏÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê3ËܤΥץê¥ó - ¥¿¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¹. ¿¤¯¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï1ËܤΤߤǤ¹¤Î¤Ç¾¤Î2ËܤϤʤ¤ - ¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤Æ¹½¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ - -

FreeBSD¤Ç¤Ï¾¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê Unix¤ÈƱÍͤ˥ͥåȥ¥¯¤¬ - Èó¾ï¤Ë ½Å»ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤¬ - ¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤âɬ¿Ü¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥× ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - options INET - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥­¥ó¥°¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ç¤¹. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ëͽÄ꤬¤Ê - ¤¯¤Æ¤â»Ä¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¿¤¯¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¥ë¡¼¥× - ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥­¥ó¥°¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹(¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, PC¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ - ¥³¥Í¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹). ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏËܼÁŪ - ¤ËÉԲķç¤Ç¤¹. - - Ethernet cards - -

°Ê²¼¤Ë¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥«¡¼¥É¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤³¤ì¤é¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ò - ¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤ÐÍøÍѤ¹ - ¤ëÆÃÄê¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»Ä - ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - - device de0 - -

DEC¤Î DC21040, DC21041, DC21140¥Á¥Ã¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ PCI¥¤¡¼ - ¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ç¤¹. - - - device fxp0 - -

Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B ¹â®¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É - ¤Ç¤¹. - - device vx0 - -

3Com ¤Î 3C590, 3C595¤Ç¤¹ (¤¤¤¯¤é¤« bug¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹). - - device cx0 at isa? port 0x240 net irq 15 drq 7 vector cxintr - -

Cronyx/Sigma ¤Î ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥ÈƱ´ü/ÈóƱ´ü¥«¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. - (with Cisco or PPP framing) - - device ed0 at isa? port 0x280 net irq 5 iomem 0xd8000 vector edintr - -

Western Digital ¤È SMC ¤Î 80xx, 8216 Elite Ultra ; - ¥Î¥Ù¥ë NE1000, NE2000; 3Com ¤Î 3C503; HP¤Î PC Lan Plus - (HP27247B ¤ÈHP27252A) ¤Ç¤¹. - - device el0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 9 vector elintr - -

3Com ¤Î 3C501 ¤Ç¤¹. (slow!) - - device eg0 at isa? port 0x310 net irq 5 vector egintr - -

3Com ¤Î 3C505¤Ç¤¹. - - device ep0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 10 vector epintr - -

3Com ¤Î 3C509 ¤Ç¤¹(¥Ð¥°¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹). - - device fe0 at isa? port 0x240 net irq ? vector feintr - -

ÉÙ»ÎÄÌ MB86960A/MB86965A ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É - ¤Ç¤¹. - - device fea0 at isa? net irq ? vector feaintr - -

DEC DEFEA EISA FDDI ¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ç¤¹. - - device ie0 at isa? port 0x360 net irq 7 iomem 0xd0000 vector ieintr - -

AT&T StarLAN 10 ¤È EN100; 3Com ¤Î 3C507; - NI5210 ¤Ç¤¹. - - device ix0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 10 iomem 0xd0000 iosiz 32768 vector ixintr - -

Intel ¤Î EtherExpress 16¤Ç¤¹. - - device le0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 5 iomem 0xd0000 vector le_intr - -

DEC ¤Î EtherWorks 2 and EtherWorks - 3 (DEPCA, DE100, DE101, DE200, DE201, DE202, - DE203, DE204, DE205, DE422)¤Ç¤¹. - - device lnc0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 10 drq 0 vector lncintr - -

Lance/PCnet ¥«¡¼¥É (Isolan, Novell NE2100, - NE32-VL)¤Ç¤¹. - - device ze0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 5 iomem 0xd8000 vector zeintr - -

IBM/¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¥»¥ß¥³¥ó¥À¥¯¥¿¤Î PCMCIA ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È - ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. - - device zp0 at isa? port 0x300 net irq 10 iomem 0xd8000 vector zpintr - -

3Com ¤Î PCMCIA Etherlink III ¤Ç¤¹. - - - - - - pseudo-device loop - -

loop ¤Ï TCP/IP¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç - ¤¹. telnet ¤ä FTP¤ò localhost (127.0.0.1) - ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤È¤³¤Îµ¿»÷¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òÄ̤·¤Æµ¢¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ÉԲķç¤Ç¤¹. - - pseudo-device ether - -

ether¤Ï¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î¤ßɬÍ×¤Ç - °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ò´Þ¤á¤Þ¤¹. - - pseudo-device sl number - -

sl ¤Ï SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤É´°Á´¤Ë, ¤è¤ê´Êñ¤ËÀßÄ꤬¤Ç¤­, ¥â - ¥Ç¥à to ¥â¥Ç¥àÀܳ¤ËŬ¤·¤¿, ¤è¤ê¥Ñ¥ï¥Õ¥ë¤Ê PPP¤Ë¼è¤Ã¤ÆÂå - ¤ï¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. sl¤Î¸å¤Î number ¤ÏƱ - »þ¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Î SLIP¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - SLIP¤ÎÀßÄê¤Î¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤Ï¤³¤Î¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤Î - ¡ÖPPP¤ÈSLIP¡×¤Î¾Ï¤Î - - ¤È ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿Àá¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - pseudo-device ppp number - -

ppp¤Ï¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥× ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥ÈÀܳ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥â¡¼¥É PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ tun ¤ò - ÍøÍѤ¹¤ë PPP¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤â¤¢¤ê, ¤³¤Á¤é¤Ï¤è¤ê½ÀÆðÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¥Ç¥Þ - ¥ó¥É¥À¥¤¥¢¥ê¥ó¥°(¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬ÀܳÍ×µá¤ò½Ð¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë¼«Æ° - Ū¤Ë¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦)¤Ê¤É¤Îµ¡Ç½¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤Ç¤â¤³ - ¤Î PPP¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï ¤ÎÀá¤òÆɤó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - sl¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë number¤ÏƱ»þ - ¤Ë PPPÀܳ¤Ç¤­¤ë¿ô¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - pseudo-device tun number - -

tun ¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¥â¡¼¥É PPP¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬ÍøÍѤ·¤Þ - ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÏÀßÄ꤬´Êñ¤ÇÈó¾ï¤Ë¹â®¤Ç¤¹. - ¤Þ¤¿¼«Æ°¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë ¥ª¥ó ¥Ç¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ê¤É¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹. - tun¤Î¸å¤Înumber ¤ÏƱ»þ¤Ë¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤ë - PPP¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¿ô¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤ÎÀá¤Ë¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¾ðÊ󤬤¢ - ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - pseudo-device bpfilter number - -

¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤ ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Îµ¿»÷¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¥Í¥Ã - ¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò̵º¹ÊÌ (promiscuous) ¥â¡¼¥É¤Ë¤· - ¤Æ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ (Î㤨¤Ðñ°ì¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È) ¤Ë¥Ö¥í¡¼¥É¥­¥ã¥¹ - ¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò¼è¤êÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³ - ¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ë¼è¤êÆþ¤ì¤é¤ì¤¿¤ê - tcpdump(1) ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¸¡ºº¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Î¼Â¸½ - ¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Á´ÂΤΥ»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤È¤ÎÈù̯¤ÊÂŶ¨ÅÀ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³ - ¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - bpffilter ¤Î¸å¤Î number¤ÏƱ»þ¤Ë¸¡ºº¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Î - ¤Ç¤­¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¿ô¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ´í¸±¤Î²ÄǽÀ­¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½½Ê¬²ò¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ¤³¤Î¥ª¥× - ¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¾©¤á¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥«¡¼¥É¤Ç¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½ - ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - - ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É - -

¤³¤³¤Ï GENERIC¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ºÇ½é¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹. - ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï LINT¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç - ¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë(¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹)¤« - ¤é°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊŬÀڤʹԤò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - - controller snd0 - -

¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð°ìÈ̤Υ³¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. - pca¤ò½ü¤¯°Ê²¼¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ÇɬÍ×¤Ç - ¤¹. - - device pas0 at isa? port 0x388 irq 10 drq 6 vector pasintr - -

ProAudioSpectrum ¤Î¥ª¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ª ¤È MIDI ¤Ç¤¹. - - device sb0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 7 conflicts drq 1 vector sbintr - -

SoundBlaster ¤Ç¤¹. - - irq 7¤òirq - 5¤Ë½ñ¤­´¹¤¨, ¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É conflicts¤òºï½ü¤· - ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤µ¤é¤Ë options ``SBC_IRQ=5''¤Î¹Ô¤ò - ²Ã¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - device sbxvi0 at isa? drq 5 - -

SoundBlaster 16 ¤Î 16-bit ¥ª¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ª¤Ç¤¹. - - drq 5¤òŬÀÚ¤ÊÃͤ˽ñ¤­Ä¾ - ¤·¤Æ, (DMA 6¤Î¾ì¹ç) options "SB16_DMA=6"¤òÉÕ¤± - ²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - device sbmidi0 at isa? port 0x330 - -

SoundBlaster 16 ¤Î MIDI ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹. - SoundBlaster 16¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹çɬ¤º¤³¤Î¹Ô¤ò´Þ¤á¤Æ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë - ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - device gus0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 10 drq 1 vector gusintr - -

Gravis Ultrasound ¤Ç¤¹. - - device mss0 at isa? port 0x530 irq 10 drq 1 vector adintr - -

Microsoft Sound System ¤Ç¤¹. - - device opl0 at isa? port 0x388 conflicts - -

AdLib FM¥·¥ó¥»¥µ¥¤¥¶¥ª¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ª¤Ç¤¹. - AdLib, SoundBlaster, ProAudioSpectrum ¤ò»È¤¤ - playmidi (ports ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹) ¤Ê¤É¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç - MIDI¤Î±éÁÕ¤ò¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤³¤Î¹Ô¤ò´Þ¤á¤Þ¤¹. - - device mpu0 at isa? port 0x330 irq 6 drq 0 - -

Roland MPU-401 ¥«¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. - - device uart0 at isa? port 0x330 irq 5 vector ``m6850intr'' - -

MIDI¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î 6850 UART ¤Ç¤¹. - - device pca0 at isa? port ``IO_TIMER1'' tty - -

PC ¤Î¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥«¡¼¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥ª¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ª¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËÉʼÁ - ¤¬°­¤¯, CPU¤ÎÀ­Ç½, Éé²Ù¤Ë¶¯¤¯°Í¸¤·¤Þ¤¹, ¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤­ - ¤Þ¤¹ (¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥«¡¼¥É¤ÏɬÍפ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬). - - - - /usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sound/sound.doc¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Þ¤¿, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òÄɲ乤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¤òºî¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹. - - µ¿»÷¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ - -

µ¿»÷¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤ÈƱÍͤËƯ¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬¥Þ - ¥·¥ó¾å¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬¤Ê¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ç¤¹. - ´ØÏ¢¤Î - µ¿»÷¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¤½¤Á¤é¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¼¨¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï»Ä¤ê¤Ë¤Ä - ¤¤¤Æ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - - pseudo-device gzip - -

gzip¤Ï gzip¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ°µ½Ì¤µ¤ì¤¿ FreeBSD¤Î - ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. /stand¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥×¥í¥° - ¥é¥à¤Ï°µ½Ì¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¤Ä¤± - ¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Î¤Ï¤¤¤¤¹Í¤¨¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - pseudo-device log - -

log ¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¥í¥°¤ò¼è¤ë¤Î¤Ë»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ÉԲķç¤Ç¤¹. - - pseudo-device pty number - -

pty ¤Ï¡Ö²¾ÁÛ¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¡×¤ä²¾ÁÛ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥Ý¡¼¥È - ¤Ç¤¹. ³°Éô¤«¤é¤Î telnet¤ä rlogin¥»¥Ã - ¥·¥ç¥ó, xterm, emacs¤Ê¤É¤Î¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - number¤Ïºî¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤ë pty¤Î¿ô¤ò¼¨ - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - GENERIC¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï16¤Ç, Ʊ»þ¤Î xterm¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ä¥ê¥â¡¼ - ¥È¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÁý¤ä¤¹¾ì¹ç¤ÏºÇÂç¤Ç 64¤Þ¤Ç¤Ç¤¹. - - pseudo-device snp number - -

¥¹¥Ì¡¼¥×¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Îµ¿»÷¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¤¢¤ë¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë - ¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ watch(8) command¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¾¤Î¥¿¡¼ - ¥ß¥Ê¥ë¤ò´Æ»ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Î¼Â¸½¤Ï¥» - ¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤È¥×¥é¥¤¥Ð¥·¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¶Ë¤á¤ÆÈù̯¤Ê´Ø·¸¤¬¤¢¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹. snp¤Î¸å¤Î number¤ÏƱ»þ¤Ë¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­ - ¤ë¥¹¥Ì¡¼¥×¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÁí¿ô¤Ç¤¹. ÁªÂò²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - - pseudo-device vn - -

V¥Î¡¼¥É¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ç¤¹. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò vnconfig(8)¥³¥Þ - ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È¤·¤Æ¼è¤ê°·¤¦¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ë¤è¤ê¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤òÁàºî¤·¤¿¤ê¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤ò¥¹¥ï¥Ã¥×¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È¤·¤Æ (MS Windows¤Î¥¹¥ï¥Ã - ¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ê¤É¤ò)ÍѤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ÁªÂò²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - - - pseudo-device ccd number - -

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PC ¤Î¥¸¥ç¥¤¥¹¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¤¹. - - pseudo-device speaker - -

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Ãê½Ð¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç - ¤Ï¸½ºßÆ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì, ¥¯¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¥À¥ó¥×¤È¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥·¥ó¥Ü - ¥ë¤Î¤¯¤¤°ã¤¤¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯²¿¤â¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó (ÌõÃí:¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó - ¤Ç¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¥À¥ó¥×¤ò¤ª¤³¤·¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹). - - ¥¯¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¥À¥ó¥×¤Îµ¯¤­¤¿¸å¤Ë /sys/compile/WHATEVER¤Ø¹Ô¤­ -kgdb¤òÆ°¤«¤·¤Þ¤¹. kgdb ¤è¤ê¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - symbol-file kernel.debug - exec-file /var/crash/kernel.0 - core-file /var/crash/vmcore.0 - - ¤³¤¦¤¹¤ë¤È, ¥¯¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¥À¥ó¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò¾¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÈƱÍÍ¤Ë -¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¼¡¤Ë kgdb ¤Ç¤Î¼ê½ç¤Î¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥í¥°¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. Ť¤¹Ô¤ÏÆÉ - ¤ß¤ä¤¹¤¯¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë²þ¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤Þ¤¿, »²¾È¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¹ÔÈÖ¹æ¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤¢¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤À¤·, ¤³¤ì¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Î pcvt¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î³«È¯Ãæ¤Î¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥¨ - ¥é¡¼¤Î¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹. - - 1:Script started on Fri Dec 30 23:15:22 1994 - 2:uriah # cd /sys/compile/URIAH - 3:uriah # kgdb kernel /var/crash/vmcore.1 - 4:Reading symbol data from /usr/src/sys/compile/URIAH/kernel...done. - 5:IdlePTD 1f3000 - 6:panic: because you said to! - 7:current pcb at 1e3f70 - 8:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/machdep.c...done. - 9:(kgdb) where - 10:#0 boot (arghowto=256) (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 767) - 11:#1 0xf0115159 in panic () - 12:#2 0xf01955bd in diediedie () (../../i386/i386/machdep.c line 698) - 13:#3 0xf010185e in db_fncall () - 14:#4 0xf0101586 in db_command (-266509132, -266509516, -267381073) - 15:#5 0xf0101711 in db_command_loop () - 16:#6 0xf01040a0 in db_trap () - 17:#7 0xf0192976 in kdb_trap (12, 0, -272630436, -266743723) - 18:#8 0xf019d2eb in trap_fatal (...) - 19:#9 0xf019ce60 in trap_pfault (...) - 20:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (...) - 21:#11 0xf01932a1 in exception:calltrap () - 22:#12 0xf0191503 in cnopen (...) - 23:#13 0xf0132c34 in spec_open () - 24:#14 0xf012d014 in vn_open () - 25:#15 0xf012a183 in open () - 26:#16 0xf019d4eb in syscall (...) - 27:(kgdb) up 10 - 28:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/trap.c...done. - 29:#10 0xf019cb2f in trap (frame={tf_es = -260440048, tf_ds = 16, tf_\ - 30:edi = 3072, tf_esi = -266445372, tf_ebp = -272630356, tf_isp = -27\ - 31:2630396, tf_ebx = -266427884, tf_edx = 12, tf_ecx = -266427884, tf\ - 32:_eax = 64772224, tf_trapno = 12, tf_err = -272695296, tf_eip = -26\ - 33:6672343, tf_cs = -266469368, tf_eflags = 66066, tf_esp = 3072, tf_\ - 34:ss = -266427884}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 283) - 35:283 (void) trap_pfault(&frame, FALSE); - 36:(kgdb) frame frame->tf_ebp frame->tf_eip - 37:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c...done. - 38:#0 0xf01ae729 in pcopen (dev=3072, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(struct p\ - 39:roc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/isa/pcvt/pcvt_drv.c line 403) - 40:403 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp)); - 41:(kgdb) list - 42:398 - 43:399 tp->t_state |= TS_CARR_ON; - 44:400 tp->t_cflag |= CLOCAL; /* cannot be a modem (:-) */ - 45:401 - 46:402 #if PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) - 47:403 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp)); - 48:404 #else - 49:405 return ((*linesw[tp->t_line].l_open)(dev, tp, flag)); - 50:406 #endif /* PCVT_NETBSD || (PCVT_FREEBSD >= 200) */ - 51:407 } - 52:(kgdb) print tp - 53:Reading in symbols for ../../i386/i386/cons.c...done. - 54:$1 = (struct tty *) 0x1bae - 55:(kgdb) print tp->t_line - 56:$2 = 1767990816 - 57:(kgdb) up - 58:#1 0xf0191503 in cnopen (dev=0x00000000, flag=3, mode=8192, p=(st\ - 59:ruct proc *) 0xf07c0c00) (../../i386/i386/cons.c line 126) - 60: return ((*cdevsw[major(dev)].d_open)(dev, flag, mode, p)); - 61:(kgdb) up - 62:#2 0xf0132c34 in spec_open () - 63:(kgdb) up - 64:#3 0xf012d014 in vn_open () - 65:(kgdb) up - 66:#4 0xf012a183 in open () - 67:(kgdb) up - 68:#5 0xf019d4eb in syscall (frame={tf_es = 39, tf_ds = 39, tf_edi =\ - 69: 2158592, tf_esi = 0, tf_ebp = -272638436, tf_isp = -272629788, tf\ - 70:_ebx = 7086, tf_edx = 1, tf_ecx = 0, tf_eax = 5, tf_trapno = 582, \ - 71:tf_err = 582, tf_eip = 75749, tf_cs = 31, tf_eflags = 582, tf_esp \ - 72:= -272638456, tf_ss = 39}) (../../i386/i386/trap.c line 673) - 73:673 error = (*callp->sy_call)(p, args, rval); - 74:(kgdb) up - 75:Initial frame selected; you cannot go up. - 76:(kgdb) quit - 77:uriah # exit - 78:exit - 79: - 80:Script done on Fri Dec 30 23:18:04 1994 - - ¾å¤Î½ÐÎϤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Î¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - -trap()´Ø¿ô¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤Ç - ¤¹. -tp->t_line¤Ï¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Îµ¬Äê - ¤¹¤ë¹Ô¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤â¤Ã¤È¾®¤µ¤ÊÀ°¿ô¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤» - ¤ó. ) - - -ÆÍÁ³¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Î²òÀÏ - -

¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬Í½Áۤ⤷¤Ê¤¤»þ¤Ë¥³¥¢¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤Æ config -g - ¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤¿¤é¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤¬¼º¤ï¤ì¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Ñ¥Ë¥Ã¥¯¤òµ¯¤³¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, ¥¯¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¥À¥ó¥×¤ò»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - »È¤¤Êý¤ÏÁ°½Ò¤ÎÉôʬ¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç, (Makefile¤Î) - COPTFLAGS?=-O¤È¤¢¤ë¹Ô¤òÊÔ½¸¤·¤Þ¤¹. -g¥ª¥×¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤ò¤³¤³¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤Þ¤¹(¥ª¥×¥Æ¥£¥Þ¥¤¥º¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ï Êѹ¹¤·¤Ê - ¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ ). ¤â¤·Âç¤Þ¤«¤Ë¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¤É¤³¤ÇÌäÂ꤬µ¯¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤« (Îã - ¤¨¤Ð, ¾å¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï pcvt¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð) ¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤¿¤é, ¤½¤ÎÉô - ʬ¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¾Ã¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¥«¡¼¥Í - ¥ë¤òºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. Makefile¤Î¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥×¤ÎÊѹ¹¤Ë¤è¤ê, Î㤨¤Ð - trap.o ¤Ê¤É¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¾¤Î¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤âºî¤êľ¤µ - ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¾¯¤·¤Î¹¬±¿¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð, -g¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤âºî¤é - ¤ì¤ë¥³¡¼¥É¤ÏÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤º, ¤¤¤¯¤é¤«¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë°Ê³°¤Ë¤ÏÌäÂê¤ò - µ¯¤³¤·¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¤È¤½¤Ã¤¯¤ê¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â size¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¸Å¤¤Êý¤È¿·¤·¤¤Êý¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÈæ³Ó¤¹¤Ù - ¤­¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤¬¿©¤¤°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð, ¿ʬ¤¢¤­¤é¤á¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¥À¥ó¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÁ°½Ò¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°¤«¤·¤ÆÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Ï - ɬ¤º¤·¤â½½Ê¬¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¾å¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î´Ø - ¿ô¤Î¹ÔÈÖ¹æ¤ä°ú¿ô¥ê¥¹¥È¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤â¤·¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¥Ç - ¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ì¤Ð,½½Ê¬¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Þ¤ÇŬÀڤʥª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤ - ¥ë¤ò¾Ã¤·¤Æ (make¤·¤Æ) kgdb¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò·«¤êÊÖ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¤³¤ì¤Ïɬ¤º¤·¤â¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤¯¤ÈÊݾڤϤǤ­¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤·¤«¤·¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤¦ - ¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤¯¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -DDB¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥° - -

kgdb ¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òÄó - ¶¡¤¹¤ë¥ª¥Õ¥é¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¬¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - (¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ÎÃæ¤Ç)¶Ë¤á¤Æ½ÅÍפʤ³¤È¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¡¼¥É¤Ø¤Î¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¥Ý¥¤ - ¥ó¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤È¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎÄã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ì¤Ð, DDB¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë on-line¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã - ¥¬¤¬»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤ÎÀßÄê, ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¼Â - ¹Ô, ÊÑ¿ô¤Î¸¡ºº¤ÈÊѹ¹¤Ê¤É¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤À¤·,¤³¤ì¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. kgdb¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç - ¥Ð¥Ã¥°¾ðÊó¤Ë¤Ï¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤º, global¤È static¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ - ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë DDB¤ò´Þ¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥ª¥×¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ, - - - options DDB - - - ºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ( FreeBSD¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎÀßÄê¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ - ¤¤. ¤â¤·¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¬¸Å¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¤È, ¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¬¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤¬´° - Á´¤Ë¤Ï¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤ÇÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. DDB¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë - ¤¬¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òºÇ¿·¤Îʪ¤Ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ - ¤¤) - - DDB ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ, DDB¤ËÆþ¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ½é - ¤Î, ºÇ¤âÁᤤÊýË¡¤Ï¥Ö¡¼¥È¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ë-d¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È - ¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥â¡¼¥É¤Çµ¯Æ°¤·, ¥Ç¥Ð - ¥¤¥¹¤Î¥×¥í¡¼¥Ö°ÊÁ°¤Ë DDB¤ËÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥×¥í¡¼¥Ö/½é´ü - ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥ó¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - 2¤ÄÌܤΥ·¥Ê¥ê¥ª¤Ï¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Î¥Û¥Ã¥È¥­¡¼¤Ç, Ä̾ï¤Ï Ctrl-Alt-ESC¤Ç¤¹. - syscons ¤Ç¤Ï¥Û¥Ã¥È¥­¡¼¤ÏºÆÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­, ÇÛÉÕ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î - ¥­¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°¤Ç¤ÏÊ̤Υ­¡¼¤ËºÆÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î BREAK¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤«¤é DDB¤ØÆþ¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Ä - ǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹ (¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î - ``options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER''). ¤³¤ì¤Ï ¿¤¯¤Î¤Ä¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤¤¥·¥ê - ¥¢¥ë¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤¬, Î㤨¤Ð¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò°ú¤­È´¤¤¤¿»þ¤Ë BREAK¾õÂÖ¤ò°ÕÌ£¤â¤Ê¤¯ - ºî¤ê½Ð¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Î¤Ç¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - 3¤ÄÌܤÏ, DDB¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¥Ñ¥Ë¥Ã¥¯¾õÂ֤ˤʤë¤È DDB - ¤ØÆþ¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤¿¤á, ̵¿Í±¿Å¾¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËDDB¤ò - Æþ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï¸­ÌÀ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - DDB¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¤ª¤ª¤Þ¤«¤Ë¤Ï gdb ¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤È»÷¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤ª¤½¤é¤¯ºÇ½é¤Ë¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£ - - b function-name - b address - - - ¿ôÃͤϥǥե©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï16¿Ê¿ô¤Ç, ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë̾¤È¤Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯°Û¤ê¤Þ¤¹. 16¿Ê¿ô¤Ç - a-f ¤Îʸ»ú¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ÀèƬ¤Ë - 0x¤ò¤Ä¤±¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹(¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¿ô»ú¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤É¤Á¤é¤Ç¤â¤« - ¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó). function-name + 0x103¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êñ½ã¤Ê¼°¤ò»È¤¦¤³ - ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤µ¤ì¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤«¤é½èÍý¤ò³¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, - - c - - ¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - ¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤Î¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ï - - trace - - ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - DDB ¤Ë¥Û¥Ã¥È¥­¡¼¤ÇÆþ¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¤½¤Î (¥Û¥Ã¥È¥­¡¼¤Î) ³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß - ¤Î½èÍý¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤Ï¤¢¤Þ¤êÌò¤Ë¤¿¤¿¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí - °Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤òºï½ü¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - - del - del address-expression - - ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ½é¤Î·Á¼°¤Ï¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤Ë¥Ò¥Ã¥È¤·¤¿¤¹¤°¸å¤Ç»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬ - ¤Ç¤­, ¸½ºß¤Î¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤òºï½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. 2ÈÖÌܤηÁ¼°¤Ç¤ÏǤ°Õ¤Î¥Ö¥ì¡¼ - ¥¯¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¼¡¤Î·Á¼°¤ÇÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÀµ³Î¤Ê - ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. - - show b - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤»¤ë¤Ë¤Ï - - s - - ¤È¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤ì¤Ï´Ø¿ô¸Æ½Ð¤·Àè¤Þ¤Ç¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¼Â¹Ô (step into - function) ¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¼¡¤Î¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È¥á¥ó¥È¤¬½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎDDB¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¤Ï - - n - - ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - Note: ¤³¤ì¤Ï gdb ¤Î `next' Ì¿Îá¤È¤Ï°Û¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - gdb¤Î `finish'Ì¿Îá¤È»÷¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥á¥â¥ê¾å¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤Ë¤Ï (Îã¤È¤·¤Æ) ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - x/wx 0xf0133fe0,40 - x/hd db_symtab_space - x/bc termbuf,10 - x/s stringbuf - - word/halfword/byte ñ°Ì¤Ç¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤, hex (16¿Ê) /dec (10¿Ê) / -char (ʸ»ú) /string (ʸ»úÎó) ¤Çɽ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥«¥ó¥Þ¤Î¸å¤í¤Î¿ô»ú¤Ï¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯ -¥È¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¹. ¼¡¤Î 0x10¸Ä¤ÎÍ×ÁǤòɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ñ½ã¤Ë - - x ,10 - - ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ƱÍͤ˼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - x/ia foofunc,10 - - foofunc¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î 0x10¸Ä¤ÎÌ¿Îá¸ì¤ò¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥ë¤·, - foofunc¤ÎÀèƬ¤«¤é¤Î¥ª¥Õ¥»¥Ã¥È¤È¤È¤â¤Ëɽ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥á¥â¥ê¤ÎÆâÍƤòÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï write¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - w/b termbuf 0xa 0xb 0 - w/w 0xf0010030 0 0 - - ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥â¥Ç¥£¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥¢¤Î (b/h/w) ¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò - ½ñ¤¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÄêµÁ¤·, ¤³¤ì¤Ë³¤¯ºÇ½é¤Î¼°¤Ï½ñ¤­¹þ¤à¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹, »Ä¤ê¤¬¤³¤ì - ¤Ë³¤¯Ï¢Â³¤¹¤ë¥á¥â¥ê¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¸½ºß¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿·²¤ÎÆâÍƤòÃΤꤿ¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï - - show reg - - ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, ñ°ì¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤ÎÃͤòɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, Î㤨¤Ð - - p $eax - - ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿ÃͤÎÊѹ¹¤Ï - - set $eax new-value - - ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - DDB¤«¤é¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î´Ø¿ô¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ñ¤Ë - - call func(arg1, arg2, ...) - - ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. return Ãͤ¬½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î ps(1)¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Î³µÍ×¤Ï - - ps - - ¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¼ºÇԤθ¶°ø¤ÎÄ´ºº¤¬½ª¤ï¤Ã¤¿¤é¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î - ÉÔ¶ñ¹ç¤Ë¤è¤ê¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÉôʬ¤¬´üÂÔ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÆ°ºî¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤± - ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò˺¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. °Ê²¼¤Î¤¦¤Á¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¥· - ¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È¥À¥¦¥ó¤ª¤è¤Ó¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - call diediedie() - - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥³¥¢¥À¥ó¥×¤·¤Æ¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¸å¤Ç kgdb¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥³¥¢¤Î¹â - ¥ì¥Ù¥ë²òÀϤò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÏÄ̾ï - `continue'Ì¿Îá¤Ë¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - `panic'¤Ë¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë - - call boot(0) - - ¤ÏÆ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò `clean' ¤Ë shut down¤¹¤ë¤è¤¤ÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹. ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ - ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò sync()¤·¤ÆºÇ¸å¤Ë¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤È¥«¡¼ - ¥Í¥ë¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬ÇË»¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê, ¤Û¤Ü´°Á´ - ¤Ë `clean'¤Ë¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È¥À¥¦¥ó¤¹¤ë¤è¤¤ÊýË¡¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - call cpu_reset() - - ¤ÏÂç»´»ö¤òËɤ°¤¿¤á¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Î¼êÃʤǡÖÀÖ¤¤Â礭¤Ê¥Ü¥¿¥ó¡×¤ò²¡¤¹¤Î¤È¤Û¤È¤ó¤É - Ʊ¤¸¤Ç¤¹.(ÌõÃí: ¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤Î¤È¤Û¤ÜƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤¹) - - û¤¤¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÎÍ×Ìó¤Ï - - help - - ¤ò¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤À¤·, ¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë ddb(4) ¤Î - ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È¤òÍÑ°Õ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤ò¶¯¤¯¤ª¾©¤á¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×Ãæ¤Ë¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤òÆɤळ¤È¤ÏÆñ¤·¤¤ - ¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò³Ð¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¥ê¥â¡¼¥È GDB ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥° - -

¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï FreeBSD 2.2 ¤«¤é¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤³¤ì¤ÏËÜÅö¤Ë¤¹¤Ð¤é¤· -¤¤µ¡Ç½¤Ç¤¹. - - GDB ¤Ï¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¤«¤Ê¤ê°ÊÁ°¤è¤ê config -g ¤Ç¹Ô¤Ê - ¤¤, strip -x ¤Ç¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ò¼è¤ê½ü¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ -% gdb -k kernel -GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it - under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions. -There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details. -GDB 4.16 (i386-unknown-freebsd), -Copyright 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc... -(kgdb) - - - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î½é´ü²½ (1ÈÖÌܤΥ·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë - ¤³¤È¤ÎÀßÄê) ¤ò°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¹Ô¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -(kgdb) target remote /dev/cuaa0 - - - ¼¡¤Ë¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥·¥ó (¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥×¥í¡¼¥ÖľÁ°¤Ç DDB ¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹) - ¤Ç¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹: - - -Debugger("Boot flags requested debugger") -Stopped at Debugger+0x35: movb $0, edata+0x51bc -db> gdb - - - DDB ¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê½ÐÎϤòÊÖ¤¹¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -Next trap will enter GDB remote protocol mode - - - ``gdb''¤ÈÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È GDB ¤È¥í¡¼¥«¥ë DDB ¤¬¸ò¸ß¤ËÀÚ¤êÂؤï - ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥È¥é¥Ã¥×¤ò¤¹¤°¤Ëµ¯¤³¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ëñ¤Ë ``s'' (step) ¤ÈÆþÎϤ·¤Æ²¼ - ¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î GDB ¤Ï¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎÀ©¸æ¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤è - ¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -Remote debugging using /dev/cuaa0 -Debugger (msg=0xf01b0383 "Boot flags requested debugger") - at ../../i386/i386/db_interface.c:257 -(kgdb) - - - ¤³¤Î¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤Ø¤Î¥Õ¥ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤ä Emacs ¤Î window ¾å - ¤Î gud-mode (¤³¤ì¤ÏÊ̤ΠEmacs window ¤Ë¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤òɽ¼¨¤· - ¤Þ¤¹) ¤ÇÆ°¤«¤¹¤Ê¤É, Ä̾ï¤Î GDB ¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ç¤­¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¤³ - ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

¥ê¥â¡¼¥È GDB ¤Ï LKM ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¤â¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ½é¤Ë LKM ¤ò - ¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤ò´Þ¤á¤¿·Á¤Çºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -# cd /usr/src/lkm/linux -# make clean; make COPTS=-g - - - ¤½¤·¤Æ¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥·¥ó¾å¤Ç¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Î¤³¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤· - ¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ò¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤«¤é, modstat ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - -# linux -# modstat -Type Id Off Loadaddr Size Info Rev Module Name -EXEC 0 4 f5109000 001c f510f010 1 linux_mod - - -¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿¥í¡¼¥É¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë 0x20 (a.out¤Î¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¤³¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ç¤·¤ç -¤¦) ¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¬¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¥³¡¼¥É¤ÎºÆÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç¤¹. -GDB ¤Î add-symbol-file ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥¬¤Ë¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Î -¾ðÊó¤ò¤Ä¤¿¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - -(kgdb) add-symbol-file /usr/src/lkm/linux/linux_mod.o 0xf5109020 -add symbol table from file "/usr/src/lkm/linux/linux_mod.o" at -text_addr = 0xf5109020? -(y or n) y -(kgdb) - - -¤³¤ì¤Ç LKM ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥° - -

DDB¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¤«¤é, ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é - ¥¤¥Ð¼«¿È¤ËÉÔ¶ñ¹ç¤Î¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ÏÊ£»¨¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤òÍø - ÍѤ¹¤ëÊýË¡ (¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤« Boot:¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ç - -h¤ÈÆþÎϤ¹¤ë) ¤ò»×¤¤½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤·¤Æɸ½à¥¿¡¼ - ¥ß¥Ê¥ë¤òºÇ½é¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. DDB¤Ï, ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥³ - ¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤ò´Þ¤à¤¤¤º¤ì¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤âÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kernelopts.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kernelopts.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 21ceaec..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/kernelopts.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄɲ乤ë - - -

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-FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Î Linux ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, ÂçÉôʬ¤Î Linux ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê(a.out -¤ª¤è¤Ó ELF ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È)¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¾õÂ֤ˤʤäƤ¤¤Þ¤¹. 2.1-STABLE ¥Ö¥é¥ó -¥Á¤Ç¤Î¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï, Linux DOOM ¤ä Mathematica ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE ¤Ç¤Î¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, ¤µ¤é¤Ë¶¯²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, Linux ÍÑ -¤Î Quake, Abuse, IDL, netrek ¤Ê¤É, ¿¿ô¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -Linux ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ÆÃÍ­¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤¢¤ê, FreeBSD -¤Ç¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Linux ¤Î /proc ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à -¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó (FreeBSD ¤Ç»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ê -/proc ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¤Ï»ÅÍͤ¬°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹). ¤Þ¤¿²¾ÁÛ8086¥â¡¼ -¥É¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤É, i386 ¤ËÆÃÍ­¤Ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤â¼Â¹Ô -¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

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2.1-STABLE ¤Î GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï, Linux ¤È¤Î¸ß´¹À­¤òÊݤĤ褦¤Ë¹½ÃÛ -¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. ºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤Ë¤Ï, 2¤Ä¤ÎÊý -Ë¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. 1¤Ä¤Ï, ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¼«ÂΤ˥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤¹ -¤ëÊýË¡. ¤â¤¦1¤Ä¤Ï, ưŪ¤Ë Linux ¥í¡¼¥À¥Ö¥ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë(LKM)¤ò¥í¡¼ -¥É¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹. - -

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¿¤¯¤Î Linux ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, -¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬½ªÎ»¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Î¥¤¥ó -¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ï½ª¤ï¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¼êÆ°¤Ç¤â¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, -linux_lib port ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤Î¤¬´Êñ¤Ç¤¹. - - -% cd /usr/ports-current/emulators/linux_lib -% make all install - - - -¤³¤ì¤Ç, Linux ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿¤¬Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. ÅÁÀâ(¤È¥á¡¼ -¥ë¤Î¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö :-) ¤Ë¤è¤ì¤Ð, Linux ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, ZMAGIC ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é -¥ê¤È¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë Linux ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, ºÇ¤â¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç -¤¹. Slackware V2.0 ¤Ê¤É¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë QMAGIC ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤À¤È, ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼ -¥¿¤¬¶»¤ä¤±¤¹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ì¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þÅÀ(1996ǯ5·î)¤Ç, ELF -¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï°ÍÁ³¼Â¸³Ãʳ¬¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤«¤Ê¤ê¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹. -¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎÉÔ°ìÃפʤɤòÊó¹ð¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ÉáÄÌ¤Ï -ÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹. - -¼êÆ°¤Ç¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - -

``ports'' ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¼ê¸µ¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¼êÆ°¤Ç¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é -¥ê¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬É¬ÍפȤ¹¤ë Linux ¤Î¥·¥§ -¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤È¥é¥¤¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥ê¥ó¥«¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. ¤Þ¤¿ Linux ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê -¤ÎÍѤÎ``shadow root'' ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê, /compat/linux, ¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢ -¤ê¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD ¤ÇÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë Linux ¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤ -¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ï,¤Þ¤º¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤«¤é¸¡º÷¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, Linux ¤Î¥×¥í -¥°¥é¥à¤¬/lib/libc.so ¤ò¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Ï, ¤Þ¤º -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so ¤ò³«¤³¤¦¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¸ºß¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, -¼¡¤Ë /lib/libc.so ¤ò»î¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ï, Linux ¤Î ld.so -¤¬»²¾È¤¹¤ë¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, /compat/linux/lib °Ê²¼¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë -ɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï, /compat/linux ¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤ëÆ°ºî¤¬Â¿¾¯°Û¤Ê¤ê¤Þ -¤¹. -CURRENT ¤Ç¤Ï, ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬, ``shadow -root'' /compat/linux ¤«¤é¸¡º÷¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -Linux ¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬É¬ÍפȤ¹¤ë¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤òõ¤¹É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï, -FreeBSD ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë Linux ¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëºÇ½é¤Î¿ô²ó¤À -¤±¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤½¤ì¤¬²á¤®¤ì¤Ð, ½½Ê¬¤Ê Linux ¤Î¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬¥·¥¹ -¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì, ¿·¤·¤¯¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿ Linux ¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤â, ; -·×¤Êºî¶È¤ò¤»¤º¤ËÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÄɲà - -

-linux_port ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë, ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬É¬Íפʥ饤¥Ö¥é¥ê -¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò½Ð¤·¤¿¤é¤É¤¦¤·¤¿¤é¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? Linux ¤Î¥Ð -¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤¬¤É¤Î¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤òɬÍפȤ·, ¤½¤·¤Æ¤É¤³¤ÇÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«, -¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëõ¤·¤¿¤é¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? ´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î2¼ïÎà¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê -¤Þ¤¹(°Ê²¼¤Î¼ê½ç¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ɬÍפʥ¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëºî¶È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ FreeBSD ¥· -¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Ç root ¤È¤·¤Æºî¶È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹). - -

Linux ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò»ÈÍѤǤ­, ɬÍפʥ·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬Ä´¤Ù¤é¤ì¤ë¾ì -¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ñ¤Ë FreeBSD ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤½¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç -¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, DOOM ¤Î Linux ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤ò ftp ¤Ç»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤¿¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. »ÈÍÑ¤Ç -¤­¤ë Linux ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¾å¤ËžÁ÷¤·¤Æ, `ldd linuxxdoom' ¤È¤ä¤ì¤Ð, ɬÍפȤ¹ -¤ë¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - -% ldd linuxxdoom -libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0 -libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0 -libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -

-ºÇ¸å¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»ý¤Ã¤ÆÍè¤Æ, /compat/linux ¤Î²¼ -¤ËÃÖ¤­, ºÇ½é¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤Ë¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤«¤é¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄ¥¤ëɬ -Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, FreeBSD ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬É¬ -ÍפȤʤê¤Þ¤¹. - - -/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0 -/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3 -> libXt.so.3.1.0 -/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0 -/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0 -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29 -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -

-ºÇ½é¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È, ¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎƱ¤¸ Linux -¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò´û¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¿·¤¿¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë -ɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ´û¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÇÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. ¤¿¤À, ¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼ -¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¿·¤·¤¤¤â¤Î¤ò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò -¤ª¾©¤á¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¿·¤·¤¤¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ë¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤é, ¸Å¤¤¥é -¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ïºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27 -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.27 - - -°Ê¾å¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤ËÂФ¹¤ë -ldd ¤Î½ÐÎϤ¬°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£ - - -libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËºÇ¸å¤ÎÈֹ椬1¤Ä¤«2¤Ä¸Å¤¤¤À¤±¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ÉáÄÌ¤Ï -/lib/libc.so.4.6.29 ¤ò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤ï¤º¤«¤Ë¸Å¤¤¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é -¥ê¤Ç¤â, ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÏÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤Ï¤º¤À¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, ¿·¤·¤¤¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê -¤ÈÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Æ, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤â¹½¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29 -/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -

¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Î¥á¥«¥Ë¥º¥à¤Ï, Linux ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤Ë¤Î¤ßɬÍ× -¤Ê¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. FreeBSD ¤Î¥é¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥ê¥ó¥«¤Ï, ¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç -¥óÈÖ¹æ¤Î°ìÃפ·¤¿¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò¸¡º÷¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¤é, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬µ¤¤Ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê -¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -ld.so ¤ÎÀßÄê -- FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE ¤Î¤ß - -

¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, FreeBSD 2.2-CURRENT °Ê¹ß¤Ë¤Î¤ßÅö¤Æ¤Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -2.1-STABLE ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÊý¤Ï, Èô¤Ð¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

-ºÇ¸å¤Ë, FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE ¤ò»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, Linux ¤Î¥é¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥ê¥ó¥«¤È -¤½¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËƳÆþ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï, FreeBSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎŬÀڤʰÌÃÖ(/compat/linux ¥Ä¥ê¡¼°Ê -²¼)¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - -/compat/linux/lib/ld.so -/compat/linux/etc/ld.so.config - - - -

»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë Linux ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¶á¤¯¤Î FTP ¥µ¥¤ -¥È¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ³Æ¼ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆþ¼êÀè¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò, ¸å¤ËÉÕ -¤±¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, ɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆþ¼êÀ褬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Þ -¤¹. - -

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ldconfig ¤È ldd ¤Ï, /compat/linux ¤Î²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à -¤Î¤É¤³¤Ë¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¹½¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤¿¤À, FreeBSD ¤ÎƱ̾¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤È´Ö°ã¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë -Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. /usr/local/bin ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë, ldconfig-linux, ldd-linux ¤È¤· -¤Æ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤â¤è¤¤¥¢¥¤¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. -

-/compat/linux/etc/ld.so.conf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®¤·, Linux ¥é¥¤¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥ê¥ó¥« -¤¬¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò¸¡º÷¤¹¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡ -¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥×¥ì¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¹Ô¤Ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê̾¤ò´Þ¤ß¤Þ -¤¹. /lib ¤È /usr/lib ¤Ïɸ½à¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬ÄɲäǤ­¤Þ -¤¹. - - -/usr/X11/lib -/usr/local/lib - - - -

-Linux ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤¬, /lib/libc.so ¤È¤¤¤¦¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò³«¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç, ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼ -¥¿¤ÏÆâÉô¤Ç, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò /compat/linux/lib/libc.so ¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥¨ -¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿¤¬¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò¸¡º÷¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î Linux ¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê -(/compat/linux/lib/libc.so, /compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so ¤Ê¤É) -¤Ï, /compat/linux °Ê²¼¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, Linux ¤Î ldconfig ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à -¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -% cd /compat/linux/lib -% /compat/linux/sbin/ldconfig - - - -

-ldconfig ¤Ï¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤«¤é, ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é -¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Þ¤»¤ó. ldconfig ¤Ï, /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®¤·, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î̾Á°¤ò³ÊǼ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥é¥¤ -¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÄɲäò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ldconfig ¤òºÆ¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºî¤ê -ľ¤µ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -2.1-STABLE ¤Ç¤Ï, /compat/linux/etc/ld.so.cache ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¤ê, -ldconfig ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤¿¤ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. 2.1-STABLE ¤Ç¤Ï, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼ -¥ë¤Î¼ÂÁõÊýË¡¤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¤¿¤á, ldconfig ¤Ï»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

-¤³¤ì¤Ç, libc ¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ë Linux ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëÀß -Ä꤬½ªÎ»¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ldd ¤ò ldd ¼«¿È¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¥Æ¥¹¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -ldd-linux ¤È¤·¤Æ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê·ë²Ì¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ï¤º -¤Ç¤¹. - - - -% ldd-linux `which ldd-linux` -libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29 - - - -

¤³¤³¤Þ¤Ç½ªÎ»¤¹¤ì¤Ð, ¿·¤·¤¤ Linux ¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -¿·¤·¤¤ Linux ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï, ¤½¤ì¤¬¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö -¥é¥ê¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ɬÍפȤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -/compat/linux °Ê²¼¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³ -¤ì¤Ï, Linux ¤Î ldd ¤ò¿·¤·¤¤¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤·, ½ÐÎϤò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤³ -¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ldd(ldd(1)¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤â»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤)¤Ï, ¥× -¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬É¬ÍפȤ¹¤ë¥·¥§¥¢¡¼¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò, majorname -(jumpversion) => fullname ¤È¤¤¤¦·Á¼°¤Ç½ÐÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹. - -

-fullname ¤Î¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë ``not found'' ¤È½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÄɲäò¤¹ -¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ɬÍפʥ饤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î̾Á°¤Ï, majorname ¤Ë -libXXXX.so.N.mm ¤È¤¤¤¦·Á¼°¤Ç¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. Linux ¤Î FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç -libXXXX.so.N.mm ¤òõ¤·, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. XXXX(̾Á°)¤ÈN(¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼ -¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥óÈÖ¹æ)¤Ï°ìÃפ·¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼ÈÖ¹æ mm ¤Ï, ¤½¤ì¤Û -¤É½ÅÍפǤϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ¤Ê¤ë¤Ù¤¯ºÇ¿·¤Î¤â¤Î¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ -¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¥Û¥¹¥È¥Í¡¼¥à¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê - -

DNS ¤¬¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°ºî¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì -¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, /compat/linux/etc/host.conf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -resolv+: "bind" is an invalid keyword -resolv+: "hosts" is an invalid keyword - - -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆâÍƤò°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -order hosts, bind -multi on - - -¤³¤³¤Ç, order ¤Ï /etc/hosts ¤òºÇ½é¤Ë¸¡º÷¤·, ¼¡¤ËDNS¤ò¸¡º÷¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë»ØÄê -¤·¤Þ¤¹. /compat/linux/etc/host.conf ¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -Linux ¤Î¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Î /etc/host.conf ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ, -ʸˡ¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ë¤è¤ë·Ù¹ð¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. /etc/resolv.conf ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼ -¥Ð¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, `bind' ¤òºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

ºÇ¸å¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, 2.1-STABLE ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -RESOLV_HOST_CONF ´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ, ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¥Û¥¹¥È¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë -¤Î¸¡º÷ÊýË¡¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç -¤Ï, ¥¹¥­¥Ã¥×¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. /bin/csh ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤· -¤Þ¤¹. - - -setenv RESOLV_HOST_CONF /compat/linux/etc/host.conf - - - -/bin/sh¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - -RESOLV_HOST_CONF=/compat/linux/etc/host.conf; export RESOLV_HOST_CONF - - - -ɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤òõ¤¹¤Ë¤Ï - -

-Ãí°Õ: °Ê²¼¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï, ¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿»þÅÀ¤Ç¤ÏÍ­¸ú¤Ç¤¹¤¬, FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î -̾Á°, ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê, ÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ê¤É¤Ï, Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ -¤¹. -

-ÌõÃí: ¤³¤³¤Ë¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ï, ÆüËܹñÆâ¤Ë¤â¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È -¤¬Â¿¿ô¸ºß¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ê¤ë¤Ù¤¯¶á¤¯¤Î FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÆþ¼ê¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À -¤µ¤¤. - -

-Linux ¤Ï, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤¬, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìÆȼ«¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥êÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤òºîÀ® -¤·¤ÆÇÛÉÛ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï, ``Slackware'' ¤ä ``Yggdrasil'' ¤Ê¤É -¤Î̾Á°¤¬¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï, ¿¤¯¤Î FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é -Æþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Å¸³«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤ß¤ò¼èÆÀ¤Ç¤­¤ë -¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, Ä̾ï¤Ï°µ½Ì¤µ¤ì¤¿ÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î·Á¤ÇÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ÇÛÉÛ -¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ï, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë, gzip ¤Ç°µ½Ì¤µ¤ì¤¿ tar ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -¤È¤·¤Æ³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î°ì¼¡ÇÛÉÛÀè¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê -¤Ç¤¹. - -sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/distributions -tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/distributions - - -

-¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñ¤Î¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤ÎÎã: - -ftp.luth.se:/pub/linux/distributions -ftp.demon.co.uk:/pub/linux/distributions -src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/packages/linux/distributions - - -

-º®Íð¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï Slackware ¤À¤±¤ò¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã -¥È¤Ï, ¿¤¯¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÆâ¤Ë¤¢¤ëÊÌ¡¹¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ -¤¹. Ä̾ï, ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤è¤ê¼«Æ°Åª¤ËÀ©¸æ¤µ¤ì¤Þ -¤¹¤¬, ``¼êÆ°¤Ç''¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. ¤Þ¤ºÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤ÎÃæ¤Î, -``contents'' ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÆâÍƤò½ñ¤¯¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤³¤Ë¤Ï¿¤¯ -¤Î¾®¤µ¤Ê¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ª¤ê, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ÎÆâÍƤ¬µ­½Ò -¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤òõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤Þ¤º contents Æâ¤Î¥Æ¥­ -¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼èÆÀ¤·, ¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃ椫¤é grep ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¸¡º÷¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬, -ºÇ¤â®¤¤ÊýË¡¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. °Ê²¼¤ËɬÍפȤʤë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò, grep ¤ò»ÈÍÑ -¤·¤Æ¸¡º÷¤·¤¿Îã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -Library Package -ld.so ldso -ldconfig ldso -ldd ldso -libc.so.4 shlibs -libX11.so.6.0 xf_lib -libXt.so.6.0 xf_lib -libX11.so.3 oldlibs -libXt.so.3 oldlibs - - -

-¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ldso, shlibs, xf_lib, oldlibs ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤¬É¬Íפʤ³¤È -¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Îcontents¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¤Ç, ``PACKAGE LOCATION'' -¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¹Ô¤òõ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤Î¹Ô¤Ë, ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ç¥£ -¥¹¥¯, º£²ó¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê̾¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, °Ê²¼¤Î -¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -Package Location -ldso diska2 -shlibs diska2 -oldlibs diskx6 -xf_lib diskx9 - - -

``diskXX'' ¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï, ÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î ``slackware/XX'' ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê -¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ``contrib'' ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë³ÊǼ¤µ¤ì¤Æ -¤¤¤Þ¤¹. º£²ó¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹ -(¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ï, ÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤«¤é¤ÎÁêÂХѥ¹¤Ç¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¢ -¤ê¤Þ¤¹). - - -slakware/a2/ldso.tgz -slakware/a2/shlibs.tgz -slakware/x6/oldlibs/tgz -slakware/x9/xf_lib.tgz - - - -

-gzip ¤Ç°µ½Ì¤µ¤ì¤¿ tar ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤éɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤ò /compat/linux ¥Ç¥£ -¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë³ÊǼ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤(ɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤ß¤òŸ³«¤¹¤ë¤«, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ïɬ -ÍפǤʤ¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¸å¤Çºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤). ¤³¤ì¤Çºî¶È¤Ï½ªÎ»¤Ç¤¹. - -

»²¾È: - -ftp.freebsd.org:pub/FreeBSD/2.0.5-RELEASE/xperimnt/linux-emu/README - -/usr/src/sys/i386/ibcs2/README.iBCS2 - - -FreeBSD ¤Ø¤Î Mathematica ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - -

¸¶ºî: &a.rich and &a.chuck -

Ìõ: &a.kiroh;. - -¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Ï, Mathematica 2.2 ¤Î Linux ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò, -FreeBSD 2.1 ¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

-Mathematica ¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï FreeBSD ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, Linux ¤Ï -¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, Linux ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ÎÀßÄ꤬½ª¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¨ -¤Ð, Mathematica ¤òÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë´Ä¶­¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤ÉÀ°¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

-DOS ÍѤΥ¹¥Á¥å¡¼¥Ç¥ó¥ÈÈÇ Mathematica ¤«¤é Linux ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼ -¥É²Á³Ê¤Ï, ¼¹É®»þÅÀ (1996ǯ5·î) ¤Ç¤Ï, $45.00 ¤Ç¤¹. -ľÀÜ Wolfram(ÅÅÏÃÈÖ¹æ(217) 398-6500)¤ËÃíʸ¤·¤Æ, »Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¥¯¥ì¥¸¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼ -¥É¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£ - -Mathematica ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎŸ³« -

-¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤Ï, Wolfram ¤«¤é CDROM ¤ÇÇÛÉÛ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. CDROM ¤Ë¤Ï, 1¥À¡¼ -¥¹¤Û¤É¤Î tar ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ -¥¯¥Á¥ã¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. Linux ÍѤΥե¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï, LINUX.TAR ¤Ç¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð -/usr/local/Mathematica °Ê²¼¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ -¤¹. - - -% cd /usr/local -% mkdir Mathematica -% cd Mathematica -% tar -xvf /cdrom/LINUX.TAR - - - -Mathematica ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Î¼èÆÀ -

-Mathematica ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë, »ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿ `machine ID' ¤ò -Wolfram ¤«¤é¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

-Linux ¸ß´¹¥é¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, mathematica ¤ÎŸ -³«¤¬½ªÎ»¤·¤¿¤é, Install ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç `mathinfo' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹ -¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç `machine ID' ¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - -% cd /usr/local/Mathematica/Install -% mathinfo -LINUX: 'ioctl' fd=5, typ=0x89(), num=0x27 not implemented -richc.isdn.bcm.tmc.edu 9845-03452-90255 -% - - -¤³¤³¤Ç, `richc' ¤Î `machine ID' ¤Ï, `9845-03452-90255' ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -ioctl ¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï̵»ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤À FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. -Mathematica ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤ËƱÍͤΥá¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¼ÂºÝ¤Î»È -ÍѤËÌäÂê¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç, ̵»ë¤·¤Æ¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

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- ¤Þ¤º¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Ë, .mc ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹. - /usr/src/usr.sbin/snemdail/cf/cf ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÃÖ¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ë¤Ï´û¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÎ㤬 - ÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - foo.mc ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤ÇºîÀ®¤·¤¿¤È²¾Äꤹ¤ë¤È, - ¤½¤ì¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ê sendmail.cf ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, - ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/cf - make foo.cf - cp foo.cf /etc/sendmail.cf - - - ŵ·¿Åª¤Ê .mc ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆâÍƤǤ¹: - - - include(`../m4/cf.m4') - VERSIONID(`Your version number') - OSTYPE(bsd4.4) - - FEATURE(nodns) - FEATURE(nocanonify) - FEATURE(mailertable) - - define(`UUCP_RELAY', your.uucp.relay) - define(`UUCP_MAX_SIZE', 200000) - - MAILER(local) - MAILER(smtp) - MAILER(uucp) - - Cw your.alias.host.name - Cw youruucpnodename.UUCP - - - nodns ¤È nocanonify ¤Ï, ¥á¡¼¥ëÇÛÁ÷¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ - ºÝ¤Ë, DNS ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤¹. - UUCP_RELAY ¤Ï, ɬÍפÊÀßÄê¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤ÏÍýͳ¤ò - ÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¼ÁÌ䤷¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - .UUCP ²¾Áۥɥᥤ¥ó¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò°·¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È - ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯, »ÈÍѤ¹¤ë ISP ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ëÃæ·Ñ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò¤½¤³¤Ëµ­½Ò¤¹¤ë - ¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

- ¤³¤ÎÀßÄ꤬½ªÎ»¤·¤¿¤é, /etc/mailertable ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬É¬Íפˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Îŵ·¿Åª¤ÊÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - # - # makemap hash /etc/mailertable.db < /etc/mailertable - # - horus.interface-business.de uucp-dom:horus - .interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus - interface-business.de uucp-dom:if-bus - .heep.sax.de smtp8:%1 - horus.UUCP uucp-dom:horus - if-bus.UUCP uucp-dom:if-bus - . uucp-dom:sax - - - ¸«¤Æʬ¤«¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¤³¤ì¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î°ìÉô - ¤Ç¤¹. ¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Î»°¹Ô¤Ï, ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬ - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È¤ËÁ÷¿®¤»¤º¤Ë, ÇÛÁ÷¥Ñ¥¹¤ò¡Öû½Ì¡×¤·¤Æ, ÎÙÀÜ - UUCP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤¹. - ¼¡¤Î¹Ô¤Ï, ¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò SMTP ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤ÆÇÛÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥í¡¼¥«¥ë - ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¾å¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤¹. - ºÇ¸å¤Ë, UUCP Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤¬, .UUCP ¤È¤¤¤¦²¾ÁÛ¥É - ¥á¥¤¥óɽµ­¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, - ¡Öuucp-neighbor!recipient¡×¤ò¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Èµ¬Â§¤Ç½ñ´¹¤¨¤ë¤¿¤á - ¤Ç¤¹. ºÇ½ª¹Ô¤Ïɬ¤º ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥É¥Ã¥È (.) ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - ¾åµ­¤Î¤É¤Î¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤Ë¤âÅö¤Æ¤Ï¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤¤Á÷¿®Àè¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿ - ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤ÎÀ¤³¦Ãæ¤Ø¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ëÎÙÀÜ - UUCP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë, UUCP ¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÇÛÁ÷¤·¤Þ¤¹. - uucp-dom: ¤È¤¤¤¦¥­¡¼¥ï¡¼¥É¤Î¸å¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î - ¥Î¡¼¥É̾¤Ï, ÎÙÀÜ UUCP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤½¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤È UUCP Àܳ¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Ï, ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É - uuname ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ³Î¤«¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

- ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò DBM ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤ - ¥ë¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò˺¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤³¤ì¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É - ¹Ô¤Ï, mailertable ¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤È¤·¤Æµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - Ä̾ï, ¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï, mailertable ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Ê - ¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

- ºÇ½ª¥Ò¥ó¥È: ¤â¤·¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÆÃÄê¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë·ÐÏ©¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë - ¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤¬¿´Çۤʤé¤Ð, sendmail ¤Î -bt ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó - ¤ò³Ð¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï sendmail - ¤ò ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¥Æ¥¹¥È¥â¡¼¥É ¤Çµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¥á¡¼¥ë¤Î·ÐÏ©¤ò¥Æ¥¹¥È¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, 0 ¤Î¤¢¤È¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë·ÐÏ©¤ò¥Æ¥¹¥È - ¤·¤¿¤¤¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ºÇ¸å¤Î¹Ô¤Ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë - ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥á¡¼¥ë¥¨¡¼¥¸¥§¥ó¥È (¥á¡¼¥ëÃæ·Ñ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à) ¤È, - ¤³¤Î¥¨¡¼¥¸¥§¥ó¥È¤Ë¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë°¸Àè¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È, - (ËÝÌõ²Äǽ¤Ê¾ì¹ç) ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤ò - ½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, Control-D ¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - - j@uriah 191% sendmail -bt - ADDRESS TEST MODE (ruleset 3 NOT automatically invoked) - Enter

- > 0 foo@interface-business.de - rewrite: ruleset 0 input: foo @ interface-business . de - ... - rewrite: ruleset 0 returns: $# uucp-dom $@ if-bus $: foo \ - < @ interface-business . de > - > ^D - j@uriah 192% - - - -¤è¤¯¤¢¤ë¼ÁÌä (FAQ) - -

¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, FAQ ¤«¤é°ÜÆ°¤·¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - - - ¤É¤¦¤·¤Æ Ʊ¤¸¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ´°Á´¤Ê·Á¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾ (FQDN) ¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Î? -

- ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯, ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï°ã¤¦¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Ë°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - Î㤨¤Ð, ¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ foo.bar.edu ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Ë¤¤¤Æ, - bar.edu ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ÎÃæ¤Î¡Ömumble¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÀܳ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï, ¡Ömumble¡×¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ - ¡Ömumble.bar.edu¡×¤È¤¤¤¦´°Á´¤Ê·Á¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾ (FQDN) ¤Ë¤è¤Ã - ¤Æ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

- ÅÁÅýŪ¤Ë, ¤³¤ì¤Ï BSD BIND ¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤Ç¤Ïµö¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. - ¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é, FreeBSD ¤ËÉÕ°¤¹¤ë¸½ºß¤Î BIND ¤Î - ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï, ¼«Ê¬¤¬Â°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó°Ê³°¤Ç¤Ï, - ´°Á´¤Ê·Á¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¾Êά·Á¤Ï - »ÈÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, ´°Á´¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¥Û¥¹¥È̾ mumble ¤Ï, - mumble.foo.bar.edu ¤È¤·¤Æ²ò·è¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«, - ¥ë¡¼¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Ë¸¡º÷¤·¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. -

- ¤³¤ì¤Ï, mumble.bar.edu, mumble.edu - ¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¸¡º÷¤·Â³¤±¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê²áµî¤ÎÆ°ºî¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Ê¤¼¤³¤ì¤¬°­¤¤´·Îã, ¤µ¤é¤Ë¤Ï¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¼¥Û¡¼¥ë¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì - ¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿Íýͳ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, RFC1535 ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -

- ¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤ò²óÈò¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, -

-search foo.bar.edu bar.edu -

- ¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô¤ò - -

-domain foo.bar.edu - - ¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - -

- ¤³¤ì¤ò¼«Ê¬¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¾å¤Î /etc/resolv.conf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë - µ­½Ò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é, ¸¡º÷½ç½ø¤Ï, RFC 1535 ¤Ë - ½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë, ¡Ö¥í¡¼¥«¥ë´ÉÍý¤È¸ø¶¦¤Î´ÉÍý¤Î´Ö¤Î¶­³¦Àþ¡× - ¤ò±Û¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò, ¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤á³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - Sendmail ¤¬ ``mail loops back to myself'' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò½Ð¤·¤Þ¤¹ -

- ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, sendmail FAQ ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÅú¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤¹:- - - * ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê ¡ÖLocal configuration error¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸ - ¤¬½Ð¤Þ¤¹: - - 553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself - 554 ... Local configuration error - - ¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤ò¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æ²ò·è¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? - - MX ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, ¤¢¤ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó(Îã: domain.net)°¸¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò - ÆÃÄê¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È (¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, relay.domain.net) ¤ËžÁ÷¤·¤è¤¦¤ÈÀßÄꤷ¤¿¤È - ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, Ãæ·Ñ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ï¼«¿È¤¬ domain.net ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤Ïǧ¼± - ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - (FEATURE(use_cs_file) ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï) - /etc/sendmail.cw ¤Ë, domain.net ¤òÄɲ䷤Ƥ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï, ¡ÖCw domain.net¡×¤ò /etc/sendmail.cf ¤ËÄɲ䷤Ƥ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

- sendmail FAQ ¤Ï, /usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail ¤Ë - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¡Ö¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È¶Å¤Ã¤¿¡×¥á¡¼¥ëÀßÄê - ¤ò¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, FAQ ¤òÆɤळ¤È¤ò¤ª¤¹¤¹¤á¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥× PPP ¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÇÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤Ë¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤¿¤é¤¤¤¤¤Î? -

-LAN ¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë FreeBSD ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ò, ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ËÀܳ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È -¤·¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ï, ¤½¤Î LAN ¤Ç¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -FreeBSD ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ÏÀìÍÑÀþÀܳ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó (ÌõÃí:¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×Àܳ¤Ê¤É). - -¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï, ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤âÆó¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -°ì¤Ä¤Ï UUCP ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - -¤³¤Î¤È¤­¸°¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥»¥«¥ó¥À¥ê MX ¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹ -¤òÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥µ¥¤¥È¤ò¤ß¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - -Îã: - -bigco.com. MX 10 bigco.com. - MX 20 smalliap.com. - - -ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ê¥á¡¼¥ë¼õ¿®Àè¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï, °ì¤Ä¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤À¤±¤¬ÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹ -(bigco.com ¾å¤Î /etc/sendmail.cf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë, ¡ÖCw bigco.com¡× -¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹). - -Á÷¿®Â¦¤Î sendmail ¤¬, ¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÇÛÁ÷¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÀܳ¤ò -²ð¤·¤Æ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤ËÀܳ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. -ÂçÄñ¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¤Ë, Àܳ¤Ï¥¿¥¤¥à¥¢¥¦¥È -¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. sendmail ¤Ï¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë, ¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¥»¥«¥ó¥À¥ê¤Î MX ¥µ¥¤¥È -¤Ë (¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À) ¤ËÇÛÁ÷¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¥»¥«¥ó¥À¥ê MX ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ï, (/etc/sysconfig ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -¤Ë sendmail_flag = "-bd -q15m"¤È½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç) 15 ʬ¤´¤È¤Ë, -¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥ê MX ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÇÛÁ÷¤·¤è¤¦¤È, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÀܳ¤·¤Ë -¤¤¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤È¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤ò»È¤¦¤È¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -#!/bin/sh -# Put me in /usr/local/bin/pppbigco -( sleep 60 ; /usr/sbin/sendmail -q ) & -/usr/sbin/ppp -direct pppbigco - -¥æ¡¼¥¶¤´¤È¤Ë¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤òºî¤ê¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¾åµ­ -¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë, sendmail -qRbigco.com ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë -¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È, ¥­¥å¡¼¤ÎÃæ¤Î bigco.com ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë -¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤Ï, ¤¹¤°¤Ë¶¯À©Åª¤Ë½èÍý¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -¤µ¤é¤Ë, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê²þÎɤâ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -°Ê²¼¤Ï, freebsd-isp ¥á¥¤¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤éÈ´¿è¤·¤Æ¤­¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ç¤¹. - -> »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï¤ªµÒÍͤËÂФ·¤Æ, ¥»¥«¥ó¥À¥ê MX ¤òÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤ªµÒÍͤϰìÆü -> ¤Ë²¿²ó¤«»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤ËÀܳ¤·, ¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÈà¤é¤Î¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥ê MX ¤Ë -> ¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤Þ¤¹ (Èà¤é¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬ÅþÃ夷¤¿»þ¤Ë¤Ï, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï -> Èà¤é¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó). -> »ä¤¿¤Á¤Î sendmail ¤Ï, 30 ʬ¤´¤È¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¥­¥å¡¼¤Ëί¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò -> ÇÛÁ÷¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Á¤ç¤¦¤É¤½¤Î»þ¤Ë, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥ê MX ¤ËÁ÷¤é¤ì -> ¤¿¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò³Î¤«¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, Èà¤é¤Ï 30 ʬ¤Ï ¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì -> ¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -> -> ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤òº£¤¹¤°Á÷¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë sendmail ¤ò½é´ü²½¤¹¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¤¢ -> ¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¾å¤Ë¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥ë¡¼¥È (root) ¸¢¸Â -> ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -sendmail.cf ¤Î ¡Öprivacy flags¡× ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë, -¡ÖOpgoaway,restrictqrun¡×¤ÎÄêµÁ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -root °Ê³°¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥­¥å¡¼¤ò½èÍý¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, -restrictqrun ¤òºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, MX ¤òºÆÄ´À°¤¬É¬Íפ«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¤¿¤Ï, ¸ÜµÒ¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤ËÂФ¹¤ë°ìÈÖÍ¥ÀèÅ٤ι⤤ MX ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç, -¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄêµÁ¤·¤Þ¤¹: - -# If we are the best MX for a host, try directly instead of generating -# local config error. -OwTrue - -¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬, ¸ÜµÒ¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ÈÀܳ¤· -¤è¤¦¤È¤»¤º, ľÀܤ¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¤¿¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËÇÛÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¥Û¥¹¥È¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËÇÛÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤¿¥á¡¼¥ë¤Ï, ³¤¤¤Æ¸ÜµÒ¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËÁ÷¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Ë¤Î¤ßÍ­¸ú¤Ê¤Î¤Ç, ¸ÜµÒ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë, -¡Öhost.customer.com¡×¤È¤ÏÊ̤Ë, ¡Öcustomer.com¡×¤âÄêµÁ¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê -¤Þ¤¹. DNS ¾å¤Ç, ¡Öcustomer.com¡×¤ËÂФ¹¤ë A ¥ì¥³¡¼¥É¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/memoryuse.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/memoryuse.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 16fa5d4..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/memoryuse.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ - - - - -PC ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥á¥â¥ê¤ÎÍøÍÑ - -

¸¶ºî: &a.joerg;. - 16 Apr 1995. -

Ìõ: &a.tomo;. - 29 Oct 1996. - -FreeBSD¤¬i386¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à¾å¤Ç¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¥á¥â¥ê¤ò»È¤¦¤«¤Ë -¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤¹. - -¥Ö¡¼¥ÈÉôʬ¤Ï0:0x7c00¤Ë¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì, ¤¹¤°¤Ë¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤ò -0x7c0:0¤Ë°Ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. (¤³¤ì¤Ï¼êÉʤǤϤʤ¯, ñ¤Ê¤ë%cs -¥»¥ì¥¯¥¿¤Î¤¿¤á¤ÎÄ´Àá¤Ç¤¢¤ê, ljmp¤Ë¤è¤ê¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ) - -¤½¤ì¤«¤éºÇ½é¤Î15¥»¥¯¥¿¤ò0x10000(biosboot¤ÎMakefile¤Î¤Ê¤«¤Î -BOOTSEGÉôʬ)¤Ë¥í¡¼¥É¤·, ºî¶ÈÎΰè¤Î¥¹¥¿¥Ã¥¯¤ò0x1fff0°Ê²¼¤Ë -¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤¢¤È, boot2 ¤ËÈô¤Ó¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, boot1 ¼«¿È¤È -(¥À¥ß¡¼¤Î) DOS ¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤òÈô¤Ó±Û¤¨¤Æ, %cs¥»¥ì¥¯¥¿¤ò -Ä´Àᤷ¤Þ¤¹---¤³¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï¤Þ¤À16¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. - -boot2¤Ï¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÍ׵ᤷ, a.out¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹. -0x00ffffff¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤ò -(Ä̾ï¤Ï0xf0100000¤Ë)¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤·, ¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤Î¤¿¤á, Ä̾ï¤Î¥í¡¼¥É¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤Ï1MB(0x00100000)¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë´Ö, ¥ê¥¢¥ë¥â¡¼¥É¤ÇBIOS¤ò»È¤¦¤¿¤á, ¥Ö¡¼¥È¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï, -¥ê¥¢¥ë¥â¡¼¥É¤È¥×¥í¥Æ¥¯¥È¥â¡¼¥É¤Î´Ö¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¤êÍ褿¤ê¤·¤Þ¤¹ -(ÌõÃí: ¤³¤ì¤Ï, BIOS¤¬¥ê¥¢¥ë¥â¡¼¥ÉÍѤ˽ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, -¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤Ù¤­Îΰ褬¥ê¥¢¥ë¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤1MB¤è¤ê¾å°Ì¤Î -¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤«¤é, ¥Ö¡¼¥È¥³¡¼¥É¤¬¥ê¥¢¥ë¥â¡¼¥É¤È -¥×¥í¥Æ¥¯¥È¥â¡¼¥É¤òÀÚ¤êÂؤ¨¤Ê¤¬¤éÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹). - -¥Ö¡¼¥È¥³¡¼¥É¼«¿È¤Ï¥×¥í¥Æ¥¯¥È¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç%cs¤È%ds/%esÍÑ¤Ë -¥»¥°¥á¥ó¥È¥»¥ì¥¯¥¿0x18¤È0x20¤ò»È¤¤, -¥ê¥¢¥ë¥â¡¼¥É¤ËÌá¤ë¤Î¤Ë0x28¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´ÖÁ´ÂΤò¥«¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¥À¥ß¡¼¤Î -¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥¿¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ%cs 0x08¤È -%ds/%es/%ss 0x10¤Ç¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¤½¤Î¥í¡¼¥É¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤Çµ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -Ê̤Î(¹â°Ì)¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç, -¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ä¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ê¤É¤¬Å¬ÀÚ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì, -¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥ó¥°¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ê, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¥ê¥ó¥¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç -Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥í¡¼¥É¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤«¤é¤Î -ÁêÂÐ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ (PIC: position independent code) ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ -¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -´ó£: &a.davidg;. - 16 Apr 1995. - -¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î BSS ¥»¥°¥á¥ó¥È¤Îľ¸å¤ÎʪÍý¥Ú¡¼¥¸ (¼Â¥á¥â¥ê) ¤Ë -proc0 (ÌõÃí: ¥×¥í¥»¥¹ÈÖ¹æ 0, swapper) ¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ä -¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë, U¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤¬ÇÛÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -²¾ÁÛµ­²±µ¡¹½¤¬½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¾¯¤·¤¢¤È, -0x1000-0x9ffff¤Î¼Â¥á¥â¥ê¤È¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë -(text + data + bss + ¾åµ­¤Î proc0 ¤Ë´Ø¤ï¤ë¤â¤Î + ¤½¤Î¾) -¤Î¸å¤í¤Î¼Â¥á¥â¥ê¤Ï, Ä̾ï¤Î²¾ÁÛµ­²±¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î·Á¤ÇÍøÍѲÄǽ¤È¤Ê¤ê, -¥°¥í¡¼¥Ð¥ë¤Ê¶õ¤­¥Ú¡¼¥¸¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÄɲ䵤ì¤Þ¤¹. diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/mirrors.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/mirrors.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 3c4f8d9..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/mirrors.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,703 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -FreeBSD ¤ÎÆþ¼êÊýË¡ - -CD-ROM ½ÐÈÇ¼Ò - -

FreeBSD ¤Ï Walnut Creek CDROM ¤«¤é½Ð¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë CD-ROM ¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹: - - Walnut Creek CDROM - 1547 Palos Verdes Mall, Suite 260 - Walnut Creek CA 94596 USA - Phone: +1 510 674-0783 - Fax: +1 510 674-0821 - Email: - WWW: - - -FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È - -

FreeBSD ¤Î¸ø¼°¤Ê¾ðÊó¤Ï anonymous FTP ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ°Ê²¼¤Î¾ì½ê¤«¤é -Æþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹: - -. - - -

¤µ¤é¤Ë, FreeBSD ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é anonymous FTP ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ - Æþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤· FreeBSD ¤ò anonymous FTP ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¼ê¤Ë¤¤¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¶á¤¯¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -, -. - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¤¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥ - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ï¢ÍíÀè: . - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¤¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥ - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ï¢ÍíÀè: . - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ï¢ÍíÀè: . - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¤¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥ - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ï¢ÍíÀè: . - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FreeBSD (2.0C ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤½¤ì°Ê¹ß) ¤ÎÍ¢½Ðµ¬À©¥³¡¼¥É (eBones ¤È secure) ¤Î -ºÇ¿·¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¾ì½ê¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ä¥«¥Ê¥À°Ê³°¤Ë¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, -secure (DES) ¤È eBones (Kerberos) ¤ò -°Ê²¼¤Î³°¹ñ¸þ¤±¤ÎÇÛÉÛ¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é¼ê¤Ë¤¤¤ì¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - - -Æ¥Õ¥ê¥« - -¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -. - - - - - - - - - - - -¥Ö¥é¥¸¥ë - -¤³¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î - -. - - - - - - - - -¥Õ¥£¥ó¥é¥ó¥É - - - - - - Ï¢ÍíÀè: . - - - - - -CTM ¥µ¥¤¥È - -

/FreeBSD ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é anonymous FTP - ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤· CTM ¤ò anonymous FTP ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¼ê¤Ë¤¤¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¶á¤¯¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, &a.phk;¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢, ¥µ¥ó¥Õ¥é¥ó¥·¥¹¥³¶áÊÕ, ¸ø¼°¤Ê¥½¡¼¥¹ - - - - - - -¥É¥¤¥Ä, ¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó - - - - - - -¥É¥¤¥Ä, ¥È¥ê¥¨¥ë - - - - - - -Æ¥Õ¥ê¥«, ctm, sup, CVSup¤Ê¤É¤Î¸Å¤¤º¹Ê¬¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¥µ¡¼¥Ð - - - - - - -ÂæÏÑ/Ãæ²Ú̱¹ñ, ¥Á¥ã¡¼¥¤¡¼(²ÅµÁ) - - - - - - - - -¶á¤¯¤Ë¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ä¥ß¥é¡¼¤¬ÉÔ´°Á´¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¤Î - ¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -FTP search ¤Ï¥Î¥ë¥¦¥§¡¼¤Î Trondheim ¤Ë¤¢¤ë, ¥Õ¥ê¡¼¤ÎÁÇÀ²¤é¤·¤¤ ¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç¤¹. - -CVSup ¥µ¥¤¥È - -

FreeBSD ¤Î ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç²ÔƯ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - - - -¥¢¥ë¥¼¥ó¥Á¥ó - -cvsup.ar.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -¥ª¡¼¥¹¥È¥é¥ê¥¢ - -cvsup.au.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -¥É¥¤¥Ä - -cvsup.de.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -ÆüËÜ - -cvsup.jp.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -¥ª¥é¥ó¥À - -cvsup.nl.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -¥Î¥ë¥¦¥§¡¼ - -cvsup.no.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -Æ¥Õ¥ê¥« - -cvsup.za.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -ÂæÏÑ - -sup.tw.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - -¥¢¥á¥ê¥« - -cvsup.FreeBSD.ORG -() -cvsup2.FreeBSD.ORG -() -cvsup4.FreeBSD.ORG -() -cvsup5.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - - - -FreeBSD ¤ÎÍ¢½Ðµ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤¿¥³¡¼¥É (eBones ¤È secure) ¤Ï CVSup ·Ðͳ¤Ç°Ê²¼ -¤Î¹ñºÝŪ¤Ê¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹ç½°¹ñ¤ä¥«¥Ê¥À°Ê³°¤Ëµï¤ë -¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÍ¢½Ðµ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¤òÆþ¼ê¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - -Æ¥Õ¥ê¥« - -cvsup.internat.FreeBSD.ORG -() - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/nfs.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/nfs.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 910c1b9..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/nfs.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ - - - - -NFS - -

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Ìõ: &a.tomo;.6 September 1996. - -ISAÍѤΥ¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤ÏÀ­Ç½¤¬°­¤¤¤¿¤á, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯, -ÆÃ¤Ë NFS ¤Ç¿¼¹ï¤ÊÌäÂ꤬¤ª¤­¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï FreeBSD ¤Ë¸Â¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤Ç¤Ï -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, FreeBSD ¤Ç¤âµ¯¤³¤êÆÀ¤Þ¤¹. - -¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ï, (FreeBSD¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿)PC¤¬¥·¥ê¥³¥ó¡¦¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥¹¼Ò¤ä¥µ¥ó¡¦¥Þ¥¤¥¯¥í -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥º¼Ò¤Ê¤É¤Î¹âÀ­Ç½¤ÊWS¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ËÉÑÈË¤Ë -µ¯¤³¤ê¤Þ¤¹. NFS¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ï¤¦¤Þ¤¯¹Ô¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÁàºî¤â¤¦¤Þ¤¯ -Ư¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¾¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à(WS)¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÍ×µá¤ä±þÅú¤Ï³¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤â, ÆÍÁ³¥µ¡¼¥Ð -¤¬¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ÎÍ×µá¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÈ¿±þ¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤¬FreeBSD¤«¾åµ­¤ÎWS¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤­, ¤Ë¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¦¤Ëµ¯¤­¤ë -¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¹. ¿¤¯¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, ¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤ó¤³¤ÎÌäÂ꤬µ¯¤­¤¿¤é²ò·è¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, -¹Ôµ·¤è¤¯¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È¥À¥¦¥ó¤¹¤ë¤·¤«¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -Í£°ì¤Î²ò·èºö¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¾õ¶·¤Ë´Ù¤ëÁ°¤Ë¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ò¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. -¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é, °ìö¤³¤Î¾õ¶·¤Ë´Ù¤ë¤È NFS ¤ò²ò½ü¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤µ¤¨¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - -"Àµ¤·¤¤"²ò·èË¡¤Ï, ¤è¤ê¹âÀ­Ç½¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤òFreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë -¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¤¬, Ëþ­¤ÊÁàºî¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê´Êñ¤ÊÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤â¤·, FreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ê¤é, ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤«¤é¤Î¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È»þ¤Ë -"-w=1024"¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤. ¤â¤·FreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë -¤Î¤Ê¤é, NFS¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò"-r=1024"¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ä¤­¤Ç¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤. -¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï -¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Îfstab¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î4ÈÖÌܤΥե£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ë»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤·, -¼êÆ°¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ïmount¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î"-o"¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -NFS¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤¬ÊÌ¡¹¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç, -¤³¤ì¤È´Ö°ã¤¨¤ä¤¹¤¤Â¾¤ÎÌäÂ꤬µ¯¤­¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -¥ë¡¼¥¿¤¬É¬ÍפÊUDP¾ðÊó¤ò¤­¤Á¤ó¤È¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò³Î¤«¤á¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤. -¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, ¤¿¤È¤¨¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬²¿¤ò¤·¤è¤¦¤È²ò·è¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, "fastws"¤Ï¹âÀ­Ç½¤ÎWS¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È -(¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹)̾¤Ç, "freebox"¤ÏÄãÀ­Ç½¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤òÈ÷¤¨¤¿ -FreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È(¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹)̾¤Ç¤¹. - -¤Þ¤¿, "/sharedfs"¤Ï¥¨¥¯¥¹¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤ëNFS¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ê -("man exports"¤ò¸«¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤), "/project"¤Ï¥¨¥¯¥¹¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¾å¤Î¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -Á´¤Æ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ, "hard"¤ä"soft", "bg"¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Äɲ媥ץ·¥ç¥ó¤¬ -¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤êÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤. - -¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¦FreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à("freebox")¤ÎÎã¤Ï: -freebox¤Î/etc/fstab¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤: -fastws:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-r=1024 0 0 -freebox¾å¤Ç¼êÆ°¤Çmount¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤: -mount -t nfs -o -r=1024 fastws:/sharedfs /project - - -¥µ¡¼¥Ð¦FreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÎã¤Ï: -fastws¤Î/etc/fstab¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤: -freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-w=1024 0 0 -fastws¾å¤Ç¼êÆ°¤Çmount¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤: -mount -t nfs -o -w=1024 freebox:/sharedfs /project - -¶á¤¤¤¦¤Á¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê16¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ç¤â¾åµ­¤ÎÆɤ߽Ф·, -½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ê¤·¤ÎÁàºî¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -¼ºÇÔ¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¤È¤­²¿¤¬µ¯¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«´Ø¿´¤Î¤¢¤ë¿Í¤Ë, ¤Ê¤¼²óÉüÉÔ²Äǽ¤Ê¤Î¤« -¤â´Þ¤á¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. -NFS¤ÏÄ̾ï (¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¤¥µ¥¤¥º¤Øʬ³ä¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬) 8K¤Î"¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯" -¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÇƯ¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÏºÇÂç1500¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÄøÅ٤ʤΤÇ, -¾å°Ì³¬ÁؤΥ³¡¼¥É¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï1¤Ä¤Î¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, NFS"¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯"¤Ï -Ê£¿ô¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ëʬ³ä¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì, ÁȤßΩ¤Æľ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤«¤é -¹ÎÄê±þÅú¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¹âÀ­Ç½¤ÎWS¤Ï¼¡¡¹¤Ë -NFS¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤ò¹½À®¤¹¤ë¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò, ´ð½à¤ÎÈÏ°ÏÆâ¤Ç´Ö³Ö¤òµÍ¤á¤Æ -¼¡¡¹¤ËÁ÷¤ê½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¾®¤µ¤¯, ÍÆÎ̤ÎÄ㤤¥«¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï, Ʊ¤¸¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤Î -Á°¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËžÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ë, ¸å¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬¤½¤ì¤ò -¡ÖƧ¤ß¤Ä¤Ö¤·¡×¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤¿¤áÁ´ÂΤȤ·¤Æ¤Î¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤ÏºÆ¹½À®¤â¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤·, -¹ÎÄê±þÅú¤â¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤Î·ë²Ì, WS¤Ï¥¿¥¤¥à¥¢¥¦¥È¤·¤ÆºÆÁ÷¤ò»î¤ß¤Þ¤¹¤¬, -8K¤Î¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÁ´ÂΤòºÆÁ÷¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï -ºÝ¸Â̵¤¯·«¤êÊÖ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¥µ¥¤¥º¤ò¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎÀ©¸Â°Ê²¼¤ËÍÞ¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê, -¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿´°Á´¤Ê¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ï¸Ä¡¹¤Ë¹ÎÄê±þÅú¤ò¼õ¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ -Êݾڤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¥Ç¥Ã¥É¥í¥Ã¥¯¾õÂÖ¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -¹âÀ­Ç½¤Î¥«¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â, ¹âÀ­Ç½¤ÊWS¤¬ÎÏǤ¤»¤Ë¼¡¡¹¤È -PC¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¡ÖƧ¤ß¤Ä¤Ö¤·¡×¤¬µ¯¤­¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¡ÖƧ¤ß¤Ä¤Ö¤·¡×¤ÏNFS"¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È"¤Ç¤ÏÊݾڤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¡ÖƧ¤ß¤Ä¤Ö¤·¡×¤¬µ¯¤³¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­, ±Æ¶Á¤ò¼õ¤±¤¿¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤ÏºÆÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -¤½¤·¤Æ¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì, ÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤é¤ì, ¹ÎÄê±þÅú¤µ¤ì¤ë¸øÊ¿¤Êµ¡²ñ¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/nutshell.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/nutshell.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 979f515..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/nutshell.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ - - - - -FreeBSD ¤È¤Ï - -

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½ð̾¤ò¸¡¾Ú¤·¤¿¤ê, ¥³¥¢¥Á¡¼¥à¥á¥ó¥Ð¤ä¥ª¥Õ¥£¥µ¤Ë°Å¹æ¥á¡¼ -¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ê¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë, PGP¤Î¸ø³«¸°¤òźÉÕ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥ª¥Õ¥£¥µ - -FreeBSD Security Officer <security-officer@freebsd.org> -

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Ìõ¼Ô: &a.mihoko; -6 September 1996 . - -ËܾϤÏ, FreeBSD ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¥¬¥¤¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤ä -¥Ý¥ê¥·¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -Makefile Ãæ¤Î MAINTAINER - - -

1996ǯ6·î. - -

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ÊݼéôÅö¼Ô¤¬·è¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÊѹ¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -Êѹ¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦Á°¤Ë, ¤½¤ÎÊѹ¹ÆâÍƤòÊݼéôÅö¼Ô¤ËÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ, -ÊݼéôÅö¼Ô¤Ë¥ì¥Ó¥å¡¼¤ò¤·¤Æ¤â¤é¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -ÊݼéôÅö¼Ô¤¬, ÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤Ë°ìÄê´ü´Ö±þÅú¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Î¤ß, -ÊݼéôÅö¼Ô¤¬¥ì¥Ó¥å¡¼¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤·¤Ë, Êѹ¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬Ç§¤á¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é, ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â²Äǽ¤Ê¸Â¤ê, Êѹ¹ÅÀ¤òÂè»°¼Ô¤Ë¥ì¥Ó¥å¡¼ -¤·¤Æ¤â¤é¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, ¤³¤ÎµÁ̳¤ò°ú¤­¼õ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¿Í¤ä¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ò -Êݼé´ÉÍý¼Ô¤È¤·¤ÆÄɲ乤뤳¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤Þ¤¿, Êݼé´ÉÍý¼Ô¤¬¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼´ÉÍý¼Ô ("committer") ¤Ç¤¢¤ëɬÍ×¤Ï -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -´ó£¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ - -

1996ǯ6·î. - -

FreeBSD ÇÛÉÛʪ¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È -°Ê³°¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤ÇÊݼ餵¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -Îò»ËŪ¤Ê·Ð°Þ¤«¤é, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï¤³¤ì¤ò ´ó£ ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤È -¸Æ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹. perl ¤ä gcc, patch ¤Ê¤É¤¬¤½¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤¹. - -

¤³¤³¿ôǯÍè, ¤³¤Î¼ï¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¼è¤ê°·¤¤¤Ë¤Ï, ¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤ÊÊýË¡¤¬ -¼è¤é¤ì¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, ¤É¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ë¤â¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÍøÅÀ¤È·çÅÀ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç·çÅÀ¤Î¤Ê¤¤ÌÀ³Î¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. - -

-µÄÏÀ¤·¤¿·ë²Ì, ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÊýË¡¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î°ì¤Ä¤¬¡Ö¸ø¼°¤Ê¡×ÊýË¡¤È¤·¤ÆÁªÂò¤µ¤ì -¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤½¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬, º£¸å, ¤³¤Î¼ï¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¼è¤ê¹þ¤à¾ì¹ç¤Ë, »ÈÍÑ -¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -¤½¤Î¾å, ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¤Ï, ¤À¤ì¤â¤¬(cvs ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¸¢¤Î¤Ê¤¤¿Í¤Ç¤µ¤¨)¡Ö¸ø¼°¡× -¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ËÂФ¹¤ëº¹Ê¬¤ò´Êñ¤ËÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤Ï¸Å¤¤ÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿Â礭¤ÊÍøÅÀ¤Ç¤¹. ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, -´û¸¤Î´ó£¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤â, ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ë¼ý«¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤³¤È¤ò¶¯¤¯Ë¾¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê, ´ó£¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¼ç¤Ê³«È¯¼Ô¤Ë, Êѹ¹ -ÅÀ¤òÊÖ¤¹¤Î¤¬¤È¤Æ¤âÍưפˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. - -

¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é·ë¶É, ´ó£¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¼è°·¤Ï, ¼ÂºÝ¤Ëºî¶È¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ -¤¤¤ë¿Í¡¹¤Ë°Ñ¤Í¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤â¤·¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬, ¤½¤Î¿Í¤¬°·¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ë¤Ï -¶Ëü¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¥³¥¢¥Á¡¼¥à¤Î¾µÇ§¤µ¤¨¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î -¥ë¡¼¥ë¤ËÈ¿¤·¤Æ¤â, ¾¤Î³«È¯¼Ô¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¹ç°Õ¤ÏÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. -¾­Íè¤Ë¤ï¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òÊݼé¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï, ÂçÊѽÅÍפʻöÊÁ¤Ë -¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¸À¸ì Tcl ¤Ï, -¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬³èÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¤Îã¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - -

src/contrib/tcl ¤Ë¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ÎÊݼé´ÉÍý¼Ô¤¬ -ÇÛÉÛ¤·¤¿¥½¡¼¥¹¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÃ椫¤é¤Ï FreeBSD ¤Ë´°Á´¤Ë¤ÏŬÍÑ -¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤Éôʬ¤¬ºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. Tcl ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, "mac", "win", -"compat" ¤È¤¤¤¦¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Ë¼è¤ê¹þ¤àÁ°¤Ëºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤Æ -¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. - -

src/lib/libtcl ¤Ë¤Ï, ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤òÀ¸À®¤·¤¿¤ê, ¥É¥­¥å -¥á¥ó¥È¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë, ɸ½à¤Î bsd.lib.mk ¤Î -µ¬Â§¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¡Öbmake ¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¡×¤Î Makefile ¤À¤±¤¬ ´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -

src/usr.bin/tclsh ¤Ë¤Ï, bsd.prog.mk µ¬Â§ ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ, -"tclsh" ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ä´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÀ¸À® /¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë -¤¹¤ë bmake ¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Î Makefile ¤À¤±¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -

src/tools/tools/tcl_bmake ¤Ë¤Ï, -tcl ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬À¸¤¸¤¿¤È¤­¤Î½õ¤±¤Ë¤Ê¤ë2¤Ä¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¥¹ -¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï, ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë»ÈÍѤ· -¤¿¤ê, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëÂоݤˤʤ륽¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¤³¤³½ÅÍפʤΤÏ, "src/contrib/tcl" ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬, µ¬Â§¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã -¤Æºî¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ¤Ç¤­¤ë¤À¤± FreeBSD ¤ËÆò½¤·¤¿ -Êѹ¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò(CVS ¤Î¥Ù¥ó¥À¥Ö¥é¥ó¥Á¤Ë)¤ª¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ë¤· -¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -freefall ¾å¤Î¡Ö´Ê°×¼è¤ê¹þ¤ß¡×¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤Ï, ´ó£¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¼è¤ê¹þ¤à -¼ê½õ¤±¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤±¤ì¤É¤â, ¤³¤Î¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤Î¼Â¹ÔÊýË¡¤Ëµ¿Ì䤬À¸¤¸¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -¤Þ¤º¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Ë¼ÁÌ䤷¤Æ, ¼ºÇÔ¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤·¤Æ, -¤½¤Îµ¿Ìä¤ò¡Ö²ò·è¤·¤Æ¡×¤«¤é¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -CVS ¤Ë´ó£¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¼è¤ê¹þ¤àºÝ¤Ë¤Ï, »ö¸Î¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤è¤¯¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê´Ö°ã¤¤¤ò¤ª¤«¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë, ½½Ê¬Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

CVS ¤Ë¤Ï, »ÄÇ°¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ë¥Ù¥ó¥À¥Ö¥é¥ó¥Á¤È¤¤¤¦Àß·×À©¸Â¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤Î¤¿¤á, CVS ¤Ë´ó£¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò¼è¤ê¹þ¤à¤Ë¤Ï, ¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ëÇÛÉÛ¥½¡¼¥¹¤Ë -ŬÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¥Ù¥ó¥À¤«¤é¤Î¡Ö¸ø¼°¡×¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤È, ¥Ù¥ó¥À¥Ö¥é¥ó¥Á¤ËµÕÍ¢Æþ¤µ¤ì¤¿ -·ë²Ì¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. -¥Ù¥ó¥À¥Ö¥é¥ó¥Á¤Î°ì´ÓÀ­¤òÇ˲õ¤·¤¿¤ê, ¾­Íè, ¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò¼è¤ê¹þ¤à -»þ¤Ë¾×Æͤòµ¯¤³¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤ê¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê º¤Æñ¤Ê»öÂ֤˴٤é¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë -¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë, FreeBSD ¤¬´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë -ÂФ·¤Æ, ¸ø¼°¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ò·è¤·¤ÆÅö¤Æ¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¤·, ¸ø¼°¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ò -"commit" ¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¿¤¯¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤¬, ¾¤Î¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤ä¾¤Î´Ä¶­¤È FreeBSD -¤È¤Î¸ß´¹À­¤òÊݤ¿¤á¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤³¤Ç, -¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤òÀáÌ󤹤뤿¤á¤Ë, FreeBSD ¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï̵°ÕÌ£¤ÊÇÛÉۥĥ꡼¾å¤Î°ì -Éô¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬µö¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤±¤ì¤É¤â, ºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤º¤Ë»Ä¤Ã¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ¹¤ë, Ãøºî¸¢¤ÎÄÌÃΤä¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹ -¥Î¡¼¥È¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ðÊó¤ò´Þ¤ó¤À¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï, ·è¤·¤Æºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤Ï ¤¤¤±¤Þ¤» -¤ó . - -

"bmake" Makefile ¤¬²¿¤é¤«¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ÇÛÉۥĥ꡼ -¤«¤é¼«Æ°Åª¤ËÀ¸À®¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È, ¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤±¤Ð, ¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ø¤Î -¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤ò¤è¤ê´Êñ¤Ë¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -¤â¤·¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤òºîÀ®¤Ç¤­¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¾­Íè¤Î´ÉÍý¼Ô¤Ë -¤È¤Ã¤ÆÊØÍø¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë, °Ü¿¢¤ÎºÝ¤Ë, src/tools ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¾å¤Ë, -(ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ)¤½¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤òɬ¤º¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥¤¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

src/contrib/tcl ¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤Ï, FREEBSD-upgrade ¤È -¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤½¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Ï ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆâÍƤ¬ -µ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¾å¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë - ¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤ÎÇÛÉÛʪ¤ò¤É¤³¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤« ¤Þ¤¿, ¸ø¼°ÇÛÉÛ -¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ï¤É¤³¤« - ¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Îºî¼Ô¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤òÁ÷¤êÊÖ¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¤É¤³¤ËÁ÷¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤« - FreeBSD ¤ËÆò½¤·¤¿Êѹ¹ÅÀ¤Î³µÍ× - - -

¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é, ´ó£¥½¡¼¥¹¤È°ì½ï¤Ë FREEBSD-upgrade ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò -¼è¤ê¹þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -¤½¤ì¤è¤ê¤à¤·¤í, (ÌõÃí:¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò)½é²ó¤Ë¼è¤ê¹þ¤ó¤À¸å¤Ï, -¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É ``cvs add FREEBSD-upgrade ; cvs ci'' ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -``src/contrib/cpio'' ¤òÎã¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - -¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï¡Ö¥Ù¥ó¥À¡×¥Ö¥é¥ó¥Á¾å¤Î¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ëÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -¤Î½é´ü¥½¡¼¥¹¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë»ö¾ð¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â, -¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ä cvs ¥³¥ß¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¾å¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò -¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. -(ÌõÃí:¥Ù¥ó¥À¤«¤éÇÛÉÛ¤µ¤ì¤¿)¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ä¸ø¼°¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤À¤±¤¬ -(ÌõÃí:¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë)¼è¤ê¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -GNU cpio 2.4.2 ¤ò¼è¤ê¹þ¤à¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿: - - INSTALL cpio.info mkdir.c - Makefile.in cpio.texi mkinstalldirs - -cpio ¤ò¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Îºî¶È¤ò -¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - - 1. ¶õ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤·¤Þ¤¹. - [¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¡Ö¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ëÊѹ¹¡×¤â²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó] - - 2. ¾åµ­¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È, FreeBSD ¤Ë¤Ï̵°ÕÌ£¤Ê - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºï½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - 3. ¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹: - cvs import -m 'Virgin import of GNU cpio v' \ - src/contrib/cpio GNU v - - Î㤨¤Ð, ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.4.2 ¤ò¼è¤ê¹þ¤à¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë - ¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Þ¤¹: - cvs import -m 'Virgin import of GNU v2.4.2' \ - src/contrib/cpio GNU v2.4.2 - - 4. FreeBSD ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤ÊÊѹ¹¤È, ¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤È¤Î´Ö¤Ç¤Î - Ì·½â¤ò²ò¾Ã¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥× 3 ¤Ç½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤¿Ì¿Îá¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë»ö¾ð¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â, ¤³¤Î¼ê½ç¤«¤é³°¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -cpio ¤Ë¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤ÊÊѹ¹¤ò²Ã¤¨¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¥á¥¤¥ó¥Ö¥é¥ó¥Á(ÊÌ̾ HEAD)¤ËÂФ·¤Æ -¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·, ¥³¥ß¥Ã¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -·è¤·¤Æ GNU ¤Î¥Ö¥é¥ó¥Á¤Ë¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤ÊÊѹ¹¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Ë¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÊѹ¹¤ò¼¡¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, -"cpio@gnu.ai.mit.edu" ¤ËÄó½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -obrien@freebsd.org - 30 March 1997 - - -¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê - - -

Contributed by &a.asami;, &a.peter;, and &a.obrien;. - 9 December 1996.

- -

¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ëµ¡Ç½¤ò port ¤ËÄɲä·¤¿ - ¤ê, ¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤Â¾¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ËÄɲ乤ë - ¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈÖ¹æ¤ò¼¡¤Îµ¬Â§¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ - ¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - °ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¤Ï, ¤³¤Îµ¬Â§¤Ï, ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤È¤Ï - Á´¤¯´Ø·¸¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -

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Î㤨¤Ð, µ¡Ç½ÄɲäȥХ°µÛ¼ý¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼ÈÖ¹æ¤òÁý¤ä¤·¤Þ¤¹. - µ¡Ç½ºï½ü, ´Ø¿ô¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤·¤Î¥·¥ó¥¿¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ê¤É¤¬Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¶¯À©Åª¤Ë¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼ÈÖ¹æ¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

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°Ü¿¢¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï, ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤´¤È¤Ë¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î - ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈÖ¹æ¤ò°ìÅÙ¤À¤±Êѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥Ý¥ê¥·¡¼¤Ç¤¹. - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈÖ¹æ¤ò¾å¤²¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - Makefile ¤Î commit ¥í¥°¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ·ë²Ì¤È¤·¤Æ¤½¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ï, ¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈֹ椬 - ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿ Makefile ¤ËÆþ¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ºÇ½é¤Ë¤½¤ÎÊѹ¹¤ò - ³Î¤«¤á¤ë¤Î¤¬¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼´ÉÍý¼Ô ("committer") ¤ÎÀÕ̳¤Ç¤¹. - ¤½¤Î¸å¤Î¤É¤ó¤ÊÊѹ¹¤â, ¤½¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤ÏÆþ¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/porting.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/porting.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 32ea4d3..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/porting.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1416 +0,0 @@ - - - - -¥Õ¥ê¡¼¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î°Ü¿¢ - -

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¥Õ¥ê¡¼¤Ç¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò°Ü¿¢¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï, ²¿¤«¤ò¥¼¥í¤«¤é¼«Ê¬¤Ç -ºî¤ë¤³¤È¤Û¤É¤Ï¿Í¤Ë´¶¼Õ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤â, ¤É¤³¤Ë¼ê¤òÆþ¤ì¤ì¤ÐÆ°¤¯¤Î¤«¤ï¤«¤é -¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¿Í¤Ç¤â»È¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç, FreeBSD¤ÎȯŸ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤È¤Æ -¤â½ÅÍפʤ³¤È¤Ç¤¹. °Ü¿¢¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï¡ÖPorts¥³¥ì¥¯ -¥·¥ç¥ó¡×(the Ports Collection) ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì, ³¬ÁØŪ¤ËʬÎव¤ì¤Æ½¸¤á¤é¤ì -¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ¿·¤·¤¤¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ç¤â, ²¿¤¬¤¹¤°¤Ë´Êñ¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Ç -¤­¤ë¾õÂ֤Ǽê¤ËÆþ¤ë¤Î¤«, ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î³µÍפò¤Ä¤«¤à¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, °Ü¿¢¤µ¤ì¤ë¥½¡¼ -¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤º, FreeBSD¤ÇÆ°¤«¤¹¤¿¤á¤Î¤Û¤ó¤Î¤Á¤ç¤Ã -¤È¤Îº¹Ê¬¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÄêµÁ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤À¤±¤ò¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, -¤«¤Ê¤ê¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤¬ÀáÌó¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

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Port¤Î²áÄø¤Ç, ½¤Àµ¤ä, ¤É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎUNIX¤ÇÆ°¤¯¤«¤Ë¤è¤ë¾ò·ï - ¤Ä¤­¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Ê¤É¤¬É¬Íפʥ³¡¼¥É¤Ë½Ð²ñ¤¦¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤Î - ¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ò·ï¤Ä¤­¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Ê¤É¤Î¤¿¤á¤ÎÊѹ¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, - FreeBSD 1.x ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¤Î°Ü¿¢¤ä, CSRG¤Î4.4BSD, BSD/386, - 386BSD, NetBSD¤Ê¤É¤Î¾¤ÎBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¤Î°Ü¿¢¤¬²Äǽ¤Ê¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¤Ç¤­ - ¤ë¤À¤±ÉáÊ×Ū¤ÊÊѹ¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¿´¤¬¤±¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

4.3BSD/Reno¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤ì¤è¤ê¿·¤·¤¤BSDÈǤò¸Å¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤È¶èÊ̤¹ - ¤ë¤Ë¤Ï `BSD' ¥Þ¥¯¥í¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤Î¤¬¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤ì¤Ï - <sys/param.h>¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ - ¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤â¤·¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç - ¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤ò, ¤½¤Î.c ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎŬÅö¤Ê¾ì½ê¤Ë²Ã - ¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -#ifdef (defined(__unix__) || defined(unix)) && !defined(USG) -#include -#endif - - -

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¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î, ¤¹¤³¤·Ä¹¤¤ÀâÌÀ¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ - ¤¹. ¤½¤Îport¤¬²¿¤ò¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¿ôÃÊÍîÄøÅ٤δʷé¤Ê²òÀ⤬¤¢¤ì¤Ð - ½½Ê¬¤Ç¤¹. Ãí: ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, »ÈÍÑÊý - Ë¡¤ä¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ëÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎºÙ¤«¤¤ÀâÌÀ½ñ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. Æà - ¤Ë, README¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò²¿¤â¹Í¤¨¤º¤Ë¤³¤³¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê - ¤³¤È¤Ï¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. (¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, README¤¬¤½¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦ - ¥§¥¢¤Î´Ê·é¤ÊÀâÌÀ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ÏÊ̤Ǥ¹¤¬.) - -

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î̾Á°¤ò½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¿ä¾©¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, ¤³¤ó¤Ê¶ñ¹ç¤Ç¤¹. - - -This is a port of oneko, in which a cat chases a poor mouse all over -the screen. - : -(¤¦¤ó¤Ì¤ó.) - -- Satoshi -asami@cs.berkeley.edu - - - - PLIST - -

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¤³¤Îport¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤¬Îóµó¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ïpackage¤òºî¤ëºÝ¤Î¥ê¥¹ - ¥È¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á, `packing list' ¤È¤â¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³ - ¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤Ï, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë»þ¤Î¥×¥ì¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥¹ - (ÉáÄ̤Ï/usr/local¤«/usr/X11R6) ¤«¤é¤Î - ÁêÂХѥ¹¤Ç¤¹. - -

´Êñ¤ÊÎã¤òºÜ¤»¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦: - - -bin/oneko -man/man1/oneko.1.gz -lib/X11/app-defaults/Oneko -lib/X11/oneko/cat1.xpm -lib/X11/oneko/cat2.xpm -lib/X11/oneko/mouse.xpm - - -

'Packing list'¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, pkg_create(1)¤Î - ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥à¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºîÀ® - -

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¤½¤Îport¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯Æ°¤¯¤³¤È¤ò, package²½¤ò´Þ¤á¤Æ³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯ - ¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤º, `make install', `make - package' ¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, `pkg_delete -d - <pkgname>' ¤ò¤·¤Æ,¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯¾Ãµî¤µ - ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤ì¤«¤é, `pkg_add - <pkgname>.tgz' ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ºÆ¤Ó¸½ - ¤ì, Àµ¤·¤¯Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - Port¤ÎÁ÷ÉÕ - -

¤µ¤¢, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Îport¤ËËþ­¤·¤¿¤é, ¤¢¤È¤Ï¤½¤ì¤òFreeBSD¤Î¥á¥¤ - ¥ó¤Îports¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ËÃÖ¤¤¤Æ, ³§¤Ë»È¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤é¤¦¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤¿ - ¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë (¤³¤ÎÀá¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -- ¤¿ - ¤À¤·, ¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë, `work' ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì - ¥¯¥È¥ê, ¤ª¤è¤Ópackage¤Ï´Þ¤ß¤Þ¤»¤ó) ¤ò¤Þ¤È¤á¤Æ - .tar.gz ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤·, - -ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/incoming/ - - ¤ØÃÖ¤­, send-pr(1) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ (category¤Ï `ports', class¤Ï `change-request' ¤ò - »È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤). »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï, ²¿¤«ÉÔÌÀ¤ÊÅÀ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤é¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ë³Î - ǧ¤·¤¿¤Î¤Á, ¤½¤ì¤ò¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ØÃÖ¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î̾Á°¤Ï, FreeBSD - ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î `Additional FreeBSD - contributors' ¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤âºÜ¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤¦¡Á¤ó, ÁÇÀ²¤é¤· - ¤¤. :) - - - ËܳÊŪ¤Êport - -

»ÄÇ°¤Ê¤¬¤é, °Ü¿¢¤¬¤½¤¦´Êñ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, Æ°¤«¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¿¾¯¤ÎÊѹ¹¤¬ - ɬÍפʾì¹ç¤â¿¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤ÎÀá¤Ç¤Ï, ports¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó - ¤ÎÊýË¡ÏÀ¤Ë¤Î¤Ã¤È¤Ã¤Æ, ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊѹ¹¤ò»Ü¤·, Æ° - ¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤é¤è¤¤¤«¤ò½ç¤òÄɤäÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - port¹½Ãۤξܺ٠- -

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¤·¤«¤·, bsd.port.mk¤¬²¿¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«, ´°Á´¤ËÍý²ò - ¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¿´ÇÛ¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤¦Â¿¤¯¤Î¿Í¤¬Íý²ò¤·¤Æ - ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é... f(^_^;) - - - ¤Þ¤º, fetch¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Îfetch¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã - ¥È¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î${DISTDIR}¤ËÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬ÌòÌܤǤ¹. ¤â¤·, fetch¤¬É¬Íפʥե¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤ò${DISTDIR}¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤± - ¤ì¤Ð, Makefile¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëURL - ${MASTER_SITES}, ¤½¤·¤Æ»ä¤¿¤Á¤ÎFTP¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç - ¤¢¤ë (¤³¤³ - ¤Ë¤Ï, »ä¤¿¤Á¤¬¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤È¤·¤ÆÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤¢ - ¤ê¤Þ¤¹) ¤Ëõ¤·¤Ë¤¤¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼ - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ËľÀÜÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, - ${FETCH} ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, ¤½¤Î̾Á°¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼è¤Ã - ¤Æ¤­¤Æ, ${DISTDIR}¤ËÊݸ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¼¡¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ïextract¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, - ${DISTDIR}¤Ë¤¢¤ë, ÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (ÉáÄÌ¤Ï - gzip¤µ¤ì¤¿tar¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë) ¤òÆɤß, ¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò°ì»þŪ¤Êºî¶È¥Ç¥£¥ì - ¥¯¥È¥ê${WRKDIR} (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ï - work) ¤ËŸ³«¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¼¡¤Ë, patch¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤º, - ${PATCHFILES}¤ËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã - ¥Á¤ò¤¢¤Æ¤Þ¤¹. ¼¡¤Ë¤â¤·${PATCHDIR} (¥Ç¥Õ¥© - ¥ë¥È¤Ïpatches ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê) ¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹ - ¤ì¤Ð, ¤³¤ì¤é¤ò¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È½ç¤Ë¤¢¤Æ¤Þ¤¹. - - ¼¡¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ïconfigure¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï, ¤¤ - ¤í¤¤¤í¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ¤â¤·Â¸ºß¤¹¤ì¤Ð, scripts/configure ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤â¤·, ${HAS_CONFIGURE} ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï - ${GNU_CONFIGURE} ¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð, - ${WRKSRC}/configure ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤â¤·, ${USE_IMAKE} ¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð, - ${XMKMF} (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È: `xmkmf - -a') ¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ºÇ¸å¤Ë, build¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¤½¤Îport - ¤ÎÀìÍѤκî¶È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê (${WRKSRC}) ¤Ë¤¤ - ¤­, ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬ÌòÌܤǤ¹. ¤â¤· - ${USE_GMAKE} ¤¬¥»¥Ã¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð, GNU - make¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤µ¤â¤Ê¤±¤ì¤ÐFreeBSD¤Î - make¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - - -

¾åµ­¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤¹. ¤µ¤é¤Ë, `pre-<²¿¤È¤« - >¤ä `post-<²¿¤È¤«>' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È - ¤¬ÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤ê, ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê̾Á°¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤¬ - scripts ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¤½¤ì - ¤é¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÆ°ºî¤ÎÁ°¸å¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -

¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, post-extract¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤¬Makefile - ¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, pre-build¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬, - scripts¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, - post-extract¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ï, Ä̾ï¤ÎŸ³«Æ°ºî¤Î¤¢¤È¤Ë¸Æ - ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì, pre-build¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤ - ¥ë¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·Æ°ºî¤¬´Êñ¤Ç¤¢¤ì - ¤Ð, Makefile¤Î¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¿ä¾©¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ê - ¤¼¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¤½¤Îport¤¬²¿¤é¤«¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤Æ°ºî¤òɬÍפȤ¹ - ¤ë¤Î¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤¬°ì²Õ½ê¤Ë¤Þ¤È¤á¤Æ½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤Ã¤¿Êý¤¬Â¾¤Î¿Í¤ËÍý²ò¤·¤ä¤¹ - ¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - -

¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ïbsd.port.mk ¤Î - `do-<²¿¤È¤«>' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, port¤òŸ³«¤¹¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï, `do-extract' - ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·, ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ë - ÉÔËþ¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð, `do-<something>' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã - ¥È¤òºÆÄêµÁ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ç¤âľ¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

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´°À®¤·¤¿package¤Î¼ÂÂΤÏ/usr/ports/packages/All - ¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, 1¤Ä¤«¤½¤ì°Ê¾å¤Î - /usr/ports/packages¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤«¤é¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã - ¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤¬ºî¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤é¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î̾Á°¤¬ - ${CATEGORIES}¤È¤¤¤¦ÊÑ¿ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬FTP¥µ¥¤¥È¤äCD-ROM¤Îpackage¤Î»³¤òÅϤêÊâ - ¤¯¤³¤È¤òÍưפˤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹. ¸½ºß¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¤ò¸«¤Æ, ¤½ - ¤Îport¤ËŬ¤·¤¿¤â¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. (¤Ê¤É¤¬»²¹Í¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦). ¤â¤·¤½¤Îport¤¬ËÜÅö - ¤Ë¸½ºß¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¤â¤Î¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¿·¤·¤¤¥«¥Æ - ¥´¥ê̾¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - MASTER_SITES - -

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Port¤¬É¬ÍפȤ¹¤ëÈóɸ½à¤Î¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò¤³¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤Ç»ØÄê - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï `lib:dir' ¤È¤¤¤¦ÁȤΥꥹ¥È¤Ç, ¤¦¤Á - lib ¤¬¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î̾Á°, ¤½¤·¤Ædir - ¤¬¤½¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëport - ¤Î¤¢¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, - -LIB_DEPENDS= jpeg\\.6\\.:${PORTSDIR}/graphics/jpeg - - ¤È»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¤Þ¤º¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤¬6¤Îjpeg¥é¥¤¥Ö - ¥é¥ê¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Îǧ¤·, ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ïports¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ÎÃæ¤Î - graphics/jpeg ¤È¤¤¤¦¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë°ÜÆ°¤·, ¤½¤³ - ¤«¤é¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Á°È¾¤Îlib Éôʬ¤Ï¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ `ldconfig -r | - grep' ¤Ø°ú¿ô¤È¤·¤ÆÅϤµ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. Æà - ¤Ë, ¥Ô¥ê¥ª¥É (.) ¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¤Ï¾åµ­¤ÎÎã¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å - ¤òϢ³¤·¤Æ¤Ä¤±¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤Î°Í¸´Ø·¸¤Ïextract ¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¸¤Î¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Ç¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯ - ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, package¤òºî¤ë¤È¤­¤ËɬÍפȤʤëport¤Îpackage̾ - ¤¬µ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì, pkg_add¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¤½¤Á¤é - ¤Îpackage¤â¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - RUN_DEPENDS - -

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Î㤨¤ÐMakefile¤Ë°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -RUN_DEPENDS= ${PREFIX}/etc/innd:${PORTSDIR}/news/inn \ - wish:${PORTSDIR}/x11/tk - - ¤Þ¤º, `/usr/local/etc/innd' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß - ¤¹¤ë¤«³Îǧ¤·, ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ïports¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ÎÃæ¤Î - news/inn ¤È¤¤¤¦¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤«¤éºî¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ - ¤¿, `wish' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Á¥Ñ¥¹Ãæ - ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«Ãµ¤·, ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ÏƱ¤¸¤¯ports¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Î - x11/tk ¤È¤¤¤¦¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤«¤éºî¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - (¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç, `innd' ¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¹; ¤³¤Î - ¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤âɸ½à¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Á¥Ñ¥¹°Ê³°¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤Ë - ¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ÀäÂХѥ¹¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.) - - ¤³¤Î°Í¸´Ø·¸¤Ïinstall ¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¸¤Î¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Ç¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯ - ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, package¤òºî¤ëºÝ¤ËɬÍפȤʤëport¤Îpackage̾ - ¤¬µ­Ï¿¤µ¤ì, pkg_add¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¤½¤Á¤é - ¤Îpackage¤â¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - BUILD_DEPENDS - -

Port¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤ËɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¤¢¤ë - ¤È¤­¤Ï, ¤³¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. RUN_DEPENDS¤ÈƱ - ÍͤË, ¤³¤ì¤Ï `path:dir' ¤È¤¤¤¦ÁȤΥꥹ¥È¤Ç¤¹. Îã - ¤¨¤Ð, - -BUILD_DEPENDS= unzip:${PORTSDIR}/archivers/unzip - - ¤Ï `unzip' ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òõ¤·, ¸«¤Ä¤«¤é - ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ïarchivers/unzip ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Çºî - ¤ì¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¡×¤È°ì¸ý¤Ë¤¤¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, ¤³¤ÎÊÑ¿ô¤Ï¼ÂºÝ - ¤Ë¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎŸ³«¤«¤é¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¡¦¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Þ¤ÇÁ´Éô¤ò¤Þ - ¤È¤á¤ÆÌÌÅݤò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î°Í¸´Ø·¸¤Ïextract - ¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¸¤«¤é¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - - FETCH_DEPENDS - -

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¤µ¤¢, port¤Îºî¤êÊý¤¬¤ï¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç, À¤³¦Ãæ¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ - ¤òport²½¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. FreeBSD¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ë¹×¸¥¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¤½¤ì - ¤¬¤â¤Ã¤È¤â´Êñ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹! :) diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ports.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ports.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index bbf2551..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ports.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,862 +0,0 @@ - - - - -¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë : ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó - -

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FreeBSD ¤Î´ðËÜ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï, Èó¾ï¤Ë¿¤¯¤Î¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤ä¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤«¤é -¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, ¤è¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î¤¦¤Á¿¤¯¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬, -¤³¤Î´ðËÜ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ï:- - - - ¡Ö»ä¤Ï x ¤È y ¤È z ¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ê¤¤¤ÈÀ¸¤­¤Æ¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡×¤È -¤¤¤¦Îà¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à (Î㤨¤Ð Lisp ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ä DOS ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤ò°·¤¦¤¿¤á¤Î -mtools ¤Ê¤É) ¤Ï, ¿Í¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÁ´Á³°ã¤¦¤«¤é. (Emacs ¤Ë²æËý¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¿Í¤ä, -DOS ¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤ò¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¿Í¤âÂçÀª¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦¿Í¤Ï -Emacs ¤ä mtools ¤¬´ðËÜ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â²¿¤ÎÌäÂê¤â¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦.) - - ´ðËÜ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤à¤Ë¤ÏÆü줹¤®¤ë¤«¤é. (CAD ¤ä¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ê¤É) - - ¡Ö»þ´Ö¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤é, ¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È¸«¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦¤«¤Ê¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤ÊÎà¤Î, -¤½¤ì¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤¬Ã×̿Ū¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¤Ê¤¤¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤À¤«¤é. - (¤ª¤½¤é¤¯, ²¿¤é¤«¤Î¸À¸ì¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦.) - -¤ª³Ú¤·¤ß¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¿¿ÌÌÌÜ¤Ê -¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¤¤¤Ã¤·¤ç¤ËÇÛÉÛ¤¹¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é. ;-) - - ¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò´ðËÜ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤ó¤À¤È¤·¤Æ¤â, ¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¤Ã¤È -ÁȤ߹þ¤ß¤¿¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦Í׵᤬½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤É¤³¤«¤ÇÀ©¸Â¤ò°ú¤«¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á. - (¤½¤¦¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð FreeBSD ¤ÎÇÛÉÛʪ¤Ï, ¤È¤Æ¤Ä¤â¤Ê¤¯ËÄÂç¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦.) - - -

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-¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ ( ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï - ¤Ë¤¢¤ë) ports ¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ¤½¤³¤ËÀø¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë -¤¢¤é¤æ¤ë¼ïÎà¤ÎÀèüŪ¤Ê¥í¥±¥Ã¥È¹©³ØŪ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤È´üÂÔ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È, -¤Ä¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤½¤¦¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬¤½¤³¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤À¤±¤Ê¤Î¤ò¸«¤Æ, -¤¬¤Ã¤«¤ê¤¹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - (ports ¤ò¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¤¹¤°¤Ë ¤ÎÀá¤Ç¤ªÏä·¤Þ¤¹.) - -

¡Ö°ìÂΤɤ¦¤·¤¿¤é¤¤¤¤¤ó¤À? ¤³¤³¤Ë¤Ï¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤¬Á´Á³¤Ê¤¤¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«?¡× -¤È¤¤¤¦¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¶«¤Ó¤¬Ê¹¤³¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹. - -

¿´ÇÛ¤¤¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤ª¤È¤Ê¤·¤¯Æɤó¤Ç¤¤¤±¤Ð, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤¬ (¤¿¤Ö¤ó) ÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë -¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. -»î¤·¤Ë ports ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ, ²¿¤¬µ¯¤­¤ë¤Î¤«¤ò¸«¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. -¤«¤Ê¤êŵ·¿Åª¤ÊÎã¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï `bash' (Bourne-Again Shell ¤È¤·¤Æ -ÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹) ¤òÁª¤Ó¤Þ¤¹. - -Note ¼«Âð¤Ç»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, root ¤Ë¤Ê¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - # cd /usr/ports/shells/bash - # make install - Checksums OK. - ===> Extracting for bash-1.14.5 - ===> Patching for bash-1.14.5 - ===> Applying FreeBSD patches for bash-1.14.5 - ===> Configuring for bash-1.14.5 - ===> Building for bash-1.14.5 - [¤È¤Æ¤â¤È¤Æ¤âÂçÎ̤Υá¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥é¤¬½ÐÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹...] - ===> Installing for bash-1.14.5 - make -f bash-Makefile bindir=/usr/local/bin prefix=/usr/local install - (cd ./documentation/; make ) - rm -f builtins.txt - nroff -man builtins.1 > builtins.txt - install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bash /usr/local/bin/bash - install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bashbug /usr/local/bin/bashbug - ( cd ./documentation/ ; make mandir=/usr/local/man/man1 man3dir=/usr/local/man/man3 -infodir=/usr/local/info install ) - [ -d /usr/local/man/man1 ] || mkdir /usr/local/man/man1 - [ -d /usr/local/info ] || mkdir /usr/local/info - ../support/install.sh -c -m 644 bash.1 /usr/local/man/man1 - ../support/install.sh -c -m 644 builtins.1 /usr/local/man/man1/bash_builtins.1 - ../support/install.sh -c -m 644 features.info /usr/local/info/bash.info - gzip -9nf /usr/local/man/man1/bash.1 /usr/local/man/man1/bash_builtins.1 - ===> Registering installation for bash-1.14.5 - - -

¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬º®Í𤷤ʤ¤¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤È¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë»þ¤Î½ÐÎϤò -¿¾¯¾Êά¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·¤â¤¢¤Ê¤¿¼«¿È¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤¿¤é, ºÇ½é¤Ë¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê -½ÐÎÏ·ë²Ì¤òÆÀ¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹:- - -

`make' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¼ê¸µ¤Ë¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò¸¡½Ð¤·, -½èÍý¤ò³¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò FTP ¤Ç¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - (·ë¹½¤¹¤´¤¤¤È¤Ï»×¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? 8-)) -¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤á¼êÆ°¤Ç¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤òÍÑ°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç, -»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. - -

¤Ç¤Ï, ³¤±¤Æ `make' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬²¿¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«¸«¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - ¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É ¤Î¤¢¤ê¤«¤ò -³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¼ê¸µ¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤éÆþ¼ê¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ, -¤½¤Î tarball ¤¬»ö¸Î¤«²¿¤«¤ÇÅÓÃæ¤ÇÀÚ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤ê, žÁ÷Ãæ¤Ë¥Ë¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥Î¤Ë -¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ý¤á¤é¤ì¤¿¤ê¤·¤Æ²þÊѤµ¤ì¤¿¤ê¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -tarball ¤ò°ì»þŪ¤Êºî¶ÈÍѥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËŸ³«¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -FreeBSD ¾å¤Ç¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤¿¤ê, Æ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¤Î¤ËɬÍ×¤Ê -¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ¤ò¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ËÅö¤Æ¤Þ¤¹. - - ¹½ÃۤΤ¿¤á¤ËɬÍפʥ³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î¼ÁÌä¤Ë¤ÏÀµ³Î¤ËÅú¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - (¤¤¤è¤¤¤è!) ¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¼Â¹Ô·Á¼°¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à, ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë, ¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò, -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Èº®¤¶¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë /usr/local °Ê²¼¤Ë -¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ports ¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤ÆƱ¤¸¾ì½ê¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì, -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤¢¤Á¤³¤Á¤Ë¤Ð¤é¤Þ¤«¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë·ë²Ì¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÅÐÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê, -¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¤â¤·¤âµ¤¤ËÆþ¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­¤â, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤«¤é -¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Îº¯Àפò¤­¤ì¤¤¤Ë ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - -

°Ê¾å¤Î¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤¬ make ¤Î½ÐÎϤȰìÃפ¹¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -º£¤Þ¤Ç³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ê¤é, º£¤«¤é¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤! - -FreeBSD ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÆþ¼ê

-¤¢¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î FreeBSD port ¤òÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ï ¤ò»È¤¦ÊýË¡¤Ç, -¤â¤¦¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ï ¤ò»È¤¦ÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹. - -CD-ROM ¤«¤é¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë -

-FreeBSD ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë, ``Do you want to link the ports -collection to your CDROM'' ¤È¤¤¤¦¼ÁÌä¤Ë yes ¤ÈÅú¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤é, -½é´üÀßÄê¤Ï´û¤Ë½ª¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

-¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - # mkdir /usr/ports - # cd /usr/ports - # ln -s /cdrom/ports/distfiles distfiles - - -ports ¤Î make ¥á¥«¥Ë¥º¥à¤¬ tarball ¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - (ports ¤Ï /usr/ports/distfiles ¤Ë tarball ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò´üÂÔ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, -¤½¤³¤«¤é CD-ROM ¤Î tarball ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄ¥¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹.) -

-¤µ¤Æ, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤«¤é gnats ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤è¤¦¤È -¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ÊýË¡¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤Ç¤¹:- - - - # cd /usr/ports - # mkdir databases - # cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases/gnats databases - # cd databases/gnats - # make install - - -¤â¤·¤â¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¤Þ¤¸¤á¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ, ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃæ¤Î -¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤òÈæ³Ó¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - # cd /usr/ports - # cp -R /cdrom/ports/databases . - # cd databases - # make install - - - (cp ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Î¥É¥Ã¥È¤Ï¥É¥Ã¥È¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ, ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¥¿¥¤¥×¥ß¥¹¤Ç¤Ï -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. Unix ¤Ç¥É¥Ã¥È¤Ï¸½ºß¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤¬¤¤¤ë¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò -°ÕÌ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹.) -

-ports make ¥á¥«¥Ë¥º¥à¤Ï, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ports ¤ò -¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -

-¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬µ¤¤ËÆþ¤é¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯°ã¤¦¤ä¤êÊý¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹:- -

-XFree86 ¤ÎÇÛÉۤ˴ޤޤì¤ë lndir(1) ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ -¡Ö¥ê¥ó¥¯¥Ä¥ê¡¼¡×¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¶õ¤­Îΰè¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤Æ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®¤·, -¤½¤³¤Ë¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò°Ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ CD-ROM ¾å¤Î ``ports'' -¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¥Õ¥ë¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤òºÇ½é¤Î°ú¿ô¤È¤·, . (¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê) ¤ò -2 ÈÖÌܤΰú¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ lndir(1) ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤ÏÎ㤨¤Ð°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦: - - lndir /cdrom/ports . - -

¤½¤·¤Æ, ºîÀ®¤·¤¿¥ê¥ó¥¯¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ÎÃæ¤Ç ports ¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, CD-ROM ¤«¤é -ľÀÜ ports ¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -

-¥é¥¤¥»¥ó¥¹¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ë¤è¤ê, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î ports ¤Ç¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ò -CD-ROM ¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, - ¤Î -Àá¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È·Ðͳ¤Ç ports ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë -

-CD-ROM ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê, ¤½¤Î ports ¤ÎºÇ¿·¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò³Î¼Â¤ËÆþ¼ê¤·¤¿¤¤ -¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤½¤Î ports ¤Î ¤ò -¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤È¤³¤í¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤ÏÍ·ê (¸í¤Ã¤Æ¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ò pkg ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë -¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê¼ºÇÔ) ¤¬ -¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ëºî¶È¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë´Êñ¤Ç¤¹. -

-¤³¤³¤Ç¸°¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Î FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤¬ -¤½¤Î¾ì¤Ç ¤òºîÀ®¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. -¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤ÏÎã¤È¤·¤Æ databases ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤¢¤ë -gnats ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. (³Ñ·¿¤«¤Ã¤³¤ÎÃæ¤Îʸ¤Ï¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤Ê¤Î¤Ç, -¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤ò¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤!):- - - - # cd /usr/ports - # mkdir databases - # cd databases - # ftp ftp.freebsd.org - [¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾ `ftp' ¤Ç¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·, ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤¿¤é, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎÅŻҥ᡼¥ë -¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥â¡¼¥É¤ò (¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥â¡¼¥É¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹) »È¤¦¤Î¤ò¤ªËº¤ì¤Ê¤¯!] - > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/databases - > get gnats.tar.gz [gnats ¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤Î tarballs ¤ò¼èÆÀ] - > quit - # tar xzf gnats.tar.gz [gnats ¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤ÎŸ³«] - # cd gnats - # make install [gnats ¤Î¹½Ãۤȥ¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë] - - -¤µ¤Æ²¿¤¬µ¯¤­¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤¤¤Ä¤âÄ̤ê¤ËÀܳ¤·¤Æ, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î -¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë°ÜÆ°¤·¤Þ¤¹. `get gnats.tar.gz' ¤È¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤È, -FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤Ï gnats ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò ¤Ë¤·¤Æ, Á÷¿®¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë°µ½Ì¤Þ¤Ç¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. -¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, °µ½Ì¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤è¤ê¤â¿¾¯Â®¤¯¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. -

-gnats ¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤òŸ³«¤·¤¿¤é, gnats ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ø°ÜÆ°¤·¤Æ ports ¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, make ¤Î²áÄø¤Ç -¼ê¸µ¤Ë¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò¸¡½Ð¤¹¤ë¤È, ¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ò¼èÆÀ¤·¤Æ¤«¤é -Ÿ³«¤·, ¥Ñ¥Ã¥ÁÅö¤Æ¤È¹½ÃÛ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

-¤½¤ì¤Ç¤Ï, ¾¯¤·ËÁ¸±¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. °ì¤Ä¤Î ports ¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤ò -¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë, ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÃæ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î -¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤Æ, ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÁ´ÂΤò¼èÆÀ¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. -¤ä¤êÊý¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤ÉƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¹:- - - - # cd /usr/ports - # ftp ftp.freebsd.org - [¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾ `ftp' ¤Ç¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·, ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤¿¤é, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎÅŻҥ᡼¥ë -¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥â¡¼¥É¤ò (¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥â¡¼¥É¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹) »È¤¦¤Î¤ò¤ªËº¤ì¤Ê¤¯!] - > cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports - > get databases.tar.gz [¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î tarballs ¤ò¼èÆÀ] - > quit - # tar xzf databases.tar.gz [¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤òŸ³«] - # cd databases - # make install [¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹ ports Á´Éô¤Î¹½Ãۤȥ¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë] - - -¤ï¤º¤«¤Ð¤«¤ê¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç, ¤³¤Î FreeBSD ¥Þ¥·¥ó¾å¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹ -¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò°ì·¤¤¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿! °ì¤Ä¤Î ports ¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤ò¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Æ -¤½¤ì¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤È¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò°ìÅ٤˼èÆÀ¤·¤Æ, -Á´Éô¤ò°ìÅ٤˥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. ¤«¤Ê¤ê´¶Æ°Åª¤À¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? -

-¤â¤·°ì¤Ä¤äÆó¤Ä¤Î ports ¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯, ¤â¤Ã¤È¿¤¯¤Î ports ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë -¤Ä¤â¤ê¤Ê¤é, ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ports ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯ -²ÁÃͤ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, °µ½Ì¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð 2¡Á3 MB ÄøÅÙ¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ç¤¹. -¤·¤«¤·, distfiles ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤â°ì½ï¤Ë¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë -¤Ä¤â¤ê¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ê¤é, Ä´»Ò¤Ë¾è¤Ã¤Æ `get ports.tar.gz' ¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. -distfiles ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤Ï, ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ports ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤¬ -ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËŤ¤»þ´Ö¤¬¤«¤«¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦! - - ¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó -

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-A. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤È¤Ï, ¤¢¤ë¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤«¤é¾¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ø¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò -¼¨¤¹, (Ä̾ï¤Ï) ¾®¤µ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¹. ¡Ö23 ¹ÔÌܤòºï½ü¡×, ¡Ö468 ¹ÔÌܤθå¤Ë -¤³¤ì¤é¤Î 2 ¹Ô¤òÄɲá×, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡Ö197 ¹ÔÌܤò¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊѹ¹¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ê -ÆâÍƤò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤Ï, `diff' ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÇÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -

-A. .tar.gz ¤È¤¤¤¦³ÈÄ¥»Ò¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¹. ( .tar.Z ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ð¥ê¥¨¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤â -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤·, DOS ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àÍÑ¤Ë .tgz ¤Èû½Ì¤µ¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹.) -

-¤³¤ì¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë, °ì¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¸Ç¤á¤Æ (.tar) °µ½Ì¤·¤¿ (.gz) ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê -¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Ç¤¹. -¤³¤ì¤Ï¸µ¡¹ -¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¿È¤ò¸«¤¿¤ê, Ÿ³«¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. -FreeBSD ¤Î´ðËÜ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÉÕ°¤¹¤ë Unix ɸ½à¤Î tar ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤È -¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹:- - - - tar tvzf foobar.tar.gz # foobar.tar.gz ¤ÎÆâÍƤò¸«¤ë - tar xzvf foobar.tar.gz # ¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÆâÍƤòŸ³«¤¹¤ë - - -

-A. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤¿¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ÆÀ¸À®¤·¤¿ -¿ôÃͤǤ¹. ²¿¤«Ê¸»ú¤¬½ñ¤­´¹¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤é, ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥µ¥à¤¬°ìÃפ·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤½¤Î¤¿¤á, ñ½ã¤ÊÈæ³Ó¤À¤±¤Ç°ã¤¤¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - (¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï, ʸ»ú¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤¬Æþ¤ìÂؤï¤ë¤Ê¤É¤Î, ñ½ã¤Ê²Ã»»¤Ç¤Ï¤ï¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤ÌäÂê¤â -¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ëÊ£»¨¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ç·×»»¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹.) - - -Q. »ä¤Ï, -¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ ports ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. -kermit ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿:- - - - # make install - >> cku190.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. - >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://kermit.columbia.edu/kermit/archives/. - - -¤Ê¤¼ cku190.tar.gz ¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? -ÉÔÎÉÉʤΠCD-ROM ¤òÇã¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? -

-A. Kermit ¤Î¸¢Íø¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Á¡¼¥à¤Ï, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Î CDROM ¤Ë kermit ¤Î tarball ¤ò -Æþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö²Ä¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. ¿½¤·Ê¬¤±¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ¼êÆ°¤Ç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò -Æþ¼ê¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬½Ð¤¿¤Î¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¤½¤Î¤È¤­¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ë -Àܳ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹. ¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤á¾åµ­¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤«¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò -¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¤ª¤±¤Ð, ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤òºÆ³«¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - (¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤ÎºÝ¤Ë¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ËºÇ¤â¶á¤¤¥µ¥¤¥È¤òÁª¤Ö¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -¤½¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð, »þ´Ö¤È¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ÎÂÓ°è¤ÎÀáÌó¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹) - - -Q. kermit ¤Î tarball ¤òÆþ¼ê¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, /usr/ports/distfiles ¤Ë -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÃÖ¤³¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, ½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß¸¢¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬¤Ç¤Þ¤¹. -

-A. ports ¤Î¤·¤¯¤ß¤Ï /usr/ports/distfiles ¤«¤é tarball ¤òõ¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¤·¤«¤·, ¤³¤ì¤Ï read-only ¤Î CD-ROM ¤Ø¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Ê¤Î¤Ç, -¤³¤³¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÃÖ¤¯¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð, ¾¤Î¾ì½ê¤òõ¤¹¤è¤¦ ports ¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - DISTDIR=/where/you/put/it make install - - - -Q. ports ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ò /usr/ports ¤ËÃÖ¤¤¤¿¤È¤­¤À¤±Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î´ÉÍý¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È, »ä¤Î¸Ä¿ÍŪ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï -/u/people/guests/wurzburger ¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, -¤³¤ì¤Ç¤Ï ¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤«¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

-A. PORTSDIR ÊÑ¿ô¤È PREFIX ÊÑ¿ô¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, °ã¤¦¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò -»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, - - - PORTSDIR=/u/people/guests/wurzburger/ports make install - - -¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, ports ¤Ï /u/people/guests/wurzburger/ports ¤Ç¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤µ¤ì, -¤¹¤Ù¤Æ /usr/local °Ê²¼¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - - PREFIX=/u/people/guests/wurzburger/local make install - - -¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Ï /usr/ports ¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤, -/u/people/guests/wurzburger/local ¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëξ¼Ô¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - - - PORTSDIR=.../ports PREFIX=.../local make install - - - (¾Êά¤»¤º¤Ëµ­½Ò¤·¤¿¤é, ¤³¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ë¼ý¤á¤ë¤Ë¤ÏŤ¹¤®¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, -¹Í¤¨Êý¤ÏÍý²ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤±¤¿¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹) -

-¤â¤· ports ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë, ¤³¤ì¤é¤òËè²ó¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬ -µ¤¤ËÆþ¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, (ÀµÄ¾¤Ë¸À¤Ã¤Æ, ï¤â¤½¤¦»×¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦) -¤³¤ì¤é¤ò´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦¼ê¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -Q. »ä¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Î CD-ROM ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, »ä¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î tarball ¤ò -»ä¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤­¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð, »ä¤Ï ports ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë -¤¹¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë, Ëè²ó¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤¬½ª¤ï¤ë¤Î¤òÂÔ¤¿¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤¹¤à¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. -¤³¤ì¤ò°ìÅ٤ˤª¤³¤Ê¤¦´Êñ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? - -

-A. ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥óÁ´ÂΤΠtarball ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make fetch - - -ports ¤Î²¼¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Î tarball ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë -¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - # cd /usr/ports/directory - # make fetch - - -ports ¤ò¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤À¤±»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ëÊýË¡¤Ï, ¤­¤Ã¤È´û¤Ë¤´Â¸ÃΤÀ¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -Q. ¥Þ¥¹¥¿ FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é tarball ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤è¤ê, ¶á¤¯¤Ë¤¢¤ë FreeBSD ¤Î -¥ß¥é¡¼¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤é»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤¿Êý¤¬Â®¤¤¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. MASTER_SITES ¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë -¥µ¥¤¥È°Ê³°¤«¤é»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë ports ¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? -

-A. ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð ftp.FreeBSD.ORG ¤¬ MASTER_SITES ¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë -¥µ¥¤¥È¤è¤ê¶á¤¤¤È¤·¤¿¤é, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - # cd /usr/ports/directory - # make MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE=ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/ fetch - - - -Q. ¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤ò¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë, ¤É¤ó¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬É¬ÍפʤΤ«ÃΤꤿ¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬. -

-A. 'make fetch-list' ¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, ports ¤ËɬÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤Î°ìÍ÷¤òɽ¼¨¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - -Q. ports ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤òÅÓÃæ¤Ç»ß¤á¤ëÊýË¡¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«? -»ä¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤È¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ò²òÀϤ·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, -Ëè²ó control-C ¤òÂǤ¿¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤¬¾¯¤·ÌÌÅݤǤ¹. -

-A. 'make extract' ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëžÁ÷¤È¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ÎŸ³«¤Þ¤Ç -¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤ÇÄä»ß¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - -Q. ¼«Ê¬¤Ç ports ¤òºî¤í¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. »ä¤Îºî¤Ã¤¿¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤¬ -Àµ¤·¤¯½èÍý¤Ç¤­¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤ò»ß¤á¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹. -¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î 'make extract' ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? -

-A. ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. 'make patch' ¤¬¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¤ªË¾¤ß¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. -¤È¤³¤í¤Ç, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎÅØÎϤ˴¶¼Õ¤¤¤¿¤·¤Þ¤¹!! - - -Q. ¤¢¤ë¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¥Ð¥°¤Î¸¶°ø¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦Ïäòʹ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. -ËÜÅö¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? ¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤¿¤éÀµ¤·¤¤ÀßÄê¤Ç ports ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤«? -

-A. ËÜÅö¤Ç¤¹. gcc ¤Î ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.6.3 (FreeBSD¤Î 2.1.0 ¤È 2.1.5 ¤ËÉÕ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë -¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó) ¤Ç¤Ï, -O2 ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò -fno-strength-reduce ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ê¤·¤Ç -»È¤¦¤È, ¥Ð¥°¤Î¤¢¤ë¥³¡¼¥É¤ò½ÐÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹ (¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î ports ¤Ï -O2 ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò -»È¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó). ¥³¥ó¥Ð¥¤¥é¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄêµÁ - # CFLAGS='-O2 -fno-strength-reduce' make install - - -/etc/make.conf ¤òÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤³¤ì¤¬È¿±Ç¤µ¤ì¤ë -Ìõ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤â¤Ã¤È¤â³Î¼Â¤Ê¤Î¤Ï 'make configure' ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·, -¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î Makefile ¤ò¸«¤Æ¼ê¤Ç½¤À°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¥½¡¼¥¹¤¬ -¿¤¯¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¤ï¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ³Æ¡¹¤Ë Makefile ¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï -ÂçÊѤʻŻö¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -Q. ports ¤¬¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ê¤¹¤®¤Æ, »ä¤ÎÍߤ·¤¤¤â¤Î¤¬¤Ê¤«¤Ê¤«¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤É¤ó¤Ê ports ¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤Î¤«, ¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï¤É¤³¤«¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? -

-A. INDEX ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï /usr/ports ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -Q. 'foo' ports ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤½¤ì¤Ï¤¹¤°¤ËÄä»ß¤·¤Æ, -'bar' ports ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¬»Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. °ìÂΤɤ¦¤·¤Æ? -

-A. 'foo' ports ¤¬, 'bar' ports ¤ÎÄ󶡤¹¤ë²¿¤é¤«¤Îµ¡Ç½¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. -Î㤨¤Ð 'foo' ¤¬²èÁü¤ò»È¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, 'bar' ¤Ï²èÁü½èÍý¤ËɬÍ×¤Ê -¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë, ¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤¹. -¤Þ¤¿¤Ï, 'bar' ¤Ï 'foo' ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ËɬÍפʥġ¼¥ë¤Ê¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

-A. Âç¾æÉ×, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - pkg_delete grizzle-6.5 - - - -Q. ¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÂԤäƤ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ºï½ü¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈÖ¹æ¤ò -ÃΤäƤ¤¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï, »ä¤¬¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈÖ¹æ¤ò -³Ð¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤òËܵ¤¤ÇÅö¤Æ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? -

-A. ¤½¤ó¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈÖ¹æ¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - pkg_info -a | grep grizzle - - -¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤È¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹:- - - - Information for grizzle-6.5: - grizzle-6.5 - the combined piano tutorial, LOGO interpreter and shoot 'em up arcade game. - - - -Q. ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ÍÆÎ̤Τ³¤È¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ports ¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËËÄÂç¤ÊÍÆÎ̤ò -»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤Þ¤¹. »Ä¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤¿Êý¤¬¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? ºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤â -¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? - -

-A. ¤Ï¤¤. ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬¼óÈø¤è¤¯½ª¤ï¤ê, ¤â¤¦¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤¬É¬ÍפǤʤ¤¤È»×¤¦¤Ê¤é, -¤½¤ì¤é¤ò»Ä¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯Íýͳ¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. °ìÈ֤褤ÊýË¡¤Ï, ¼¡¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹. - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make clean - - -¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ports ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òÄ´¤Ù, -³Æ ports ¤Î¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó°Ê³°¤Îºï½ü¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -Q. ¤³¤ì¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, tarball ¤ä ports ¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ -distfiles ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤âºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤âÂç¾æÉפǤ¹¤«? -

-A. ¤Ï¤¤. ¤½¤ì¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ºî¶È¤¬½ª¤ï¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤âÂç¾æÉפǤ¹. - - -Q. »ä¤Ï¤È¤Æ¤â¤È¤Æ¤â¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò³Ú¤·¤ß¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹. -°ìÅ٤ˤ¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ports ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? -

-A. ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make install - - - -Q. ¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤¿. »þ´Ö¤¬¤È¤Æ¤â¤«¤«¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¤È»×¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç, ¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¼Â¹Ô¤ò -³¤±¤µ¤»¤Æ, »ä¤Ï¿²¤Þ¤·¤¿. ÍâÄ«¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ò¸«¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤È, »°¤ÄȾ¤Î ports ¤·¤« -½èÍý¤¬½ª¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. ¤Ê¤Ë¤«°­¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? -

-A. ¤³¤ì¤Ï ports ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î·è¤á¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È (Î㤨¤Ð, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ A4 ¤Î -ÍÑ»æ¤Ë°õºþ¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤«, US ¥ì¥¿¡¼¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎÍÑ»æ¤Ë°õºþ¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤«¤Ê¤É) ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ -¼ÁÌ䤷¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤é¤Î¼ÁÌä¤Ë¤Ï¼êÆ°¤ÇÅú¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -Q. »ä¤Ï°ìÆüÃæ¥â¥Ë¥¿¤ÎÁ°¤ËºÂ¤Ã¤Æ²á¤´¤·¤¿¤ê¤·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬. -²¿¤«¤è¤¤¥¢¥¤¥Ç¥¢¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? -

-A. ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¿²¤Ë / »Å»ö¤Ë / ¸ø±à¤Ë¤¤¤¯Á°¤Ë°Ê²¼¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤:- - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make -DBATCH install - - -¤³¤ì¤Ç¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÆþÎϤòÍ׵ᤷ¤Ê¤¤¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ports ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¤½¤·¤Æ, Ìá¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤«¤é, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - # cd /usr/ports - # make -DIS_INTERACTIVE install - - -¤½¤·¤Æ, »Ä¤ê¤Îºî¶È¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -Q. »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤¢¤ë frobble ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¤Ç¤¹¤¬, »ä¤¿¤Á¤ÎɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ ports ¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. -¼«Ê¬¤Ç¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ, ¤½¤ì¤ò»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î¤Þ¤ï¤ê¤Ë -´Êñ¤ËÇÛÉۤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«? -

-A. ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Êѹ¹ÅÀ¤ò¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤Ë¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤ÏÃΤäƤ¤¤Þ¤¹¤è¤Í:- - - - # cd /usr/ports/somewhere/frobble - # make extract - # cd work/frobble-2.8 - [¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤òÅö¤Æ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤] - # cd ../.. - # make package - - - -Q. ¤³¤Î ports ¤Îµ»½Ñ¤ÏËÜÅö¤Ë¸­¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤Í. ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆÆ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤« -»ä¤Ï¤É¤¦¤·¤Æ¤âÃΤꤿ¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ÎÈëÌ©¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«? -

-A. ÈëÌ©¤Ï°ìÀÚ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -¤Ë¤¢¤ë bsd.ports.mk ¤È bsd.ports.subdir.mk ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¸«¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - (Ãí: Ê£»¨¤Ê¥·¥§¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò·ù¤¦ÆɼԤÏ, ¤³¤Î¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄɤ¤¤«¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Û¤¦¤¬ -¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦.) - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ppp.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ppp.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index da6e03c..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/ppp.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,429 +0,0 @@ - - - - -¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë PPP ¤ÎÀßÄê - -

¸¶ºî: &a.gena;. -

Ìõ: &a.graphite;.6 September 1996. - -PPP ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò»Ï¤á¤ëÁ°¤Ë, pppd ¤¬ /usr/sbin ¤Ë¤¢¤ê, ¤Þ¤¿ /etc/ppp ¤È¤¤¤¦ -¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -pppd ¤Ï¤Õ¤¿¤Ä¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤ÇÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¡Ö¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¡×¥â¡¼¥É. ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÀܳ¤ä¥â¥Ç¥à¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ, ¤½¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ò -³°Éô¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë PPP Àܳ¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ËÍѤ¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¡Ö¥µ¡¼¥Ð¡×¥â¡¼¥É. ¤½¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë, PPP ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ -¤Û¤«¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ëºÝ¤ËÍѤ¤¤Þ¤¹. - -¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â, ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹ - (/etc/ppp/options ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¾å¤Ç PPP ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¿Í¤¬ -Ê£¿ô¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï ~/.ppprc). - -¤Þ¤¿, ¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¤È¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ø¤ÎÀܳ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÀܳ¤ä¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò -Áàºî¤¹¤ë, ¤Ê¤ó¤é¤«¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹ (kermit ¤¬Å¬¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦). - -PPP ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÆ°ºî - -

»ä¤Ï, CISCO ¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î PPP ²óÀþ¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ²¼µ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê - /etc/ppp/options ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -crtscts # enable hardware flow control -modem # modem control line -noipdefault # remote PPP server must supply your IP address. - # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during IPCP - # negotiation , remove this option -passive # wait for LCP packets -domain ppp.foo.com # put your domain name here - -: # put the IP of remote PPP host here - # it will be used to route packets via PPP link - # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option - # change this line to : - -defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your - # default router - - -ÀܳÊýË¡: - - kermit (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥â¥Ç¥àÁàºî¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë -¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¤·, Àܳ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤·¤Æ, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤È¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É (ɬÍ× -¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¤½¤Î¾¤Ë¤â¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç PPP ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÁàºî) ¤òÆþÎÏ -¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - kermit ¤òÈ´¤±¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. (²óÀþ¤òÀÚÃǤ»¤º¤Ë) - - ²¼µ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹: - -/usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200 - -(ÄÌ¿®Â®Å٤ȥǥХ¤¥¹Ì¾¤Ë¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î´Ä¶­¤ËŬ¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) - - -¤³¤ì¤Ç¤³¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ï PPP ¤ÇÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤â¤·, ¤Ê¤ó¤é¤«¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ç -Àܳ¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¤Ê¤é¤Ð, /etc/ppp/options ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë "debug" -¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄɲä·¤Æ, ÌäÂêÅÀ¤òÆͤ­»ß¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë -¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -²¼µ­¤Î /etc/ppp/pppup ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï, ¾åµ­¤Îºî¶È¤ò -¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 - - -/etc/ppp/kermit.dial ¤Ï kermit ÍѤΥ¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ç, ¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¤·¤Æ, -¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¤Îǧ¾Ú¤ËɬÍפʤ¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î½èÍý¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -(¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ÎÎã¤Ï¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Î½ª¤ï¤ê¤ËźÉÕ¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹) - -PPP Àܳ¤òÀÚÃǤ¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ²¼µ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê /etc/ppp/pppdown ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò -»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹: - -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill -TERM ${pid} -fi - -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down -/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup -/etc/ppp/ppptest - - -PPP ¤¬Æ°ºîÃ椫¤É¤¦¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹ (/usr/etc/ppp/ppptest): - -#!/bin/sh -pid=`ps ax| grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then - echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE} -else - echo 'No pppd running.' -fi -set -x -netstat -n -I ppp0 -ifconfig ppp0 - - -¥â¥Ç¥à²óÀþ¤òÀÚÃǤ·¤Þ¤¹ (/etc/ppp/kermit.hup): - -set line /dev/tty01 ; put your modem device here -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -echo \13 -exit - - - -

¼¡¤Ï kermit ¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë chat ¤ò»È¤¦ÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹. - -¸¶ºî: &a.rhuff;. - -

pppd Àܳ¤ò³ÎΩ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀßÄê¤À¤±¤Ç½½Ê¬¤Ç¤¹. - -

/etc/ppp/options: - - /dev/cuaa1 115200 - -crtscts # enable hardware flow control -modem # modem control line -connect "/usr/bin/chat -f /etc/ppp/login.chat.script" -noipdefault # remote PPP server must supply your IP address. - # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during - # IPCP negotiation, remove this option -passive # wait for LCP packets -domain # put your domain name here - -: # put the IP of remote PPP host here - # it will be used to route packets via PPP link - # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option - # change this line to : - -defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be - # your default router - - - -

/etc/ppp/login.chat.script: - -(¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï°ì¹Ô¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹.) - - -ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' "" AT OK ATDT - CONNECT "" TIMEOUT 10 ogin:-\\r-ogin: - TIMEOUT 5 sword: - - - -Àµ¤·¤¯¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·ÊÔ½¸¤·¤¿¸å¤Ï, ɬÍפʻö¤Ï¤³¤ì¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹ - -

pppd. - - - ¤³¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ï¼ç¤Ë Trev Roydhouse <Trev.Roydhouse@f401.n711.z3.fidonet.org> -¤«¤é´ó¤»¤é¤ì¤¿¾ðÊó¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¾µÂú¤òÆÀ¤Æ»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -PPP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÆ°ºî - -

/etc/ppp/options: - -crtscts # Hardware flow control -netmask 255.255.255.0 # netmask ( not required ) -192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165 # ip's of local and remote hosts - # local ip must be different from one - # you assigned to the ethernet ( or other ) - # interface on your machine. - # remote IP is ip address that will be - # assigned to the remote machine -domain ppp.foo.com # your domain -passive # wait for LCP -modem # modem line - - -²¼µ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê /etc/ppp/pppserv ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ç, ¤½¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ò -PPP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi - -# reset ppp interface -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -# enable autoanswer mode -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans - -# run ppp -pppd /dev/tty01 19200 - - -PPP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¤³¤Î /etc/ppp/pppservdown ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È -¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹: - -#!/bin/sh -ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid} - kill ${pid} -fi -ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep -pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'` -if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then - echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid} - kill -9 ${pid} -fi -ifconfig ppp0 down -ifconfig ppp0 delete - -kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans - - -²¼µ­¤Î kermit ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¼«Æ°±þÅúµ¡Ç½¤òÍ­¸ú, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹ -(/etc/ppp/kermit.ans): - -set line /dev/tty01 -set speed 19200 -set file type binary -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none - -pau 1 -out +++ -inp 5 OK -out ATH0\13 -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -out ATS0=1\13 ; change this to out ATS0=0\13 if you want to disable - ; autoanswer mode -inp 5 OK -echo \13 -exit - - -¤³¤Î /etc/ppp/kermit.dial ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë -¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¤·, ǧ¾Ú¼ê³¤­¤ò¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÏɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ, ¤³¤ì¤ò -Êѹ¹¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤È¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¤³¤Î -¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ë½ñ¤«¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¤·, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ä¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¤Î -±þÅú¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï, ÆþÎÏÂÔ¤Á¤Îʸ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ëɬÍפ⤢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -; -; put the com line attached to the modem here: -; -set line /dev/tty01 -; -; put the modem speed here: -; -set speed 19200 -set file type binary ; full 8 bit file xfer -set file names literal -set win 8 -set rec pack 1024 -set send pack 1024 -set block 3 -set term bytesize 8 -set command bytesize 8 -set flow none -set modem hayes -set dial hangup off -set carrier auto ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary, -set dial display on ; Then SET DIAL if necessary, -set input echo on -set input timeout proceed -set input case ignore -def \%x 0 ; login prompt counter -goto slhup - -:slcmd ; put the modem in command mode -echo Put the modem in command mode. -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -output +++ ; hayes escape sequence -input 1 OK\13\10 ; wait for OK -if success goto slhup -output \13 -pause 1 -output at\13 -input 1 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again - -:slhup ; hang up the phone -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -pause 1 -echo Hanging up the phone. -output ath0\13 ; hayes command for on hook -input 2 OK\13\10 -if fail goto slcmd ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode - -:sldial ; dial the number -pause 1 -echo Dialing. -output atdt9,550311\13\10 ; put phone number here -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter - -:look -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -input 1 {CONNECT } -if success goto sllogin -reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10} -if success goto sldial -reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10} -if success goto slnodial -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 60 goto look -else goto slhup - -:sllogin ; login -assign \%x 0 ; zero the time counter -pause 1 -echo Looking for login prompt. - -:slloop -increment \%x ; Count the seconds -clear ; Clear unread characters from input buffer -output \13 -; -; put your expected login prompt here: -; -input 1 {Username: } -if success goto sluid -reinput 1 {\255} -if success goto slhup -reinput 1 {\127} -if success goto slhup -if < \%x 10 goto slloop ; try 10 times to get a login prompt -else goto slhup ; hang up and start again if 10 failures - -:sluid -; -; put your userid here: -; -output ppp-login\13 -input 1 {Password: } -; -; put your password here: -; -output ppp-password\13 -input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.} -echo -quit - -:slnodial -echo \7No dialtone. Check the telephone line!\7 -exit 1 - -; local variables: -; mode: csh -; comment-start: "; " -; comment-start-skip: "; " -; end: - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/printing.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/printing.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 65e0180..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/printing.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4179 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÍøÍÑ - -

Ãø¼Ô &a.kelly;30 September 1995 -

Ìõ¼Ô &a.kimura;3 September 1996 - - FreeBSD ¤Ç¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Ð¡¼¥¯¥ì¥¤¥é¥¤¥ó¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à (LPD¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤È¤·¤Æ¤âÃΤé¤ì¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤¹) ¤¬µ¡Ç½¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ - ¤¹. ËÜÀá¤Ç¤Ï, LPD¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à (ÂçÄñ¤Î¾ì¹ç, ñ¤ËLPD¤È¸Æ - ¤Ð¤ì¤ë) ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¾Ò²ð¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤â¤·, LPD¤ä¾¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ´û¤Ë¾Ü¤·¤¤ - Ã챤ò¤ª»ý¤Á¤ÎÊý¤Ï, ¡Ö¡×¤«¤éÆɤ߻Ϥá¤Æ - ¤â·ë¹½¤Ç¤¹. - - - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥é¤Ï²¿¤ò¤¹¤ë¤« - -

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¤³¤³¤Þ¤Ç¤Ç, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì, (ɬÍפʤé) - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÈÄÌ¿®¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·, ´Êñ¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¥× - ¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ËÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ç, LPD¤Ë¥×¥ê - ¥ó¥¿¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òÀ©¸æ¤µ¤»¤ëÀßÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦½àÈ÷¤¬À°¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - LPD¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï /etc/printcap ¤òÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - LPD¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¥¹¥×¡¼¥é¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ëËè¤Ë¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë - ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤È¤¹¤°¤Ë¤½¤ÎÊѹ¹¤¬ - È¿±Ç¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - /etc/printcap ¤ÎÊÔ½¸¤Ï¤ª¹¥¤ß¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ò¤ª - »È¤¤¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î½ñ¼°¤Ï, - /usr/share/misc/termcap ¤ä /etc/remote - ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Â¾¤Î¥±¥¤¥Ñ¥Ó¥ê¥Æ¥£¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È°ìÃפ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î½ñ¼° - ¤Î¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ê¾ðÊó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï cgetent(3) ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥é¤Îñ½ã¤ÊÀßÄêË¡¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë̾Á° (¤È´Êñ¤ÊÊÌ̾2¡Á3¸Ä) ¤òÉÕ¤±, ¤½¤ì¤ò - /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ëµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤ - ¤Æ¤Ï, ¡Ö¡× ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¡× ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ëÍѤΥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®¤·, ¤½¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤ò - ¡× ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë /dev ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò - ÀßÄꤷ, /etc/printcap ¤Î ¡× ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ËÀܳ¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¡× - ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥×¥ì¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥ÈÍѤÎÆþÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò - ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¡Ö¡× ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¤È ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - ¡×¤Ç, ¤½ - ¤ì¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¨¤Ð¤è¤¤¤Î¤«¤¬ÀâÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë̾Á°¤òÉÕ¤±¤ë - -

ºÇ½é¤Î (´Êñ¤Ê) ¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤Ç, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î̾Á°¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ¥× - ¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¤ÏÊÌ̾¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«ÉÕ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ç, µ¡Ç½Åª¤Ê̾Á° - ¤Ç¤âÉ÷ÊѤï¤ê¤Ê̾Á°¤Ç¤â¤É¤Á¤é¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç¤â¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯ÌäÂê¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â1¤Ä¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¤Ï, /etc/printcap ¤ÎÃæ - ¤Ç, /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿Ì¾¤Ï°ìÈÖº¸¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤«¤é½ñ¤­»Ï¤á¤Þ - ¤¹. ÊÌ̾¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì½ÄËÀ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¶èÀÚ¤é¤ì, ºÇ¸å¤ÎÊÌ̾¤Î¸å¤í¤Ë - ¥³¥í¥ó¤òÃÖ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, 2Âæ¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ (Diablo 630 ¥é¥¤¥ó¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤È - Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript ¥ì¡¼¥¶¥é¥¤¥¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿) ¤¬ÄêµÁ - ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë /etc/printcap ¤Î¥¹¥±¥ë¥È¥ó¤òµ­¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4: - - - ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ºÇ½é¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î°õ»ú¤ò¶Ø»ß¤¹¤ë - -

LPD¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¥¸¥ç¥ÖËè¤Ë/etc/printcap - ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë /etc/printcap ¤ÎÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ - ¤¹. - - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - no header pages anywhere -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh: - - - ¤³¤Î½ñ¼°¤òÀµ¤·¤¯»È¤¦¤¿¤á¤ÎÃí°Õ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ½é¤Î¹Ô¤Ïº¸ - ü¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤Ë³¤¯¹Ô¤Ï TAB ¤Ò¤È¤Äʬ¤À¤± - »ú²¼¤²¤·¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ¸å¤Î¹Ô°Ê³°¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¹Ô¤Ï, ¹ÔËö¤Ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã - ¥·¥å¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎºîÀ® - -

¥¹¥×¡¼¥é¤Î´Êñ¤ÊÀßÄê¤Î¼¡¤Î¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤Ç¤Ï, /var/spool ¤Î²¼¤ËÃÖ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Þ¤¿, ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ÎÆâÍƤϥХ寥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¤¹ - ¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. -mkdir /var/spool/printer-name - - - ¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Ë»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬¤¿¤¯ - ¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð, LPD¤Ç°õ»ú¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀìÍѤΥǥ£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òÃÖ¤­¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¦¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - Îã¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤­¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ -mkdir /var/spool/lpd -mkdir /var/spool/lpd/rattan -mkdir /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - - - -chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan -chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/bamboo -chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan -chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - - - ºÇ¸å¤Ë, /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¥£ - ¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤ò LPD ¤ËÅÁ¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê - ¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤Ï -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - added spooling directories -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo: - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿Ì¾¤¬ºÇ½é¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤½¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - ¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤ë¾¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï TAB ¤Ç»ú²¼¤²¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤ - ¤ë¤³¤È, ³Æ¹Ô¤¬¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤Ç½ª¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ - ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - /var/spool/lpd - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤȤ·¤Æ»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÆÃÄê - -

¡Ö¡×¤Ç¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Ç¥×¥ê¥ó - ¥¿¤È¤ÎÄÌ¿®¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë /dev ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÆâ¤Î - ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÆÃÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ, LPD ¤Ë¤½¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÅÁ¤¨¤Þ - ¤¹. °õ»ú¤¹¤ë¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤È, ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï, - (¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÅϤ¹µÁ̳¤¬¤¢¤ë) ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë - Âå¤ï¤Ã¤Æ»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç /dev ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òµ­Æþ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤³¤Ç¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, /etc/printcap ¤Ë¤Ï - ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - identified what devices to use -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5: - - - /etc/printcap ¤Ç¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î /dev/lp ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. /dev/lp ¤Ï, - ¸½ºß¤Î FreeBSD ¤Ë¤Ï¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ÀßÃÖ¤·¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ¡Ö¡×¤Þ¤ÇÆɤßÈô¤Ð¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¼¡Àá¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤Ë³¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥é¤Î¤¿¤á¤ÎÄÌ¿®¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ÎÀßÄê - - -

¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤òÀܳ¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥Ç¡¼ - ¥¿¤òÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ËÂå¤ï¤ê, ÄÌ¿®Â®ÅÙ¤ä¥Ñ¥ê - ¥Æ¥£, ¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÄÌ¿®¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç - ¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ëÍøÅÀ¤Ï, - - - /etc/printcap ¤òÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç, ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê - ÄÌ¿®¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥×¥í - ¥°¥é¥à¤òºÆ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÄÌ¿®¤ÎÀßÄ꤬°Û - ¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤Ê£¿ô¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ËƱ¤¸¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥×¥í - ¥°¥é¥à¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¼¡¤Î /etc/printcap ¤Î¹àÌܤÇ, - br#/ - - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÄÌ¿®Â®ÅÙ¤ò fc#/ - - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤·¤¿¸å¤Ç, fs#/ - - xc#/ - - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤·¤¿¸å¤Ç, ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥â¡¼¥É¥Ó¥Ã¥È - xs#/ - - ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥â¡¼¥É¥Ó¥Ã¥È - /usr/include/sys/ioctl_compat.h ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯ - ¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¹àÌÜ -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000c1:xs#0x820: - - - - ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - -

¤³¤³¤Þ¤Ç¤Ç, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òÁ÷¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤¦¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£ - ¥ë¥¿¤ò LPD ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë½àÈ÷¤¬À°¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ÀßÄê¤Ç¤Ï, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òÁ÷¤ë¤¿¤á, - /bin/cat ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥·¥§¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥× - ¥È¤Ç´Ö¤Ë¹ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD ¤Ëɸ½à¤ÇÉÕ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ¡×¤Ç¾Ü¤·¤¯ÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - ºÇ½é¤Ë, ´Êñ¤Ê¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥·¥§¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È - /usr/local/libexec/if-simple ¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç - ¤¦. ¼¡¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤ò¤ª¹¥¤ß¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Ç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë - ½ñ¤­¹þ¤ó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -#!/bin/sh -# -# if-simple - Simple text input filter for lpd -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/if-simple -# -# Simply copies stdin to stdout. Ignores all filter arguments. - -/bin/cat && exit 0 -exit 2 - - ¤½¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼Â¹Ô²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/if-simple - - - LPD ¤Ë¤³¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, - /etc/printcap ¤Ë /etc/printcap ¤ÎÎã¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - 2Âæ¤Ë, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - added text filter -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - - - °õ»ú¤·¤Æ¤ß¤è¤¦ - - -

´Êñ¤Ê LPD ÀßÄê¤â½ª¤ï¤ê¤Ë¤¿¤É¤êÃ夭¤Þ¤·¤¿. »ÄÇ°¤Ê¤¬¤é, - ÀßÄê¤Ï¤³¤ì¤Ç¤ª¤·¤Þ¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é, - ¤µ¤é¤Ë, ÀßÄê¤ò¥Æ¥¹¥È¤·, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÌäÂêÅÀ¤ò²ò·è¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï - ¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. ÀßÄê¤ò¥Æ¥¹¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ²¿¤«¤ò°õ»ú¤· - ¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. LPD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç°õ»ú¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, - ¡×¤Ç¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿, - ¤¢¤ë¥Æ¥¹¥ÈÍѤΥƥ­¥¹¥È¤òÀ¸À®¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë ´Êñ¤Ê LPD ÀßÄê¤ò¥Æ¥¹¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë: - -

¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -lptest 20 5 | lpr -P - - ¤³¤³¤Ç, /etc/printcap - ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿Ì¾ (¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¤½¤ÎÊÌ̾) ¤Ç¤¹. ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È - ¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, -!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234 -"#$%&'()*+,-./012345 -#$%&'()*+,-./0123456 -$%&'()*+,-./01234567 -%&'()*+,-./012345678 - - - ¹¹¤Ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò¥Æ¥¹¥È¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, (¸À¸ì¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó - ¥¿¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î) ¤â¤Ã¤ÈÂ礭¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òÁ÷¿®¤¹¤ë¤«, °ú¿ô¤ò - ÊѤ¨¤Æ ¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥° - -

- /usr/local/libexec/if-simple - ¤ò¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ø¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òÁ÷¿®¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë - FROM FEED ʸ»ú¤ò°õ»ú¤µ¤»¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -#!/bin/sh -# -# if-simple - Simple text input filter for lpd -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/if-simple -# -# Simply copies stdin to stdout. Ignores all filter arguments. -# Writes a form feed character (\f) after printing job. - -/bin/cat && printf "\f" && exit 0 -exit 2 - - - -!"#$%&'()*+,-./01234 - "#$%&'()*+,-./012345 - #$%&'()*+,-./0123456 - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï -¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬ CR ¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­ CR Æ°ºî (Éüµ¢) ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦. -¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬ LF ¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­ CR + LF Æ°ºî (Éüµ¢, ²þ¹Ô) ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦. - - - ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Îʸ»ú¤Î²ò¼á¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - ¤ÎÀßÄꥹ¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤«¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¥Ñ¥Í¥ë¤òÁàºî¤¹¤ëÊý - Ë¡. ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆÀßÄê¤ò¤¹¤ë¤«¤Ï¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å - ¥¢¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë LF ¤ò CR+LF ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë - FreeBSD ÍѤΥ·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤òÆþ¼ê¤¹¤ëÊýË¡. ¤â - ¤Á¤í¤ó, ¤³¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ÀìÍѤËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤ë - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È/etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤ÇÂоݥץê¥ó¥¿¤Î LF ʸ»ú¤Î°·¤¤¤ò°ì»þŪ¤ËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î ¼¡¤Ë, Hewlett Packard ¼Ò¤Î PCL ¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×¥³¡¼ - ¥É¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë - ¥¿¤ÎÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ç¤Ï, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - ¤Ë LF ʸ»ú¤ò LF ¤È CR ¤Î2ʸ»ú¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤»¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òÁ÷¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ¸å¤Ë, - ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤ÎºÇ½ª¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î»æ¤òÇӽФ¹¤ë¤¿¤á, FROM - FEED ʸ»ú¤òÁ÷¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï Hewlett - Packard ¼Ò¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Çµ¡Ç½¤¹¤ë¤Ï - ¤º¤Ç¤¹. - - -#!/bin/sh -# -# hpif - Simple text input filter for lpd for HP-PCL based printers -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpif -# -# Simply copies stdin to stdout. Ignores all filter arguments. -# Tells printer to treat LF as CR+LF. Writes a form feed character -# after printing job. - -printf "\033&k2G" && cat && printf "\f" && exit 0 -exit 2 - - - ¥Û¥¹¥È orchid ¤Ë¤¢¤ë /etc/printcap ¤Î - Îã¤ò°Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ë¤Ï, °ìÈÖÌܤΥѥé¥ì¥ë - ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ (Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si) - ¤¬°ìÂæÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤½¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿Ì¾¤Ï - -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid -# -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif: - - - if-simple ¤Î cat ¤ÎÉôʬ - ¤òÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹. ¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë - ¤¹¤ë¤«¤Ï, ÆɼԤؤÎÎý½¬ÌäÂê¤È¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - -¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬ CR ¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­ CR Æ°ºî (Éüµ¢) ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦. -¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬ LF ¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­ CR + LF Æ°ºî (Éüµ¢, ²þ¹Ô) ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦. - - - if-simple ¤Î cat ¤ÎÉôʬ¤òÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤ï¤± - ¤Ç¤¹. ¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤Ï, ÆɼԤؤÎÎý½¬ÌäÂê¤È¤· - ¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬ XON/XOFF ¤Î¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È - ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¹àÌÜ ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬¥­¥ã¥ê¥¢¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ - ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¹àÌÜ ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤ò¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê - ¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¹àÌÜ - - /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÇÀßÄꤷ¤¿ - ÆâÍƤȰìÃפ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤â³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç, ¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥× - ¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë ( -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple:\ - :lf=/var/log/rattan.log - - ¼¡¤Ë, ¤â¤¦°ìÅÙ°õ»ú¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ, ȯÀ¸¤·¤¿¤È»× - ¤ï¤ì¤ë¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¸«¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥í¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (¾åµ­¤Î - Îã¤Ç¤Ï, /var/log/rattan.log) ¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤³ - ¤Ç¸«¤é¤ì¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¸µ¤Ë, ÌäÂê¤ò²ò·è¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¹àÌÜ /dev/console ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»È¤¦ - -

¤³¤ÎÀá¤Ç¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤ÇÀßÄꤷ¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»È¤¦ÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò³µÀ⤷¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ´ÉÍý¼ÔÍÑ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É ¡×¤Ëµ­ - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ä¤½¤Î¥­¥å¡¼¤ÎÀ©¸æ¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÍѤ¤ - ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - /etc/printcap ¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÁàºî¤ÎÂоݤȤʤë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ä¥­¥å¡¼ - ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òÁ÷¤ë, - ¼è¤ê¾Ã¤¹, Ä´ºº¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. °õ»ú¤¹¤ë -

- - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò°õ»ú¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -lpr - - ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê, ÆþÎϤµ¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ò¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - ¤«¤é°õ»ú¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç, -lpr /etc/host.conf /etc/hosts.equiv - - °õ»ú¤µ¤»¤ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹. - -lpr -P - - ¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - -ls -l | lpr -P rattan - - ¾åµ­¤Î ¡×¤ò¤´ - Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Î½èÍý¾õ¶·¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë - -

-lpq -P bamboo - - ¤Ï, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ -bamboo is ready and printing -Rank Owner Job Files Total Size -active kelly 9 /etc/host.conf, /etc/hosts.equiv 88 bytes -2nd kelly 10 (standard input) 1635 bytes -3rd mary 11 ... 78519 bytes - - ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥¸¥ç¥ÖÈÖ¹æ9¤Î¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ï2¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò½èÍý¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, - -waiting for bamboo to become ready (offline ?) - -kelly: 1st [job 009rose] - /etc/host.conf 73 bytes - /etc/hosts.equiv 15 bytes - -kelly: 2nd [job 010rose] - (standard input) 1635 bytes - -mary: 3rd [job 011rose] - /home/orchid/mary/research/venus/alpha-regio/mapping 78519 bytes - - - ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Îºï½ü - -

°õ»ú¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤¿¸å¤Ç°õ»ú¤òÃæÃǤ·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤È¤­¤Ï, - - - ÆÃÄê¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ø¤Î¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï, -lprm -P bamboo 10 - - - - - ¾åµ­¤Îάµ­Ë¡¤ò¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ÆÃÄê¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ËÂФ·¤Æ - ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤È¤­¤Ï, -lprm -P rattan - - - - -rose% lpr -P rattan myfile -rose% rlogin orchid -orchid% lpq -P rattan -Rank Owner Job Files Total Size -active seeyan 12 ... 49123 bytes -2nd kelly 13 myfile 12 bytes -orchid% lprm -P rattan 13 -rose: Permission denied -orchid% logout -rose% lprm -P rattan 13 -dfA013rose dequeued -cfA013rose dequeued -rose% - - - ¤½¤Î¾¤Î°õ»ú¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó - - -

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°Ê²¼¤Î -lpr -P bamboo -d fish-report.dvi - - ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï, ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤ÆŬÍѤµ - ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, 1¤Ä¤Î¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ë (Î㤨¤Ð) DVI ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È ditroff - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òº®ºß¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò - ·Á¼°Ëè¤ËÊÌ¡¹¤Î¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ëʬ¤±, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ç¤½¤Î·Á¼°ÍѤÎÊÑ´¹ - ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ°õ»ú¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¡×¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - - - - ¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, -zcat /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz | troff -t -man | lpr -t - - ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó - -

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ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï FreeBSD ¤Î´ðËÜ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤È¤ÏÊÌ - ¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ê¤Î¤Ç, ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï, ¿ - ʬ, /usr/local ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î²¼¤ËÃÖ¤¯¤Ù - ¤­¤Ç¤¹. ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï LPD ¤À¤±¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëÆÃÊÌ¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à, - ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, °ìÈ̥桼¥¶¤¬¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¹¤é¤Ê¤¤ - ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ê¤Î¤Ç, /usr/local/libexec ¥Ç¥£¥ì - ¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÃÖ¤¯¤Î¤¬ÉáÄ̤Ǥ¹. - - ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, - /etc/printcap ¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎŬÀڤʹàÌÜ¤Ë - ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤¬¤¢¤ë¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - DVI ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÎã¤ò°Ê²¼ - ¤ËºÆ·Ç¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - added df filter for bamboo -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - DVI ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï /usr/local/libexec/psdf ¤È¤¤¤¦ - ̾Á°¤Î¥·¥§¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë - ¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -#!bin/sh -# -# psdf - DVI to PostScript printer filter -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psdf -# -# Invoked by lpd when user runs lpr -d -# -exec /usr/local/bin/dvips -f | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@" - - ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ç¤Ï, ¡× - ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) ¤ò LPD ¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿°ú¿ô¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æµ¯Æ° - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Î¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÎã - -

ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤Ï·è¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤Î - ¤Ç, ¤½¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë, Îã¤ò¤â¤Ã¤Èµó¤²¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ò, - ¼«Ê¬¤Ç¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òºî¤ëºÝ¤Î¥¬¥¤¥É¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ŬÅö¤ÊÎ㤬 - ¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤é, ¤½¤ì¤ò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¼¡¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥ÈÎã¤Ï, Hewlett Packard LaserJet III-Si ¤Î - ¤¿¤á¤Î, raster (¤¨¤¨¤È¡¦¡¦¼Â¤Ï, GIF ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë) ÍѤÎÊÑ - ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ç¤¹. - -#!/bin/sh -# -# hpvf - Convert GIF files into HP/PCL, then print -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpvf - -PATH=/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH; export PATH - -giftopnm | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm | pbmtolj -resolution 300 \ - && exit 0 \ - || exit 2 - - ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, GIF ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤é PNM (portable anymap) ·Á¼° - ¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·, ¼¡¤Ë PGM (portable graymap) ·Á¼°¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ¤« - ¤é, LaserJet/PCL-¸ß´¹¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ËÊÑ´¹¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¾åµ­¤Î¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò»È¤¦¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÉÕ¤±²Ã¤¨ - ¤¿ /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid -# -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\ - :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf: - - - ¼¡¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï, PostScript ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ -#!/bin/sh -# -# pstf - Convert groff's troff data into PS, then print. -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/pstf -# -exec grops | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@" - - ¾åµ­¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ç¤Ï¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤È¤ÎÄÌ¿®¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤¿¤á, - -#!/bin/sh -# -# pstf - Convert groff's troff data into PS, then print. -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/pstf -# -exec grops - - ¤³¤ì¤Ç´°À®¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¼¡¤Ë, ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á - ¤Ë /etc/printcap ¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò - ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - :tf=/usr/local/libexec/pstf: - - - ¼¡¤ÎÎã¤ò¤ß¤¿¤é, FORTRAN ¤Î¥Ù¥Æ¥é¥ó¤ÏÀÖÌ̤¹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì - ¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤Î FORTRAN ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï, ¥×¥ì¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥­ - ¥¹¥È¤òľÀÜ°õ»ú¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÇÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î - ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ -#!/bin/sh -# -# hprf - FORTRAN text filter for LaserJet 3si: -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hprf -# - -printf "\033&k2G" && fpr && printf "\f" && exit 0 -exit 2 - - ¤½¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á, °Ê²¼¤Î¹Ô¤ò - /etc/printcap ¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - :rf=/usr/local/libexec/hprf: - - - ¤³¤ì¤¬ºÇ¸å¤Î, ¤½¤·¤Æ, ¼ã´³Ê£»¨¤ÊÎã¤Ç¤¹. Á°¤Ë¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿ - LaserJet ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ /etc/printcap ¤Ë½ñ - ¤­²Ã¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - - :df=/usr/local/libexec/hpdf: - - - ¤µ¤Æ, Æñ¤·¤¤Éôʬ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ÎºîÀ®¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤¿ - ¤á¤Ë, DVI ¤«¤é LaserJet/PCL ¤Ø¤ÎÊÑ´¹¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬É¬Í× - ¤Ç¤¹. FreeBSD ¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È½¸ (¡Ö¡×¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) ¤Ë¤Ï, ¤½¤ì¤¬¤¢ - ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. /dev/fd/0 ¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤ÏÌäÂ꤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ - ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ï, (/dev/fd/0 ¤Ë (¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤Ê) ¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄ¥¤ë - ¤³¤È¤Ç²óÈò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ç, /tmp ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï¥¹¥Æ¥£¥Ã - ¥­¡¼¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬Î©¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ - ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, ¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ÏÊ̤Υ桼¥¶¤Ë½êÍ­¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿ - ¤á, ºî¶È¤¬½ªÎ»¤·¤¿¤È¤­, ¤³¤Î¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­ - ¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¤½¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë, ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Ï¸½ºß¤Îºî¶È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È - ¥ê, ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê - (/etc/printcap ¤Î /tmp ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê - ¤è¤ê¤â¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - - °Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤¹¤Î¤¬ºÇ¸å¤Î¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ç¤¹. - -#!/bin/sh -# -# hpdf - Print DVI data on HP/PCL printer -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpdf - -PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH; export PATH - -# -# Define a function to clean up our temporary files. These exist -# in the current directory, which will be the spooling directory -# for the printer. -# -cleanup() { - rm -f hpdf$$.dvi -} - -# -# Define a function to handle fatal errors: print the given message -# and exit 2. Exiting with 2 tells LPD to do not try to reprint the -# job. -# -fatal() { - echo "$@" 1>&2 - cleanup - exit 2 -} - -# -# If user removes the job, LPD will send SIGINT, so trap SIGINT -# (and a few other signals) to clean up after ourselves. -# -trap cleanup 1 2 15 - -# -# Make sure we are not colliding with any existing files. -# -cleanup - -# -# Link the DVI input file to standard input (the file to print). -# -ln -s /dev/fd/0 hpdf$$.dvi || fatal "Cannot symlink /dev/fd/0" - -# -# Make LF = CR+LF -# -printf "\033&k2G" || fatal "Cannot initialize printer" - -# -# Convert and print. Return value from dvilj2p does not seem to be -# reliable, so we ignore it. - -# -dvilj2p -M1 -q -e- dfhp$$.dvi - -# -# Clean up and exit -# -cleanup -exit 0 - - - - ¼«Æ°ÊÑ´¹: ¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿ - - -

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LPD ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, ¤³¤³¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤Þ¤À¼è¤ê¾å¤²¤Æ¤¤¤Ê - ¤¤¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿·Á¼°, ½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ½ÐÎÏ - ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï, ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¥×¥ì¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È - ¤Î¤ß¤ò°õ»ú¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë°Õ¿Þ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, Èó¾ï¤Ë´Êñ²½ - ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òÍѤ¤¤º¤Ë, ½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿ - ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - LPD ¤Ï¥¸¥ç¥ÖÃæ¤Î³Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë°ìÅ٤ǤϤʤ¯, ¥¸¥ç¥Ö - Á´ÂΤËÂФ·¤Æ°ìÅÙ¤À¤±½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - LPD ¤Ï½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ËÂФ·, ¥¸¥ç¥ÖÃæ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÀè - Ƭ¤äËöÈø¤òÆÃÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÂкö¤ò°ìÀÚ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - LPD ¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó̾¤ä¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ËÅÏ - ¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ²Ý¶â¤Î½èÍý¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤¤ - ¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¼ÂºÝ, ½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ë¤Ï, °Ê²¼2¤Ä¤Î°ú¿ô¤·¤«Í¿¤¨ - ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - --w - - ¤³¤³¤Ç, - - ½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Î´ÊÊؤµ¤ËͶÏǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤â¤·, ¥¸¥ç - ¥ÖÃæ¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÊ̤Υڡ¼¥¸ÈÖ¹æ¤òÉղ䷤褦¤È - ¤·¤Æ¤â, ½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤µ¤é¤Ë, ½ÐÎÏ - ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï, ¼Â¤Î¤È¤³¤í, ¡× - ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) ¤À¤±¤ò°õ»ú¤µ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ½Ð - ÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òµ¯Æ°¤µ¤»¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤«¤é LPD ¤Ç¤Ï, ¥¢¥¦¥È¥×¥Ã - ¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ë2¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Îʸ»ú (ASCII 031 ¤Î¼¡¤Ë ASCII 001) - ¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, ½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤¬ ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿ - -

¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf ¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Î - ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥êÇÛÉÛ¤ËÉÕ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿ (ÆþÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë - ¥¿) ¤Ç, ½ÐÎϤò»ú²¼¤²¤·¤¿¤ê (/etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¤Î - ¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - - - - ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸ - -

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¡Ö¡× - ¤Ç¤Ï, /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î -#!/bin/sh -# -# hpof - Output filter for Hewlett Packard PCL-compatible printers -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/hpof - - -printf "\033&k2G" || exit 2 -exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf - - ¡× - ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¼¡¤Ë, °ÊÁ°¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Ø¥Ã - ¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î°õ»ú¤òµö²Ä¤·, ¾åµ­¤Î½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤·¤¿. - -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid -# -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/hpif:\ - :vf=/usr/local/libexec/hpvf:\ - :of=/usr/local/libexec/hpof: - - ¤µ¤Æ, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ ¡× - ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - /etc/printcap Ãæ¤Î - ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ë - -

¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î°õ»ú¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È, LPD ¤Ï -k ll ll -k l l -k l l -k k eeee l l y y -k k e e l l y y -k k eeeeee l l y y -kk k e l l y y -k k e e l l y yy -k k eeee lll lll yyy y - y - y y - yyyy - - - ll - t l i - t l - oooo u u ttttt l ii n nnn eeee -o o u u t l i nn n e e -o o u u t l i n n eeeeee -o o u u t l i n n e -o o u uu t t l i n n e e - oooo uuu u tt lll iii n n eeee - - - - - - - - - -r rrr oooo ssss eeee -rr r o o s s e e -r o o ss eeeeee -r o o ss e -r o o s s e e -r oooo ssss eeee - - - - - - - - Job: outline - Date: Sun Sep 17 11:04:58 1995 - - - LPD ¤Ï¤³¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Î½ª¤ï¤ê¤Ë FROM FEED ʸ»ú¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Þ¤¹ - ¤Î¤Ç, ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ï¿·¤·¤¤¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤«¤é³«»Ï¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹ (¤¿¤À¤·, - /etc/printcap ¤Ç½ÐÎÏÀè¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë - /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¤Ç -rose:kelly Job: outline Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995 - - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï, LPD ¤Ï¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òºÇ½é¤Ë°õ»ú¤·, ¼¡ - ¤Ë¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Î°õ»ú¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î½çÈÖ¤òµÕ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï, - /etc/printcap ¤Ç ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ËÂФ¹¤ë²Ý¶â - -

LPD ¤ËÈ÷¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸½ÐÎϵ¡Ç½¤ò»È¤¦¤È, ÆþÎϤµ¤ì - ¤¿¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤ËÂФ·¤Æ²Ý¶â¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤â, ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ï - LPD ¤Î¤ä¤êÊý¤ò¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì, ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ï̵ÎÁ¤È¤¹¤ë. - - LPDng ¤ä PLP ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿ LPD ¤ÎÂåÂØÉʤò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë - ¤¹¤ë. LPD ¤ÈÆþ¤ìÂؤ¨¤¬²Äǽ¤Ê¾¤Î¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§ - ¥¢¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï, ¡Ö¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - /etc/printcap ¤Ç - - PostScript ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ç¤Î¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸ - - -

¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, LPD ¤Ç¤Ï¥×¥ì¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Î¥Ø¥Ã - ¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¹ç¤¦¤è¤¦¤ËÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - »ÄÇ°¤Ê¤¬¤é, PostScript ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ï, ¥×¥ì¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤òľÀÜ - °õ»ú¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, LPD ¤Î¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸µ¡Ç½¤Ï - ¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯Ìò¤ËΩ¤¿¤Ê¤¤, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÇÌò¤ËΩ¤Á¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¼«ÌÀ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Î1¤Ä¤Ë, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£ - ¥ë¥¿¤È¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ë¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÀ¸À®¤µ¤»¤ëÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï, ŬÀڤʥإåÀ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤È¥Û¥¹ - ¥È̾¤Î°ú¿ô¤ò»È¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Î·çÅÀ¤Ï, ¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â, -#!/bin/sh -# -# make-ps-header - make a PostScript header page on stdout -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header -# - -# -# These are PostScript units (72 to the inch). Modify for A4 or -# whatever size paper you are using: -# -page_width=612 -page_height=792 -border=72 - -# -# Check arguments -# -if [ $# -ne 3 ]; then - echo "Usage: `basename $0` " 1>&2 - exit 1 -fi - -# -# Save these, mostly for readability in the PostScript, below. -# -user=$1 -host=$2 -job=$3 -date=`date` - -# -# Send the PostScript code to stdout. -# -exec cat < - ¤½¤·¤Æ, ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ä¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤¬¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì, ºÇ½é¤Ë¤³¤Î¥¹ - ¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤¬½ÐÎϤµ¤ì, ¤½¤ì¤«¤é, ¥æ¡¼ - ¥¶¤Î¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Î°õ»ú¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¼¡¤Ë, ¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Î»Ï¤á¤Î¤Û¤¦ - ¤Ç¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿ DVI ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ò, ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò°õ»ú¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÊÑ - ¹¹¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -#!/bin/sh -# -# psdf - DVI to PostScript printer filter -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/psdf -# -# Invoked by lpd when user runs lpr -d -# - -orig_args="$@" - -fail() { - echo "$@" 1>&2 - exit 2 -} - -while getopts "x:y:n:h:" option; do - case $option in - x|y) ;; # Ignore - n) login=$OPTARG ;; - h) host=$OPTARG ;; - *) echo "LPD started `basename $0` wrong." 1>&2 - exit 2 - ;; - esac -done - -[ "$login" ] || fail "No login name" -[ "$host" ] || fail "No host name" - -( /usr/local/libexec/make-ps-header $login $host "DVI File" - /usr/local/bin/dvips -f ) | eval /usr/local/libexec/lprps $orig_args - - ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤¬¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ä¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë°ú¿ô¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò¤É - ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë²òÀϤ·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³ - ¤Î²òÀÏÊýË¡¤Ï¾¤ÎÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤âƱÍͤǤ¹. ¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é, - ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, °ú¿ô¤ÎÀßÄ꤬¾¯¤·°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹ (¤³ - ¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¡Ö¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤). - - Á°½Ò¤ÎÄ̤ê, ¾åµ­¤Î¼êË¡¤Ï, ¶Ë¤á¤Æñ½ã¤Ê¤Î¤Ë¤â´Ø¤é¤º, ¡×¤Ç¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤ò»È¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤¹¤Ê - ¤ï¤Á, LPD ¤¬À¸À®¤¹¤ë¥Ø¥Ã¥À¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î²òÀϤò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤, PostScript - ÈǤΥإåÀ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò½ÐÎϤµ¤»¤ë½ÐÎÏ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òºî¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¾ì - ¹ç, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤«¤é¤Î½ÐÎÏ - -

FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯±Û¤·¤Î°õ»ú, ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤ò¥ê - ¥â¡¼¥È¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ËÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - ¤«¤é¤Î½ÐÎϤò¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, °ìÈ̤Ë, ¼¡¤Î2¤Ä¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ëÊý - Ë¡. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬¤¢¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï, ¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥¤ - ¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Î¾¤Î - ¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¤³¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë LPD ¤òÀß - Äꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¡Ö¡×¤Ç¤É¤Î¤è¤¦ - ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤òÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËľÀÜÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥» - ¥¹¤¹¤ëÊýË¡. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë, µìÍè¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï, ¥Ñ¥é¥ì - ¥ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤Æ (¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤é¤ËÂå¤ï¤Ã¤Æ) ¥Í¥Ã - ¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÍѤΥ¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç. ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥×¥ê¥ó - ¥¿¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - ¤½¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬ LPD ¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤òÍý²ò¤Ç¤­, ¥ê¥â¡¼ - ¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¤Î¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤ò¥­¥å¡¼¤ËÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤µ¤¨¤Ç¤­¤ë¾ì¹ç. - ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ï, LPD ¤¬µ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë°ìÈ̤Υۥ¹¥È - ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¿¶¤ëÉñ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á - ¤Ë, ¡Ö¡×¤ÈƱÍͤμê - ½ç¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¤½¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Ë¤è¤ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼ - ¥¯Àܳ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç. ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å - ¤Î1¤Ä¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤È¤·¤Æ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò¡ÖÀܳ¡×¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Û¥¹ - ¥È¤Ï, ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤ò¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¤¹¤ëÀÕǤ¤òÉ餤, ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥° - ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ï¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ËÁ÷¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - ¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÄó°Æ¤¬¡Ö¡×¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - -

LPD ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï LPD (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï LPD ¸ß´¹¤Î¥·¥¹ - ¥Æ¥à) ¤¬µ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ø¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤òÁ÷¤ëµ¡Ç½¤¬»Ï¤á¤«¤é¥µ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ë¤è¤ê, ¤¢¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - ¤Ø, ¾¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿, LPD ¥× - ¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤òÍý²ò¤¹¤ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë - ÂФ·¤Æ¤â, ¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ÏƯ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ø¤Î½ÐÎϤòµö²Ä¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ºÇ½é¤Ë, ¤¢¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È - (¤³¤ì¤ò, ¡×¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿´Êñ¤Ê¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ɬÍפʤé¤Ð, - ¡Ö¡×¤Ë¤¢ - ¤ë, ¹¹¤Ë¿Ê¤ó¤ÀÀßÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤·¤Æ, ¤½¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò¥Æ¥¹ - ¥È¤·¤Æ¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·, LPD ¤Ëµö²Ä¤·¤¿µ¡Ç½¤¬¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ¯ - ¤¯¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - LPD ¸ß´¹¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤ - ¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¼«¿È¤¬°Ê²¼¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤¹¤ë/etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¼¡¤Ë¤¢¤²¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È - ¥ê¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ̾Á°¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê. ¤É¤ó¤Ê̾Á°¤Ç¤â¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ´Êñ - ¤Î¤¿¤á, ¿ʬ, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÇÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿Ì¾¤äÊÌ - ̾¤ÈƱ¤¸¤â¤Î¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®¤·, - ¤³¤ì¤Ç½ª¤ï¤ê¤Ç¤¹. ÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ä¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤ä¤½¤Î¾¤Î»ö¹à¤ò - /etc/printcap ¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¼¡¤Ë, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ç°õ»ú¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀßÄêÎã - ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥Û¥¹¥È rose ¤Ë¤Ï2Âæ¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ /etc/printcap ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹ (¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï, ¡Ö¡×¤Ç»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹). ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï, - ´û¤Ë, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid - added (remote) printers on rose -# - -# -# teak is local; it is connected directly to orchid: -# -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\ - :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\ - :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp: - -# -# rattan is connected to rose; send jobs for rattan to rose: -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan: - -# -# bamboo is connected to rose as well: -# -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo: - - orchid ¤ÇɬÍפȤʤëºî¶È¤Ï¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤À - ¤±¤Ç¤¹. - - -mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo -chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo -chown daemon.daemon /var/spool/lpd/rattan /var/spool/lpd/bamboo - - - ¤³¤ì¤Ç, orchid ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ -lpr -P bamboo -d sushi-review.dvi - - ¤¹¤ë¤È, orchid ¤Î LPD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï, ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤ò¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì - ¥¯¥È¥ê /var/spool/lpd/bamboo ¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·, ¤³¤ì¤¬ DVI - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò°õ»ú¤¹¤ë¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤òµ­Ï¿¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥Û¥¹¥È rose ¤Î - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿ - ¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ä¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ - -

¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï, 2¼ïÎà¤Ëʬ - Îह¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. 1¤Ä¤Ï¥¹¥×¡¼¥é¤ò¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î (¹â²Á) - ¤Ç, ¤â¤¦1¤Ä¤Ï¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¤ä¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥Ç¡¼ - ¥¿¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤À¤±¤Î¤â¤Î (°Â²Á) ¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÀá¤Ç¤Ï, ¸å¼Ô¤Î»È - ¤¤Êý¤òÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. Á°¼Ô¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ï, Á°Àá¡Ö¡× - ¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬Å¬ÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹. - - /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Ï, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¤«¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¤Î¥¤¥ó - ¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤«, ¤½¤·¤Æ, (¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ - ¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç) ¤½¤Î¥Ü¡¼¥ì¡¼¥È¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤é¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«, ¥Õ¥í¡¼À©¸æ¤Ï»È¤¦¤Î¤«, - ¥¿¥Ö¤Î¤¿¤á¤ÎÃÙ±ä¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤Î¤«, ²þ¹Ôʸ»ú¤òÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¤«¤Ê¤É¤Î»ØÄê¤ò - ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, TCP/IP ¤ä¾¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Ý¡¼¥È¤« - ¤é¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î»ØÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­ - ¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÁ÷¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È - ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤ÈÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤«¤é¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ëÄÌ¿®¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò - ³«È¯¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. °Ê²¼¤Ë, ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÎÎã¤ò¼¨¤· - ¤Þ¤¹. ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È -#!/usr/bin/perl -# -# netprint - Text filter for printer attached to network -# Installed in /usr/local/libexec/netprint -# - -$#ARGV eq 1 || die "Usage: $0 "; - -$printer_host = $ARGV[0]; -$printer_port = $ARGV[1]; - -require 'sys/socket.ph'; - -($ignore, $ignore, $protocol) = getprotobyname('tcp'); -($ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $ignore, $address) - = gethostbyname($printer_host); - -$sockaddr = pack('S n a4 x8', &AF_INET, $printer_port, $address); - -socket(PRINTER, &PF_INET, &SOCK_STREAM, $protocol) - || die "Can't create TCP/IP stream socket: $!"; -connect(PRINTER, $sockaddr) || die "Can't contact $printer_host: $!"; -while () { print PRINTER; } -exit 0; - - ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï, ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤¬ÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ²¾¤Ë, - Diablo 750-N ¥é¥¤¥ó¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤³¤ì¤¬¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë - Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ï¥Ý¡¼¥ÈÈÖ¹æ5100¤Ë¤Æ°õ»ú¤¹ - ¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Ï scrivener ¤È¤·¤Þ - ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤È¤­, ¤³¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ - ¤¹. - -#!/bin/sh -# -# diablo-if-net - Text filter for Diablo printer `scrivener' listening -# on port 5100. Installed in /usr/local/libexec/diablo-if-net -# - -exec /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf "$@" | /usr/local/libexec/netprint scrivener 5100 - - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÍøÍѤËÀ©Ìó¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë - -

ËÜÀá¤Ç¤Ï, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÍøÍѤËÀ©Ìó¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¾ðÊó¤òµ­¤·¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. LPD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ (¥í¡¼¥«¥ë, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì - ¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤â) ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¿Í¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ëµ¡Ç½, Ê£¿ôÉô¤Î - ¥³¥Ô¡¼¤Î°õ»ú¤Î²ÄÈݤòÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ëµ¡Ç½, ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤ÎºÇÂçÃͤä¥×¥ê - ¥ó¥¿¥­¥å¡¼¤ËÆþ¤ë¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤ÎºÇÂç¸Ä¿ô¤òÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ëµ¡Ç½¤òÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - Ê£¿ôÉô¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤Î°õ»ú¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë - -

LPD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Ê£¿ôÉô¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤Î°õ»ú¤ò´Êñ¤Ë¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ - µ¡Ç½¤òÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬, (Î㤨¤Ð) /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë -lpr: multiple copies are not allowed - - - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤­¤ëÀßÄê¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç (¤³¤Î - ÀßÄê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¡Ö¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤), ¤½¤Î - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î /etc/printcap ¤Ë¤âƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤Ï, ¥Û¥¹¥È rose ¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - restrict multiple copies on bamboo -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - ¤µ¤é¤Ë, orchid ¤Î /etc/printcap ¤Ë¤â -# -# /etc/printcap for host orchid - no multiple copies for local -# printer teak or remote printer bamboo - -teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/teak:mx#0:sc:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/ifhp:\ - :vf=/usr/local/libexec/vfhp:\ - :of=/usr/local/libexec/ofhp: - -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :lp=:rm=rose:rp=rattan:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :lp=:rm=rose:rp=bamboo:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc: - - -lpr forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign forsale.sign - - ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê°­ÍѤòËɤ°ÊýË¡¤Ï (¤½¤Î»Ø¼¨¤ò̵»ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â´Þ¤á¤Æ) ¤¿¤¯ - ¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ³Æ¼«¤ÇÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¿Í¤ò¸ÂÄꤹ¤ë - -

¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¿Í¤ò¸ÂÄꤹ¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, UNIX ¤Î - ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¸¢¸Â¤Î¥á¥«¥Ë¥º¥à¤òÍøÍѤ·, ¤µ¤é¤Ë, - /etc/printcap ¤Ç -lpr: Not a member of the restricted group - - ¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤), ¤«¤Ä, ¤½ - ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¤â¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤǤ­¤ë¿Í¤ò¸ÂÄꤹ¤ë¤Î¤¬ÂÅÅö¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È»× - ¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î /etc/printcap ¤Ë¤â /etc/printcap ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose - restricted group for bamboo -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - ¤³¤ì°Ê³°¤Î /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (¥Û¥¹¥È orchid¤Î¤â¤Î) - ¤Ï¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, orchid ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï - Á´°÷ ÆþÎϲÄǽ¤Ê¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë - -

¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤«¤é¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤¬ÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¿ʬ, - ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬°õ»úÍ×µá¤ò½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤Ë¾å¸ÂÃͤòÃÖ - ¤¯É¬Íפ¬À¸¤¸¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ·ë¶É¤Î¤È¤³¤í, ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê - ¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¶õ¤­ÍÆÎ̤¬¤½¤Î¾å¸ÂÃͤˤʤëÌõ¤Ç - ¤¹¤¬, ¤¢¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¤³¤ì¤òÆÈÀêŪ¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤ÈÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¾¥æ¡¼ - ¥¶¤«¤é¤Î¥¸¥ç¥ÖÍѤζõ¤­ÍÆÎ̤ò³ÎÊݤ¹¤ëɬÍפ⤢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - LPD ¤Ç¤Ï, -# -# /etc/printcap for host rose -# - -# -# No limit on job size: -# -rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/rattan:\ - :lp=/dev/lpt0:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/if-simple: - -# -# Limit of five megabytes: -# -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤â¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤³¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë (¥Û¥¹¥È rose) ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶ - ¤Î¤ß¤ËŬÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤òÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦ - ¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¤³¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤ò¼õ - ¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤âÀ©¸Â¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È - ¤Î /etc/printcap ¤Î ¡×¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ø¤Î¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë - ÆÃÊ̤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï¾¤Ë¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¡Ö¡×¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¤Î¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÍøÍѤòÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë - - -

LPD ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤éÍ׵ᤵ¤ì - ¤¿¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Î°õ»ú¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - /etc/hosts.equiv ¤È - /etc/hosts.lpd ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - LPD ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤¢¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é°õ»ú¤ÎÍ׵᤬¤­¤¿¤È¤­, ¤³¤Î¥Û¥¹ - ¥È¤Î̾Á°¤¬¤³¤ì¤é2¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, LPD - ¤Ï¤³¤ÎÍ×µá¤òµñÈݤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î·Á¼°¤Ïñ½ã¤Ç¤¹. ³Æ¹Ô¤Ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î̾Á°¤ò - 1¤Ä¤º¤Ä½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë - /etc/hosts.equiv ¤ÎÊý¤Ï ruserok(3) ¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë - ¤Ç¤âÍøÍѤµ¤ì, /etc/hosts.equiv ¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ï¿µ½Å¤Ë¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - Îã¤È¤·¤Æ, °Ê²¼¤Ë¥Û¥¹¥È rose ¤Î /etc/hosts.lpd - ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -orchid -violet -madrigal.fishbaum.de - - ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, rose ¤Ï¥Û¥¹¥È orchid, violet, ¤½¤·¤Æ - madrigal.fishbaum.de ¤«¤é¤ÎÍ×µá¤ò¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬ rose ¤Î LPD ¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤è¤¦¤È - ¤·¤Æ¤â, LPD ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤òµñÈݤ·¤Þ¤¹ (ÌõÃí:µñÈݤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï, - ¤½¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬ /etc/hosts.equiv ¤Ë¤â´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤ - ¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤¹). - - - /etc/printcap ¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç - ¤¦. °Ê²¼¤Ë, -bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ - :sh:sd=/var/spool/lpd/bamboo:sc:rg=artists:mx#5000:\ - :lp=/dev/ttyd5:fs#0x82000e1:xs#0x820:rw:mx#5000:\ - :if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\ - :df=/usr/local/libexec/psdf: - - ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï -echo 6144 > /var/spool/lpd/bamboo/minfree - - - /etc/printcap ¤Î /usr/bin/false ¤Ê¤É¤ò»ØÄê - ¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ï¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿ÍѤΡַÁ¼°Åª - ¤Ê¡×¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÍøÍѤËÂФ¹¤ë²Ý¶â - -

¤È¤¤¤¦Ìõ¤Ç, °õ»ú¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤ÏÎÁ¶â¤ò¤È¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. ¼è¤é - ¤Ê¤¤Íýͳ¤Ê¤É¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¤«. »æ¤ä¥¤¥ó¥¯¤Ë¤Ï¤ª¶â¤¬¤«¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½ - ¤·¤Æ, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î°Ý»ýÈñ¤â¤«¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë¤Ï²ÄÆ°Éôʬ¤¬ÅëºÜ - ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ï²õ¤ì¤ä¤¹¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦·¹¸þ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥×¥ê - ¥ó¥¿¤ä, ¤½¤ÎÍøÍÑ·ÁÂÖ, °Ý»ýÈñ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÄ´ºº¤ò¤·, 1¥Ú¡¼¥¸ (1¥Õ¥£¡¼ - ¥È, 1¥á¡¼¥È¥ë¤Ê¤É) Åö¤¿¤ê¤Ë¤«¤«¤ë¥³¥¹¥È¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤³¤ì¤Ë´ð¤Å¤­, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÍøÍѤËÂФ¹¤ë²Ý¶â¤ò, ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë, ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë - »Ï¤á¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«. - - ¤µ¤Æ, »ÄÇ°¤Ê¤¬¤é, ¤³¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï LPD ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à - ¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤ÉÌò¤ËΩ¤Á¤Þ¤»¤ó. ²Ý¶â¤Ï»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Î¼ïÎà, °õ - »ú¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î·Á¼°, ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÍøÍѤËÂФ¹¤ë²Ý¶â¤Ç¤Î¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯ - ¤À¤µ¤¤. - - °ìÈ̤Ë, ²Ý¶âÊý¼°¤Ë¤Ï¼¡¤Î2¤Ä¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - - LPD ¥¹¥×¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, ξÊý¼°¤ò´Êñ¤Ë¤Ç¤¹¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, (¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç) °õ»úºî¶È¤ò¥Õ¥£ - ¥ë¥¿¤¬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, ²Ý¶âºî¶È¤â¤³¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤âÍÑ - °Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¼Â¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, ÌÀ¤ë¤¤Ì̤⤢¤ê¤Þ - ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤Ï, ²Ý¶âÊý¼°¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ, Èó¾ï¤ËÂ礭¤Ê½ÀÆðÀ­¤¬Í¿¤¨ - ¤é¤ì¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, ¡ÖÄê´üŪ¤Ë²Ý¶â¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¡× - ¤«, ¡ÖÍøÍÑËè¤Ë²Ý¶â¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¡×¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤òÁª¤Ó¤Þ¤º, ¤½¤· - ¤Æ, ¤É¤ó¤Ê¾ðÊó (¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾, ¥Û¥¹¥È̾, ¥¸¥ç¥Ö¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×, °õ - »ú¤µ¤ì¤¿ÊÇ¿ô, »ÈÍѤ·¤¿»æ¤ÎÂ礭¤µ, °õ»ú¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÍפ·¤¿ - »þ´Ö¤Ê¤É) ¤ò¥í¥°¤Ëµ­Ï¿¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò·è¤á¤Þ¤¹. °Ê¾å¤Î¤³¤È¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê - ¤¦¤Ë¤Ï, ¾åµ­¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÊÝ»ý¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤Ê - ¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - - ¼ê·Ú¤Ê¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿²Ý¶âÊýË¡ - -

FreeBSD ¤Ë¤Ï, ¡ÖÄê´üŪ¤Ë²Ý¶â¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¡×¤Ë¤è¤ë²Ý¶â¤ò¤¹¤°¤Ë - ÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë, 2¸Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òźÉÕ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½ - ¤ÎÆâ¤Î1¤Ä¤Ï¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿ ¡×¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤â¤¦1¤Ä¤Ï, ¡×¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, LPD ¤Ç¤Ï - ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤äÊÑ´¹¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤½¤Î¥³¥Þ - ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ç»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë²Ý¶â¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î̾Á°¤¬»ØÄê - ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ξ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤Ï¤³¤Î°ú¿ô¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, ¤É¤Î²Ý¶â¥Ç¡¼¥¿ - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤á¤Ð¤è¤¤¤Î¤«¤òÃΤ뤳¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­ - ¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î̾Á°¤Ï /etc/printcap Ãæ¤Î - - 2.00 rose:andy - 3.00 rose:kelly - 3.00 orchid:mary - 5.00 orchid:mary - 2.00 orchid:zhang - - ²Ý¶â¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿Ëè¤Ëʬ¤±¤Æºî¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. ¤³ - ¤ì¤Ï, /etc/printcap Ãæ¤Î - Login pages/feet runs price -orchid:kelly 5.00 1 $ 0.10 -orchid:mary 31.00 3 $ 0.62 -orchid:zhang 9.00 1 $ 0.18 -rose:andy 2.00 1 $ 0.04 -rose:kelly 177.00 104 $ 3.54 -rose:mary 87.00 32 $ 1.74 -rose:root 26.00 12 $ 0.52 - -total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 - - - /etc/printcap ¤Î - /etc/printcap ¤Î - - - Login pages/feet runs price -andy 2.00 1 $ 0.04 -kelly 182.00 105 $ 3.64 -mary 118.00 35 $ 2.36 -root 26.00 12 $ 0.52 -zhang 9.00 1 $ 0.18 - -total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 - - ²Ý¶â³Û¤ò·è¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, /etc/printcap ¥Õ¥¡ - ¥¤¥ë¤Î -pac -p1.50 - - ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤È, ¼ÂºÝ¤Î²Ý¶â³Û¤ò½¸·×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ºÇ¸å¤Ë, °õ»ú¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ú¡¼¥¸¿ô¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¿ô¤¨¤ë¤«? - - -

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FreeBSD ¤Ï¼«Í³¤ËÍøÍѤǤ­ Intel i386/i486/Pentium/PentiumPro - (¤È¤½¤Î¸ß´¹ CPU) ¤Î PC¤ÇÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë, 4.4BSD-Lite ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎÁ´¥½¡¼ - ¥¹¤Ä¤­¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¤â¤È¤â¤È¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢Âç³Ø¥Ð¡¼¥¯ - ¥ì¥¤¹» CSRG¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê, - NetBSD, 386BSD, ¤½¤·¤Æ Free Software Foundation ¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§ - ¥¢¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤è¤ê³ÈÄ¥¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - 95ǯ1·î¤Î FreeBSD 2.0 ¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤«¤é¤ß¤ë¤È, FreeBSD ¤ÏÀ­Ç½, µ¡Ç½, - °ÂÄêÀ­¤ÎÌ̤ǷàŪ¤Ë²þÁ±¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤â¤Ã¤È¤âÂ礭¤ÊÊѲ½¤Ï VM ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë - ¤ª¤±¤ë²þÎɤÇ, Åý¹ç²½¤µ¤ì¤¿ VM/file ¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤òÍѤ¤¤ë - ¤³¤È¤ÇÀ­Ç½¤ò¸þ¾å¤µ¤»¤Ê¤¬¤é¤â FreeBSD ¤Î¥á¥â¥ê¤Î»ÈÍÑÎ̤ò¸º¤é¤¹¤³¤È¤¬ - ¤Ç¤­¤¿¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤ª¤«¤²¤Ç, ºÇÄã 5MB ¥á¥â¥ê¤È¤¤¤¦À©Ìó¾å¤Ç¤âÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë - ¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤½¤Î¾¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï NIS ¤Î¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤È¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î - ´°Á´¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È, ¥È¥é¥ó¥¶¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó TCP ¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È, ¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¥ª¥ó¥Ç¥Þ¥ó¥É - PPP, ²þÎÉ SCSI ¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à, ISDN ¤Î½é´ü¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È, - FDDI ¤ä Fast Ethernet (100Mbps) ¤Ê¤É¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È, - Adaptec 2940 (WIDE ¤È narrow) ¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î²þÎɤȿôÉ´·ï¤Î¥Ð¥°¤Î½¤Àµ, - ¤Ê¤É¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤«¤é¤Î¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤äÄó°Æ¤ò¤Þ¤¸¤á¤Ë¼õ¤±¼è¤ê, - »ä¤¿¤Á¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤¤È¹Í¤¨, ¤«¤ÄƳÆþ¤Î¼ê½ç¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ê¤ä¤¹¤¤¤â¤Î¤òÄ󶡤·¤è¤¦¤È - ÅØÎϤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î (·Ñ³Ū¤Ë¿Ê²½¤¹¤ë) ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î°Õ¸«¤ò - ¿´¤«¤é¤ªÂÔ¤Á¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï´ðËÜÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ë²Ã¤¨, °Ü¿¢¤µ¤ì¤¿¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢½¸ - ¤È¤·¤Æ ¿ôÉ´¤Î¿Íµ¤¤Î¹â¤¤¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. 96ǯ12·î - ½é½Ü¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç 700 °Ê¾å¤Î ports (°Ü¿¢¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢) ¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ports ¤Ë¤Ï http (WWW) ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤«¤é, ¥²¡¼¥à, ¸À¸ì, - ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Þ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¤È¤¢¤é¤æ¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ports¤Ï¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë - ¥½¡¼¥¹¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¡Öº¹Ê¬¡×¤È¤¤¤¦·Á¤Çɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î ports¤ò - ½¸¤á¤Æ¤â 10MBÄøÅ٤ˤ·¤«¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤¦¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç ports ¤Î¹¹¿·¤ò - Íưפˤ·, ports¤ËɬÍפʥǥ£¥¹¥¯¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ò¾®¤µ¤¯¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ports¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î - ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë°ÜÆ°¤·, ``make all'' ¤È¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¬À® - ¸ù¤·¤¿¤é, ``make install'' ¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, ¤¢¤È¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ - ¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤É¤Î ports¤â¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤ÎÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤òưŪ¤Ë - CDROM ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¶á¤¯¤Î FTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤«¤é¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ï - ¹½ÃÛ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë ports¤Îʬ¤À¤±¤ò½àÈ÷¤·¤Æ¤ª¤±¤Ð½½Ê¬¤Ç¤¹. - ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î ports¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤µ¤ì¤¿¾õÂÖ¤Ç ``package'' - ¤È¤·¤ÆÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤«¤é¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¾ì - ¹ç, ¤³¤ì¤ò»È¤¦¤È (pkg_add ¤È¤¤¤¦¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç) ´Êñ¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼ - ¥ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - FreeBSD 2.1 °Ê¹ß¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, /usr/share/doc - ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Î¼ê½ç¤ä FreeBSD ¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¾å¤ÇÍ­ÍÑ¤Ê - ¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤¬¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ï, HTML ¥Ö¥é¥¦¥¶¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, °Ê²¼¤Î URL ¤«¤é - »²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - FreeBSD ¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯ (±Ñʸ¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë) - - - FreeBSD ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë FAQ - - - - ¤Þ¤¿, ¤Ë¤Ï¥Þ¥¹¥¿ - (¤«¤Ê¤êÉÑÈˤ˹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹) ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤Á¤é¤â»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¹ç½°¹ñ¤ÎÍ¢½Ðµ¬À©¤Î¤¿¤á, FreeBSD ¤Î¥³¥¢ÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤Ï DES ¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï - ´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¹ç½°¹ñ¹ñÆâ¤Ë¸Â¤ê, DES ¤ò»È¤¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ê¤É¤¬, - ¥³¥¢ÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤È¤·¤ÆÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ï¤Ç¤â»È¤¨¤ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ï, ÊÌÅÓ, ¹ç½°¹ñ¹ñ³°¤ÇÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¹ç½°¹ñ¹ñ³°¤«¤é¤â¼«Í³¤Ë¼èÆÀ²Äǽ¤Ê DES ¤ÎÇÛÉÛ¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë - ¾ÜºÙ¤Ï, ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - FreeBSD ¾å¤ÇɬÍפȤµ¤ì¤ë¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ê, Sun ¤ä - DEC ¤Ê¤É¤ÎÊ̤Υۥ¹¥È¤«¤é°Å¹æ²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬ - ¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, FreeBSD ¤Î MD5 ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ç½½Ê¬¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤Îɸ½à¤Î¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ï DES ¤è¤ê¤âŬ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï»×¤Ã¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤·, ¤Þ¤¿, ¤ä¤Ã¤«¤¤¤ÊÍ¢½Ðµ¬À©¤Ë¤â¤Ò¤Ã¤«¤«¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¹ç½°¹ñ¹ñ³°¤Ë¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é (¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¹ñÆâ¤Ë¤¤¤Æ¤â) °ìÅٻ¤Æ¤ß¤Æ - ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤! - -Since our first release of FreeBSD 1.0 nearly two - years ago, FreeBSD has changed dramatically. Since - release 2.0, FreeBSD has been based on the Berkeley - 4.4BSD-Lite code rather than the Net2 code used for - previous versions. In addition to clearing the legal - issues that surrounded the Net2 code, the port to 4.4 - has also brought in numerous new features, filesystems - and enhanced driver support. - - Since our release of FreeBSD 2.0 in November of 1994, - the performance, feature set, and stability of FreeBSD - has improved dramatically. The largest change is a - revamped Virtual Memory (VM) system with a merged - virtual memory and file buffer cache. This increases - performance while reducing FreeBSD's memory footprint, - making a system with 4 megabytes of RAM a more - acceptable minimum. Other enhancements include full - NIS client and server support, transaction TCP support, - dial on demand PPP, an improved SCSI subsystem, early - support for ISDN, support for FDDI and 100Mbit Fast - Ethernet adapters, improved support for the Adaptec - 2940 and hundreds of bug fixes. - - We have also taken the comments and suggestions of many - of our users to heart and have attempted to provide - what we hope is a more sane and easily understood - installation process. Your feedback on this constantly - evolving process is especially welcome! - - In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a - new ported software collection with some 270 commonly - sought-after programs. The list of ports ranges from - World Wide Web (http) servers, to games, languages, - editors and almost everything in between. The entire - ports collection requires only 10MB of storage because - each port contains only the changes required for the - source code to compile on FreeBSD and the information - necessary to automatically retrieve the original - sources. The original distribution for each port you - build is automatically retrieved off of CD-ROM or a via - anonymous ftp, so you need only enough disk space to - build the ports you want. Each port is also provided - as a pre-compiled package which can be installed with - the pkg_add(1) command for those who do not - wish to compile their own ports from source. See for a more - complete description. - - - - The core of FreeBSD does not contain DES code which - would inhibit its being exported outside the United - States. An add-on package, for use only in the United - States, contains the programs that normally use DES. - The auxiliary packages provided separately can be used - by anyone. A freely exportable European distribution - of DES for our non-U.S. users also exists and is - described in the . If password security for FreeBSD is all you - need, and you have no requirement for copying encrypted - passwords from other hosts using DES into FreeBSD - password entries, then FreeBSD's MD5 based security may - be all you require. We feel that our default security - model is more than a match for DES, and without any - messy export issues to deal with. - - FreeBSD 2.0.5 represents the culmination of 2 years of - work and many thousands of man hours put in by an - international development team. We hope you enjoy it! - - New feature highlights - -

The following features were added or substantially - improved between the release of 2.0 and this 2.0.5 - release. In order to facilitate better - communication, the person, or persons, responsible - for each enhancement is noted. Any questions - regarding the new functionality should be directed to - them first. - - Kernel - -

- - - Merged VM-File Buffer Cache A merged - VM/buffer cache design greatly enhances overall - system performance and makes it possible to do - a number of more optimal memory allocation - strategies that were not possible before. - - Owner: &a.davidg; and &a.dyson; - - Network PCB hash optimization For - systems with a great number of active TCP - connections (WEB and ftp servers, for example), - this greatly speeds up the lookup time required - to match an incoming packet up to its - associated connection. - - Owner: &a.davidg; - - Name cache optimization The name-cache - would cache all files of the same name to the - same bucket, which would put for instance all - ".." entries in the same bucket. We added the - parent directory version to frustrate the hash, - and improved the management of the cache in - various other ways while we were at it. - - Owner: &a.phk; and &a.davidg; - - Less restrictive swap-spaces The need - to compile the names of the swap devices into - the kernel has been removed. Now - swapon(8) will accept any block - devices, up to the maximum number of swap - devices configured in the kernel. - - Owner: &a.phk; and &a.davidg; - - Hard Wired SCSI Devices Prior to - 2.0.5, FreeBSD performed dynamic assignment of - unit numbers to SCSI devices as they were - probed, allowing a SCSI device failure to - possibly change unit number assignment. This - could cause filesystems other disks in the - system to be incorrectly mounted, or not - mounted at all. Hard wiring allows static - allocation of unit numbers (and hence device - names) to scsi devices based on SCSI ID and - bus. SCSI configuration occurs in the kernel - config file. Samples of the configuration - syntax can be found in the scsi(4) man - page or the LINT kernel config file. - - Owner: &a.dufault; - - Sources involved: sys/scsi/* - usr.sbin/config/* - - Slice Support FreeBSD now supports a - slice abstraction which enhances - FreeBSD's ability to share disks with other - operating systems. This support will allow - FreeBSD to inhabit DOS extended partitions. - - Owner: &a.bde; - - Sources involved: sys/disklabel.h - sys/diskslice.h sys/dkbad.h - kern/subr_diskslice.c kern/subr_dkbad.c - i386/isa/diskslice_machdep.c i386/isa/wd.c - scsi/sd.c dev/vn/vn.c - - Support for Ontrack Disk Manager Version 6.0 - Support has been added for disks - which use Ontrack Disk Manager. The fdisk - program does not know about it - however, so make all changes using the install - program on the boot.flp or the Ontrack Disk - Manager tool under MS-DOS. - - Owner: &a.phk; - - Bad144 is back and working Bad144 - works again, though the semantics are slightly - different than before in that the bad-spots are - kept relative to the slice rather than absolute - on the disk. - - Owner: &a.bde; and &a.phk; - - - - New device support - - SCSI and CDROM devices - -

- - Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative) CD-ROM driver - The Matsushita/Panasonic CR-562 and - CR-563 drives are now supported when connected to - a Sound Blaster or 100% compatible host adapter. - Up to four host adapters are supported for a - total of 16 CD-ROM drives. The audio functions - are supported with the Karoke variable speed - playback. - - Owner: &a.uhclem; - - Sources involved: isa/matcd - - Adaptec 2742/2842/2940 SCSI driver The - original 274x/284x driver has evolved - considerably since the 2.0 release of FreeBSD. - We now offer full support for the 2940 series as - well as the Wide models of these cards. The - arbitration bug that caused problems with fast - devices has been corrected and - experimental tagged queuing support has - been added (kernel option - AHC_TAGENABLE). John Aycock has also - released the sequencer code under a Berkeley - style copyright making the driver entirely clean - of the GPL. - - Owner: &a.gibbs; - - Sources involved: isa/aic7770.c pci/aic7870.c - i386/scsi/* sys/dev/aic7xxx/* - - NCR5380/NCR53400 SCSI (ProAudio Spectrum) driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Serge Vakulenko (vak@cronyx.ru) - - Sources involved: isa/ncr5380.c - - Sony CDROM driver Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Mikael Hybsch (micke@dynas.se) - - Sources involved: isa/scd.c - - - - Serial devices - -

- - SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board Driver - Owner: &a.ache; - - Sources involved: isa/rc.c isa/rcreg.h - - Cyclades Cyclom-y Serial Board Driver - Owner: &a.bde; - - Submitted by: Andrew Werple - (andrew@werple.apana.org.au) and Heikki Suonsivu - (hsu@cs.hut.fi) - - Obtained from: NetBSD - - Sources involved: isa/cy.c - - Cronyx/Sigma sync/async serial driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Serge Vakulenko - - Sources involved: isa/cronyx.c - - - - Networking - -

- - Diskless booting Diskless booting in 2.0.5 - is much improved over previous releases. The boot - program is in src/sys/i386/boot/netboot, - and can be run from an MS-DOS system or burned into - an EPROM. WD, SMC, 3COM and Novell ethernet cards - are currently supported. Local swapping is also - supported. - - DEC DC21140 Fast Ethernet driver This - driver supports any of the numerous NICs using the - DC21140 chipset including the 100Mb DEC DE-500-XA - and SMC 9332. - - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Matt Thomas (thomas@lkg.dec.com) - - Sources involved: pci/if_de.c pci/dc21040.h - - - DEC FDDI (DEFPA/DEFEA) driver Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Matt Thomas (thomas@lkg.dec.com) - - Sources involved: pci/if_pdq.c pci/pdq.c - pci/pdq_os.h pci/pdqreg.h - - - 3Com 3c505 (Etherlink/+) NIC driver Owner: - &a.core; - - Submitted by: Dean Huxley (dean@fsa.ca) - - Obtained from: NetBSD - - Sources involved: isa/if_eg.c - - - Fujitsu MB86960A family of NICs driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: M.S. (seki@sysrap.cs.fujitsu.co.jp) - - Sources involved: isa/if_fe.c - - - Intel EtherExpress driver Owner: Rodney - W. Grimes (rgrimes@FreeBSD.org) - - Sources involved: isa/if_ix.c isa/if_ixreg.h - - - 3Com 3c589 driver Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: "HOSOKAWA Tatsumi" - (hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp), Seiji Murata - (seiji@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp) and Noriyuki Takahashi - (hor@aecl.ntt.jp) - - Sources involved: isa/if_zp.c - - - IBM Credit Card Adapter driver Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: "HOSOKAWA Tatsumi" - (hosokawa@mt.cs.keio.ac.jp), - - Sources involved: isa/pcic.c isa/pcic.h - - - EDSS1 and 1TR6 ISDN interface driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Dietmar Friede - (dfriede@drnhh.neuhaus.de) and Juergen Krause - (jkr@saarlink.de) - - Sources involved: gnu/isdn/* - - - - Miscellaneous drivers - -

- - Joystick driver Owner: &a.jmz; - - Sources involved: isa/joy.c - - National Instruments ``LabPC'' driver Owner: - &a.dufault; - - Sources involved: isa/labpc.c - - WD7000 driver Owner: Olof Johansson - (offe@ludd.luth.se) - - Pcvt Console driver Owner: &a.joerg; - - Submitted by: &a.hm; - - Sources involved: isa/pcvt/* - - BSD-audio emulator for VAT driver Owner: - Amancio Hasty (ahasty@FreeBSD.org) and - &a.pst; - - Sources involved: isa/sound/vat_audio.c - isa/sound/vat_audioio.h - - National Instruments AT-GPIB and AT-GPIB/TNT GPIB driver - Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Fred Cawthorne - (fcawth@delphi.umd.edu) - - Sources involved: isa/gpib.c isa/gpib.h - isa/gpibreg.h - - Genius GS-4500 hand scanner driver Owner: - &a.core; - - Submitted by: Gunther Schadow - (gusw@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de) - - Sources involved: isa/gsc.c isa/gscreg.h - - CORTEX-I Frame Grabber Owner: &a.core; - - Submitted by: Paul S. LaFollette, Jr. ( - - Sources involved: isa/ctx.c isa/ctxreg.h - - - Video Spigot video capture card Owner: Jim - Lowe - - - - Experimental features - -

- - UNIONFS and LFS The unionfs and LFS file - systems are known to be severely broken in FreeBSD - 2.0.5. This is in part due to old bugs that we - have not had time to resolve yet and the need to - update these file systems to deal with the new VM - system. We hope to address these issues in a later - release of FreeBSD. - - iBCS2 Support FreeBSD now supports running - iBCS2 compatible binaries. Currently SCO UNIX 3.2.2 - and 3.2.4, and ISC 2.2 COFF are supported. The iBCS2 - emulator is in its early stages and has not been - extensively tested, but it is functional. Most of - SCO's 3.2.2 binaries work, as does an old - INFORMIX-2.10 for SCO. Further testing is necessary - to complete this project. There is also work under - way for ELF and XOUT loaders, and most of the svr4 - syscall wrappers are written. - - Owner: &a.sos; and &a.sef; - - Sources involved: sys/i386/ibcs2/* and misc - kernel changes. - - - -]]> diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/routing.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/routing.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 10c1246..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/routing.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,269 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤È¥ë¡¼¥È - -

¸¶ºî: &a.gryphon;.6 October 1995. -

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¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤«¤é¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¥³¥Í¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄ¥¤ë - ɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç, ´ûÃΤΥѥ¹¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥ë - ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã - ¥¯¤·¤Þ¤¹. Åþ㤹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ÎÆâÉô¤Ë¥ê¥â - ¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç (Cloned routes), ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ - ¤«¤éÀܳ¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¥Ñ¥¹¤¬¤¹¤Ù¤ÆÂÌÌܤÀ¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ï - ºÇ¸å¤ÎÀڤ껥¤Î ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ï - ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¥ë¡¼¥È (ÉáÄ̤ϥ·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë 1¤Ä¤·¤«¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó) - ¤ÎÆÃÊ̤ʤâ¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤·¤Æ, ¥Õ¥é¥°¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ïɬ¤º ``c'' - ¤¬¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Ï, LAN Æâ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤È¤Ã - ¤Æ, ³°Éô (PPP¤Î¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ò·Ðͳ¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ä, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥é¥¤¥ó¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ë¥Ï¡¼ - ¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ê¤É) ¤ØľÀÜÀܳ¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - - ³°Éô¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤È¤·¤Æµ¡Ç½¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È - ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ï - ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À(ISP)¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§ - ¥¤¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¤½¤ì¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È¤Î°ìÎã¤ò¸«¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¹½À®¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -[Local2] <--ether--> [Local1] <--PPP--> [ISP-Serv] <--ether--> [T1-GW] - - - ¥Û¥¹¥ÈLocal1¤È¥Û¥¹¥ÈLocal2¤òPPP¤ÇISP¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥µ¡¼ - ¥Ð¤ÈÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤À¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ISP¤Ï¥µ¥¤¥ÈÆâ¤Ë¥í¡¼ - ¥«¥ë¤Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ¤½¤³¤Ë¤Ï¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¤¢¤Ê - ¤¿¤ÎÀܳ¤¹¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤äISP¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤ÎÀܳÅÀ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥Ï¡¼¥É - ¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹(T1-GW)¤Ê¤É¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -host default gateway interface ----- --------------- --------- -Local2 Local1 ethernet -Local1 T1-GW PPP - - - ¡Ö¤Ê¤¼ (¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¡¢¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æ) Local1 ¤Î - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤òISP¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç¤Ê¤¯ - T1-GW¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¼ÁÌ䤬¤è¤¯¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥³¥Í¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, PPP¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ï - ISP¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á, - ISP¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ø¤Î·ÐÏ©¤Ï - ¼«Æ°Åª¤ËÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ï, ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËT1-GW - ¤Þ¤ÇÆϤ¯¤«¤È¤¤¤¦·ÐÏ©¤ò´û¤ËÃΤäƤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¤é, - ISP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÇÞ²ðŪ¤Ê¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤ò¤«¤±¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ºÇ¸å¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, °ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ç¤Ï ``...1' - ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é (Ʊ¤¸Îã¤òÍѤ¤¤Þ¤¹), ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Îclass-C¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö¤¬ - 10.20.30¤Ç ISP¤¬10.9.9¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -Local2 (10.20.30.2) --> Local1 (10.20.30.1) -Local1 (10.20.30.1, 10.9.9.30) --> T1-GW (10.9.9.1) - - - ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Û¡¼¥à¥Û¥¹¥È - -

¤³¤³¤Ç°·¤¦¤Ù¤­Â¾¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤ÎÀßÄ꤬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤Ï2¤Ä¤Î°Û¤Ê¤ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼ - ¥¯¤Ë¤Þ¤¿¤¬¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç¤¹. µ»½ÑŪ¤Ë¤Ï¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤È¤·¤Æµ¡Ç½¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó (¾å - ¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï PPP¥³¥Í¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹) ¤Ï¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Û¡¼¥à¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ç - ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¤³¤Î¸ÀÍÕ¤Ï, 2¤Ä¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥¨¥ê¥¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Î¥µ - ¥¤¥È¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ò»Ø¤¹¸ÀÍդȤ·¤Æ¤Î¤ß»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - 2Ëç¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬, Ê̤Υµ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È - ¾å¤Ë¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï, ¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥«¡¼¥É¤ò1Ëç»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç, - ifconfig¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ʪÍýŪ¤Ëʬ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë2¤Ä¤Î¥¤¡¼¥µ¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ - ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¤ÐÁ°¼Ô¤¬ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¸å¼Ô¤Ï, ʪÍýŪ¤Ë¤Ï1¤Ä¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï - ¡¼¥¯¥»¥°¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç, ÏÀÍýŪ¤Ë¤Ïʬ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë 2¤Ä¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤È¤¹¤ë - ¾ì¹ç¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤É¤Á¤é¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤â, ¤³¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬¤ª¸ß¤¤¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤ - (inbound route) ¤È¤·¤ÆÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¤ª¤Î¤ª - ¤Î¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ç¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬ - 2 ¤Ä¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î´Ö¤Î¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥¸¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¹½À®¤Ï, ¥Ñ¥± - ¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥ê¥ó¥°¤ò¼ÂÁõ¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ä, °ìÊý¸þ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÁÐ - Êý¸þ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥¢¥¦¥©¡¼¥ë¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤è - ¤¯ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤ÎÅÁÇÅ - -

¤¹¤Ç¤Ë³°Éô¤È¤Î·ÐÏ©¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÄêµÁ¤·¤¿¤é¤è¤¤¤«¤ÏÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿. - ¤·¤«¤·³°Éô¤«¤é»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¸« - ¤Ä¤±¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏÀâÌÀ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¤¢¤ëÆÃÄê¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö (¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï class-C ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È) ¤Ë¤ª - ¤±¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤¬, ÅþÃ夷¤¿¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤òÆâÉô¤ÇžÁ÷¤¹¤ë¥Í - ¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤ÎÆÃÄê¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÁ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë - ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ïʬ¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã - ¥È¤Ø¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤¬¤¹¤Ù¤Æ PPP¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ¥µ¥¤¥È¤ËÁ÷ - ¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Ï¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤òÀßÄꤷ - ¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, ¹ñ¶­¤Î¸þ¤³¤¦Â¦¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ï¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î - ISP¤ØÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤òÃΤë¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? - - ³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¶õ´Ö¤Î·ÐÏ©¤ò°Ý»ý¤¹¤ë (ʬ»¶¤· - ¤Æ¤¤¤ë DNS ¾ðÊó¤È¤è¤¯»÷¤¿) ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¤½¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È - ¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¡¼¥ó¤Ø¤ÎÀܳÅÀ¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¡Ö¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¡¼¥ó¡× - ¤È¤Ï¹ñ¤ò±Û¤¨, À¤³¦Ãæ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤ò±¿¤Ö¼çÍ× - ¤Ê¿®ÍѤǤ­¤ë´´Àþ¤Î¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤É¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¡¼¥ó¥Þ¥·¥ó¤â, ¤¢¤ë¥Í¥Ã¥È - ¥ï¡¼¥¯¤«¤éÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¡¼¥ó¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ø¸þ¤«¤¦¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤È, - ¤½¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¡¼¥ó¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÆϤ¯¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹ - ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥Á¥§¡¼¥ó¤Î¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ - ¤¹. - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤¬Àܳ(¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤«¤é¤ß¤ÆÆ⦤ˤ¢¤ë - ¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹) ¤·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò, ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤«¤é¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¡¼ - ¥ó¥µ¥¤¥È¤ØÄÌÃΤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Î»Å»ö¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤¬·Ð - Ï©¤ÎÅÁȤǤ¹. - - - - ¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥° - -

¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤ÎÅÁȤËÌäÂ꤬À¸¤¸¤Æ, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤¬ - Àܳ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤¬¤É¤³¤Ç¤ª¤«¤·¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤òÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë - ºÇ¤âÍ­¸ú¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯traceroute(8)¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤·¤ç - ¤¦. ¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÀܳ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ - ¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤(Î㤨¤Ðping(8)¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç) - ¾ì¹ç¤â, Ʊ¤¸¤è¤¦¤ËÍ­¸ú¤Ç¤¹. - - traceroute(8)¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï, Àܳ¤ò»î¤ß¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È - ¤ò°ú¿ô¤Ë¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹. »î¤ß¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ñ¥¹¤Î·Ðͳ¤¹¤ë - ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¥Û¥¹¥È¤òɽ¼¨¤·, ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ë¤ÏÌÜŪ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë - ¤¿¤É¤êÃ夯¤«, ¥³¥Í¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î·çÇ¡¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ª¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤«¤Î¤É¤Á¤é - ¤«¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤Ï, tracroute¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/russian.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/russian.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 1ebbad5..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/russian.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ - - - - -¥í¥·¥¢¸ì (KOI8-R encoding) -

Contributed by &a.ache; -1 May 1997. -

Ìõ: &a.motoyuki;.12 May 1997. -

KOI8-R encoding ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¤µ¤é¤Ë¾Ü¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤Ï, - ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥× -

- -/etc/rc.conf ¤Ç¤Î¥í¥·¥¢¸ì¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¡¼¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -keymap=ru.koi8-r -keychange="61 ^[[K" -scrnmap=koi8-r2cp866 -font8x16=cp866b-8x16 -font8x14=cp866-8x14 -font8x8=cp866-8x8 - -

-Ãí°Õ: ^[ ¤Ï -/etc/rc.conf, -¤Ë ^[ ¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ËÜÅö¤Î ESC ¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¡¼¤òÆþ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹. -

-¤³¤ì¤Ï, KOI8-R ¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ç, KOI8-R encoding ¤ÎÂåÂØ¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È¤ò -µ¿»÷¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ, ³¥¿§¤Î¥Ç¥ê¡¼¥È ¥­¡¼¤ò termcap ¤Î -FreeBSD ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Î¥í¥·¥¢¸ì¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¡¼¤Ë°ìÃפ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËºÆÇÛÃÖ¤¹¤ë, ¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. -

-RUS/LAT ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤Ï CapsLock ¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¸µ¤Î CapsLock ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï -Shift+CapsLock ¤Ç»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹. CapsLock ¤Î LED ¤Ï CapsLock ¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ RUS ¥â¡¼¥É¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -/etc/ttys ¤ÎÃæ¤Î ttyv? ¤Î³Æ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î -¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò cons25 ¤«¤é cons25r -¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤¹, ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê³Æ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹ - -ttyv0 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25r on secure - - - -Locale ¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥× -

-°ìÈÖÎɤ¤ÊýË¡¤Ï passwd(5) ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î login class ¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ç -/etc/login.conf ¤Î russian ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î login class -¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. -¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï login.conf(5) ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -Login Class ¤ÎÀßÄêÊýË¡ -

-¤Þ¤ººÇ½é¤Ë /etc/login.conf ¤Ë russian login class ¤¬¤¢¤ë -¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤, ¤³¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - -russian:Russian Users Accounts:\ - :charset=KOI8-R:\ - :lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:\ - :tc=default: - - -vipw(8) ¤Ç¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¹¤ë¤Î¤« -

-¿·¤·¤¤¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÄɲ乤ë¤Î¤Ë vipw(8) ¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, -/etc/master.passwd -¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - -user:password:1111:11:russian:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/csh - - -adduser(8) ¤Ç¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¹¤ë¤Î¤« -

-adduser(8) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¿·¤·¤¤¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÄɲ乤ë¤Ë¤Ï: - - - -defaultclass = russian - -¤ò /etc/adduser.conf ¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë. -(¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, Á´¤Æ¤ÎÈó¥í¥·¥¢¸ì¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë default class ¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Ê¤± -¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó); - - -¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï adduser(8) ¤Î - -Enter login class: default []: - -¤È¤¤¤¦É½¼¨¤Ë russian ¤ÈÅú¤¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹; - -¤Þ¤¿, ¥í¥·¥¢¸ì¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÄɲ乤ëºÝ¤Ë: - -# adduser -class russian - -¤È¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -pw(8) ¤Ç¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¹¤ë¤Î¤« -

-pw(8) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¿·¤·¤¤¥æ¡¼¥¶¤òÄɲ乤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹: - -# pw useradd user_name -L russian - - -¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤ÎÀßÄêÊýË¡ -

-²¿¤é¤«¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ç - -¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î - -¤ò¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹: - -/etc/profile: - -LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG -MM_CHARSET=KOI8-R; export MM_CHARSET - - -/etc/csh.login: - -setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R -setenv MM_CHARSET KOI8-R - - -

-¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤é¤ò°Ê²¼¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - -/usr/share/skel/dot.profile: -

-(¾å¤Î /etc/profile ¤ÈƱÍͤˤ·¤Þ¤¹); - -/usr/share/skel/dot.login: -

-(¾å¤Î /etc/csh.login ¤ÈƱÍͤˤ·¤Þ¤¹). - - -X Window System ¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥× -

-°Ê²¼¤Î½ç½ø¤ÇÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹: - -¤Þ¤ººÇ½é¤Ë - ¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ë¹Ô¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -

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-/etc/XF86Config ¤Î "Files" ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë°Ê²¼¤Î¹Ô¤¬ -¾¤Î¤É¤ó¤Ê FontPath ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤è¤ê¤âÁ°¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/misc" - FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/75dpi" - FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi" - -

-¹â²òÁüÅ٤Υӥǥª¥â¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, 75 dpi ¤È -100 dpi ¤Î¹Ô¤òÆþ¤ìÂؤ¨¤Þ¤¹. - -¥í¥·¥¢¸ì¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï - - XkbKeymap "xfree86(ru)" - -¤ò /etc/XF86Config ¤Î "Keyboard" ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹, -¤Þ¤¿ XkbDisable ¤¬Ìµ¸ú¤Ë (¥³¥á¥ó¥È¥¢¥¦¥È) ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¤³¤³¤Ç -³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹. -

-RUS/LAT ¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤Ï CapsLock¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¸µ¤Î CapsLock ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï -Shift+CapsLock ¤Ç»È¤¨¤Þ¤¹ (LAT ¥â¡¼¥ÉÆâ¤Ç¤Î¤ß). -

-Ãí°Õ: -¥í¥·¥¢¸ì XKB ¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ï XFree86 ¤Î¸Å¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤ÏÆ°¤«¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó, -¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/scsi.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/scsi.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 8fc555b..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/scsi.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,958 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - SCSI¤È¤Ï? - - -

¸¶ºî:&a.wilko;. July 6, 1996. - -

Ìõ: &a.yoshiaki;. - 4 November 1996. - - SCSI ¤Ï Small Computer Systems Interface (¾®µ¬ÌÏ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¥· - ¥¹¥Æ¥à¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹) ¤ÎƬʸ»ú¤ò¤È¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤ÏANSIɸ½à¤Ç¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¶È³¦¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤ÏºÇ¤â¤è¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤ëI/O - ¥Ð¥¹¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. SCSI¤Ï¥·¥å¥¬¡¼¥È¼Ò (¥ß¥Ë¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¥Ç¥£ - ¥¹¥¯¤òÀ¤³¦¤ÇºÇ½é¤ËÈÎÇ䤷¤Þ¤·¤¿) ¤Î³«È¯¤·¤¿ SASI (Shugart - Associates Standard Interface) ¥Ð¥¹¤¬¸µ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æµ¬³Ê²½¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - ¤½¤Î¸å¤Î¶È³¦¤ÎÅØÎϤˤè¤ê,°Û¤Ê¤ë¥Ù¥ó¥À¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬º®ºß¤·¤Æ»È¤¨ - ¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤è¤ê¸·Ì©¤Êµ¬³Ê¤Ø¤Èµ¬³Ê²½¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿.¤³¤Î·ë²Ì¤¬ ANSI¤Î - SCSI-1µ¬³Ê¤È¤·¤Æǧ²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. SCSI-1¤Î»ÅÍÍ¤Ï (1985ǯ¤´¤í - ¤Ëµ¬³Ê²½¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿ ÌõÃí: SCSI-1¤ÎºÇ½ª°Æ·èÄê¤Ï1985ǯ, ANSI¤Îɸ½à - µ¬³Ê¤È¤·¤Æ¤Îǧ²Ä¤Ï1986ǯ¤Ç¤¹) ¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï»þÂåÃÙ¤ì¤Ç¤¹. - ¸½ºß¤Îɸ½à¤Ï SCSI-2 (¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) ¤Ç, SCSI-3¤Ø°Ü¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ʪÍýŪ¤ÊÁê¸ßÀܳ¤Îµ¬³Ê¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤Æ, SCSI¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ËÉԲķç¤Ê - ÏÀÍýŪ¤Êµ¬³Ê (¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥»¥Ã¥È) ¤âÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Îµ¬³Ê¤Ïɸ½à¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥»¥Ã¥È (CCS : Common Command Set) ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì, - ANSI¤ÎSCSI-1¤È¤Û¤ÜƱ»þ´ü¤ËÀ©Äꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. SCSI-2¤Ë¤Ï (²þÄꤵ¤ì¤¿) - CCS¤¬µ¬³Ê¤Î°ìÉô¤È¤·¤ÆÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¼ï - Îà¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð¥¹¥­¥ã¥Ê¤Ç¤Ï Write¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï°ÕÌ£¤¬ - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Ï¿¤¯¤Î¼ïÎब¤¢¤ë¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤¹. ºÇ¤â¸Å¤¯, ºÇ¤âÍøÍÑ - ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬ 8 bit Éý, ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨¥ó¥É (ÉÔÊ¿¹Õ) ¿®¹æ, 50Àþ¤Î¿®¹æÀþ - ¤Î¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤¹. (¤â¤·¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨¥ó¥É¤Î°ÕÌ£¤¬Ê¬¤«¤é¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤âµ¤¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³ - ¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤½¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹.) ¤è - ¤ê¿·¤·¤¤Àß·×¤Ç¤Ï 16 bitÉý¤ÇÊ¿¹Õ¿®¹æ¤Î¥Ð¥¹¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, - žÁ÷®ÅÙ¤Ï 20Mbytes/second ¤Þ¤Ç,¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ÎŤµ¤Ï 25m¤Þ¤Ç²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - SCSI-2¤Ç¤ÏÄɲäΥ±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ºÇÂç32 bit¤Î¥Ð¥¹Éý¤Þ¤Ç¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì - ¤Þ¤¹. - Á᤯¤â Ultra SCSI (Fast-20¤È¤â¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹) ¤È Ultra2 (Fast-40¤È¤â - ¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹) ¤¬¸½¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. Fast-20¤Ï1ÉÃ´Ö¤Ë 2000Ëü²ó¤ÎžÁ÷ (8bit - ¥Ð¥¹¤Ç20Mbyte/sec), Fast-40¤Ï1ÉÃ´Ö¤Ë 4000Ëü²ó¤ÎžÁ÷ (8bit¥Ð¥¹¤Ç - 40Mbytes/sec) ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ÌõÃí: ¤³¤³¤Ç¤ÏÅŵ¤Åª¤ÊÍѸì¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÏÊ¿¹Õ,ÉÔÊ¿¹Õ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ,¥Ð - ¥¹¤Î̾¾Î¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨¥ó¥É,¥Ç¥£¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥·¥ã¥ë¤È¤·¤Þ - ¤·¤¿. - - ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Ë¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¿®¹æ¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, ¿¤¯¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¿® - ¹æÀþ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Ê£¿ô¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¥Ð¥¹¤ò¸úΨ¤è¤¯¶¦Í­¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÊ£ - »¨¤Ê¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤âµ¬³Ê¤Î°ìÉô¤Ç¤¹. SCSI-2¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ï¾ï¤ËÆÈΩ¤·¤¿ - ¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£¿®¹æ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. SCSI-2°ÊÁ°¤Ç¤Ï¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ï - ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. - - SCSI-3¤Ç¤Ï¤µ¤é¤Ë¹â®¤Ê¥Ð¥¹¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬Æ³Æþ¤µ¤ì, ¤½¤ì¤È¶¦¤Ë¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë - ¤ÎÀþ¿ô¤ò¸º¤é¤·, ¤è¤êºÇÂç¥Ð¥¹Ä¹¤ò¿­¤Ð¤·¤¿¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëSCSI¤¬Æ³Æþ¤µ¤ì¤Þ - ¤¹. SSA¤ä Fiberchannel¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Ì¾Á°¤òʹ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«? - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ð¥¹¤Ï¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï¤Þ¤À¤¤¤º¤ì¤ÎÊý¼°¤âÉáµÚ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó (Æä˰ìÈÌŪ¤Ê - FreeBSD´Ä¶­¤Ç¤Ï) . ¤³¤Î¤¿¤á¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ð¥¹¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï - ¤³¤ì°Ê¾å¤Ï¿¨¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - º£¤Þ¤Ç¤Îµ­½Ò¤«¤éÁÛÁü¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¥¸¥§¥ó¥È - ¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï SCSI¤Îµ¬³Ê (¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Ï2¥¤¥ó¥Á°Ê¾å¤Î¸ü¤µ¤¬¤¢¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹) ¤ÈÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤Î¤¿¤áÎ㤨¤Ð¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ - ¤Ç¤ÏÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ò¤µ¤¹¤Î¤Ë ¥Ø¥Ã¥É/¥·¥ê¥ó¥À/¥»¥¯¥¿ ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·è - ¤á¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯Ã±¤ËɬÍפʥ֥í¥Ã¥¯ÈÖ¹æ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - ¹ªÌ¯¤Ê¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥åÆ°ºî¤ä,ÉÔÀµ¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Ï¼«Æ°ÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Ê¤É - ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ï¤³¤Î ¡Ö¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¥¸¥§¥ó¥È¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¡×¤Î¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ²Ä - ǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤ÏǤ°Õ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÁȤÇÄÌ¿®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - (ÌõÃí: Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¥¤¥Ë¥·¥¨¡¼¥¿¤Ë¤Ê¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤¹.) - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬¤½¤ì¤òµö¤¹¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Ï ¤Þ¤¿Ê̤ÎÌäÂê¤Ç¤¹¤¬, µ¬³Ê¤Ç¤Ï - ¶Ø»ß¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¿®¹æ¤Î¾×ÆͤòËɤ°¤¿¤á¤Ë2¤Ä - ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¥Ð¥¹¤ò»È¤¦Á°¤ËÄ´Ää (arbitrate) ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - SCSI¤Î¹Í¤¨Êý¤È¤·¤Æ¸Å¤¤µ¬³Ê¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È¿·¤·¤¤µ¬³Ê¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬Æ± - ¤¸¥Ð¥¹¤Î¾å¤ÇÆ°¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ëµ¬³Ê¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ¸Å¤¤ SCSI-1¤Î - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï SCSI-2¥Ð¥¹¤Î¾å¤Ç¤âÉáÄ̤ÏÆ°¤­¤Þ¤¹. ÉáÄ̤Ï, ¤È¤³¤È¤ï¤Ã¤¿Íý - ͳ¤Ï, ¤¢¤ë¸Å¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤âÌäÂê¤Ê¤¤Äø¤Ë (¸Å¤¤) µ¬³Ê¤Ë - ÂФ·¤Æ½½Ê¬±è¤Ã¤¿¼ÂÁõ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ÏÀäÂÐŪ¤ËÊݾڤϤǤ­¤Ê - ¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ºÇ¶á¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÏÉáÄ̤Ϥè¤ê¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½ - ¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ïµ¬³Ê²½¤Ï¤è¤ê¸·Ì©¤Ë¤Ê¤ê,¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÀ½Â¤¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤è¤ê»Ù»ý - ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤ÆÍè¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - - °ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¸À¤Ã¤Æ, ñ°ì¤Î¥Ð¥¹¾å¤ÇÆ°¤«¤¹¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï SCSI-2¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¤è - ¤ê¿·¤·¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤¯²ÄǽÀ­¤Ï¹â¤¤¤È¸À¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï¿·¤·¤¤ 2GB¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤¿¤È¤·¤¿¤é¸Å¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¼Î - ¤Æ¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. »ä¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ - ¥à¤Ç¤Ï SCSI-1°ÊÁ°¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯, SCSI-2¤Î QIC¥Æ¡¼¥×¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È,SCSI-1 - ¤Î¥Ø¥ê¥«¥ë¥¹¥­¥ã¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥×¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È (ÌõÃí: VTR¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê²óž¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤ò - »ý¤Ã¤¿¥Æ¡¼¥×ÁõÃ֤Τ³¤È¤Ç¤¹. DAT¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤â¤½¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ç¤¹) , - 2Âæ¤Î SCSI-1 ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤¬°ì½ï¤ËÌäÂê¤Ê¤¯Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤À¤·¸úΨ - ¤ÎÅÀ¤«¤é¸Å¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È¿·¤·¤¤ (= ®¤¤) ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òʬ¤±¤¿¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì - ¤Þ¤»¤ó. (ÌõÃí: ¸Å¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤Ï disconnect¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê - ¤¤¤¿¤á¤Ë°ìÏ¢¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¼Â¹ÔÃæ¤Ë SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤òÀêÍ­¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ - ¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹.) - - SCSI¤Î¹½À®Í×ÁÇ -

- ¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¥¸¥§¥ó¥È ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ -

(ÌõÃí:¸¶Ê¸¤Ç¤Ï smart interface ¤Ç¤¹) - - Àè¤Ë½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¥¸¥§¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¹. - ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢ºÙÉô¤Ë¤«¤é¤àÃμ±¤Ï SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¼«¿È¤Ë - »ý¤¿¤»¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤ª¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦¹Í¤¨Êý¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¹Í - ¤¨Êý¤Ç¤Ï SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¤½¤ì¼«¿È¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤òÃÎ¤Ã¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¥Û¥¹¥È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Î¥Ø¥Ã - ¥É¤ò»ý¤Á, ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Î¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤ò»ý¤Ä¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦ - ¤Ê¤³¤È¤òÃΤëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ÃΤꤿ¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, µ¬³Ê¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É - ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¼ÁÌ䤹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç - ¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¥¸¥§¥ó¥È¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÍøÅÀ¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤¹. ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ - ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¤è¤ê°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­, ¿·¤·¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òƳÆþ¤¹ - ¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤âÊѹ¹¤ÎɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - Àܳ¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤Ù¤­¤³¤È, ¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È -

- ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ÎÀܳ¤Ë¤ÏŴ§¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤è¤¤ÉôÉʤò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¥Ð - ¥¹¤Î®ÅÙ¤ò¾å¤²¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­, ¿¤¯¤ÎºÒÆñ¤òËɤ°¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, ¶â¥á¥Ã¥­¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿, ¥·¡¼¥ë¥É¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë, ¸ÇÄê´ï¶ñÉÕ¤­ - ¤Î´è¾æ¤Ê¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¥«¥Ð¡¼¤Ê¤É¤òÁª¤Ö¤Î¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. 2¤ÄÌܤΠ- Ŵ§¤Ï, ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤òɬÍװʾå¤ËŤ¯¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - »ä¤Ï°ÊÁ°¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¤Î ¸¶°ø¤òõ¤¹¤Î¤Ë - 3Æü´ÖǺ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤ò 1mû - ¤¯¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÌäÂê¤ò²ò·è¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, ¸µ¤Î¥Ð¥¹ - ¤ÎŤµ¤Ç¤âSCSI¤Î»ÅÍͤϤ­¤Á¤ó¤ÈËþ¤¿¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬. - - SCSI ¥Ð¥¹¤Î¥¿¥¤¥× -

- Åŵ¤Åª¤Ë¸ß´¹À­¤Î¤Ê¤¤ 2¼ïÎà¤Î¥Ð¥¹¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨ - ¥ó¥É¤È¥Ç¥£¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥·¥ã¥ë¤Î¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï SCSI - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ÏƱ°ì¤Î¥Ð¥¹¾å¤Ëº®ºß¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤Ê - ¤¤2¤Ä¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë¤ËÂ礭¤¯Ê¬¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤·¤«¤·,ÆÃÊ̤ʥϡ¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨¥ó¥É¥Ð¥¹¤ò¥Ç¥£¥Õ¥¡ - ¥ì¥ó¥·¥ã¥ë¥Ð¥¹¤Ë (¤½¤ÎµÕ¤â) ÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ð - ¥¹¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï¼¡¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - SCSI´ØÏ¢¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥Ð¥¹¤ò°ì¼ï¤ÎÍѸì¤È¤· - ¤Æά¸ì¤Çɽ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ò¼¡¤Îɽ¤Ë¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - FWD: Fast Wide Differential (¹â® ¥ï¥¤¥É Ê¿¹Õ) - FND: Fast Narrow Differential (¹â® ¥Ê¥í¡¼ Ê¿¹Õ) - SE: Single Ended (ÉÔÊ¿¹Õ) - FN: Fast Narrow (¹â® ¥Ê¥í¡¼) - etc. - - - ¾¯¤·ÁÛÁüÎϤòƯ¤«¤»¤ì¤Ð¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤Ï¤ï¤«¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¥ï¥¤¥É (Wide) ¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤é¤«Û£Ëæ¤Ç, 16 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 32 bit¤Î¥Ð¥¹¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ - ¤¹. »ä¤ÎÃΤë¸Â¤ê¤Ç¤Ï, 32 bit ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ï (¤Þ¤À) »È¤ï - ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç Wide ¤ÏÄ̾ï 16 bit¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¹â® (Fast) ¤Ï¥Ð¥¹¤Î¥¿¥¤¥ß¥ó¥°¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤ÎÅÀ¤Ç°Û¤Ê¤ê, ¥Ê¥í¡¼ - (8 bit) ¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤Ï Äã® (slow) SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Î 5 Mbytes/sec ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ 10 - Mbytes/sec ¤ÎǽÎϤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Á°¤Ë¤â½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, 20Mbytes/sec ¤ä - 40Mbytes/sec ¤Î¥Ð¥¹Â®ÅÙ¤ò»ý¤Ä¤â¤Î¤â¸½¤ì¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹ - (Fast-20 == Ultra SCSI ¤Ç Fast-40 == Ultra2 SCSI ¤Ç¤¹). - - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿Àþ¤Î¾å°Ì (> 8) ¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎžÁ÷¤È¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î»ØÄê¤À¤±¤Ë - ÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤ò»ØŦ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÎÁ÷½Ð¤È¥¹ - ¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸Åù¤Ï²¼°Ì¦¤Î 8 bit¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿Àþ¤Î¤ß¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Îµ¬³Ê¤Ë¤è¤ê¥Ê¥í¡¼¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¥ï¥¤¥É¥Ð¥¹¾å¤Ç¤âÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë»ö¤¬¤Ç - ¤­¤Þ¤¹. ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¥Ð¥¹¤ÎÉý¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹´Ö¤ÇÄ´Ää (¥Í¥´¥·¥¨¡¼¥·¥ç - ¥ó) ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î ID¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¥ï¥¤¥É¤È¥Ê¥í¡¼¤¬º®ºß¤¹¤ë - »þ¤Ë¤Ïµ¤¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨¥ó¥É¥Ð¥¹ (ÉÔÊ¿¹Õ¥Ð¥¹) -

- ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨¥ó¥É SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Ï 5V¤È 0V¤ÎÅÅ°µ (¼ÂºÝ¤ÏTTL¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¤¹) - ¤ò¿®¹æ¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¤,¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï¶¦Ä̤Υ°¥é¥¦¥ó¥É (GND) ¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ò´ð½à - ¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨¥ó¥É SCSI 8 bit¥Ð¥¹¤ÏÌó25ËܤΥ°¥é¥¦¥ó¥ÉÀþ - ¤ò»ý¤Á, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¡ÖľÀþ¾õ¡×¤ËÀܳ¤·¤Þ - ¤¹. ´ð½à¤Ç¤Ï¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥¨¥ó¥É¥Ð¥¹¤ÏºÇÂç¤ÎŤµ¤Ï 6m¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì - ¤Ï Fast-SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤ÏºÇÂ獵¤Ï 3m¤Ëû¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - Fast-SCSI¤Ç¤Ï 5Mbytes/sec ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯ 10Mbytes/sec ¤ÎžÁ÷®ÅÙ - ¤¬²Äǽ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - Fast-20 (Ultra SCSI) ¤È Fast-40¤Ç¤Ï¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì1Éô֤Ë2000Ëü (20M) - ¤Ê¤¤¤·¤Ï 4000Ëü (40M) ²ó¤ÎžÁ÷¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, Fast-20¤Ç¤Ï - 8bit¥Ð¥¹¤Ç 20Mbytes/sec, 16bit¥Ð¥¹¤Ç 40Mbytes/sec¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ - ¤¹. Fast-20¤Ç¤Ï¥Ð¥¹¤ÎºÇÂç¤ÎŤµ¤Ï 1.5m, Fast-40¤Ç¤Ï 0.75m¤Ë - ¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Fast-20¤Ï¸Â³¦¤òÁêÅö¤Ë¹­¤²¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ê¤Î¤Ç SCSI¥Ð¥¹ - ¤Ë»¨²»¤¬Â¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤½¤Î±Æ¶Á¤ò¨ºÂ¤Ë¼õ¤±¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Ð¥¹¾å¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¡Ö¹â®¤Î¡×žÁ÷¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï - Fast¥Ð¥¹¤ÎŤµ¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ºÇ¶á¤Î Fast-SCSI ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¥Ð¥¹¤ÎŤµ¤¬¼ÂºÝ¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ê¤ê - ¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¤Î¤¬ÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤¬¥Ç¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥·¥ã¥ë - SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤¬SCSI-2¤Îµ¬³Ê¤ËƳÆþ¤µ¤ì¤¿Íýͳ¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Î¥Ô¥óÇÛÃ֤䥳¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Î¼ïÎà¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï SCSI-2¤Îµ¬³Ê - (¤ò - ) ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿Åù¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¾ÜºÙ¤Ê¥ê - ¥¹¥È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - Èóɸ½à¤Î¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ëµ¤¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. Î㤨¤Ð - Apple (¤Î Macintosh ¤Ï) 25pin ¤Î D-type ¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿ (¥·¥ê¥¢ - ¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ä¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿ -- ÌõÃí: - ÆüËܤǤϰìÈÌŪ¤Ë D-sub 25pin¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹) ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¸ø¼°¤ÊSCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤Ï50 pin ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë»ö¤«¤é¤³¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Ç - ¤Ï ¡ÖÆÈÁÏŪ¤Ê¥Ô¥óÇÛÃ֡פ¬É¬Íפʻö¤¬ÁÛÁü¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤³ - ¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥°¥é¥¦¥ó¥ÉÀþ¤Î¿ô¤ò¸º¤é¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï¤è¤¤¹Í¤¨ - ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. SCSI¤Îµ¬³ÊÄ̤ê¤Î 50 pin¤ÎÀܳ¤ÎÊý¤¬Ë¾¤Þ¤· - ¤¤¤Ç¤¹. Fast-20 ¤ä 40 ¤Ç¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»È¤ª¤¦¤Ê¤ó¤Æ - ¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥Ç¥£¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥·¥ã¥ë (Ê¿¹Õ) ¥Ð¥¹ -

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- SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤ÏľÀþ¾õ¤Ç¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, YÀܳ, ¥¹¥¿¡¼Àܳ, ¥¯¥â¤ÎÁã - ¾õ¤ÎÀܳ¤Ê¤É¤ÎľÀþ°Ê³°¤ÎÀܳ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - Àè¤ËµÄÏÀ¤·¤¿¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Í¡¼¥¿¤ÎÌäÂê¤ÏľÀþ¾õ°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤Ï¤è¤êº¤ - Æñ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - Åŵ¤ÅªÆÃÀ­¤Ï¤½¤Î¥Î¥¤¥º¥Þ¡¼¥¸¥ó¤äÁ´ÂΤο®ÍêÀ­¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ,ľÀþ - ¾õ¤Î¥Ð¥¹¤Î¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ë¶¯¤¯°Í¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ľÀþ¾õ¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¥ë¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤! - - FreeBSD ¤Ç SCSI¤ò»È¤¦ -

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- ¤Þ¤º»Ï¤á¤ëÁ°¤Ë, Åŵ¤Åª¤ËÌäÂê¤Î¤Ê¤¤¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«Ä´¤Ù¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯ - ¤À¤µ¤¤. - - SCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤òPC¤Ç¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ë, PC BIOS¤Ë - ´Ø¤¹¤ëµ¤¤Þ¤°¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÃΤäƤª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. PC BIOS¤Ï ¥Ï¡¼ - ¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ø¤ÎÄã¥ì¥Ù¥ëʪÍý¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â - ¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, BIOS¤Ë (¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤äBIOS¥Ó¥ë - ¥È¥¤¥ó ¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ) ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ÎʪÍý¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤ò¶µ¤¨¤Æ¤ä - ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤Î¿ô, ¥·¥ê¥ó¥À¤Î¿ô, ¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤¢ - ¤¿¤ê¤Î¥»¥¯¥¿¤Ê¤É¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¥×¥ê¥³¥ó¥Ú¥ó¥»¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ä½ñ¤­¹þ¤ßÅÅή¤ò - ¸º¾¯¤µ¤»¤ë¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯, ¤Ê¤É¤Î¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤è¤¯ÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - SCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤³¤È¤ò¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ïµ¤¤Ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤Ê¤¤¤Ï¤º - ¤À¤È¹Í¤¨¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤·¤«¤·, ÉԻ׵Ĥʤ³¤È¤Ë (¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¹à - ÌܤÎ) ¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ï¤¤¤Þ¤À¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à BIOS¤Ï¥Ö¡¼¥È - »þ¤ËFreeBSD¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òÆɤ߹þ¤à¤¿¤á¤ËSCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ë - /¥Ø¥Ã¥É/¥·¥ê¥ó¥À/¥»¥¯¥¿ ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ëÊýË¡¤Ç¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á, - ¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤òÃΤëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - - AT/EISA/PCI¥Ð¥¹¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤¢¤ê,¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤ë SCSI ¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢ - ¥À¥×¥¿¤ä SCSI ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ï ¤½¤ì¼«¿È¤Î¥ª¥ó¥Ü¡¼¥ÉBIOS¤ò»ý¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Îµ¯Æ°»þ¤Ë, SCSI BIOS¤Ï ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àBIOS¤Î¥Ï¡¼ - ¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤ò¾è¤Ã¼è¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥·¥¹¥Æ - ¥à BIOS¤ò¤´¤Þ¤«¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ç¤ÏÉáÄÌ¤Ï - `No hard disk' ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ´Êñ¤Ç¤¹¤Í? - - SCSI BIOS ¤Ï¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ëµ¡ - ǽ¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ÏPC¤¬¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ëºî¤é¤ì¤¿¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¥Æ¡¼ - ¥Ö¥ë¤ò¤´¤Þ¤«¤¹¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¿¤¯¤Ï (¤¹¤Ù¤Æ - ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó) ¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤¢¤¿¤ê64¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï32¸Ä¤Î¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤ò - »ý¤Ä²¾ÁÛŪ¤Ê¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥·¥ê¥ó¥À¤Î¿ô¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç - SCSI BIOS ¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤ËŬ¹ç¤µ¤»¤Þ¤¹. Áí¥»¥¯¥¿¿ô - ¤ò 32 * 64 / 2 ¤Ç³ä¤Ã¤¿·ë²Ì¤¬¥á¥¬¥Ð¥¤¥Èñ°Ì¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º - ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. 2¤Ç³ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï, Ä̾ï 512¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤Î¥»¥¯ - ¥¿¤ò kByte ñ°Ì¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ì¤Ç¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤¯¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«. ¤¤¤¤¤¨, ¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦Ìõ¤Ç - ¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Ö¡¼¥È²Äǽ¤Ê¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¥·¥ê¥ó¥À¿ô¤Ï 1024¤è - ¤ê¿¤¯¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ - ¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î 1GB°Ê¾å¤ÎÎΰè¤Ï¸«¤¨¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ÎÍÆÎÌ - ¤¬¤É¤ó¤É¤óÁý²Ã¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¯¤Ë¤Ä¤ì¤³¤ì¤ÏÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - ¹¬¤¤¤Ë¤·¤Æ, ñ½ã¤Ê²ò·èÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ñ¤ËÊ̤Υȥé¥ó¥¹¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¤è¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹. Î㤨¤Ð, 32¸Ä¤ËÂå¤ï¤ê,128¸Ä¤Î¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ - ¤¹. ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¸Å¤¤SCSI¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤ò¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤¹ - ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î SCSI BIOS ¤¬ÍÑ°Õ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¿·¤·¤¤¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ç¤Ï¥¸¥ã¥ó¥Ñ - ¤ä¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¥½¥Õ¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ SCSI BIOS¤Î»È¤¦¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤¬ÁªÂò¤Ç¤­¤ëʪ¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤³¤ÇÈó¾ï¤Ë½ÅÍפʤ³¤È¤Ï, ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¾å¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼ - ¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ Ʊ°ì¤Î¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤êÀµ - ¤·¤¤¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê FreeBSD¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼ - ¥ë¤¹¤ë»þ¤Ë, ¥Ø¥Ã¥É/¥·¥ê¥ó¥À¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¼ÁÌä¤Ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È - ¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤¬»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ì¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿Ãͤò»È¤ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê - ¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤ë¼ºÇԤǸ«¤é¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï, ¥Ö¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤¥·¥¹ - ¥Æ¥à¤ä¾¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¾å½ñ¤­¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥· - ¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¸«¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë fdisk¤ò»È¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤³¤ì¤È¤Ï¿©¤¤°ã¤Ã¤¿Ïäòʹ¤¤¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤¢ - ¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¸Å¤¤ FreeBSD¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë»þ¤Ë SCSI - ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¥¸¥ª¥á¥È¥ê¾ðÊó¤òÊó¹ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. »ä¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î - °ì¤Ä¤ÎÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - aha0 targ 0 lun 0: - sd0: 636MB (1303250 total sec), 1632 cyl, 15 head, 53 sec, bytes/sec 512 - - ºÇ¶á¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï, ÉáÄ̤Ϥ³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ðÊó¤òÊó¹ð¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, - ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - (bt0:0:0): "SEAGATE ST41651 7574" type 0 fixed SCSI 2 - sd0(bt0:0:0): Direct-Access 1350MB (2766300 512 byte sectors) - - - ¤Ê¤¼¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊѤï¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦? - - ¤³¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï SCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¼«¿È¤«¤éÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ¶á¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ç - ¤Ï¤è¤¯¥¾¡¼¥ó¥Ó¥Ã¥Èµ­Ï¿Êý¼° (zone bit recording) ¤È¤¤¤¦µ»½Ñ¤¬»È - ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Î³°Â¦¤Î¥·¥ê¥ó¥À¤ÏÆ⦤è¤ê¤â¥¹¥Ú¡¼ - ¥¹¤¬¹­¤¤¤Î¤Ç¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤¢¤¿¤ê¤Î¥»¥¯¥¿¿ô¤òÁý¤ä¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È¤¤ - ¤¦¥¢¥¤¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î·ë²Ì, ³°Â¦¤Î¥·¥ê¥ó¥À¾å¤Î¥È¥é¥Ã¥¯¤ÎÍÆÎÌ - ¤ÏÆ⦤Υ·¥ê¥ó¥À¤è¤ê¤âÂ礭¤¯¤Ê¤ê, Á´ÂΤǤϤè¤êÂ礭¤ÊÍÆÎÌ¤È¤Ê - ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ö¤Ë¤Î¥¸¥ª¥á¥È¥ê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÊó¹ð¤Ï, - ºÇÁ±¤Î¤â¤Î¤«¤É¤¦¤«µ¿¤ï¤·¤¯, ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç¸í²ò¤ò¾·¤¯¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢ - ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¥¸¥ª¥á¥È¥ê¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï BIOS¤ÎÍѤ¤ - ¤Æ¤¤¤ëÃͤòÍ¿¤¨¤ëÊý¤¬¤è¤¤·ë²Ì¤È¤Ê¤ê, BIOS¤¬¤½¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ë - ¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯´ØÃΤ·¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð (Î㤨¤Ð¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ç - ¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¤é) ÅÔ¹ç¤Î¤è¤¤²¾ÁۤΥ¸¥ª¥á¥È¥ê¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - SCSI ¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÀß·× -

- FreeBSD¤Ç¤Ï³¬ÁØŪ¤Ê SCSI¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ³Æ¡¹°Û¤Ê - ¤ë¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î - ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤òÃΤäƤ¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥É - ¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï SCSI¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤è¤ê¾å°Ì¤Î³¬ÁؤΥ³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê, - ¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¤òÊó¹ð¤¹¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤ÎºÇ¾å°Ì¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥¯¥é¥¹¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä - ¤«¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤¤¤¦¤È, ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥É¥é¥¤ - ¥Ö¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð (ά¹æ¤Ï: st), ¼§µ¤¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ (sd), CD-ROM - (cd) ¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï/sys/scsi¤Ë¤¢¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹. ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸ (man) ¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó 4 ¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤Æâ - ÍƤ¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¿³¬ÁؤÎÀ߷פÏÄã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤È¤è¤ê¹â°Ì¤Î¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤òʬΥ¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç - ¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¿·¤¿¤Ë¾¤Î¼ïÎà¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤ò - ¤è¤ê½èÍý¤·¤ä¤¹¤¤ÌäÂê¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó -

- ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¹½À®¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤ - ¥ë¤Ë¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ 1¹Ô¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¿ô¹ÔÄøÅ٤ε­½Ò¤ò¤¹¤ë - ɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï I/O ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ä³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÆâÍƤâ´Þ - ¤ß¤Þ¤¹. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸ - ¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¾ðÊ󤬤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤è¤¯Æɤó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤ì¤È¤ÏÊÌ¤Ë - /sys/i386/conf/LINT ¤Ë¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î - ³µÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. LINT¤Ë¤Ï°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ê¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥ª - ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤À¤·, LINT¤Ç¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤ËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¥«¡¼ - ¥Í¥ë¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯²¿¤ò¤¹¤ë¤«¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤ - ¥ë¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¹½À®¤òÈ¿±Ç¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë³ä¤ê¹þ - ¤ß¤äI/O¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹Åù¤Ë¹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò½ñ¤« - ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Ë - ¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ÎÀßÄê¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Îã¤È¤·¤Æ FreeBSD 2.0.5-Release¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥³¥á¥ó¥È - ([]¤ÎÃæ) ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤¿ LINT¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼¨ - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - - -# SCSI host adapters: `aha', `ahb', `aic', `bt', `nca' -# -# aha: Adaptec 154x -# ahb: Adaptec 174x -# ahc: Adaptec 274x/284x/294x -# aic: Adaptec 152x and sound cards using the Adaptec AIC-6360 (slow!) -# bt: Most Buslogic controllers -# nca: ProAudioSpectrum cards using the NCR 5380 or Trantor T130 -# uha: UltraStore 14F and 34F -# sea: Seagate ST01/02 8 bit controller (slow!) -# wds: Western Digital WD7000 controller (no scatter/gather!). -# - -[ Adaptec AHA274x, 284x ¤Ê¤É¤Î¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é] -controller ahc0 at isa? bio irq ? vector ahcintr # port??? iomem? - -[ Adaptec AHA174x ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é] -controller ahb0 at isa? bio irq ? vector ahbintr - -[Ultrastor ¥¢¥À¥×¥¿] -controller uha0 at isa? port "IO_UHA0" bio irq ? drq 5 vector uhaintr - -# Map SCSI buses to specific SCSI adapters -controller scbus0 at ahc0 -controller scbus2 at ahb0 -controller scbus1 at uha0 - -# The actual SCSI devices -disk sd0 at scbus0 target 0 unit 0 [SCSI ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ 0 ¤Ï scbus 0, LUN 0] -disk sd1 at scbus0 target 1 [unit ¤ò¾Êά¤¹¤ë¤È°ÅÌÛ¤Ç LUN 0] -disk sd2 at scbus1 target 3 [uha0 ¾å¤Î SCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯] -disk sd3 at scbus2 target 4 [ahb0 ¾å¤Î SCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯] -tape st1 at scbus0 target 6 [SCSI ¥Æ¡¼¥× ¤Ï ¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È (ID)6] -device cd0 at scbus? [ºÇ½é¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿ CDROM, ¸ÇÄê¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤¤] - - - - ¾å¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï ahc (Adaptec 274x) ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤ò¤Þ¤º - õ¤·, ¤½¤Î¼¡¤Ë Adaptec 174x ¤Î¥Ü¡¼¥É¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë½çÈÖ¤Ëõ¤·¤Æ - ¹Ô¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î²¼¤Î¹Ô¤Î controller ¤Îµ­½Ò¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¾ÜºÙ - ¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Æ, Âбþ¤¹¤ë¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È ID ¤È LUN ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ - ¤â¤Î¤È°ìÃפ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤À¤± ǧ¼±¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÅÁ¤¨ - ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤¿ (Wired down) ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï ¡ÖºÇ½é¤Ë¡×¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÈֹ椬Ϳ¤¨ - ¤é¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¡Ö¸ÇÄê¡×¤µ¤ì¤¤¤Ê¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÏƱ¤¸¼ïÎà¤Î¡Ö¸ÇÄê¡×¤µ¤ì - ¤¿¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤ÎºÇ¤âÂ礭¤¤ÈÖ¹æ¤Î1¤Ä¾å¤ÎÈֹ椫¤é³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì - ¤Þ¤¹. - ¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ, ¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥ÈID 2¤Î SCSI¥Æ¡¼¥×¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤È, ¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥ÈID 6 - ¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥×¤¬¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÈÖ¹æ1¤Ë¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤½¤ì¤Ïst2¤ËÀßÄê - ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥Ð - ¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤Ï¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÈֹ椬¾ï¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ËÃí - °Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¸ÇÄê¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë - ³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤¿¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤Ï,¤â¤·¤½¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥¹¥¤¥Ã¥Á¤¬¥Ö¡¼ - ¥È»þ¤ËÀÚ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤â¤½¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¥ê¥¶¡¼¥Ö¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ÅŸ»¤òÆþ¤ì¤ÆÀܳ¤·¤¿»þ¤Î¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÈֹ椬Ϳ¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤Ï SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Î¥¿¡¼ - ¥²¥Ã¥ÈID¤È¤Ï ²¿¤Î´Ø·¸¤â¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ²¼¤ÎÎã¤Ï FreeBSD¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.0.5 °ÊÁ°¤Î ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£ - ¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¹. ºÇ½é¤ÎÎã¤È¤Î°ã¤¤¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¡Ö¸ÇÄê (wired - down)¡×¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¡Ö¸ÇÄê¡×¤Ë¤è¤ê¤É¤ÎSCSI¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤ò¤É¤Î - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë¤«¤òµ­½Ò¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - ²¼¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ê¹½ÃÛ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ç¤ÏºÇ½é¤Ë¸«¤Ä - ¤±¤¿ SCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤¬ sd0¤Ë¤Ê¤ê, ¼¡¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤¬ sd1¤Ë, - ¤È¤¤¤¦¶ñ¹ç¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Îºï½ü¤äÄɲäò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ - ¤È, ¾¤ÎƱ¤¸¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ (¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯) ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤¬ - ¡Ö°ÜÆ°¤·¤Æ¡×¤·¤Þ¤¦¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¤½¤Î¤¿¤Ó¤Ë - /etc/fstab ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¸Å¤¤¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤âÆ°¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¿·¤·¤¤¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¶¯ - ¤¯ ¿ä¾©¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò - ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, 2.0.5.R°ÊÁ°¤Î FreeBSD¤«¤é¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë¸Å¤¤ - ¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºÆÍøÍѤ¹¤ë»þ¤Ï¤³¤ÎÉôʬ¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã - ¥¯¤·¤Æľ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -[Adaptec 174xÍѤΥɥ饤¥Ð] -controller ahb0 at isa? bio irq 11 vector ahbintr -[Adaptec 154xÍѤΥɥ饤¥Ð ] -controller aha0 at isa? port "IO_AHA0" bio irq 11 drq 5 vector ahaintr -[Seagate ST01/02¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð] -controller sea0 at isa? bio irq 5 iomem 0xc8000 iosiz 0x2000 vector seaintr -controller scbus0 - -device sd0 [4Âæ¤ÎSCSI ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È, sd0 ¤«¤é sd3] - -device st0 [2Âæ¤Î SCSI ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È] - -[cdrom¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð] -device cd0 #Only need one of these, the code dynamically grows - - - - ξÊý¤ÎÎã¤Ç SCSI¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥Ö¡¼¥ÈÃæ¤Ë - ¡Ö¸ÇÄê¡×¤Îµ­½Ò¤¬¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¿¥¤¥×(Î㤨¤Ð sd ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯) ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð - ¥¤¥¹¤Çµ­½Ò¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤ë¤È, - ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ïñ½ã¤ËºÇ¸å¤Î¡Ö¸ÇÄê¡×¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÈÖ¹æ¤è¤ê - 1¤Ä¤º¤ÄÁý²Ã¤µ¤»¤¿ÈÖ¹æ¤ò¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤Æ¹Ô¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤· - ¡Ö¸ÇÄê¡×¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤Ï0¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - man 4 scsi ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ SCSI¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎºÇ¿·¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò - ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤è¤ê¾ÜºÙ¤Ê¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î»È¤¤ - Êý¤Ï, ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð Adaptec 154x¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ïman 4 - aha ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Ç¤Î SCSI ¥Á¥å¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥° -

- ·Ð¸³Åª¤Ë SCSI¥Ð¥¹¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È (¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ë¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹) ¸å¤ÎINQUIRY¥³¥Þ - ¥ó¥É¤ËÂФ·¤Æ±þÅú¤¬ÃÙ¤¯¤Ê¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. INQUIRY¥³¥Þ¥ó - ¥É¤Ï ¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¤É¤Î¼ïÎà¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ (¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯, ¥Æ¡¼¥×, - CDROM¤Ê¤É) ¤¬¤É¤Î¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥ÈID¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë - ȯ¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ò¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥×¥í¡¼¥Ó¥ó¥° (¥Ç¥Ð - ¥¤¥¹¸¡½Ð) ¤È¸À¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¡Ö±þÅú¤ÎÃÙ¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¡×¤ÎÌäÂê¤ò²ò·è¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, FreeBSD¤Ï SCSI¥Ð - ¥¹¤ò¥ê¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¸¡½Ð¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì - ¥¤¥¿¥¤¥à¤òÄ´À°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç - ¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î²¼¤Ë¼¨¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ê¹Ô¤Ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¤¥¿¥¤¥à¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ - ¤¤. - - -options SCSI_DELAY=15 #Be pessimistic about Joe SCSI device - - ¤³¤Î¹Ô¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¤¥¿¥¤¥à¤Ï 15ÉäǤ¹. »ä¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, ¿®Íê - ¤Ç¤­¤ë¸Å¤¤ CDROM¤¬Ç§¼±¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë3ÉäÎÃͤò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤· - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Îǧ¼±¤ÇÌäÂ꤬µ¯¤­¤ë»þ¤ÏÂ礭¤ÊÃÍ (30ÉäǤ¢¤ë¤È¤«) ¤«¤é - »Ï¤á¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤¤¤¿¤é,Ãͤò¸º¤é¤·¤Æ¤Á¤ç¤¦¤É¤è¤¤ÃÍ¤Ë - ¤Ë¥Á¥å¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥°¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - Rogue ¤Ê SCSI ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ -

- - (ÌõÃí: rogue ¤Ïͭ̾¤Ê¥²¡¼¥à, ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¤Æ °­ÅÞ, ·²¤«¤éÎ¥¤ì¤¿, ¶§Ë½ - ¤Ê, ¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£) - - SCSI¤Îµ¬Äê¤Ï´°Á´¤Ç´Ê·é¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ë¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦ÅØÎϤϤµ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, - Ê£»¨¤Êµ¬Äê¤È¤Ê¤ê, Àµ³Î¤Ë¼Â¸½¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï´Êñ¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥Ù¥ó¥À¤Ï¾¤è¤ê¤â¤è¤¤»Å»ö¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤³¤Ç ¡Ö¥¤¥«¥ì¤¿¡×¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¸½¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê - ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï FreeBSD ¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤é¤«É¸½àŪ - ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¿¶Éñ¤ò¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Èǧ¼±¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¡Ö¥¤¥«¥ì¤¿¡×¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï - ¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊó¹ð¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ï»ä¤Î2¤Ä¤Î¥«¡¼ - ¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¸¥Æ¡¼¥×¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤¹. - - -Feb 25 21:03:34 yedi /kernel: ahb0 targ 5 lun 0: -Feb 25 21:03:34 yedi /kernel: st0: Tandberg tdc3600 is a known rogue - -Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: aha0 targ 5 lun 0: -Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue - - - Î㤨¤Ð, ¤¢¤ë¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥ÈID¤«¤é¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï1¤Ä¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Î - ¤Ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î LUN¤«¤é¤Î±þÅú¤¬¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥«¡¼ - ¥Í¥ë¤Ï¤½¤ÎÆÃÄê¤Î¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥ÈID¤Ë8¸Ä¤Î LUN¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È¸í²ò¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦ - ¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êº®Íð¤Îµ¯¤­¤ë¸¶°ø¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏÆÉ¼Ô¤Ø - ¤Î²ÝÂê¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - FreeBSD¤Î SCSI¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï ¸¡½Ð»þ¤Î INQUIRY¤Î±þÅú¤ò¸«¤Æ - °­¤¤½¬´·¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Îǧ¼±¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. INQUIRY¤Î±þÅú¤Ë¤Ï¥Ç - ¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈֹ椬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á, °Û¤Ê¤ë - Æ°ºî¤ò¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò¶èÊ̤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - Î㤨¤Ð, /sys/scsi/st.c ¤ä /sys/scsi/scsiconf.c ¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ - ¤¤. ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«, ¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¾ðÊ󤬤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï¤¦¤Þ¤¯¹Ô¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó´ûÃΤΥǥХ¤¥¹¤¬¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤À¤±¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤¯¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ëµ¤¤ò¤Ä¤±¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿°ÊÁ°¤Ë Mumbletech SCSI CDROM (ÌõÃí: ²Í¶õ¤Î¥á¡¼¥« - ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤¹) ¤òÀܳ¤·¤¿¿Í¤¬¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤·¤¿¤é, ¤É¤ó¤Ê¡Ö¥ï¥¶¡× - ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤½¤ì¤ò»È¤¦¤«¼«Ê¬¤Ç¸«¤Ä¤±¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î Mubletech ¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤¿¤é¤½¤ÎÀ®²Ì¤ò FreeBSD¤Î - ¼¡¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ø´Þ¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë FreeBSD³«È¯¥Á¡¼¥à¤ØÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ - ¤¤. ¾¤Î Mumbletech¤ÎÍøÍѼԤ¿¤Á¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ë´¶¼Õ¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - Ê£¿ô¤Î LUN¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ -

- ñ°ì¤Î SCSI ID¾å¤ËÊ£¿ô¤ÎÏÀÍý¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È (LUN) ¤ò»ý¤Ä¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò»È¤¦ - ¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¿¤¯¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤Ï FreeBSD¤Ï LUN 0 - ¤Î¤ß¤ò¸¡½Ð¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÎã¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï2Âæ¤Î SCSI¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¥Ï¡¼¥É - ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ò SCSI¥Ð¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤°¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥¸¥Ü¡¼¥É (Î㤨¤Ð¸Å¤¤ Sun¥·¥¹¥Æ - ¥à¤Ë¸«¤é¤ì¤ë Emulex MD21) ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - LUN ¤¬0¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÏÉáÄ̤ϥ·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Î¸¡½Ð¤Ç¤Ï - ¸«¤Ä¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ë¤¦¤Þ¤¯Âн褹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï - /sys/scsi/scsiconf.c ¤ËŬÀڤʥ¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºÆ¹½ÃÛ - ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë½é´ü²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¹½Â¤ÂΤòõ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - { - T_DIRECT, T_FIXED, "MAXTOR", "XT-4170S", "B5A", - "mx1", SC_ONE_LU - } - - - LUN¤¬Ê£¿ô¤¢¤ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î Mumbletech BRIDGE2000 ¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯ - ¤È¤·¤ÆƯ¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î¥ê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó123¤Ê¤É¤ò¼¡¤Î¤è - ¤¦¤Ë½ñ¤­²Ã¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - - - { - T_DIRECT, T_FIXED, "MUMBLETECH", "BRIDGE2000", "123", - "sd", SC_MORE_LUS - } - - - ÌõÃí: Ê£¿ô LUN¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¹½Â¤ÂΤκǸå¤ÎÍ×ÁǤò - SC_MORE_LUS¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºî¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï scsiconf.c - ¤Ë¤¢¤ë MBR-7Åù¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò»²¹Í¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï INQUIRY¤Ë°ìÃפ¹¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ë¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤«¤éõ¤· - ¤Æ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¿¶Éñ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ò¸«¤Æ - ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥¿¥° ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É ¥­¥å¡¼¥¤¥ó¥° -

- ºÇ¶á¤Î SCSI ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹, Æä˼§µ¤¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ç¤Ï¥¿¥° ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É ¥­¥å¡¼ - ¥¤¥ó¥° (tagged command queuing: TCQ) ¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - Í×Ì󤹤ì¤Ð, TCQ¤ÏÊ£¿ô¤ÎI/O¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤òƱ»þ¤Ë¼õ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ - ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¥¸¥§¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é,¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È - ¥­¥å¡¼¤Ë¤¢¤ë½èÍý (¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤Î¥Ý¥¸¥·¥ç¥Ë¥ó¥°¤Ê¤É) ¤ÎºÇŬ²½¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³ - ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent - Disks) ¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊSCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤ÏTCQµ¡Ç½¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î»ý¤ÄÊÂÎóÀ­¤Î - ÍøÅÀ¤òÀ¸¤«¤¹¤¿¤á¤ËÉԲķç¤Ç¤¹. - - ³Æ¡¹¤Î I/O ¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤Ïñ°ì¤Î `tag' (¥¿¥° ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É ¥­¥å¡¼¥¤¥ó - ¥°¤Î̾Á°¤ÎͳÍè) ¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD¤Ï¤³¤Î tag¤Ë¤è¤ê¥Ç¥Ð - ¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î¥­¥å¡¼¤ÎÃæ¤Î¤É¤Î I/O¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤¬´°Î»¤·¤¿¤«¤Î¼± - Ê̤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - TQC¤Î¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥È¤Ï¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â - ¤¢¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¥Õ¥¡¡¼¥à¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ç¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥×¥ê¥á¥ó¥È¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤· - ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÌäÂê¤Ë½Ð²ñ¤¦¤ÈÈó¾ï¤ËÉԲIJò¤ÊÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ä - ¤Ê¤¬¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ï TCQ ¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿ ¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿ -

- ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬Â¿¤¯¤Î SCSI¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ï¥Ð¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥³ - ¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Û¥¹¥ÈCPU¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷¤ÎÉé²Ù¤ò¤« - ¤±¤º, ¥Ü¡¼¥É¼«¿È¤¬I/O¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤ì¤Ï FreeBSD¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥¿¥¹¥¯¤Î¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à - ¤Ç¤ÏÂ礭¤ÊÍøÅÀ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤·¤«¤·, ²¿¤é¤«¤ÎÌäÂê¤Îµ¯¤­¤ë¤³¤È¤â - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - Î㤨¤Ð Adaptec 1542 ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤Ï ¥Û¥¹¥È¥Ð¥¹ (¤³¤³¤Ç¤ÏISA¤Þ - ¤¿¤ÏAT¥Ð¥¹) ¤ò°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿Å¾Á÷®ÅÙ¤ËÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é¤¬ - °Û¤Ê¤ë¥ì¡¼¥È¤ËÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ç¹â®¤ÊžÁ÷¤¬ - ¤Ç¤­¤ëÌõ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. ¥Þ¥¶¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ë¹ç¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¹â®¤Î - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷®ÅÙ¤òÍѤ¤¤¿»þ¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Ï¥ó¥°¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ä¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î»½ýÅù¤Î - ÌäÂ꤬µ¯¤­¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - ¤³¤ì¤ò²ò·è¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤ÏÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤¹. ¤è¤êÄ㤤¥Ç¡¼¥¿Å¾Á÷®ÅÙ¤ËÀßÄê - ¤·¤Æ¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°¤¯¤«³Î¤«¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - - Adaptec 1542¤Î¾ì¹ç, ²Äǽ¤Ê¸Â¤ê¹â®¤ÊžÁ÷¥ì¡¼¥È¤òưŪ¤ËÆɤ߼è¤Ã¤Æ, - Àµ¤·¤¤·èÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤¿¤á¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë - Äɲ乤뤳¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï̵¸ú¤Ë - ¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - -options "TUNE_1542" #dynamic tune of bus DMA speed - - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î»È¤¦¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã - ¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ê¼êÃʤȤ·¤Æ¤Ïµæ¶Ë¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤ò - »È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ (¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤òÆɤó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³ - ¤È¤Ç¤¹). - - ÌõÃí: 2.1.5R¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸ - ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Þ¤¿¾å¤ÎÎã¤Î TUNE_1542¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó - ¤â man aha ¤Ë¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹. ¥½¡¼¥¹¤Î¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤À¤±¤Ç - ¤â°ìÅÙ¸«¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤â¤¤¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - ÌäÂê¤òÆͤ­»ß¤á¤ë -

- °Ê²¼¤Ï SCSI ¤Ç°ìÈÌŪ¤ËÌäÂ꤬µ¯¤­¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë²ò·è¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã - ¥¯¥ê¥¹¥È¤Î»î¤ß¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï´°Á´¤Êʪ¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - - ¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤È¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¬¤æ¤ë¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë. - - ¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Í¡¼¥¿¤Î¾ì½ê¤È¿ô¤òÇ°¤Ë¤ÏÇ°¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë. - - ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â1¤Ä¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Í¡¼¥¿¤ÎÅŸ»¤Î¶¡µë¸»¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯ - ¤¹¤ë (Æä˳°Éô¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Í¡¼¥¿¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç). - - ¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥ÈID¤¬½ÅÊ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë. - - »ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÅŸ»¤¬ON¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë. - - ɬÍ׺Ǿ®¸Â¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤À¤±¤Î¹½À®¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë. - - ²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Î¥¹¥Ô¡¼¥É¤òÃÙ¤¯¤¹¤ë. - - ÌäÂê¤ò¤è¤êñ½ã¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥¿¥°¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥­¥å¡¼¥¤¥ó¥°¤ò²Äǽ - ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë. (NCR¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï - man ncrcontrol ¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, SCSIDEBUG¥ª¥×¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ make¤·¤Æ, ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥â¡¼¥É¤Ë¤·¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥» - ¥¹¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤â¤·¤½¤ì¤Ç¤âµ¯Æ°»þ¤Ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¸¡½Ð - ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÀßÄꥢ¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Þ¤¿, /sys/scsi/scsidebug.h ¤Ë - ¤¢¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤òÊѤ¨¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¸¡½Ð¤Ï¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¬ - Æ°¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, scsi(8)¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç (SCSIDEBUG - ¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æmake¤·¤¿) ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾õÂÖ¤ÇưŪ¤Ë¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥° - ¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï guru (UNIX¤Îã¿Í) ¤Ç - ¤âº®Í𤷤Ƥ·¤Þ¤¦¤Û¤É¤ÎÈó¾ï¤ËÂçÎ̤ΥǥХå°¾ðÊó¤ò½Ð¤¹¤Ç¤·¤ç - ¤¦. man 4 scsi - ¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤êÀµ³Î¤Ê¾ðÊ󤬤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿man 8 - scsi ¤â¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¤µ¤é¤Ë¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó -

- ¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¤¤¤¯¤é¤«¤ÏËܵ¤¤Ç SCSI¥Ï¥Ã¥­¥ó¥°¤ò¤¹¤ëµ¤¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Ê¤é - ¤¿¤Ö¤óÀµµ¬¤Îµ¬³Ê¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¾µÇ§¤º¤ß¤Î¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹©¶Èµ¬³Ê¤Ï ANSI ¤«¤é¹ØÆþ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ½»½ê¤ÈÅÅÏà - ÈÖ¹æ¤Ï11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, - Sales Dept: (212) 642-4900 ¤Ç¤¹. - ¤Þ¤¿, ANSI¤Îµ¬³Ê¤ª¤è¤Ó°Ñ°÷²ñ¤Îµ¬³Ê°Æ (¥É¥é¥Õ¥È) ¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤ÏGlobal - Engineering Documents¤è¤êÇ㤦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. Ï¢ÍíÀè¤Ï 15 - Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704, Phone: (800) - 854-7179, Outside USA and Canada: (303) 792-2181, FAX: (303) 792- - 2192¤Ç¤¹. - - X3T10¤Î¥É¥é¥Õ¥È¤Î¿¤¯¤ÏÅÅ»ÒŪ¤ËÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë·Á¤Ç SCSI - BBS (719-574-0424) ¤È ncrinfo.ncr.com ¤Î Anonymous FTP (ï¤Ç¤â - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼è¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ëFTP¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹) ¥µ¥¤¥È¤«¤éÆÀ¤ë¤³ - ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ºÇ¿·¤Î X3T10°Ñ°÷²ñ¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ï: - -AT Attachment (ATA or IDE) [X3.221-1994] (Approved) -ATA Extensions (ATA-2) [X3T10/948D Rev 2i] -Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI) [X3.170-1990/X3.170a-1991] (Approved) -Small Computer System Interface - 2 (SCSI-2) [X3.131-1994] (Approved) -SCSI-2 Common Access Method Transport and SCSI Interface Module (CAM) - [X3T10/792D Rev 11] - - ÄɲþðÊó¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤ë½ÐÈÇʪ¤Ï: - -"SCSI: Understanding the Small Computer System Interface", NCR¼Ò -ÊÔ. ½ÐÈÇ: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 07632 -Phone: (201) 767-5937 ISBN 0-13-796855-8 - -"Basics of SCSI", a SCSI tutorial, Ancot Corporation ÊÔ - Ancot ¤ÎÏ¢ÍíÀè: -Phone: (415) 322-5322 Fax: (415) 322-0455 - -"SCSI Interconnection Guide Book", AMP¼Ò¤Î½ÐÈÇʪ (ȯ¹Ô 4/93, ¥« -¥¿¥í¥° 65237) ¿§¡¹¤Ê SCSI ¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È ¤È ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ëÀܳÊýË¡¤Î¥¬¥¤¥É. - AMP ¼Ò¤è¤êÆþ¼ê²Äǽ. (800) 522-6752 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï (717) 564-0100 - -"Fast Track to SCSI", ÉÙ»ÎÄ̤ˤè¤ë¥×¥í¥À¥¯¥È¥¬¥¤¥É, -Æþ¼êÀè: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 07632 -ÅÅÏÃ: (201) 767-5937 ISBN 0-13-307000-X - -"The SCSI Bench Reference", "The SCSI Encyclopedia", "SCSI Tutor", -ENDL Publications, 14426 Black Walnut Court, Saratoga CA, 95070 -ÅÅÏÃ: (408) 867-6642 - -"Zadian SCSI Navigator" (¥¯¥¤¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥¹) ¤ª¤è¤Ó "Discover the Power of SCSI" -(ºÇ½é¤ÎËܤÏ1»þ´Ö¤Î¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¤È¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë¤¬ÉÕ°), Zadian Software, -Suite 214, 1210 S. Bascom Ave., San Jose, CA 92128, (408) 293-0800 - - - Usenet ¤Î¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¥°¥ë¡¼¥× - ¤È - ¤ÏÆäˤè¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÆÀ¤ë¤Ë¤ÏÃíÌܤ¹¤Ù¤­¾ì½ê¤Ç¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿Äê´üŪ¤Ë - ¥Ý¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë SCSI-FAQ¤ò¤³¤³¤«¤éÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¿¤¯¤Î¼çÍ×¤Ê SCSI¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Î¶¡µë¸µ¤Ï FTP ¥µ¥¤¥È - ¤ä BBS¤ò³«¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë´Ø¤¹ - ¤ëµ®½Å¤Ê¾ðÊ󸻤Ȥʤë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/sections.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/sections.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 560eac1..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/sections.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,64 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/serial.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/serial.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 1f17890..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/serial.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÀܳ¤Î´ðÁà - -

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Ìõ: &a.masaki;.6 September 1996. - -°Ê²¼¤ËDigi International PC/8D¤È16550¥Á¥Ã¥×¤òÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î, ¥«¡¼¥Í -¥ëconfig¤ÎÉôʬ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ï, 8ËܤβóÀþ¤Ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¥â¥Ç¥à¤òÀܳ -¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤âÎɹ¥¤ËÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -options COM_MULTIPORT ¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤Î¤ò˺¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ˺¤ì¤ë -¤È¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó! - - -device sio4 at isa? port 0x100 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio5 at isa? port 0x108 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio6 at isa? port 0x110 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio7 at isa? port 0x118 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio8 at isa? port 0x120 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio9 at isa? port 0x128 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio10 at isa? port 0x130 tty flags 0xb05 -device sio11 at isa? port 0x138 tty flags 0xb05 irq 9 vector siointr - - -¤³¤³¤Ç³Æ SIO ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤ò¶¦Í­¤¹¤ë°ì¤Ä¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤òɽ¸½ -¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥È¥ê¥Ã¥­¡¼¤ÊÀßÄê¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥Õ¥é¥° (flags ¤Î¸å -¤í¤Î 16 ¿Ê¿ô) ¤Î²¼¤«¤é 2 ¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÌܤˤ³¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Î SIO ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ÎÈÖ -¹æ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï 11 (16¿Ê¿ô¤Ç¤Ï 0x0b) ¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é, ³Æ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î -¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï 0xb05 ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -Boca 16 - -

´ó£ &a.whiteside;. 1995ǯ8·î26Æü - -FreeBSD ¤Ç Boca 16pord ¤Î¥Ü¡¼¥É¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï´Êñ¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤½¤Î¤¿ -¤á¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Îºî¶È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. : - - - -2.0.5 ¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï, ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò¤·¤Æ -¤¤¤Ê¤¤ ¤Î¤Ç, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï³Æ¥Ý¡¼¥ÈËè¤Ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÄɲ乤ëɬÍפ¬ -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤êɬÍפʥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð -¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤¬´û¤Ë -¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎÂؤï¤ê¤Î狼¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ëºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤ò¤ä¤Ã¤Æ -¤â¤é¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - 2ÈÖÌܤË, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÀµ¤·¤¯ÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¤¢¤Ê -¤¿¤ÎBoca Board¤ÎIO¤È³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤ÎÃͤòÃΤäƤ¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - -¤Ò¤È¤Ä½ÅÍפʤ³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. Boca 16 ¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¼ÂºÝ¤Î UART ¥Á¥Ã¥× -¤Ï, Boca 16 ¤Î¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, ³°ÉÕ¤±¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Þ¤¹. -¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òÀܳ¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È, ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¸¡½Ð¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. »ä¤Ï, -Àܳ¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤Þµ¯Æ°¤·¤¿¤ê, ¸å¤«¤éÀܳ¤·¤Ê¤ª¤·¤¿¤ê¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë¤É¤¦¤Ê¤ë¤«¤ò¥Æ -¥¹¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤É¤Á¤é¤â¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤ª¾©¤á¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¥«¥¹¥¿¥Þ¥¤¥ººÑ¤ß¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»ý¤Ã -¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê»öÊÁ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, -¤ò»²¹Í¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. °Ê²¼¤ËBoca 16¤Î¥Ü¡¼¥É -¤Ë´Ø·¸¤¹¤ëÉôʬ¤À¤±¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬MYKERNEL¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á° -¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Ë¤Ï vi¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ -¤¹. - - -¼¡¤Î1¹Ô¤òconfig¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÄɲ䷤Ƥ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -options COM_MULTIPORT - - - -¤³¤Î device sioxxx¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô¤ò, ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ 16 -¸Ä¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹Ê¬¤òÄɲ䷤Ƥ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ºÇ¸å¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤À¤±, ¤³¤Î¥Ü¡¼¥É -¤Î³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¥Ù¥¯¥¿¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. (¾ÜºÙ¤Ï sio(4) ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢ -¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.) - -°Ê²¼¤ÎÎã¤Ï, ³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß 3, ¥Ù¡¼¥¹ IO ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ 100h ¤ÎÃͤò»ý¤Ä Boca Board -¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤¹. ³Æ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î IO ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï, 100h, 108h, 110h, ... ¤Î¤è -¤¦¤Ë 16 ¿ÊË¡¤Ç 8 ¤Å¤Ä²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - -device sio1 at isa? port 0x100 tty flags 0x1005 -device sio2 at isa? port 0x108 tty flags 0x1005 -device sio3 at isa? port 0x110 tty flags 0x1005 -device sio4 at isa? port 0x118 tty flags 0x1005 -[...] -device sio15 at isa? port 0x170 tty flags 0x1005 -device sio16 at isa? port 0x178 tty flags 0x1005 irq 3 vector siointr - - -¥Õ¥é¥°¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬Á´¤¯Æ±¤¸sio¤Î³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê -ɬ¤º ¾åµ­¤ÎÎ㤫¤éÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. -0xMYY ¤ÎM¤Ï, ¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥Ý¡¼¥È (Boca 16¤ËÅëºÜ¤µ¤ì¤¿ºÇ¸å -¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È)¤Î¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼ÈÖ¹æ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¤µ¤é¤Ë YY ¤ÎÉôʬ¤ÏFIFO¤¬ -Í­¸ú¤Þ¤¿¤Ï̵¸ú¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È (¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÏÍ­¸ú), ³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤ò (¥Ü¡¼¥ÉÆâ¤Ç) ¶¦ -Í­¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤« (¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÏYES), ¤½¤·¤Æ, AST/4 ¤È¸ß´¹À­¤Î¤¢¤ë»ý¤Ä³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß -À©¸æ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤« (¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÏNO) ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - -¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, - -flags 0x1005 - - -¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬ sio16 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤â -¤·Æ±¤¸¥Ü¡¼¥É¤ò¤â¤¦°ìËçÄɲä·, sio17 ¤«¤é sio28 ¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë¤Ê¤é, -¿·¤·¤¤Êý¤Î ¥Ü¡¼¥É¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë 16 ¸Ä¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ 0x1C05 ¤Ë -¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. 28 (== 0x1C) ¤Ï¿·¤·¤¤¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Î¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼ÈÖ¹æ¤Ç -¤¹. ¥Õ¥é¥°¤Î 05 ¤ÎÉôʬ¤ÏÊѹ¹¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊݸ¤·¤Æ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò´°Î»¤·¤Þ -¤¹. ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¸å, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·, ¿·¤·¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ç¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤· -¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -ºÆ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤µ¤ì¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¤¦¤Þ¤¯¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ, ¤½¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÀµ -¤·¤¤¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¥Ö¡¼¥È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï¼¡¤Î -¤è¤¦¤Ë Boca ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¸¡½Ð¤ËÀ®¸ù¤¹¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹: -(sio¤ÎÈÖ¹æ, IO¤ÈIRQ¤ÎÃͤÏ, ¤³¤ÎÎã¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦) - - -sio1 at 0x100-0x107 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio1: type 16550A (multiport) -sio2 at 0x108-0x10f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio2: type 16550A (multiport) -sio3 at 0x110-0x117 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio3: type 16550A (multiport) -sio4 at 0x118-0x11f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio4: type 16550A (multiport) -sio5 at 0x120-0x127 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio5: type 16550A (multiport) -sio6 at 0x128-0x12f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio6: type 16550A (multiport) -sio7 at 0x130-0x137 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio7: type 16550A (multiport) -sio8 at 0x138-0x13f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio8: type 16550A (multiport) -sio9 at 0x140-0x147 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio9: type 16550A (multiport) -sio10 at 0x148-0x14f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio10: type 16550A (multiport) -sio11 at 0x150-0x157 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio11: type 16550A (multiport) -sio12 at 0x158-0x15f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio12: type 16550A (multiport) -sio13 at 0x160-0x167 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio13: type 16550A (multiport) -sio14 at 0x168-0x16f flags 0x1005 on isa -sio14: type 16550A (multiport) -sio15 at 0x170-0x177 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio15: type 16550A (multiport) -sio16 at 0x178-0x17f irq 3 flags 0x1005 on isa -sio16: type 16550A (multiport master) - - -¤â¤·¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Îɽ¼¨¤¬Â®¤¯¤ÆÆɤ߼è¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ï, dmesg | more -¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤ò¤æ¤Ã¤¯¤ê¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -¼¡¤Ë, root ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤«¤é, ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤¢¤ï¤»¤¿¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò /dev/MAKEDEV¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ/dev ¤ËÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹. - - -# cd /dev -# ./MAKEDEV tty1 -# ./MAKEDEV cua1 - (Ãæά) -# ./MAKEDEV ttyg -# ./MAKEDEV cuag - - -¤â¤·, ²¿¤é¤«¤ÎÍýͳ¤Çȯ¿®¤¹¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬ÉÔÍפʾì¹ç, cua* ¥Ç¥Ð -¥¤¥¹¤òºî¤é¤Ê¤¤¤ÇºÑ¤Þ¤¹¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬³Î¼Â¤ËÆ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¼ê¤Ã¼è¤êÁᤤÊýË¡¤Ï, -¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ (root¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ) ³Æ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤òÀܳ¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ºîÀ®¤· -¤¿³Æ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹Ëè¤Ëecho at> ttyd*¤È¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ³Æ¥Ý¡¼ -¥È¤¬Æ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤ÐRX¤Îɽ¼¨¤¬¸÷¤ë¤Î¤¬¸«¤¨¤ë¤Ï¤º ¤Ç¤¹. - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/skey.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/skey.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index b3f46ed..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/skey.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,355 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -S/KEY - -

¸¶ºî: &a.wollman;25 September 1995. -

Ìõ: &a.hino;.24 September 1996. - -

S/KEY ¤Ï°ìÊý¸þ¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥å´Ø¿ô (¤³¤³¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï, ²áµî¤È -¤Î¸ß´¹À­¤òÊݤĤ¿¤á¤Ë MD4 ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. S/KEY ¤Î¾¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï -MD5 ¤ä DES-MAC ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹) ¤ò´ð¤Ë¤·¤¿¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼ -¥ÉÊý¼°¤Ç¤¹. S/KEY ¤Ï, ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 1.1.5 °Ê¹ß¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î FreeBSD ¤Ëɸ½àŪ -¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. S/KEY ¤Ï FreeBSD °Ê³°¤Î¿ô¿¤¯¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¾å¤Ç¤âÍøÍÑ -²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ê, ¤½¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Î¿ô¤âÁý¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. S/KEY ¤Ð Bell Communications -Research, Inc. ¤ÎÅÐÏ¿¾¦É¸¤Ç¤¹. - - -

°Ê²¼¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤Ï, »°¼ïÎà¤Î°Û¤Ê¤ë¡Ö¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¡×¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤º°ì¤Ä -ÌܤÏ, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ÉáÃʻȤäƤ¤¤ëÉáÄ̤ΠUNIX ¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Î, ¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï Kerberos -¤Ç¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ì¤ò ``UNIX ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É'' ¤È¸Æ¤Ö¤³¤È¤Ë¤· -¤Þ¤¹. Æó¤ÄÌܤÏ, S/KEY ¤Î `ÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤Ï, UNIX ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤·, -¤Þ¤¿ UNIX ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤È²¿¤é¤«¤Î´ØÏ¢À­¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤â -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó (ξ¼Ô¤òƱ°ì¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤ª¾©¤á¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó). -UNIX ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÏŤµ¤¬ 8 ʸ»ú¤ËÀ©¸Â¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹ (ÌõÃí: FreeBSD ¤Ç DES -¤òƳÆþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤ÈŤ¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤âǧ¼±¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹). ¤³¤ì¤ËÂФ·, -S/KEY ¤Ç¤ÏÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤ò¹¥¤­¤Ê¤À¤±Ä¹¤¯¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹ (ÌõÃí: -¼ÂÁõ¾å, `S/KEY ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¾¤ËÆó¼ïÎà¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. °ì¤Ä¤Ï ``¥·¡¼¥É -(¼ï)'' ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï (º®Íð¤ò¾·¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬) ``¥­¡¼'' ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç, (ÌõÃí: ¥Ç -¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï) Æó¤Ä¤Îʸ»ú¤È¸Þ¤Ä¤Î¿ô»ú¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤Ï ``¥·¡¼ -¥±¥ó¥¹ÈÖ¹æ'' ¤Ç, 1 °Ê¾å¤ÎÀ°¿ô¤Ç¤¹. ¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ÈÖ¹æ¤ÏÆä˻ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð -100°Ê²¼¤Ç¤¹ (ÌõÃí: ``¼¡¤Ë, S/KEY ´ØÏ¢¤Î»Í¤Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. `/etc/skeykeys ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ, ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òµ¯Æ°¤· -¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¸½ºß¤Î¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ÈÖ¹æ¤È¥·¡¼¥É¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ¸å¤Ë, -`¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤Ï, »Í¼ïÎà¤Î°Û¤Ê¤ëÁàºî¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. °ì¤ÄÌÜ -¤Ï, `¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ëÄÌ¿®Ï©¤Ç¤Î½é´ü²½ - -

¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ëÄÌ¿®Ï© (Î㤨¤Ð¤¢¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë²èÌ̤ʤÉ) ¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ -¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë, S/KEY ¤Î½é´ü²½, S/KEY ¤ÎÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤ÎÊѹ¹, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥·¡¼ -¥É¤ÎÊѹ¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¤Þ¤º¤¢¤Ê¤¿¼«¿È¤¬¥í¥°¥¤ -¥ó¤·, ` -$ keyinit -Updating wollman: ) ¤³¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ï»Ï¤á¤Æ S/KEY ¤ò»È -Old key: ha73895 ) ¤¦¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ïɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. -Reminder - Only use this method if you are directly connected. -If you are using telnet or rlogin exit with no password and use keyinit -s. - ) `keyinit' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬½ÐÎϤ¹¤ëÃí°Õ¤Ç¤¹. Ìõ¤¹¤È, - ) Ãí°Õ - ¤³¤ÎÆ°ºî¥â¡¼¥É¤Ï¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ËľÀÜÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Î¤ßÍøÍÑ - ) ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È. ¤â¤·º£ telnet ¤ä rlogin ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ê¤é, ÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ - ) ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤òÆþÎϤ»¤º¤Ë¤³¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò½ªÎ»¤·, ¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë - ) keyinit -s ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È. -Enter secret password: ) ¤³¤³¤ÇÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹. -Again secret password: ) ¤â¤¦°ì²óÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹. - -ID wollman s/key is 99 ha73896 ) ¤¢¤È¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. -SAG HAS FONT GOUT FATE BOOM ) - - -

¾å¤ÎÎã¤Ç½Ð¤Æ¤­¤¿»öÊÁ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. `Enter secret -password:' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¹Í¤¨¤¿ÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤ò -ÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹ (É®¼Ô¤Ï 7 ñ¸ì°Ê¾å¤Îʸ¤òÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹). ¤³ -¤ÎÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤Ï¸å¤Ç¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפˤʤë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. `ID' -¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ë¹Ô¤Ï, S/KEY ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë°ì²óʬ¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤Ç¤¢¤ê, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥í¥°¥¤ -¥ó̾¤È¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ÈÖ¹æ¤È¥·¡¼¥É¤Ç¤¹. (ÌõÃí: `¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤ÄÌ¿®Ï©¤Ç¤Î½é´ü²½ - -

¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤ÄÌ¿®Ï©¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ S/KEY ¤ò½é´ü²½, ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º -¤ä¥·¡¼¥É¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ëÄÌ¿®Ï©¤È¤·¤Æ, ¤½¤Î¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤ÄÌ -¿®Ï©¤È¤ÏÊ̤Τâ¤Î¤òÍÑ°Õ¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ëÄÌ¿®Ï©¤Ï -` -$ keyinit -s -Updating wollman: -Old key: kh94741 -Reminder you need the 6 English words from the skey command. - ) `keyinit' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬½ÐÎϤ¹¤ëÃí°Õ¤Ç¤¹. Ìõ¤¹¤È, - ) Ãí°Õ - skey ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë 6 ±Ññ¸ì¤¬É¬Íפˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. -Enter sequence count from 1 to 9999: 100 ) ¤³¤³¤òÆþÎÏ. -Enter new key [default kh94742]: ) ¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó¤Î¤ßÆþÎÏ. -s/key 100 kh94742 - - -¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥·¡¼¥É (`keyinit' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ïº¤¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤³¤ì¤ò `key' ¤È -Æɤó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬, º®Í𤷤ʤ¤¤è¤¦Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) ¤Ç¹½¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, ¥ê -¥¿¡¼¥ó¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¼¡¤Ë, ¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤áÍÑ°Õ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤¿¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ëÄÌ -¿®Ï© (¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ä¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ë S/KEY ¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥¢¥¯¥»¥µ¥ê¤Ê¤É) ¤Ø°Ü¤Ã -¤Æ, Àè¤Û¤É¤ÈƱ¤¸¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - -$ key 100 kh94742 -Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. -Enter secret password: ) ¤³¤³¤ÇÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤¹. -HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO - - -¤³¤³¤Ç¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤ÄÌ¿®Ï©¤ÎÊý¤ËÌá¤Ã¤Æ, ` -s/key access password: HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO - -ID wollman s/key is 100 kh94742 -HULL NAY YANG TREE TOUT VETO - - -¸å¤Ï, Á°¾Ï¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤ÈƱÍͤǤ¹. - -¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤È´ó¤êÆ»: ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ - -

¤É¤¦¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤«¤òÀâÌÀ¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë, S/KEY ¤ò -»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤ò¸«¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤¿Êý¤¬¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - -$ telnet himalia -Trying 18.26.0.186... -Connected to himalia.lcs.mit.edu. -Escape character is '^]'. -s/key 92 hi52030 -Password: - - -¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ׵᤹¤ëÁ°¤Ë, ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ÈÖ¹æ¤È¥·¡¼¥É¤ò -ɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥Ñ -¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò·×»»¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¤Þ¤À»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ÊØÍø¤Ê -µ¡Ç½¤¬¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ËÈ÷¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹:¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, -²¿¤âÆþÎϤ»¤º¤Ë¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤È¥¨¥³¡¼¥â¡¼¥É¤ËÀÚ¤êÂؤï¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¥¿¥¤ -¥×¤·¤¿Ê¸»ú¤¬¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¸«¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï S/KEY ¤Î¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à -¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò»æ¤Ë°õºþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ê¤É, ¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¼ê¤ÇÆþÎϤ· -¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ËÆäËÌòΩ¤Äµ¡Ç½¤Ç¤¹. - -

¤³¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬º£»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤«¤é -UNIX ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë -¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ë¤Ï S/KEY ¤Î¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤ -¥à¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÍøÍѤ¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹ `(s/key required)' -¤È¤¤¤¦Ãí¼á¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë - -

¼¡¤ËÁ°¾Ï¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼ -¥É¤òÀ¸À®¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤È ` -$ key 92 hi52030 ) Á°¾Ï¤ÎÎ㤫¤é¥Ú¡¼¥¹¥È. -Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. -Enter secret password: ) ÈëÌ©¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥º¤òÆþÎÏ. -ADEN BED WOLF HAW HOT STUN - - -¤½¤·¤ÆÊ̤Υ¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ç: - - -s/key 92 hi52030 ) Á°¾Ï¤ÎÎã¤Î³¤­. -Password: ) ¤³¤³¤Ç¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤·¤¿. - (turning echo on) -Password:ADEN BED WOLF HAW HOT STUN -Last login: Wed Jun 28 15:31:00 from halloran-eldar.l -[°Ê²¼Î¬.] - - -°Ê¾å¤Î¼ê½ç¤Ï, ¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤¬ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¾ì¹ç Ê£¿ô¤Î¥ï¥ó¥¿¥¤¥à¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë - -

ÅÔ¹ç¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï, ¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ä¿®Íê¤Ç¤­¤ëÄÌ¿®Ï©¤¬°ìÀÚ³ÎÊݤǤ­¤Ê -¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¤È¤³¤í¤Ç S/KEY ¤ò»È¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, -` -$ key -n 25 57 zz99999 -Reminder - Do not use this program while logged in via telnet or rlogin. -Enter secret password: -33: WALT THY MALI DARN NIT HEAD -34: ASK RICE BEAU GINA DOUR STAG -[...] -56: AMOS BOWL LUG FAT CAIN INCH -57: GROW HAYS TUN DISH CAR BALM - - -`UNIX ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÍøÍѤòÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë - -

ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /etc/skey.access ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ UNIX ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÍø -ÍѤòÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÎȽÃÇ´ð½à¤È¤·¤Æ, ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤ò¼õ¤±ÉÕ -¤±¤ëºÝ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾, ¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾, üËö¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È, IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ê¤É¤¬ÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ -¤¹. ¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë ¤â¤· /etc/skey.access ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¤é¤Ð (FreeBSD -¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿Ä¾¸å¤Î¾õÂ֤Ǥϸºß¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó), ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ UNIX -¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. µÕ¤Ë, ¤â¤·¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð, -/etc/skey.access ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ëµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê, ¤¹¤Ù -¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï S/KEY ¤ÎÍøÍѤòÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤â, ¤½¤Î -¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤«¤é¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â UNIX ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤¹¤ë¤³ -¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - -

°Ê²¼¤Ë¤è¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦»°¼ïÎà¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò´Þ¤àÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÎã¤ò¼¨¤· -¤Þ¤¹: - - -permit internet 18.26.0.0 255.255.0.0 -permit user jrl -permit port ttyd0 - - -¤Ï¤¸¤á¤Î¹Ô (`Æó¹ÔÌÜ (`»°¹ÔÌÜ (` - - - -SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥× - -

¸¶ºî: &a.asami;8 Aug 1995. - -

Ìõ: &a.hanai;8 August 1996. - -¤³¤³¤Ë¤ÏFreeBSD¥Þ¥·¥ó¤òÀÅŪ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤²¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Î -SLIP¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤Î°ì¤Ä¤ÎÊýË¡¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤òưŪ¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë(¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¤¹¤ë¤¿¤Ó¤Ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬ -¤«¤ï¤ë)¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¤â¤Ã¤È¶Å¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. - - - -¤Þ¤º, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬¤É¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«·è¤á¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. »ä¤Ï -/dev/modem -> cuaa1¤È¤¤¤¦¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òÄ¥¤ê, -¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¤½¤Î̾Á°¤À¤±¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. /etc -¤ä.kermrc¤Ê¤É¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àÁ´ÂΤ˻¶¤é¤Ð¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò½¤Àµ¤¹¤ë -ɬÍפ¬¤Ç¤ë¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯ÈѤ路¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹!(¤³¤³¤Ç, /dev/cuaa0¤Ï -COM1¤Ç¤¢¤ê, cuaa1¤ÏCOM2¤Ç¤¹.) - -¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë - -pseudo-device sl 1 - -¤È¤¤¤¦µ­½Ò¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤ì¤ÏGENERIC¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë -¤Î¤Çºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤êÂç¾æÉפǤ·¤ç¤¦. - -ºÇ½é¤ÎÀßÄê - -

-/etc/hosts¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤È¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð - ¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. »ä¤Î¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -127.0.0.1 localhost loghost -136.152.64.181 silvia.HIP.Berkeley.EDU silvia.HIP silvia - -136.152.64.1 inr-3.Berkeley.EDU inr-3 slip-gateway -128.32.136.9 ns1.Berkeley.edu ns1 -128.32.136.12 ns2.Berkeley.edu ns2 - - ;Ã̤Ǥ¹¤¬, silvia¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï»ä¤¬ÆüËܤˤ¤¤¿»þ¤Ë»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿ - ¼Ö¤Î̾Á°¤Ç¤¹(Êƹñ¤Ç¤Ï2?0SX¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹). - -/etc/host.conf¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Ç"hosts"¤¬"bind"¤è¤ê¤âÁ°¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤³¤È - ¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤µ¤â¤Ê¤¤¤È¥Ø¥ó¤Ê¤³¤È¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - -/etc/sysconfig¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÔ½¸¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¹Ô - -hostname=myname.my.domain - - ¤òÊÔ½¸¤·¤Æ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ´°Á´¤ÊInternet¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. - -¹Ô - -network_interfaces="lo0" - -¤ò - -network_interfaces="lo0 sl0" - -¤ØÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ësl0¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¹Ô - -ifconfig_sl0="inet ${hostname} slip-gateway netmask 0xffffff00 up" - -¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æsl0¤Î¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Õ¥é¥°¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¹Ô - -defaultrouter=NO - -¤ò - -defaultrouter=slip-gateway - -¤ØÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¼¡¤Î - -domain HIP.Berkeley.EDU -nameserver 128.32.136.9 -nameserver 128.32.136.12 - - ¤È¤¤¤¦ÆâÍƤò´Þ¤à¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /etc/resolv.conf ¤òºî¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¸«¤ì¤Ð¤ï¤«¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥Û¥¹¥È¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, ¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¤ä¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î´Ä¶­¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -root¤Ètoor(µÚ¤Ó¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤Â¾¤Î¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤¹¤Ù¤Æ)¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É - ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. passwd¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. /etc/passwd - ¤ä /etc/master.passwd ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÔ½¸¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó! - -¥Þ¥·¥ó¤òºÆµ¯Æ°¤·¤ÆÀµ¤·¤¤¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ÇΩ¤Á¾å¤¬¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -SLIPÀܳ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ - -

-¥â¥Ç¥à¤òµ¯Æ°¡¢¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ã¤¿¤é¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ç"slip"¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤·, ¥Þ¥·¥ó̾¤È - ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÆþÎϤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ÆþÎϤ¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï´Ä¶­¤Ë - ¤è¤Ã¤Æ°Û¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. »ä¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Çkermit¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -# kermit setup -set modem hayes -set line /dev/modem -set speed 115200 -set parity none -set flow rts/cts -set terminal bytesize 8 -set file type binary -# The next macro will dial up and login -define slip dial 643-9600, input 10 =>, if failure stop, - -output slip\x0d, input 10 Username:, if failure stop, - -output silvia\x0d, input 10 Password:, if failure stop, - -output ***\x0d, echo \x0aCONNECTED\x0a - - (¤â¤Á¤í¤ó, ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÏÊѤ¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹). - Àܳ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ïkermit¤Î¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤Ç"slip"¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - - Ãí°Õ: ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤É¤ó¤Ê¤È¤³¤í¤Ë¤â¥×¥ì¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È - ¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Î¤Ï°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤¯¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ³Ð¸ç¤Î¾å¤Ç - ¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. »ä¤Ïñ¤ËÉÔÀº¤Ê¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - -¤³¤³¤Çkermit¤«¤éÈ´¤±½Ð¤·("z"¤Çkermit¤ò¥µ¥¹¥Ú¥ó¥É¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹), root - ¤Ç - -slattach -h -c -s 115200 /dev/modem - - ¤ÈÆþÎϤ·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤â¤·¥ë¡¼¥¿¤Î¸þ¤¦Â¦¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ø"ping"¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ê¤éÀܳÀ®¸ù¤Ç¤¹! ¤â¤·¤¦¤Þ¤¯ - ¤¤¤«¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ðslattach¤Ø¤Î°ú¿ô¤È¤·¤Æ"-c"¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë"-a"¤È¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -Àܳ¤ÎÀÚ¤êÊý - -

slattach¤ò»¦¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ëroot¤Ç "kill -INT `cat /var/run/slattach.modem.pid`" - ¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤·¤Ækermit¤ËÌá¤ê(¤â¤·kermit¤ò¥µ¥¹¥Ú¥ó¥É¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Ê¤é - "fg"), kermit¤«¤éÈ´¤±¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤("q"). - - slattach¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Ë¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òÍ¤¿¤á¤Ë - "ifconfig sl0 down"¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - »ä¤Ë¤Ïº¹¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤Þ¤¹. - ("ifconfig sl0"¤È¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤âƱ¤¸·ë²Ì¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë.) - - »þ¤Ë¤Ï¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬¥­¥ã¥ê¥¢¤òÍ¤Î¤òµñÀ䤹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó(»ä¤Î¤Ï - ¤è¤¯¤½¤¦¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹). ¤½¤Î»þ¤Ïñ¤Ëkermit¤ò¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤Þ¤¿½ªÎ» - ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ÉáÄ̤Ï2²óÌܤÇÍî¤Á¤Þ¤¹. - -¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥° - -

¤â¤·Æ°¤«¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¼«Í³¤Ë»ä¤Ë¼ÁÌ䤷¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. º£¤Þ¤Ç¤¤¤í¤ó¤Ê¿Í¤¬¤Ä¤Þ¤º¤¤¤¿ -¤Î¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - -slattach¤Ç"-c"¤ä"-a"¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿(»ä¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤³¤ì¤¬Ã×̿Ū¤Ë¤Ê¤êÆÀ¤ë¤Î¤« - ¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¤òÉÕ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¿Í¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ï²ò·è¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿.) - -"sl0"¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë"s10"¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿(¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È¤Ç¤Ï¸«Ê¬¤±¤ë¤Î¤ÏÆñ¤·¤¤ - ¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó). - -¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ò¸«¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë"ifconfig sl0"¤ò¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - »ä¤Ï, - -silvia# ifconfig sl0 -sl0: flags=10 - inet 136.152.64.181 --> 136.152.64.1 netmask ffffff00 - - ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -¤Þ¤¿, ping¤¬"no route to host"¤È¤¤¤¦¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òÊÖ¤¹»þ¤Ë¤Ï - netstat -r¤Ç¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡£ - »ä¤Î¤Ï, - -silvia# netstat -r -Routing tables -Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use IfaceMTU Rtt -Netmasks: -(root node) -(root node) - -Route Tree for Protocol Family inet: -(root node) => -default inr-3.Berkeley.EDU UG 8 224515 sl0 - - -localhost.Berkel localhost.Berkeley UH 5 42127 lo0 - 0.438 -inr-3.Berkeley.E silvia.HIP.Berkele UH 1 0 sl0 - - -silvia.HIP.Berke localhost.Berkeley UGH 34 47641234 lo0 - 0.438 -(root node) - - ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -(¤³¤ì¤Ï¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òžÁ÷¤·¤¿¸å¤Ç¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¸«¤ë¿ô»ú¤Ï¤â¤Ã¤È¾®¤µ¤¤¤«¤â -¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó). - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/slips.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/slips.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 74fb32f..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/slips.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,514 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×ÊýË¡ -

¸¶ºî: &a.ghelmer;. -v1.0, 15 May 1995. -

Ìõ: &a.ts;.6 September 1996. - -¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Ï, SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ðµ¡Ç½¤ò FreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤â¤È¤ÇÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á -¤Î½õ¸À¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ðµ¡Ç½¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï, ¥ê¥â¡¼ -¥È¤Î SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤¬¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¼«Æ°Åª¤ËÀܳ½è -Íý¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤ÏÃø¼Ô¤Î·Ð¸³¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, -¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¹½À®¤äÍ×˾¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¤é, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Îµ¿Ìä¤Ë¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤¬Åú¤¨ -¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Ê¤ª, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Î½õ¸À¤ò»î¤ß¤¿·ë²Ì, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø -¤Î°­±Æ¶Á¤ä¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î»¼º¤¬À¸¤¸¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â, Ãø¼Ô¤¬ÀÕǤ¤ò»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤» -¤ó¤Î¤Ç¤´Î»²ò¤ò¤ª´ê¤¤¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -Åö½é¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Ï, FreeBSD 1.x¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Î SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ðµ¡Ç½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë½ñ¤­¤Þ¤· -¤¿. ¤½¤Î¸å, FreeBSD 2.x¤Î½é´ü¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Î¥Ñ¥¹Ì¾¤ÎÊѹ¹¤ä SLIP¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼ -¥¹¸þ¤±°µ½Ì¥Õ¥é¥°¤Îºï½ü¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Êѹ¹ÅÀ¤òÈ¿±Ç¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ½ñ¤­´¹¤¨¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ -¤·¤¿. ¤³¤ì¤é¤¬ FreeBSD¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó´Ö¤Î¼çÍפÊÊѹ¹ÅÀ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. ¤â¤· -¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤Î´Ö°ã¤¤¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¤é, ¤¼¤Ò, ÄûÀµ¤Ë½½Ê¬¤Ê¾ðÊó¤È¤È¤â¤ËÅÅ -»Ò¥á¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤ªÃΤ餻¤¤¤¿¤À¤±¤ì¤Ð½õ¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -Á°Äó

-¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤ÎÆâÍƤϥƥ¯¥Ë¥«¥ë¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ê¤Î¤Ç, Á°ÄóÃ챤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹. ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, -TCP/IP¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÃμ±, ÆäË, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤È¥Î¡¼¥É -¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹»ØÄê¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤á, ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¥Þ¥¹¥¯, ¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È²½, ¥ë¡¼ -¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°, ¤ª¤è¤Ó RIP¤Ê¤É¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ê¤É¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÃ챤òÁ°Äó -¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç SLIPµ¡Ç½¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¤³¤ì -¤é¤Î³µÇ°¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÃ챤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¤«¤é, ¤â¤·ÉÔ°ÆÆâ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ëÊý¤Ï, -O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.¤«¤é½ÐÈǤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë Craig Hunt»á¤Î -TCP/IP Network Administration (ISBN 0-937175-82-X)¤«, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï -Douglas Comer»á¤Î TCP/IP¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë°ìÏ¢¤Î½ñÀÒ¤ò¤ªÆɤߤ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -Á°ÄóÃμ±¤Ë²Ã¤¨, ¤µ¤é¤Ë, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÀßÄ꤬´°Î»¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤½¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò·Ðͳ¤· -¤Æ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë·²¤¬Å¬Àڤ˵­½Ò¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È -²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î½àÈ÷¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, ¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤á¥À¥¤¥ä -¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×µ¡Ç½¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë¤ò¤ªÆɤߤ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. Web¥Ö¥é -¥¦¥¶¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ðhttp://www.freebsd.org/ ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥Á¥å¡¼ -¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë¤Î°ìÍ÷¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï, ¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿¾ì½ê¤òÄ´¤Ù -¤Æ, ³µÍ× - -

-°ìÈÌŪ¤ÊÀßÄêÆâÍÆ¤Ç FreeBSD¤ò SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤ÆÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤È, ¤½¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ï¼¡ -¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤º, SLIP¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ FreeBSD ¤Ë¤è¤ë SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ØÅÅÏä· -¤Æ, SLIPÀìÍÑID¤Ç¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ê¤ª, ¤³¤ÎID¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï¥·¥§¥ë¤È¤· -¤Æ /usr/sbin/sliplogin ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ¤ÎÃ椫¤é, ¥í¥°¥¤¥óID¤È°ìÃפ¹¤ë -µ­½Ò¹Ô¤òõ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤·°ìÃפ¹¤ë¹Ô¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤¿¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë²óÀþ¤ò, -ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê SLIP¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ØÀܳ¤·, ¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë¥·¥§¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È -/etc/sliphome/slip.login ¤Ç SLIP¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - -SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ø¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥óÎã - -

-²¾¤Ë SLIP¥æ¡¼¥¶ID¤¬ Shelmerg ¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤¹¤ë¤È, -/etc/master.passwd ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë -Shelmerg:password:1964:89::0:0:Guy Helmer - SLIP: - /usr/users/Shelmerg:/usr/sbin/sliplogin - - -sliplogin ¤Ï, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ¤«¤é¥æ¡¼¥¶ID¤È°ìÃפ¹¤ë¹Ô¤òõ¤·¤Þ -¤¹. ¤¤¤Þ²¾¤Ë, /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ¤Ë¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ­½Ò¤¬¤Ê¤µ -¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - -Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp - - -/etc/sliphome/slip.login ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - -/etc/sliphome/slip.login 0 19200 Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmer 0xfffffc00 autocomp - - -¤â¤·¾åµ­¤Î¼ê½ç¤¬Àµ¾ï¤Ë½èÍý¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È, /etc/sliphome/slip.login -¤Ï, slip.login ¤ÇÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤Î¤¦¤Á¤ÇºÇ½é¤ÎÃͤǤ¢¤ë SLIP -¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹0¤Ç¤¢¤ë) ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ ifconfig ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·, ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë -IP¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ (dc-slip)¤ò¤Ï¤¸¤á, ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È IP¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ -(sl-helmer), SLIP¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Þ¥¹¥¯ -(0xfffffc00), ¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Õ¥é¥° (autocomp)¤òÀßÄê -¤·¤Þ¤¹. µÕ¤Ë, ¤µ¤­¤Û¤É¤Î¼ê½ç¤¬Àµ¾ï¤Ë½ªÎ»¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç, Ä̾ï¤Ï -/var/log/messages ¤Øµ­Ï¿¤·¤Þ¤¹ ( syslogd(8) ¤ä -syslog.conf(5) ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤¦¤¨, ¤µ¤é¤Ë -/etc/syslog.conf ¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ syslogd ¤¬¤É¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Øµ­ -Ï¿¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò³Îǧ¤Î¤³¤È) . - -Îã¤Ï¤³¤Î¤¯¤é¤¤¤Ë¤·¤Æ, ¤µ¤Ã¤½¤¯¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò»Ï¤á¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - -¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - -

-FreeBSD¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤Ï, Ä̾ï, Æó¤Ä¤Î SLIP¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬ -½àÈ÷¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹ (sl0 ¤È sl1) . ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼ -¥¹¤¬»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë½àÈ÷¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, -netstat -i ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -netstat -i ¤Î½ÐÎÏÎã - - -Name Mtu Network Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll -ed0 1500 0.0.c0.2c.5f.4a 291311 0 174209 0 133 -ed0 1500 138.247.224 ivory 291311 0 174209 0 133 -lo0 65535 79 0 79 0 0 -lo0 65535 loop localhost 79 0 79 0 0 -sl0* 296 0 0 0 0 0 -sl1* 296 0 0 0 0 0 - - -netstat -i ¤Î½ÐÎÏ¤Ë sl0 ¤È sl1 ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼ -¥¹¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤«¤é, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î SLIP¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼ -¥¹¤¬ÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. (sl0 ¤È -sl1 ¤ËÉÕ¤¤¤¿¥¢¥¹¥¿¥ê¥¹¥¯¤Ï, netstat -i ¤Î¼Â¹Ô»þÅÀ¤Ç -¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬¥À¥¦¥ó¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤òɽ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ) - -¤Ê¤ª, ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥Éµ¡Ç½¤ÏFreeBSD¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ç¤ÏÀßÄê -¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¥ë¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÏÆ°ºî¤·¤Ê¤¤) . ¤â¤·¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È -Àܳ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î RFCÍ×·ï ( RFC 1009 [Requirements for -Internet Gateways], 1122 [Requirements for Internet Hosts -- -Communication Layers], and perhaps 1127 [A Perspective on -the Host Requirements RFCs] ) ¤Ë½àµò¤·¤Æ, FreeBSD¤Ë¤è¤ë SLIP¥µ¡¼ -¥Ð¤ò¥ë¡¼¥¿¤È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤¿¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, /etc/sysconfig ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -¤Î gateway ÊÑ¿ô¤ò YES ¤È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤â¤·¸Å¤¤¥·¥¹¥Æ -¥à¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë /etc/sysconfig ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó -¥É¤ò /etc/rc.local ¤ØÄɲ䷤Ƥ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding = 1 - - - -

-¤³¤Î¿·¤·¤¤ÀßÄê¤òÍ­¸ú¤È¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

-¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -(/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC) ¤ÎºÇ¸å¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ë, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹Ô¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ -¤¹. - - -pseudo-device sl 2 - - -¤³¤Î¹Ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, »ÈÍѲÄǽ¤Ê SLIP¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÁí¿ô¤¬·è¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, ¹Ô -Ëö¤Î¿ôÃͤ¬, Ʊ»þ¤ËÆ°ºî²Äǽ¤Ê SLIPÀܳ¤ÎºÇÂç¿ô¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎºÆ¹½ÃۤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¤ò»²¾È¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -Sliplogin¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - -

-¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¤´ÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë, /usr/sbin/sliplogin ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼ -¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë, 3¼ïÎà¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬/etc/sliphome ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë -¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹ (sliplogin ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï -sliplogin(8) ¤ò»²¾È¤Î¤³¤È) . ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë slip.hosts ¤Ï -SLIP¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤Î IP¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò·è¤á¤Þ¤¹. Ä̾ï, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -slip.login ¤Ï, SLIP¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤À¤±¤Ë»È -ÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. slip.logout ¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç, -slip.login ¤ÇÀßÄꤷ¤¿ÆâÍƤò, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÀܳ¤¬½ªÎ»¤·¤¿»þÅÀ¤Ç²ò½ü -¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. - -slip.hosts¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - -

-/etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ¤Ë¤Ï, ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â 4 ¤Ä¤Î¹àÌܤò¥Û¥ï¥¤ -¥È¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹ (¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ä¥¿¥Ö) ¤Ç¶èÀڤäƻØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - - SLIP¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥óID - SLIP¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë (SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¦) ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ - SLIP¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Î¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Þ¥¹¥¯ - - -¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤ª¤è¤Ó¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¤·¤Æµ­½Ò¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹ (IP¥¢¥É¥ì -¥¹¤Î·èÄê¤Ï, /etc/host.conf ¤Î»ØÄêÆâÍƤ˱þ¤¸¤Æ, -/etc/hosts ¤« DNS¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·èÄꤵ¤ì¤ë) . ¤Þ¤¿, ¥Í¥Ã¥È -¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤â /etc/networks ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ëµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤¿Ì¾Á°¤ò»²¾È¤¹ -¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, »ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÎã¤È¤·¤Æ¤¢¤²¤¿¥·¥¹ -¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Î /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ----- -# -# login local-addr remote-addr mask opt1 opt2 -# (normal,compress,noicmp) -# -Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts ------ - - -¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¹Ô¤ÎºÇ¸å¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Ë¼¨¤¹¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò°ì¤Ä°Ê¾å»ØÄê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - normal - ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤ò°µ½Ì¤·¤Ê¤¤ - compress - ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤ò°µ½Ì¤¹¤ë - autocomp - ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ë±þ¤¸¤Æ, ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤ò°µ½Ì¤¹¤ë - noicmp - ICMP¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò¶Ø»ß¤¹¤ë (ping¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÏÁ÷½Ð¤µ¤ì¤º, ¥Ð¥ó¥ÉÉý¤òÀêÍ­¤·¤Ê¤¤) - - -¤Ê¤ª, FreeBSD¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó2¤Î½é´ü¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Î ¤ÎÀá¤Ç¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿ TCP/IP´ØÏ¢½ñÀÒ¤ò»²¹Í¤Ë¤Ê¤µ¤ë¤«, -¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î IP¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ò´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÊý¤ËÁêÃ̤ʤµ¤ë¤È¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -ÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ò SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ØŬÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ç¤Ë³ä¤êÅö -¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë IP¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÈÖ¹æ¤ÎÈϰϤ«¤é¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ, Ʊ -»þ¤Ë¤½¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ÎÈÏ°ÏÆâ¤ÇÍ­¸ú¤Ê IP¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î IP -ÈÖ¹æ¤È¤·¤Æ³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤µ¤é¤Ë, ¤³¤Î SLIP¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤«¤é -SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò·Ðͳ¤·¤ÆºÇ¤â¶á¤¤ IP¥ë¡¼¥¿¤Ø¤Î·ÐÏ©¤òÀÅŪ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤«, ¤Þ¤¿ -¤Ï gated ¤ò FreeBSD¤Ë¤è¤ë SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ø¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ, ŬÅö -¤Ê¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð·Ðͳ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤Î·ÐÏ©¾ð -Êó¤ò¥ë¡¼¥¿·²¤ØÄÌÃΤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤«, ¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ -¤¹. - -¡Ö¥×¥í¥­¥· ARP¡×Êý¼°¤òºÎÍѤ¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¸þ¤±¤Î IP¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ -¤È¤·¤Æ, SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ÎÈϰϤ«¤éÁª¤ó¤Ç³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë¤È¤È¤â¤Ë, -arp(8) ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë /etc/sliphome/slip.login -¤È/etc/sliphome/slip.logout ¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò½¤Àµ¤·¤Æ, SLIP¥µ¡¼ -¥Ð¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë ARP¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ëÆâ¤Î¥×¥í¥­¥· ARP¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ØÈ¿±Ç¤µ¤»¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ -¤¹. - -slip.login¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - -

-¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /etc/sliphome/slip.login ¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤ÊÆâÍƤϼ¡¤Ë¤è¤¦¤Ë -¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.login ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90 - -# -# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6 ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.login ----- - - -¤³¤Î slip.login ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÌòÌܤÏñ¤Ë, SLIP¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ä -¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤È¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹, ¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤ò -ifconfig ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÇÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - -¤â¤·¥×¥í¥­¥· ARPÊý¼°¤òºÎÍѤ¹¤ë (SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ØÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤ò -»È¤ï¤Ê¤¤) ¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /etc/sliphome/slip.login ¤Ï¼¡¤Î -¤è¤¦¤ÊÆâÍƤˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.login for "proxy ARP" ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90 - -# -# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 inet $4 $5 netmask $6 -# Answer ARP requests for the SLIP client with our Ethernet addr -/usr/sbin/arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.login for "proxy ARP" ----- - - -¤³¤Î slip.login ¤ÇÄɲ䵤줿¹Ô -arp -s $5 00:11:22:33:44:55 pub ¤Ï, -SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë ARP¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ø¿·¤¿¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹. SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð -¤Ï, ¤³¤Î ARP¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬ºî¤é¤ì¤ë¤È, SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î IP¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÈÏä· -¤¿¤¤Â¾¤Î IP¥Î¡¼¥É¤¬Í׵ᤷ¤Æ¤­¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤â, SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð -¤Î Ethernet MAC¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÊÖ¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -¾åµ­¤ÎÎã¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤ËήÍѤʤµ¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, Îã¤Ë¤¢¤ë Ethernet MAC¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ -(00:11:22:33:44:55) ¤ò, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¼ÂºÝ¤ÎEthernet¥«¡¼ -¥É¤Î MAC¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ÈÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡Ö¥×¥í¥­¥· ARP¡×¤Ï¤¦¤Þ¤¯Æ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó! -SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î Ethernet MAC¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤Ë¤Ï netstat -i ¥³¥Þ -¥ó¥É¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¼Â¹Ô·ë²Ì¤ÎÂè2¹Ô¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. - - -ed0 1500 0.2.c1.28.5f.4a 191923 0 129457 0 116 - ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - - -¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Î Ethernet MAC¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï 00:02:c1:28:5f:4a ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È -Æɤߤޤ¹. ¤Ê¤ª arp(8) ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë MAC¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î»ØÄê¤ËºÝ¤·¤Æ¤Ï, -¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É netstat -i ¤¬ÉÕ¤±¤¿ Ethernet MAC¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¥Ô¥ê¥ª¥Éµ­ -¹æ¤ò¥³¥í¥óµ­¹æ¤ÈÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨, ¤«¤Äñ°ì·å¤Î 16 ¿Ê¿ô¤Ë¤Ï¥¼¥í¤òÀèƬ¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤ëɬ -Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î»ØÄê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÀµ³Î¤Ê¾ðÊó¤Ï arp(8) ¤ò»²¾È¤¯ -¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¤´Ãí°Õ¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ï, /etc/sliphome/slip.login ¤È -/etc/sliphome/slip.logout ¤òºîÀ®¤·¤¿¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë°À­¤Î¼Â -¹Ô¥Ó¥Ã¥È (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á -chmod 755 /etc/sliphome/slip.login /etc/sliphome/slip.logout) ¤ò -ÀßÄꤷ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤µ¤â¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð sliplogin ¤¬ -¤¦¤Þ¤¯¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -slip.logout¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - -

-¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /etc/sliphome/slip.logout ¤Ïɬ¤º¤·¤âɬÍפʤâ¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤¢ -¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó (¤¿¤À¤·¡Ö¥×¥í¥­¥· ARP¡×¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ò½ü¤¯) . ¤â¤·¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò -ºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Ë¼¨¤¹É¸½àŪ¤Ê slip.logout ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥ÈÎã¤ò -»²¹Í¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.logout ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# slip.logout - -# -# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.logout ----- - - -¡Ö¥×¥í¥­¥· ARP¡×¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¤³¤Î /etc/sliphome/slip.logout ¤ò -»È¤Ã¤Æ, ÆÃÄê¤Î SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¸þ¤±¤Î ARP¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºï½ü¤·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦ -¤Ê¤È¤­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ------ begin /etc/sliphome/slip.logout for "proxy ARP" ----- -#!/bin/sh - -# -# @(#)slip.logout - -# -# logout file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with -# the parameters: -# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n -# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args -# -/sbin/ifconfig sl$1 down -# Quit answering ARP requests for the SLIP client -/usr/sbin/arp -d $5 ------ end /etc/sliphome/slip.logout for "proxy ARP" ----- - - -¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É arp -d $5 ¤Ï, SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤¬¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤·¤¿ -ºÝ¤Ë, ¡Ö¥×¥í¥­¥· ARP¡×¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿ slip.login ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÄɲ䵤ì -¤¿ ARP¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºï½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, ·«¤êÊÖ¤·¤ÆÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤¹. ɬ¤º, -/etc/sliphome/slip.logout ¤òºîÀ®¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë, ¼Â¹Ô¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤òÀßÄꤷ -¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ ( chmod 755 /etc/sliphome/slip.logout ) . - -¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¹ÍθÅÀ - -

-¡Ö¥×¥í¥­¥· ARP¡×Êý¼°¤òÍøÍѤ»¤º¤Ë SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤È¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ -(Internet¤â´Þ¤à) ¤Î¹½À®Í×ÁǤȤδ֤ǥѥ±¥Ã¥È¤ò¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï, -SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð·Ðͳ¤Ç SLIP¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤¬Â°¤¹¤ë¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Þ¤Ç¤Î·ÐÏ©¤ò, ºÇ¤â -¶á¤¤¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿·²¤ØÀÅŪ¤Ê·ÐÏ©¾ðÊó¤È¤·¤ÆÄɲ䷤ʤ±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«, -¤Þ¤¿¤Ï gated ¤ò FreeBSD¤Ë¤è¤ë SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ø¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ, -SLIP ¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î·ÐÏ©¾ðÊó¤ò, ŬÅö¤Ê¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ç¥ë¡¼ -¥¿·²¤ØÄÌÃΤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤«¡¢¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -ÀÅŪ¤Ê·ÐÏ© - -

-ÀÅŪ¤Ê·ÐÏ©¤òºÇ¤â¶á¤¤¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿·²¤ØÄɲ乤뤳¤È¤¬º¤Æñ¤Ê¤³¤È¤¬¤¢ -¤ê¤Þ¤¹ (·ÐÏ©¾ðÊó¤òÄɲäǤ­¤ë¸¢¸Â¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤½¤â¤½¤âÉÔ²Äǽ¤È¤Ê¤ë). ¤â¤· -¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎÁÈ¿¥¤ËÊ£¿ô¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¤¢¤ë¼ï -¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿ (¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð Cisco¤ä Proteon¤Ê¤É) ¤Ï, ÀÅŪ¤Ê·ÐÏ©¤ò SLIP¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã -¥È¤Ø»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥¿¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯, ¤½¤ÎÀÅŪ·ÐÏ©¤ò -¾¤Î¤É¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿¤ØÃΤ餻¤ë¤Î¤«¤â¤¢¤é¤«¤¸¤á»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤«¤é, -ÀÅŪ·ÐÏ©¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤òµ°Æ»¤Ë¾è¤»¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤½¤ì¤Ê¤ê¤ÎÀìÌçŪµ»½Ñ¤ä¥È -¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤ä¥³¥Ä¤¬É¬ÍפÀ¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -gated¤Î²ÔƯ - -

-ÀÅŪ·ÐÏ©¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎƬÄˤؤÎÂåÂؼêÃʤÏ, gated ¤ò FreeBSD¤Ë¤è¤ë SLIP¥µ¡¼ -¥Ð¤Ø¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ, ŬÀڤʥ롼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë (RIP/OSPF/BGP/EGP) -¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ SLIP¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î·ÐÏ©¾ðÊó¤ò¾¤Î¥ë¡¼¥¿¤ØÃΤ餻¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë -ÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. gated ¤Ï, ƿ̾FTP¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, -ftp.gated.cornell.edu ¤Î /pub/gated ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤«¤é -Æþ¼ê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë¤ò¼¹É®»þÅÀ¤ÎºÇ¿·¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï -gated-R3_5Alpha_8.tar.Z ¤Ç¤¢¤ê, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤À¤±¤Ç FreeBSD¤Ç -Æ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. gated ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤Èʸ½ñ -¤Ï http://www.gated.cornell.edu/ ¤«¤é¤Ï¤¸¤Þ¤ë Web¾å¤ÇÆþ¼ê¤Ç¤­ -¤Þ¤¹. gated ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤È¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¤Ê¤é¤Ð, Æȼ«¤Î -ÀßÄê¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë /etc/gated.conf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¼¡¤Î -Îã¤Ï, É®¼Ô¤¬ FreeBSD¤Ë¤è¤ë SLIP¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëÆâÍƤÈÎà»÷¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - - ------ begin sample /etc/gated.conf for gated version 3.5Alpha5 ----- -# -# gated configuration file for dc.dsu.edu; for gated version 3.5alpha5 -# Only broadcast RIP information for xxx.xxx.yy out the ed Ethernet interface -# -# -# tracing options -# -traceoptions "/var/tmp/gated.output" replace size 100k files 2 general ; - -rip yes { - interface sl noripout noripin ; - interface ed ripin ripout version 1 ; - traceoptions route ; -} ; - -# -# Turn on a bunch of tracing info for the interface to the kernel: -kernel { - traceoptions remnants request routes info interface ; -} ; - -# -# Propagate the route to xxx.xxx.yy out the Ethernet interface via RIP -# - -export proto rip interface ed { - proto direct { - xxx.xxx.yy mask 255.255.252.0 metric 1; # SLIP connections - } ; -} ; - -# -# Accept routes from RIP via ed Ethernet interfaces - -import proto rip interface ed { - all ; -} ; - ------ end sample /etc/gated.conf ----- - - -¤³¤Î gated.conf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï, SLIP¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È -xxx.xxx.yy ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î·ÐÏ©¾ðÊó¤ò RIP¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ Ethernet¤Ø¥Ö¥í¡¼ -¥É¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤â¤· gated¤ÎÆ°ºî¤ò¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, -/var/tmp/gated.output ¤Ø¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¾ðÊó¤ò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤·¤Æ -¤¤¤Þ¤¹. gated ¤¬´õ˾Ä̤ê¤ËÆ°ºî¤·¤¿¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¤³¤Î¥È¥ì¡¼¥¹¥ª¥×¥·¥ç -¥ó¤ò»ß¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ê¤ª, Îã¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë xxx.xxx.yy ¤ò, ¤¢ -¤Ê¤¿¼«¿È¤Î SLIP¥µ¥Ö¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë´¹¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤ (¤Þ¤¿ -proto direct Éôʬ¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤â´¹¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤ò˺¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤³ -¤È) . - -gated ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤È¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬½ªÎ»¤·, ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç -¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºîÀ®¤â´°Î»¤·¤¿¤é, FreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î -routed¤ËÂå¤ï¤Ã¤Æ gated ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á -¤Ë¤Ï, /etc/netstart ¤Î routed/gated µ¯Æ°¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤ò -ŬÀÚ¤ÊÃͤËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. gated ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¥Ñ¥é¥á¥¿¤Ë¤Ä -¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï, gated ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¼Õ¼­ - -

-¤³¤Î¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤ä¥¢¥É¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò´ó¤»¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤¿¼¡¤ÎÊý¡¹ -¤Ë´¶¼Õ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/stable.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/stable.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index c1a9731..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/stable.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ - - - - -FreeBSD ¤Î°ÂÄê¾õÂ֤λý³ - -

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½ÅÍפÊÂ礭¤¤»Å»ö¤Î´ó£¤ä, ½ÅÍפʿ·¤·¤¤¥Õ¥£¡¼¥Á¥ã¡¼¤ò FreeBSD ¤ËÄɲà - ¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, Êѹ¹ÅÀ¤ò tar/uuencode ¤·¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤·¤ÆÁ÷¤ë¤«, ¤½¤ì - ¤é¤ò»ä¤¿¤Á¤Î ftp ¥µ¥¤¥È ¤Ø¥¢¥Ã¥×¥í¡¼¥É¤¹ - ¤ë¤³¤È¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤¬Ä̾ïɬÍפˤʤê¤Þ¤¹. - - ÂçÎ̤Υ³¡¼¥É¤òȼ¤Ã¤¿»Å»ö¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¥³¥Ô¡¼¥é¥¤¥È¤Î¿À·Ð²áÉÒ¤ÊÌäÂ꤬¾ï¤Ë - ½Ð¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD ¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¥³¡¼¥É¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¥é¥¤¥È¤È¤·¤Æ¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤ë¤³ - ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤Ç¤¹: - - - BSD ¥³¥Ô¡¼¥é¥¤¥È. ¤³¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¥é¥¤¥È¤Ï¡Ö¸¢Íø¤ËÇû¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡×À­³Ê - ¤È¾¦ÍÑ´ë¶È¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ°ìÈÌŪ¤ÊÌ¥ÎϤò¤â¤Ä¤¿¤á¤ËºÇ¤â¹¥¤Þ¤ì¤Þ - ¤¹. FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ï¾¦ÍÑÍøÍѤòÁˤó¤À¤ê¤»¤º, ²¿¤«¤ò - FreeBSD ¤ØÅê»ñ¤¹¤ëµ¤¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¾¦¶È´Ø·¸¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤ë»²²Ã¤òÀѶËŪ¤Ë¾©Îå - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - GNU°ìÈ̸øÍ­»ÈÍѵöÂú, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡ÖGPL¡×. ¤³¤Î¥é¥¤¥»¥ó¥¹¤Ï¥³¡¼¥É - ¤ò¾¦ÍÑÌÜŪ¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë;ʬ¤ÊÅØÎϤ¬µá¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á, »ä¤¿¤Á - ¤Ë¤¢¤Þ¤êɾȽ¤¬Îɤ¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤·¤«¤·, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï - ´û¤Ë GPL ²¼¤Î¹âÉʼÁ¤Ê¥³¡¼¥É (¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥é, ¥¢¥»¥ó¥Ö¥é, ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È - ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥¿Åù) ¤ÎÄ󶡤ò¼õ¤±¤Æ¤ª¤ê, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï¸½ºß¤½¤ì¤òɬÍ×¤È - ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á, ¤³¤Î¥é¥¤¥»¥ó¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë¿·¤¿¤Ê¹×¸¥¤òµñÀ䤹 - ¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¶ò¤«¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. GPL ²¼¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼ - ¤ÎÊ̤ÎÉôʬ, ¸½ºß¤Î¤È¤³¤í /sys/gnu ¤« - /usr/src/gnu ¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á, GPL ¤¬ÌäÂê¤È - ¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¿Í¤Ï, ï¤Ç¤â´Êñ¤Ë¤½¤ì¤È¤ï¤«¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -

¤³¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¥é¥¤¥È¤Ë¤è¤ë´ó£¤Ï, FreeBSD ¤Ø´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤ò - ¹Íθ¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë, Ãí°Õ¿¼¤¤¥ì¥Ó¥å¡¼¤ò¼õ¤±¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ºî¼Ô¤¬Æȼ« - ¤Î¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë¤òÄ̤·¤ÆÇÛÉÛ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÊѹ¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¾ï¤Ë - ¾©Î夷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â, Æä˸ÂÄêŪ¤Ê¾¦ÍѤΥ³¥Ô¡¼¥é¥¤¥È¤¬Å¬ÍѤµ¤ì¤ë´ó - £¤Ï°ìÈ̤˵ñÈݤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÎºîÉʤˡÖBSD-¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¡×¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¥é¥¤¥È¤òÉÕ¤±¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, Êݸ¤¿ - ¤¤¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î°ìÈֺǽé¤Ë°Ê²¼¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ, - `%%' ¤Î´Ö¤òŬÀڤʾðÊó¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -Copyright (c) %%ŬÀÚ¤Êǯ%% - %%¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î̾Á°%%, %%¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î½£%% %%͹ÊØÈÖ¹æ%%. All rights reserved. - -Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -are met: -1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as - the first lines of this file unmodified. -2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the - documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. - -THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY %%¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î̾Á°%% ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR -IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES -OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. -IN NO EVENT SHALL %%¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î̾Á°%% BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, -INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT -NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, -DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY -THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT -(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF -THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. - - $Id$ - -Êص¹¤ò¤Ï¤«¤ë¤¿¤á, ¤³¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤Ï¼¡¤Î¾ì½ê¤ËÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -/usr/share/examples/etc/bsd-style-copyright. - -(ÌõÃí: °Ê²¼¤Ï¿ÀÅÄÉÒ¹­»á¤è¤ê´ó£¤µ¤ì¤¿ bsd-style-copyright ¤ÎÆüËܸìÌõ¤Ç¤¹. -¥½¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¸¶Ê¸¤ÎÊý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤´ÍøÍѤ¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -¤Þ¤¿, ¸¶Ê¸¤È¤Î´Ö¤Ë¼ñ»Ý¤Îº¹°Û¤¬À¸¤¸¤¿¾ì¹ç, ¸¶Ê¸¤ÎÆâÍƤ¬ FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î -°Õ»×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Þ¤¹.) - - -Copyright (C) [ǯ] - [¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î̾Á°] All rights reserved. - -¥½¡¼¥¹¤È¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê·Á¼°¤ÎºÆÇÛÉÛ¤ª¤è¤Ó»ÈÍѤÏ, Êѹ¹¤Î̵ͭ¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º°Ê²¼¤Î -¾ò·ï¤òËþ¤¿¤¹¾ì¹ç¤Ë¸Â¤êµö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤ë: -1. ¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤ÎºÆÇÛÉÛ¤Ï, ¾åµ­¤ÎÃøºî¸¢É½¼¨¡¦¤³¤Î¾ò·ï¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¡¦²¼µ­¤Î - ÈÝǧÀ¼ÌÀʸ¤òÊÝ»ý¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤. - -2. ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê·Á¼°¤ÎºÆÇÛÉÛ¤Ï, ¾åµ­¤ÎÃøºî¸¢É½¼¨¡¦¤³¤Î¾ò·ï¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¡¦²¼µ­¤Î - ÈÝǧÀ¼ÌÀʸ¤ò, ÇÛÉÛʪ¤È¶¦¤ËÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤ëʸ½ñ¤ª¤è¤Ó/¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¾¤Î»ñÎÁ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë - ´Þ¤á¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤. - -(ÌõÃí:¤³¤³¤«¤é¡ÖÈÝǧÀ¼ÌÀʸ¡×¤Ç¤¹) - -¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï[¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î̾Á°]¤ª¤è¤Ó¹×¸¥¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ ``¤¢¤ë¤¬¤Þ¤Þ¤Î¾õÂÖ'' -¤ÇÄ󶡤µ¤ì, ¾¦ÉÊÀ­¤ÈÆÃÄê¤ÎÌÜŪ¤ËÂФ¹¤ëŬ¹çÀ­¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î°ÅÌÛ¤ÎÊݾڤËα¤Þ -¤é¤º, ¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ëÌÀ¼¨¤ª¤è¤Ó°ÅÌÛ¤ÎÊݾڤòǧ¤á¤Ê¤¤. [¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î̾Á°]¤ª¤è¤Ó¹×¸¥ -¼Ô¤Ï, ¤¢¤é¤æ¤ëľÀÜŪ¡¦´ÖÀÜŪ¡¦¶öȯŪ¡¦ÆüìŪ¡¦Åµ·¿Åª¡¦É¬Á³Åª¤Ê»³² (Âå -ÂØÀ½Éʤޤ¿¤ÏÂåÂØ¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Î³ÍÆÀÈñ; ¸úÍÑ¡¦¥Ç¡¼¥¿¡¦Íø±×¤ÎÁÓ¼º; ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¶È̳ -ÃæÃǤò´Þ¤ß, ¤Þ¤¿¤½¤ì¤À¤±¤Ëα¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤¤Â»³²) ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, ¤¿¤È¤¨¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤· -¤ÆÀ¸¤¸¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â, ¤½¤·¤Æ¤³¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î»ÈÍѤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ç¤¢¤ì -À¸¤¸¤ë, ·ÀÌó¾å¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¤È, ¸·Ì©¤ÊÀÕǤÆâ¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¤È, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÉÔÀµ¹Ô°Ù (²á -¼º¤ä¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤ò´Þ¤à) ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¤È¤â, ¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ëÀÕǤÏÀ¾å¤â, -¤¿¤È¤¨¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê»³²¤Î²ÄǽÀ­¤¬Í½¸«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â, °ìÀÚ¤ÎÀÕǤ¤ò»ý¤¿ -¤Ê¤¤. - -ËÝÌõ: ¿ÀÅÄÉÒ¹­ -¸æ¶¨ÎÏ (¸Þ½½²»½ç¡¦·É¾Îά): - ÃÓÅĸ¦Æó, ÆâÀî ´î¾Ï, ƣ¼ ±Ñ¼£, ¤à¤é¤¿¤·¤å¤¦¤¤¤Á¤í¤¦ - ÌÝÌî ²í°ì, ²£ÅÄ¡÷±§Å﵆ - - - &porting; - -¶âÁ¬, ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ -

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FreeBSD, Inc.¤Ï FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î¿ä¿Ê¤È¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ë´ë¶È¤È¤· -¤Æ¤ÎºÇ¾®¸Â¤ÎÂκۤò»ý¤¿¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤òÌÜŪ¤È¤·¤Æ, 1995ǯ¤Î½é¤á¤Ë &a.jkh ¤È -&a.davidg ¤Ë¤è¤êÀßΩ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ´óÉÕ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î»ñ¶â¤Ï (ºÇ½ªÅª¤Ë -FreeBSD, Inc.¤Ë¤è¤ê¤â¤¿¤é¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÍø±×¤âƱÍͤË) ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯ -¥È¤ÎÌÜɸ¤ò¿ä¿Ê¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤À¤±¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -»Ùʧ¤¤Àè¤ò FreeBSD, Inc. ¤È¤·¤¿¾®ÀÚ¼ê¤ò, ¼¡¤Î½»½êµ¤ÉÕ¤±¤ÇÁ÷¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - -FreeBSD, Inc. -c/o Jordan Hubbard -4041 Pike Lane, suite #D. -Concord CA, 94520 - -[»ä½ñÈ¢¤¬³«Àߤµ¤ì¤ë¤Þ¤Ç°ì»þŪ¤Ë Walnut Creek CDROM ¤Î½»½ê¤ò»ÈÍÑ] - - -ÅÅ¿®¿¶Âؤϼ¡¤Î½ê¤Þ¤ÇľÀÜÁ÷¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦: - - -Bank Of America -Concord Main Office -P.O. Box 37176 -San Francisco CA, 94137-5176 - -Routing #: 121-000-358 -Account #: 01411-07441 (FreeBSD, Inc.) - - -¤â¤· ¤ÎÀá¤Çƿ̾¤ò´õ˾¤µ¤ì¤ë -Êý¤Ï, ´óÉդκݤˤ½¤Î»Ý¤ªÅÁ¤¨¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. Thanks! - -¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Î´ó£ - -

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- - - ¤Ï, ¸À¤¤É½¤»¤Ê¤¤¤Û¤É¿¤¯¤Î´óÉÕ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿ (¾ÜºÙ¤Ï ¤ò»²¾È). - ÆäË, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¤â¤È¤â¤È¤Î¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥ê³«È¯¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë - freefall.FreeBSD.ORG, ¥Æ¥¹¥È¤ª¤è¤Ó¥Ó¥ë¥É¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë - thud.FreeBSD.ORG ¤Ç»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ËÂФ· - ´¶¼Õ¤·¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Þ¤¿Èà¤é¤Ë¤Ï, ¿ôǯ¤Ë¤ï¤¿¤ë¿§¡¹¤Ê¹×¸¥¼Ô¤Ø¤Î»ñ¶âÄ󶡤ä, ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È - ¤Ø¤Î T1 ¥³¥Í¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î̵À©¸Â»ÈÍѤòÄ󶡤·¤Æ夤¤¿²¸µÁ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤Ï, &a.joerg; ¤òº¬µ¤¤è¤¯ - ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. - Èà¤ÏËÜ¿¦¤è¤ê FreeBSD ¤Î»Å»ö¤ò¹¥¤ß¤¬¤Á¤Ç¤¢¤ê, Èà¸Ä¿Í¤ÎÀܳ¤¬¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤Ë - ÃÙ¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤êÅÓÀڤ줿¤ê¤·¤Æ»Å»ö¤Ë¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤»þ¤Ïɬ¤º interface business ¤Î - (Èó¾ï¤Ë¹â²Á¤Ê) EUnet ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥ÈÀܳ¤ËÍê¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹... - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/sup.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/sup.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index f44afec..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/sup.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,162 +0,0 @@ - - - - -SUP - -

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Ìõ: &a.iwasaki;.28 December 1996. - -SUP ¤Ï CMU ¤Ç³«È¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¹¹¿·¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤¹. -¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Ï½é¿´¼Ô¤¬ sup ¤òÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. - -SUP ¤Î¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - -

SUP ¤Ï supfile ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤é, ¼Â¹Ô¤¹ -¤ë¤Î¤ËɬÍפʾðÊó¤ò¼èÆÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÄ󶡤µ -¤ì¤ë°Û¤Ê¤ë supfile ¤Î¸«Ëܤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤ÏºÇ¿·¤Îɸ½à -FreeBSD ¥½¡¼¥¹ÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î sup ¾ðÊó¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹ - ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï -sup ¤Ë, ²¿¤Î¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¹¹¿·¤«¤Ä / ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«, ¤É -¤³¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤òÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹. Æäˤ³¤Î supfile ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë -¿Í¤Ï, ¤ò sup ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -

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standard-supfile ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î FreeBSD ÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï: - -src-base: /usr/src/... /usr/src ¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -src-bin: /usr/src/bin ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê -src-contrib: /usr/src/contrib ´ó£¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ -src-secure: /usr/src/secure DES ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹ (US/Canada ONLY) -src-eBones: /usr/src/eBones Kerberos ¤È DES (US/Canada ONLY) -src-etc: /usr/src/etc ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -src-games: /usr/src/games ¥²¡¼¥à -src-gnu: /usr/src/gnu GNU Public License ²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥½¡¼¥¹ -src-include: /usr/src/include ¥¤¥ó¥¯¥ë¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -src-sys: /usr/src/sys ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹ -src-lib: /usr/src/lib ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê -src-libexec: /usr/src/libexec ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê -src-release: /usr/src/release release ¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפʥ½¡¼¥¹ -src-share: /usr/src/share ¿§¡¹¤Ê¶¦Í­¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹ -src-sbin: /usr/src/sbin ¥·¥ó¥°¥ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê -src-tools: /usr/src/tools ¿§¡¹¤Ê´ÉÍý¥Ä¡¼¥ë -src-usrbin: /usr/src/usr.bin ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê -src-usrsbin: /usr/src/usr.sbin ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê - - -

secure-supfile ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¹ñºÝŪ¤Ê FreeBSD ÇÛÉÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï: - -src-secure: /usr/src/secure DES ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹ -src-eBones: /usr/src/eBones Kerberos ¤È DES - - -

¤Þ¤¿, Í¢½Ðµ¬À©¤Î¤¢¤ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ (¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, src-secure ¤È -src-eBones ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó) ¤ÎξÊý¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó (¹ç½°¹ñÆâ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï -¹ñ³°) ¤ò½ü¤¯, ¾åµ­¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ò´Þ¤à¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - -src-all: /usr/src ¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àÁ´ÂÎ (¤Û¤Ü¤¹¤Ù¤Æ) - - -

¤½¤·¤Æ ports ¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï: - -ports-base: /usr/ports/... /usr/ports ¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë -ports-archivers: /usr/ports/archivers ¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ó¥ó¥°¤Î¥Ä¡¼¥ë -ports-astro: /usr/ports/astro ŷʸ³Ø´ØÏ¢¤Î ports -ports-audio: /usr/ports/audio ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È -ports-benchmarks: /usr/ports/benchmarks ¥Ù¥ó¥Á¥Þ¡¼¥¯¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à -ports-cad: /usr/ports/cad CAD ¥Ä¡¼¥ë -ports-chinese: /usr/ports/chinese Ãæ¹ñ¸ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È -ports-comms: /usr/ports/comms ÄÌ¿®¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ -ports-converters: /usr/ports/converters ʸ»ú¥³¡¼¥É¥³¥ó¥Ð¡¼¥¿ -ports-databases: /usr/ports/databases ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹ -ports-devel: /usr/ports/devel ³«È¯¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ -ports-editors: /usr/ports/editors ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿ -ports-emulators: /usr/ports/emulators ¾¤Î OS ¤Î¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿ -ports-games: /usr/ports/games ¥²¡¼¥à -ports-graphics: /usr/ports/graphics ¿§¡¹¤Ê¥°¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ -ports-japanese: /usr/ports/japanese ÆüËܸ쥵¥Ý¡¼¥È -ports-korean: /usr/ports/korean ´Ú¹ñ¸ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È -ports-lang: /usr/ports/lang ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¸À¸ì -ports-mail: /usr/ports/mail ¥á¡¼¥ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ -ports-math: /usr/ports/math ¿ôÃÍ·×»»¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ -ports-mbone: /usr/ports/mbone MBone ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó -ports-misc: /usr/ports/misc ¿§¡¹¤Ê¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ -ports-net: /usr/ports/net ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥­¥ó¥°¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ -ports-news: /usr/ports/news USENET ¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ -ports-plan9: /usr/ports/plan9 Plan9 ¤«¤é¤Î¿§¡¹¤Ê¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à -ports-print: /usr/ports/print °õºþ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ -ports-russian: /usr/ports/russian ¥í¥·¥¢¸ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È -ports-security: /usr/ports/security ¤è¤ê¤è¤¤ (°­¤¤?) ¡Ö¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¡×´ØÏ¢¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ -ports-shells: /usr/ports/shells ¿§¡¹¤Ê UN*X ¥·¥§¥ë -ports-sysutils: /usr/ports/sysutils ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ -ports-textproc: /usr/ports/textproc ʸ½ñ½èÍý¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£(¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥È¥Ã¥×¥Ñ¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥·¥ó¥°¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤) -ports-vietnamese: /usr/ports/vietnamese ¥Ù¥È¥Ê¥à¸ì¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È -ports-www: /usr/ports/www WWW ´ØÏ¢¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ -ports-x11: /usr/ports/x11 X11 ¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢ - - -

¤Þ¤¿, ¾åµ­¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ò´Þ¤à¥³¥ì¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - -ports-all: /usr/ports ports ¥Ä¥ê¡¼Á´ÂÎ - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/synching.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/synching.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 2dab7b7..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/synching.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ - - - - -¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤òÄ̤¸¤¿¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤ÎƱ´ü - -

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Ìõ: &a.iwasaki;.28 December 1996. - - - -

¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥ÈÀܳ (¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÅŻҥ᡼¥ë) ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¶½Ì£¤ÎÂÐ -¾Ý¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤Î¤¢¤ë°ìÉôʬ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÁ´ÂΤκǿ·¤ò -Äɤ¤¤«¤±¤ëÊýË¡¤Ï¿§¡¹¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. »ä¤¿¤Á¤¬Ä󶡤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë´ðËÜŪ¤Ê¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Ï -CVSup ¤È CTM ¤Ç¤¹: - -

CVSup ¤ÏÌܲ¼Çä¤ê½Ð¤·Ãæ¤Ç, sup ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Îµ¡Ç½¥×¥é¥¹¦Á¤ò¤½¤Ê -¤¨, Í׵᤹¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤È¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯»ñ¸»¤Î´ÑÅÀ¤«¤é¤º¤Ã¤È -¸ú²ÌŪ¤ËÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¤¿¤á, CVSup ¤Ï FreeBSD ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ - ¤ÎÂçÉôʬ¤òÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Þ¤·¤¿. ¤Þ¤¿, sup ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë -pull Ʊ´ü¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ÇÆ°ºî¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

°ìÊý, CTM ¤Ï¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥½¡¼¥¹¤È¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¾å¤Ë -¤¢¤ë¤½¤ì¤È¤ÎÂÐÏÃŪ¤ÊÈæ³Ó¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. -¤½¤Î¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë, Á°²ó¤Î¼Â¹Ô»þ¤«¤é¤ÎÊѹ¹¤òǧ¼±¤¹¤ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤¬¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥¢¡¼¥« -¥¤¥Ö¾å¤Ç°ìÆü¤Ë¿ô²ó¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÊѹ¹¤ò compress ¤·¤ÆÄ̤·ÈÖ¹æ¤ò¿¶¤ê, -¤µ¤é¤ËÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤ÇžÁ÷¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥³¡¼¥É¤·¤Þ¤¹ (°õ»ú²Äǽ¤Ê ASCII -¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¤Î¤ß¤Ç¤¹). ¼õ¿®¤·¤¿¸å¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¡ÖCTM ¤Î¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡×¤Ï¼«Æ° -Ū¤Ë¥Ç¥³¡¼¥É, ¸¡ºº¤·¤Æ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤ËÊѹ¹¤òŬÍѤ¹¤ë -ctm_rmail(1) ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½èÍý²Äǽ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î½èÍý¤Ï CVSup ¤è¤ê¤º¤Ã¤È¸úΨ -Ū¤Ç¤¢¤ê, pull ¥â¥Ç¥ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤ê¤à¤·¤í push ¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç -¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á, »ä¤¿¤Á¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð»ñ¸»¤ÎÉé²Ù¤Ï·Ú¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¾¤Î¥È¥ì¡¼¥É¥ª¥Õ¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ CVSup ¤Ç¤¦¤Ã¤«¤ê¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö -¤Î°ìÉô¤ò¾Ã¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤â, CVSup ¤Ï²õ¤ì¤¿Éôʬ¤ò¸¡½Ð¤·¤ÆºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤¹. -CTM ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤ò¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤â¤·¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ä¥ê¡¼¤Î°ìÉô¤ò¾Ã¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤é, -°ì¤«¤é¤ä¤êľ¤·¤Æ (ºÇ¿·¤Î CVS ¡Ö¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡×¤«¤é) ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤òºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð -¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - -CVSup ¤È CTM, ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ïº£¤Ç¤Ï»þÂåÃÙ¤ì¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿ sup ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î -¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤ÎÀá¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - &ctm; - &cvsup; - ⊃ diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/term.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/term.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index b8deaa8..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/term.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,527 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëüËö - -

¸¶ºî: &a.kelly;28 July 1996 -

Ìõ: &a.max; - -¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëüËö¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Î¤½¤Ð¤Ë¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È -¤­¤ä, ¼ê¶á¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ç¤â, -FreeBSD ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤òÊØÍø¤Ë, ¤«¤Ä°Â²Á¤ËÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, -FreeBSD ¤Ë¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëüËö¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤ò²òÀ⤷¤Þ¤¹. - - üËö¤Î¼ïÎà¤ÈÍøÍÑÊýË¡ - -

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üËö¤ÎÀܳ¤Ï, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤³¤Ç, üËö¤ò -FreeBSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë (RS-232C ¥±¡¼¥Ö -¥ë¤È¤â¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹) ¤¬É¬ÍפȤʤê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ë¤Ï2¼ïÎà¤Î¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤É¤Á¤é¤Î¼ïÎà¤Î -¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤«¤Ï, ¤É¤ó¤ÊüËö¤òÀܳ¤·¤¿¤¤¤«¤Ë¤è¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¤â¤·, PC ¤òüËö¤È¤·¤ÆÍøÍѤ·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë (¥ê¥Ð¡¼¥¹¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï -¥¯¥í¥¹¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹) ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. -¥Ì¥ë¥â¥Ç¥à¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ï, ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿Æ±»Î¤äüËöƱ»Î¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÍѤ¤ -¤é¤ì¤ë¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤â¤·, ËÜʪ¤ÎüËö¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¤½¤ÎüËö¤Ë¤Ä¤¤ -¤Æ¤­¤¿¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤«¤é¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤Ù¤­¤«Ä´¤Ù¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤â -¤·¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤¬¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤Þ¤º ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ, ¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤«¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë (¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð¥¹¥È¥ì¡¼¥È¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤È¸Æ -¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹) ¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - ¤Þ¤¿, üËö¦¤È FreeBSD ¦¤Î ¥Ì¥ë¥â¥Ç¥à¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë - -

¥Ì¥ë¥â¥Ç¥à¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥ê¥Ð¡¼¥¹¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¥¯¥í -¥¹¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë) ¤Ï, ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð ``signal ground'' ¿®¹æ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¿® -¹æ¤Ï¤½¤Î¤Þ¤ÞÄ̤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¾¤Î¿®¹æ¤ÏÅÓÃæ¤ÇÆþ¤ìÂؤ¨¤ÆÄ̤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, -``send data'' ¿®¹æ¤Î¥Ô¥ó¤Ï, È¿ÂЦ¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Î ``receive data'' ¿®¹æ¤Î -¥Ô¥ó¤È·Ò¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¼«Ê¬¤Ç»È¤¦¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ï¼«Ê¬¤Çºî¤ê¤¿¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, °Ê²¼¤Ë¥¿¡¼ -¥ß¥Ê¥ë¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ëºÝ¤Ë¿ä¾©¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ì¥ë¥â¥Ç¥à¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î·ëÀþ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ -¤¹. ¤³¤Îɽ¤Ç¤Ï, RS-232C ¤Î¿®¹æÀþ¤Î̾Á°¤È, DB-25 ¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¾å¤Î¥Ô¥ó¤ÎÈÖ -¹æ¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - Signal Pin# Pin# Signal - TxD 2 ----------------------- 3 RxD - RxD 3 ----------------------- 2 TxD - DTR 20 ----------------------- 6 DSR - DSR 6 ----------------------- 20 DTR - SG 7 ----------------------- 7 SG - DCD 8 ----------------------+ 4 RTS* - *RTS 4 + + 5 CTS* - *CTS 5 +---------------------- 8 DCD - -* ¤Þ¤º, ¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿ÆâÉô¤Ç¥Ô¥ó4¤ò5¤ËÀܳ¤·, ¤½¤·¤ÆµÕ¦¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Î¥Ô¥ó8¤ÈÀÜ -³¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - ¥¹¥¿¥ó¥À¡¼¥É RS-232C ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë - -

¥¹¥¿¥ó¥À¡¼¥É¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¹¥È¥ì¡¼¥È¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë) -¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î RS-232C ¿®¹æ¤ò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤ÞÄ̤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ÊÒÊý¤Î ``send -data'' ¿®¹æ¤Î¥Ô¥ó¤Ï, µÕ¦¤Î ``send data'' ¿®¹æ¤Î¥Ô¥ó¤È·Ò¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. -¥â¥Ç¥à¤ò FreeBSD ¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤ä, °ìÉô¤ÎüËö¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤³¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î -¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Ý¡¼¥È - -

¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï, FreeBSD¤¬Æ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Èü -Ëö¤Î´Ö¤Ç¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î¤ä¤ê¤È¤ê¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤¿¤á¤ËÍѤ¤¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, -¸½ºß¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¼ïÎà¤È FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ²ò -À⤷¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¼ïÎà - -

¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ï²¿¼ïÎफ¤Î¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò¹Ø -Æþ¤·¤¿¤ê¼«ºî¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë, ¤½¤Î¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Î·Á¾õ¤¬Ã¼Ëö¤ª¤è¤Ó FreeBSD -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î·Á¾õ¤È°ìÃפ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤ÎüËö¤Ï DB25 ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÅëºÜ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD¤¬Æ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â -¤Î¤ò´Þ¤á¤Æ, PC¤Ï DB25 ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï DB9 ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÅëºÜ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È -¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, RJ-12 ¤ä RJ-45 ¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÅëºÜ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤· -¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -ÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¼ïÎà¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï, ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤­¤¿¥É¥­¥å¥á -¥ó¥È¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, ¿¤¯¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î·Á¾õ¤«¤éȽÃǤ¹¤ë¤³¤È -¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î̾Á° - -

FreeBSD¤Ç¤Ï, /dev ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÆâ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò²ð -¤·¤Æ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. 2¼ïÎà¤Î°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥¨¥ó -¥È¥ê¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - Ãå¿®ÍѤΥݡ¼¥È¤Î̾Á°¤Ï, /dev/ttyd -(ȯ¿®ÍѤΥݡ¼¥È¤Î̾Á°¤Ï, /dev/cuaa -¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ȯ¿®ÍѤΥݡ¼¥È¤ÏÉáÄÌ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÀܳ¤ËÍѤ¤, üËö¤ÎÀܳ¤Ë¤Ï -ÍøÍѤ·¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤¿¤À, ¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Þ¤¿¤ÏüËö¤¬¥­¥ã¥ê¥¢¸¡½Ð¿®¹æ¤ò»È¤¨¤Ê¤¤ -¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¤â¤Î¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ȯ¿®ÍѤΥݡ¼¥È¤ò»È¤¦¤È¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - -¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï, sio(4) ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, üËö¤ò°ì¤ÄÌܤΥ·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È (DOS ¤Ç¤¤¤¦¤È¤³¤í¤Î COM1) ¤ËÀÜ -³¤·¤¿¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, /dev/ttyd0 ¤¬¤³¤ÎüËö¤ò»Ø¤¹¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤Þ¤¿, Æó¤ÄÌܤΥ·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È (COM2) ¤Ê¤é¤Ð /dev/ttyd1 ¤È¤Ê¤ê, -°Ê²¼¤³¤Î·Á¼°¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ³Æ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È, Æä˥ޥë¥Á¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥«¡¼¥É¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë -¤¿¤á¤Ë, kernel ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À -¤µ¤¤. ¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï, ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ÀßÄê - -

¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï, üËö¤«¤é¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍ×¤Ê FreeBSD -¦¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ²òÀ⤷¤Þ¤¹. ´û¤ËüËö¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬ÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë -kernel ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤, üËö¤¬Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¹Í¤¨¤Æ, ²òÀâ¤ò¿Ê¤á -¤Þ¤¹. - -´Êñ¤Ë¸À¤¨¤Ð, ¥×¥í¥»¥¹´ÉÍý¤ä½é´ü²½¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë /etc/ttys ¤ÎÆâÍƤòÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. -¤Þ¤º, /etc/ttys ¤Ë°Ê²¼¤Î -Êѹ¹¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - üËö¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î /dev ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬´Þ¤Þ -¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¹Ô¤¬¤Þ¤À¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, ¤³¤ì¤ò /etc/ttys ¤ËÄɲ䷤Ƥ¯ -¤À¤µ¤¤. - - /usr/libexec/getty ¤¬ÂоݤȤʤë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ -¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, /etc/gettytab ¥Õ¥¡¥¤ -¥ëÆâ¤ÎŬÀÚ¤Ê ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ÂоݤȤʤë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò ``on'' ¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¤½¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¬ ``secure'' ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ -¤¤. - - /etc/ttys ¤òÆɤ߹þ¤ß¤Ê¤ª¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¯ -¤À¤µ¤¤. - - -¤Þ¤¿, ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ /etc/gettytab ¤òÊѹ¹¤·, ¾å¤Î 2¤Ç»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë -/etc/ttys ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ, ¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï, ttys(5) ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ò¤´Í÷ -¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - /etc/ttys ¤Ø¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ÎÄɲà -

´û¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ, ¤Þ¤º½é¤á¤Ë -/etc/ttys ¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÄɲ䷤ʤ±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -/etc/ttys ¤Ë¤Ï, FreeBSD¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤òµö²Ä¤¹¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î -¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð, °ì¤ÄÌܤβ¾ÁÛ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë /dev ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò, /dev ¤ÎÉôʬ -¤ò¾Êά¤·¤Æµ­½Ò¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -FreeBSD ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëÅö½é¤Î¾õÂ֤ǤÏ, /etc/ttys ¤Ëµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì -¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤ËüËö¤òÀܳ¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï, ¿·¤¿¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥È -¥ê¤òÄɲ乤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -¤³¤³¤Ç¾Ò²ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÎã¤Ç¤Ï, ´û¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë 2ÈÖÌܤΥ·¥ê -¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥È, /etc/ttys ¤« -¤éÈ´¿è¤·¤Æ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" unknown off secure -ttyd5 - - - -

¼¡¤Ë, üËö¤«¤é¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤ò½èÍý¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Î»ØÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê -¤¤¤Þ¤¹. FreeBSD¤Ç¤Ï, ɸ½àŪ¤Ë¤Ï /usr/libexec/getty ¤ò¤³¤ÎÌÜŪ -¤ÇÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. /etc/gettytab ¤«¤é -Æɤ߹þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹. - -¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /etc/gettytab ¤Ë¤Ï, ¿·µì¤ÎüËö¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¿¿ô¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê -¤¬µ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç, /etc/ttys ¤Î /etc/ttys ¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤¹. - -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" unknown off secure -ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" - -¤³¤³¤Ç, ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë 2ÈÖÌܤΥե£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬, ¥À¥Ö¥ë¥¯¥©¡¼ -¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë°Ï¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤¦¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È, -¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î»ØÄê - -

/etc/ttys ¤Î 3ÈÖÌܤΥե£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ë¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥¿¡¼ -¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×ÍѤΥݡ¼¥È¤Î¾ì¹ç -¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¤É¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤ÎüËö¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÄÌ¿®¥½¥Õ¥È¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥× -¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤«¤Ïʬ¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, /etc/ttys ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð, -¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤òɽ¼¨¤»¤º¤ËÀè¤Ë¿Ê¤à¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. - -FreeBSD ¾å¤Ç, ¤É¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤òÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¤«¤Ï, -/usr/share/misc/termcap ¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¤ª -¤è¤½ 600 ¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬ÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ɬÍפʤé¤Ð, ¿·¤¿¤Ê¥¨¥ó -¥È¥ê¤òÄɲ乤뤳¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. ¾Ü¤·¤¯¤Ï termcap(5) ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤ò¤´Í÷¤¯ -¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¾Ò²ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÎã¤Ç¤Ï, Wyse-50 ¤Î¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ï Wyse-50 ¤Ç¤¹ (¤â¤Ã -¤È¤â¾¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤ò¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï Wyse-50 ¥â¡¼ -¥É¤Ç»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. ). ¤Þ¤¿, 286¥Þ¥·¥ó¾å¤Ç¤Ï Procomm ¤¬ VT-100 ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼ -¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. °Ê²¼¤¬, ¤Þ¤À̤´°À®¤Î -/etc/ttys ¤Î´ØÏ¢Éôʬ¤Ç¤¹. - -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wy50 off secure -ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 - - - ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë -

/etc/ttys ¤Î¤Ä¤®¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É, ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê 4ÈÖÌܤΥե£¡¼ -¥ë¥É¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò¥¢¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É -¤Ë ``on'' ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È, /etc/ttys ¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ò -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wy50 on secure -ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on - - - - ``secure'' ¤Ê¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î»ØÄê -

¤È¤¦¤È¤¦ºÇ¸å¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ç¤¹. (¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤Ï¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¿¨¤ì -¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¤Ê/etc/ttys ¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ËüËö¤Î¾ì½ê¤òɽ -¤¹¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤òÄɲä·¤¿¤â¤Î¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" wy50 on insecure # Kitchen -ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom - - - /etc/ttys ¤ÎºÆÆÉ¤ß -¹þ¤ß¤ò¤µ¤»¤ë -

FreeBSD ¤ò¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤È, ºÇ½é¤Ëµ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹, /etc/ttys ¤òÆɤ߹þ¤ó¤Ç, µ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê -¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤·, ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤òÁ÷¤ê½Ð¤µ¤»¤Þ¤¹. - -/etc/ttys ¤ÎÊÔ½¸¤¬½ª¤ï¤Ã¤¿¸å, /etc/ttys ¤òÆɤ߹þ¤ß¤Ê¤ª¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -/etc/ttys ¤ÎÊѹ¹¤òÊݸ¤·¤¿¤é, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ, - -kill -HUP 1 - -(¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥° -

ºÙ¿´¤ÎÃí°Õ¤òʧ¤Ã¤ÆÀßÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤â, ¤È¤­¤Ë¤ÏüËö¤ÎÀܳ¤¬¤¦ -¤Þ¤¯¤¤¤«¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. °Ê²¼¤Ë, ¤è¤¯¸«¤é¤ì¤ëÌäÂê¤È¤½¤Î²ò·èÊýË¡ -¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - -ps -axww|grep getty - -¤½¤ÎüËö¤ËÂФ¹¤ë /etc/gettytab Ãæ¤Î -22189 d1 Is+ 0:00.03 /usr/libexec/getty std.38400 ttyd1 - - -¤â¤·, /etc/ttys ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç, ¤½¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ëÀßÄê¤ò¤·¤¿¤«¤É¤¦ -¤«³Î¤«¤á¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Þ¤¿, /etc/ttys ¤ò½¤Àµ¤· -¤Æ¤«¤é, diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/uart.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/uart.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index f358ca9..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/uart.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1093 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -UART ¤È¤Ï²¿¤«, ¤½¤·¤Æ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤« - -

Copyright © 1996 &a.uhclem;, All Rights Reserved. -13 January 1996. -

Ìõ: &a.saeki;, &a.iwasaki;. -11 November 1996. - - - -

( ¤³¤³¤«¤é¤Ï &a.saeki; ¤¬ËÝÌõ¤òôÅö) - - ÈÆÍÑÈóƱ´üÁ÷¼õ¿®¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥é (UART) ¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÄÌ¿® - ¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¸°¤È¤Ê¤ëÉôÉʤǤ¹. UART ¤Ï²¿¥Ð¥¤¥È¤«¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¼õ¤±¤È¤ê, - ¤³¤ì¤ò 1 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤º¤Ä½çÈÖ¤ËÁ÷¿®¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¼õ¿®Â¦¤Ç¤Ï, ¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤Î UART ¤¬ - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥ÈÎó¤ò´°Á´¤Ê¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÎó¤ËÁȤßΩ¤Æľ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëžÁ÷¤Ï, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ä¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿´Ö¤ÎÈó¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯·¿¤ÎÄÌ¿®, - ¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¹­¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëžÁ÷¤Ë¤Ï¼ç¤ËƱ´ü¤ÈÈóƱ´ü¤È¤¤¤¦Æó¤Ä¤Î·Á¼°¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹: - ÄÌ¿®¥µ¥Ö¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î̾Á°¤Ï, ¤½¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ç¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ÄÌ¿®¥â¡¼¥É¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÊѲ½¤·¤Þ¤¹. - Ä̾ï, ÈóƱ´üÄÌ¿®¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ïʸ»ú "A" ¤ò´Þ¤ß, - Ʊ´üÄÌ¿®¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ïʸ»ú "S" ¤ò´Þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹. - °Ê²¼¤ÇξÊý¤Î·Á¼°¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¾Ü¤·¤¯ÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Ä̾ï»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëά¹æ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÄ̤ê¤Ç¤¹: -UART ÈÆÍÑÈóƱ´üÁ÷¼õ¿®ÁõÃÖ (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) -USART ÈÆÍÑƱ´ü-ÈóƱ´üÁ÷¼õ¿®ÁõÃÖ (Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) - - - Ʊ´ü¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëžÁ÷ - -

Ʊ´ü¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëžÁ÷¤Ç¤Ï, Á÷¿®Â¦¤È¼õ¿®Â¦¤¬¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤ò¶¦Í­¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤µ¤â¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, Á÷¿®Â¦¤¬¥¹¥È¥í¡¼¥Ö¤Þ¤¿¤Ï - ¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥¿¥¤¥ß¥ó¥°¿®¹æ¤ò¶¡µë¤·¤Æ, ¼õ¿®Â¦¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î¼¡¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ò - ¤¤¤Ä¡ÖÆɤ߹þ¡×¤á¤Ð¤è¤¤¤Î¤«¤òÃΤ餻¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤ÎƱ´ü¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÄÌ¿®¤Ç¤Ï, ¾ï¤Ë²¿¤é¤«¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬Å¾Á÷¤µ¤ì³¤±¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á, žÁ÷¤Î¥¿¥¤¥ß¥ó¥°¤Þ¤Ç¤ËÁ÷¿®¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬ÍѰդǤ­¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, - Ä̾ï¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë¡ÖËä¤áÁð¡× (fill character) ¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - Ʊ´üÄÌ¿®¤Ç¤Ï, Á÷¿®Â¦¤È¼õ¿®Â¦¤È¤Î´Ö¤Ç¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Î¤ß¤¬Å¾Á÷¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á, - Ʊ¤¸¥Ó¥Ã¥È®ÅÙ¤ÎÈóƱ´ü¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÄÌ¿®¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¸úΨŪ¤Ç¤¹. - ¤·¤«¤·, Á÷¿®Â¦¤È¼õ¿®Â¦¤Ç¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¿®¹æ¤ò¶¦Í­¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë;ʬ¤ÊÅÅÀþ¤È - ²óÏ©¤¬É¬ÍפȤʤë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, ¤è¤ê¥³¥¹¥È¹â¤È¤Ê¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ä¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ç¤âƱ´üžÁ÷¤Î°ì¼ï¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¤È¤­¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬ 1 ÁȤߤÎÅÅÀþ¤ÇÁ÷¤é¤ì¤ë°ìÊý, ¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¿®¹æ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï - ¥¹¥È¥í¡¼¥Ö¿®¹æ¤¬Ê̤ÎÅÅÀþ¤ÇÁ÷¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ä¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ÏÄ̾ï, ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹µ¬³Ê¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤òÁ÷¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î - Àþ¤È¤ÏÊ̤˥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¹¥È¥í¡¼¥Ö¿®¹æ¤òÁ÷¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÀþ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, - ¥¹¥È¥í¡¼¥Ö 1 ²óËè¤Ë°ì¤Ä¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿Á´ÂΤòÁ÷¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - PC »º¶È³¦¤Ç¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È¤·¤ÆÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - PC ¤Îɸ½àŪ¤Ê¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÄÌ¿®¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤Ï, Ʊ´ü¥â¡¼¥É¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ - ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤³¤ÇƱ´ü¥â¡¼¥É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤Î¤Ï, ÈóƱ´ü¥â¡¼¥É¤È¤Î - Èæ³Ó¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë²á¤®¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - - ÈóƱ´ü¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëžÁ÷ - -

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RS-232C ¤Ç¤Ï, "1" ¤ÎÃͤò¡Ö¥Þ¡¼¥¯¡×, "0" ¤ÎÃͤò¡Ö¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¡×¤È - ¸Æ¤Ó¤Þ¤¹. ÄÌ¿®Ï©¤Ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬Î®¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤»þ, ²óÀþ¤Ï¡Ö¥Þ¡¼¥­¥ó¥°¡× - ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤«, "1" ¤ÎÃͤòϢ³¤·¤ÆžÁ÷¤·Â³¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤«¸À¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¾ï¤Ë "0" (¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹) ¤Ç, - ¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¾ï¤Ë "1" (¥Þ¡¼¥¯) ¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ï, ¤¿¤È¤¨Ê£¿ô¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬Ï¢Â³¤·¤ÆžÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â, - ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎžÁ÷³«»Ï»þ¤Ë¤Ïɬ¤º, ¥Þ¡¼¥¯ (1) ¤«¤é - ¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹ (0) ¤Ø¤ÎÁ«°Ü¤¬²óÀþ¾å¤Çµ¯¤³¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ, žÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÎÆâÍƤˤ«¤«¤ï¤é¤º, - Á÷¿®Â¦¤È¼õ¿®Â¦¤Î¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤òƱ´ü¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤È¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Î´Ö¤Î¶õ¤­»þ´Ö¤Ï, ¤½¤ÎÄÌ¿®Ï©¤Ç - 1 ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤òžÁ÷¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ËɬÍפʻþ´Ö¤ÎÀµ³Î¤ÊÇÜ¿ô¤Ç¤¢¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - (ÇÜ¿ô¤Ë¤Ï¥¼¥í¤ò´Þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹). ¤·¤«¤·, ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î UART ¤Ç¤Ï - À߷פÎñ½ã²½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë, ÇÜ¿ô¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀ߷פµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - RS-232C ¤Ç¤Ï, ¡Ö¥Þ¡¼¥¯¡×¿®¹æ ("1") ¤Ï -2V ¤«¤é -12V ¤Î´Ö¤ÎÅÅ°µ¤Ç, - ¡Ö¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¡×¿®¹æ ("0") ¤Ï 0V ¤«¤é +12V ¤Î´Ö¤ÎÅÅ°µ¤Ç¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - Á÷¿®Éô¤Ï +12V ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï -12V ¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ¼õ¿®Éô¤Ç¤Ï - Ť¤¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ë¤¤¤¯¤é¤«¤ÎÅÅ°µ¥í¥¹¤òµöÍƤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÄê¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - (¥Ý¡¼¥¿¥Ö¥ë¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ê¤É¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë) Äã¾ÃÈñÅÅÎϥǥХ¤¥¹¤Î - Á÷¿®Éô¤Ç¤Ï ¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð +5V ¤È -5V ¤Î¤ß¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, - û¤¤¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð, ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÅÅ°µ¤â RS-232C ¼õ¿®Éô¤Î - µöÍÆÈϰϤËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -RS-232C ¤Î¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¿®¹æ - -

RS-232C ¤Ï¡Ö¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¡×¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¿®¹æ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤âÄê¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï (¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤â¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤â̵¤·¤Ç) Ϣ³¤·¤Æ - ¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ÎÃͤòÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇȯÀ¸¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿²óÏ©¤ËÅÅή¤¬Î®¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - ²óÀþ¤Ï¡Ö¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¡×¤òÁ÷¤ê³¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - ¡Ö¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¡×¿®¹æ¤Ï´°Á´¤Ê 1 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤È¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È, ¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×, ¥Ñ¥ê¥Æ¥£ - ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤òÁ÷¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפʻþ´Ö¤è¤ê¤âŤ¤´Ö³¤«¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î UART ¤Ï¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥ß¥ó¥°¥¨¥é¡¼¤È¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¤ò¶èÊ̤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ - ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤â¤·¤â ¤³¤ì¤ò¶èÊ̤Ǥ­¤Ê¤¤ UART ¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç, - ¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥ß¥ó¥°¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¸¡½Ð¤ò¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¤Î¼±Ê̤Τ¿¤á¤Ë - »ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Æ¥ì¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î»þÂå¤Ë¤Ï, ¹ñÃæ¤Ç¤ª¤Ó¤¿¤À¤·¤¤¿ô¤Î¥Æ¥ì¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬ - (¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Ê¤É¤Ç) ÅÅÀþ¤ÇľÎó¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. - Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥Æ¥ì¥¿¥¤¥×¥æ¥Ë¥Ã¥È¤Ï, ÅÅή¤¬Î®¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë°ì»þŪ¤Ë²óÏ©¤ò - ¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡Ö¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¡×¿®¹æ¤òȯÀ¸¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ¾¤Î¥Æ¥ì¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬¾ðÊó¤òÁ÷¿®¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë´Ö¤Ë, ¶ÛµÞ¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¤ò - Á÷¤ëɬÍפΤ¢¤ë¥Æ¥ì¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤ò¤«¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - ¸½ºß¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¿®¹æ¤Ë¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤â¤·¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¿®¹æ¤¬ 1.6 Éäè¤ê¤âŤ±¤ì¤Ð, ¤½¤ì¤Ï - ¡Ö¥â¥Ç¥à¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬¤³¤Î¿®¹æ¤ò¸¡½Ð¤¹¤ë¤È, ÄÌ¿®¤ò½ªÎ»¤·¤ÆÅÅÏäòÀڤ俤ê, - ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥â¡¼¥É¤ËÆþ¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤â¤·¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¿®¹æ¤¬ 1.6 Éäè¤ê¤âû¤±¤ì¤Ð, ¤½¤ì¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¤ò - ¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¿®¹æ¤Ë±þÅú¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î»Å»ö¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤Î·Á¤Î¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¤Ï, ¤·¤Ð¤·¤ÐÃí°Õ´­µ¯¤Þ¤¿¤Ï³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¿®¹æ¤È¤·¤Æ - »È¤ï¤ì, ASCII ¤Î CONTROL-C ʸ»ú¤ÎÂåÍѤȤµ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤È¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ï»æ¥Æ¡¼¥×¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Î¡Ö·ê¶õ¤­¡×¤È¡Ö·ê̵¤·¡×¤Ë - ÁêÅö¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - ¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥¯¿®¹æ¤Ï, »æ¥Æ¡¼¥×¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÎ󤫤éÀ¸À®¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤ - ¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¥Ð¥¤¥ÈÎó¤Ï¾ï¤Ë¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ä - ¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤È¤È¤â¤ËÁ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹. - UART ¤Ë¤ÏÄ̾ï, ¥Û¥¹¥È¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤«¤é¤ÎÆÃÊ̤ʥ³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤è¤ê - Ϣ³¤·¤¿¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¿®¹æ¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ëǽÎϤ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -RS-232C ¤Î DTE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ª¤è¤Ó DCE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ - -

RS-232C µ¬³Ê¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤ÎÁõÃÖ¤òÄê¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - ¤½¤ì¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ëÁõÃÖ (DTE) ¤È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥­¥ã¥ê¥¢ÁõÃÖ (DCE) ¤Ç¤¹. - Ä̾ï, DTE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ï¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿) ¤Ç, DCE ¤Ï - ¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ç¤¹. ÅÅÏòóÀþ¤ò²ð¤·¤¿ÄÌ¿®¤Î¤â¤¦°ìÊý¤Îü¤Ç¤¢¤ë¼õ¿®Â¦¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤â - ¤Þ¤¿ DCE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç, ¤½¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ï - DTE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ç¤¹. DCE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¿®¹æ¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¥Ô¥ó¤Ï DTE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬ - ¿®¹æ¤òÁ÷¤ë¥Ô¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ê, ¤Þ¤¿µÕ¤âƱÍͤǤ¹. - - Æó¤Ä¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¤È¤â¤Ë DTE ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤ê, ¤È¤â¤Ë DCE ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ, - ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ä¤½¤ì¤ËÎà»÷¤·¤¿¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢ÊÑ´¹ÁõÃÖ¤ò²ð¤µ¤º¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬ - ¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¥Ì¥ë¥â¥Ç¥à (NULL modem) ¤ò»È¤ï¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¥Ì¥ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ï¥±¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤òÅŵ¤Åª¤ËºÆÇÛÎó¤·, °ìÊý¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÁ÷¿®½ÐÎϤ¬ - ¤â¤¦°ìÊý¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¼õ¿®ÆþÎϤËÀܳ¤µ¤ì, ¤½¤ÎµÕ¤â¤Þ¤¿Æ±ÍÍ¤Ë - Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - ƱÍͤÎÊÑ´¹¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÀ©¸æ¿®¹æ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬ - ¾Êý¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤«¤é¤Î DCE (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï DTE) ¿®¹æ¤ò¼õ¤±¤È¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - DTE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤È DCE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÇÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ë¿®¹æ¤Î¿ô¤ÏÅù¤·¤¯¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - DTE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬ DCE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¿®¹æ¤Î¿ô¤Ï, - DTE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬ DCE ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤«¤é¼õ¤±¤È¤ë¿®¹æ¤Î¿ô¤è¤ê¤â - ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -RS-232C ¤Î¥Ô¥ó³äÅö¤Æ - -

EIA ¤Î RS-232C µ¬³Ê (¤ª¤è¤Ó¤³¤ì¤ËÁêÅö¤¹¤ë ITU ¤Î V.24 µ¬³Ê) ¤Ï - 25 ¥Ô¥ó¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿ (Ä̾ï DB25 ¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹) ¤òÍ׵ᤷ, - ¤½¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Î¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥Ô¥ó¤Î»ÈÍÑÌÜŪ¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - IBM PC ¤ª¤è¤ÓÎà»÷¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï, RS-232C ¿®¹æ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¤¬ - 9 ¥Ô¥ó¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿ (DB9) ¤ÇÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¼ç¤ËƱ´ü¥â¡¼¥É¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¿®¹æ¤Ï PC ¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Ë¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, - ¤â¤È¤â¤È ¤³¤ÎžÁ÷¥â¡¼¥É¤Ï IBM ¤¬ IBM PC ¤Ç»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤¿ - UART ¤Ç¤Ï¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¥á¡¼¥«¡¼¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï RS-232C ÍѤΥ³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Ë DB25 ¤« DB9, - ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤½¤Îξ¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - (IBM PC ¤Ï¥Ñ¥é¥ì¥ë¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤â DB25 ¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤ò - »È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ï ¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ðº®Íð¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤·¤Þ¤¹.) - - °Ê²¼¤Ï DB25 ¤ª¤è¤Ó DB9 ¥³¥Í¥¯¥¿¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë RS-232C ¿®¹æ¤Î³ä¤êÅö¤Æɽ¤Ç¤¹. - - -DB25 DB9 EIA CCITT °ìÈÌ ¿®¹æ¸» ÀâÌÀ -RS-232C IBM PC ²óÏ© ²óÏ© ̾¾Î -ü»Ò ü»Ò Éä¹æ Éä¹æ - -1 - AA 101 PG/FG --- ÊÝ°ÂÍÑÀÜÃÏ -2 3 BA 103 TD DTE Á÷¿®¥Ç¡¼¥¿ -3 2 BB 104 RD DCE ¼õ¿®¥Ç¡¼¥¿ -4 7 CA 105 RTS DTE Á÷¿®Í×µá -5 8 CB 106 CTS DCE Á÷¿®²Ä -6 6 CC 107 DSR DCE ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥»¥Ã¥È¥ì¥Ç¥£ -7 5 AV 102 SG/GND --- ¿®¹æÍÑÀÜÃÏ -8 1 CF 109 DCD/CD DCE ¼õ¿®¥­¥ã¥ê¥¢¸¡½Ð -9 - - - - - ͽÌó (¥Æ¥¹¥ÈÍÑ) -10 - - - - - ͽÌó (¥Æ¥¹¥ÈÍÑ) -11 - - - - - ̤³äÅö¤Æ -12 - CI 122 SRLSD DCE ½¾¶É¼õ¿®¥­¥ã¥ê¥¢¸¡½Ð -13 - SCB 121 SCTS DCE ½¾¶ÉÁ÷¿®²Ä -14 - SBA 118 STD DTE ½¾¶ÉÁ÷¿®¥Ç¡¼¥¿ -15 - DB 114 TSET DCE Á÷¿®¿®¹æ¥¨¥ì¥á¥ó¥È¥¿¥¤¥ß¥ó¥° -16 - SBB 119 SRD DCE ½¾¶É¼õ¿®¥Ç¡¼¥¿ -17 - DD 115 RSET DCE ¼õ¿®¿®¹æ¥¨¥ì¥á¥ó¥È¥¿¥¤¥ß¥ó¥° -18 - - 141 LOOP DTE ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ð¥Ã¥¯ -19 - SCA 120 SRS DTE ½¾¶ÉÁ÷¿®Í×µá -20 4 CD 108.2 DTR DTE ¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ã¼Ëö¥ì¥Ç¥£ -21 - - - RDL DTE ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Ç¥¸¥¿¥ë¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ð¥Ã¥¯ -22 9 CE 125 RI DCE Èï¸Æɽ¼¨ -23 - CH 111 DSRS DTE ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¿®¹æ®ÅÙÁªÂò -24 - DA 113 TSET DTE Á÷¿®¿®¹æ¥¨¥ì¥á¥ó¥È¥¿¥¤¥ß¥ó¥° -25 - - 142 - DCE ¥Æ¥¹¥È¥â¡¼¥É - - - - ¥Ó¥Ã¥È, ¥Ü¡¼, ¤½¤·¤Æ¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë - -

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COMTEST ¤«¤é¤ÎÁê°ãÅÀ¤Îñ½ã¤Ê¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤¬, ²¿¤ÎÁê°ãÅÀ¤¬½ÅÍפǤ¢¤ê - ¤É¤ì¤¬¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¿¤¯¤òÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤·¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤òÍý²ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È - ¤¬ÂçÀڤǤ¹. Î㤨¤Ð, Æ⢤ΠUART ¤ò»ý¤Ä¾åµ­¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÇÊó¹ð¤µ¤ì - ¤¿Áê°ãÅÀ¤ÎÌóȾʬ¤¬, 5µÚ¤Ó6¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¥â¡¼¥É¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤¥¯ - ¥í¡¼¥ó¤Î UART ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. ËÜʪ¤Î 16550, 16450 ¤½¤· - ¤Æ 8250 UART ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥â¡¼¥É¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·, COMTEST ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é¤Î - ¥â¡¼¥É¤Îµ¡Ç½À­¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç, 50¤ò±Û¤¨¤ëÁê°ãÅÀ¤¬Êó¹ð¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - ¤·¤«¤·, 5µÚ¤Ó6¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¥â¡¼¥É¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÏËؤɤʤ¯, - Æäˤˤ³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥¨¥é¡¼½¤Àµ¤È°µ½Ìµ¡Ç½ÉդΤâ¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï5µÚ¤Ó6¥Ó¥Ã¥È - ¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¥â¡¼¥É¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤¿Áê°ãÅÀ¤Ïº¹¤·°ú¤¤¤Æ¹Í¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤³¤È - ¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - COMTEST ¤¬Êó¹ð¤·¤¿Áê°ãÅÀ¤Î¿¤¯¤Ï, ¥¿¥¤¥ß¥ó¥°¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¿¤¯¤Î¥¯¥í¡¼¥ó¤ÎÀ߷פǤÏ, ¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬°ì¤Ä¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤«¤éÆɤ߹þ¤ó¤À»þ¤Ë¾ - ¤Î¤¢¤ë¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï, ËÜÅö¤Î NS16550AFN ¤ÈƱ¤¸ - Ťµ¤Î»þ´ÖÆâ¤Ç¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤ (¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï®¤¯, ¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤ÏÃÙ¤¯) ¤«¤â¤·¤ì - ¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, COMTEST ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÁê°ãÅÀ¤òõ¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ÏÁê°ãÅÀ¤Î¿ô¤Ï¸í - ²ò¤ò¾·¤­°×¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. ¤¢¤ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Ë¤Ï°ì¤Ä¤«Æó¤Ä¤ÎÁê°ãÅÀ¤·¤«¤¢¤ê¤Þ - ¤»¤ó¤¬¤½¤ì¤é¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë½ÅÂ礫¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤Þ¤¿Ê̤ΥǥХ¤¥¹¤Ï´ð½àÉôÉÊ - ¤ÈÈæ¤Ù¤Æ®¤¯¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÃÙ¤¯ status ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë (ŬÀڤ˽ñ¤« - ¤ì¤¿¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤ÎÁàºî¤Ë¤Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯±Æ¶Á¤·¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó) ¿¤¯¤ÎÁê°ãÅÀ¤ò - Êó¹ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - * ¤³¤Îʸ½ñ¤ÎÃø¼Ô¤Ïº£¤Þ¤Ç, COMTEST ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤ÆÁê°ãÅÀ¤¬¥¼¥í - ¤ÈÊó¹ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¡¦¥»¥ß¥³¥ó¥À¥¯¥¿°Ê³°¤ÎÉôÉʤò°ì¤Ä¤âȯ¸«¤·¤Þ¤» - ¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. ¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¡¦¥»¥ß¥³¥ó¥À¥¯¥¿¤ÏĹǯ¤ËÅϤê 16550 ¤Î¸Þ¤Ä¤Î¥Ð¡¼ - ¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ºÇ¿·¤ÎÉôÉʤϵ¡Ç½À­¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥Ù¥ó¥Á¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤ò¹Íθ - ¤·¤¿¸Å¤¤ NS16550AFN ¤È¾¯¤·°Û¤Ê¤ë¿¶¤ëÉñ¤¤¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤¹¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç - ¤¹. COMTEST ¤Ï¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¡¦¥»¥ß¥³¥ó¥À¥¯¥¿¤ÎÀ½Éʥ饤¥ó¤ÎÁê°ãÅÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤ - ¤Æ¤Ï¸«¤Æ¸«¤Ì¤Õ¤ê¤ò¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê, ÉôÉʤΥê¥Ó¥¸¥ç¥ó A, B ¤½¤·¤Æ C - ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Ð¥°¤¬µ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸ø¼°¤ÊÀµ¸íɽ¤¬¤¢¤ë»þ¤Ç¤â, (¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î - 16550 ¤ò½ü¤¤¤Æ¤Ï) ¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¡¦¥»¥ß¥³¥ó¥À¥¯¥¿¤ÎÉôÉʤˤĤ¤¤Æ¥¨¥é¡¼¤ò - Êó¹ð¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤Î COMTEST ¤Î¤Ò¤¤¤­¤ò¹Íθ¤Ë¤¤¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. - - COMTEST ¤ÏÌäÂê¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤¹¤«¤âÃΤì¤Ê¤¤, ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÆüì¤Ê¥±¡¼¥¹¤È¤·¤Æ½è - Íý¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ÀøºßŪ¤ËÌ·½â¤·¤¿ÉôÉʤθºß¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, ´ÉÍý¼Ô¤Ë·Ù - ¹ð¤ò½Ð¤¹¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥°¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤È¤·¤Æ»ÈÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤â¤·¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¤¢¤ë 16550 ¤ä¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥ÈÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ë - ÂФ·¤Æ COMTEST ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¥â¥Ç¥à¤¬¥Æ¥¹¥È¥­¥ã¥é¥¯¥¿¤ò¥¨¥³¡¼¤· - ¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤ËºÇ½é¤Ë ATE0&W ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¥â¥Ç¥à¤Ëȯ¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ - ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤ò˺¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç, COMTEST ¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¤³¤ÎÁê°ãÅÀ¤ò - Êó¹ð¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦: - Error (6)...Timeout interrupt failed: IIR = c1 LSR = 61 - - 8250/16450/16550 ¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿ - -

8250/16450/16550 UART ¤ÏȬ¤Ä¤ÎϢ³¤¹¤ë I/O ¥Ý¡¼¥È¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òͽÌó - ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. IBM PC ¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎȬ¤Ä¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÆó¤Ä¤ÎÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿ - °ÌÃÖ¤¬¤¢¤ê, ¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï½¸¹çŪ¤Ë COM1 ¤È COM2 ¤È¤·¤ÆÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. PC - ¥¯¥í¡¼¥ó¤È¥¢¥É¥ª¥ó¥«¡¼¥É¤Î¥á¡¼¥«¡¼¤Ï COM3 ¤È COM4 ¤È¤·¤ÆÃΤé¤ì¤ëÆó¤Ä - ¤ÎÉÕ²ÃŪ¤ÊÎΰè¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, ´ö¤Ä¤«¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é¤Î;ʬ¤Ê - COM ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï¾¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤È¾×Æͤ·¤Þ¤¹. ºÇ¤â¤è¤¯µ¯¤­¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï IBM - 8514 ¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄ󶡤¹¤ë¥Ó¥Ç¥ª¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤È¤Î¾×ÆͤǤ¹. - - -COM1 ¤Ë¤Ï 0x3f8 ¤«¤é 0x3ff ¤¬³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì, Ä̾ï IRQ 4 ¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹ -COM2 ¤Ë¤Ï 0x2f8 ¤«¤é 0x2ff ¤¬³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì, Ä̾ï IRQ 3 ¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹ -COM3 ¤Ë¤Ï 0x3e8 ¤«¤é 0x3ef ¤¬³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì, IRQ ¤Ïɸ½à²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó -COM4 ¤Ë¤Ï 0x2e8 ¤«¤é 0x2ef ¤¬³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì, IRQ ¤Ïɸ½à²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó - -

8250/16450/16550 UART ¤ÎI/O¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ËÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -I/O µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤¿ ÀâÌÀ -¥Ý¡¼¥È ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹ - -+0x00 write Transmit Holding Register (THR) - (DLAB==0) ¤³¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¾ðÊó¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ì¿Îá¤È¤·¤Æ - ½èÍý¤µ¤ì, UART ¤Ë¤è¤êÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -+0x00 read Receive Buffer Register (RBR) - (DLAB==0) ¥·¥ê¥¢¥ëÀܳ¤«¤é UART ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î - ¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ì¿Îá¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÆɤळ¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥Û¥¹ - ¥È¤Ë¤è¤ê¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - -+0x00 write/read Divisor Latch LSB (DLL) - (DLAB==1) ¥Þ¥¹¥¿ÆþÎÏ¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î¼þÇÈ¿ô¤ò¤³¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤ËÆþ¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¤¤ëÃͤdzä¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê, UART ¤Î¼þÇÈ¿ô¤¬·èÄê - ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹ (IBM PC¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î¼þÇÈ¿ô¤Ï - 1.8432MHz¤Ç¤¹). ¤³¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤Ë¤Ï¾åµ­¤Î½ü¿ô¤Î²¼ - °Ì8¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - -+0x01 write/read Divisor Latch MSB (DLH) - (DLAB==1) ¥Þ¥¹¥¿ÆþÎÏ¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î¼þÇÈ¿ô¤ò¤³¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤ËÆþ¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¤¤ëÃͤdzä¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê, UART ¤Î¼þÇÈ¿ô¤¬·èÄê - ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹ (IBM PC¤Ç¤Ï, ¥Þ¥¹¥¿¥¯¥í¥Ã¥¯¤Î¼þÇÈ¿ô¤Ï - 1.8432MHz¤Ç¤¹). ¤³¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤Ë¤Ï¾åµ­¤Î½ü¿ô¤Î¾å - °Ì8¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -+0x01 write/read Interrupt Enable Register (IER) - (DLAB==0) 8250/16450/16550 ¤Î UART ¤Ï¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤ò»Í¤Ä¤Î¥«¥Æ - ¥´¥ê¤Î°ì¤Ä¤ËʬÎष¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¤ÏÀß - Äê²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¤Ï, ¤É¤ó¤ÊÎà¤Î¥¤ - ¥Ù¥ó¥È¤ÎȯÀ¸»þ¤Ë³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄê²Ä - ǽ¤Ç¤¹. 8250/16450/16550 ¤Î UART ¤Ï, Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥«¥Æ¥´¥êÆâ¤Ç¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Î¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤Æ¤¤ - ¤ë¤«¤Ë´Ø¤ï¤é¤º, ñ°ì¤Î³°Éô³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤òÀ¸ - À®¤·¤Þ¤¹. ³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤Ë±þÅú¤·Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë³ä¤ê - ¹þ¤ß¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê (Ä̾魯¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ - ¤¤¤ë³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹) ¤ò³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤ÎËÜÅö¤Î¸¶°ø - ¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥Ý¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¤¹¤ë¤«¤Ï, ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥× - ¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¼¡Âè¤Ç¤¹. - - Bit 7 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 6 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 5 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 4 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 3 Enable Modem Status Interrupt (EDSSI) - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ò¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, - °ì¤Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¾õÂ֥饤¥ó¤ÇÊѹ¹¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿»þ - ¤Ë, UART ¤¬³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤òÀ¸À®²Äǽ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ - ¤¹. - - Bit 2 Enable Receiver Line Status - Interrupt (ELSI) - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ò¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, Æþ¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¯¤ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ë¥¨¥é¡¼ (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï BREAK ¥· - ¥°¥Ê¥ë) ¤¬¸¡ÃΤµ¤ì¤¿»þ¤Ë, UART ¤¬³ä¤ê - ¹þ¤ß¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 1 Enable Transmitter Holding Register - Empty Interrupt (ETBEI) - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ò¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, - UART ¤ËÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë°ì¤Ä°Ê¾å¤ÎÉÕ²ÃŪ¤Êʸ - »ú¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¶õ¤­¤¬À¸¤¸¤¿»þ¤Ë, UART ¤¬³ä - ¤ê¹þ¤ß¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 0 Enable Received Data Available - Interrupt (ERBFI) - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ò¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, - UART ¤¬ FIFO ¤Î¥È¥ê¥¬¡¼¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ò±Û¤¨ - ¤ë½½Ê¬¤Êʸ»ú¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤«, FIFO ¤Î¥¿¥¤ - ¥Þ¤¬´ü¸ÂÀÚ¤ì¤È¤Ê¤ë¤« (¸Å¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥Ç¡¼¥¿), - FIFO ¤¬Ìµ¸ú¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¥·¥°¥Ê¥ëʸ»ú¤¬¼õ¿® - ¤µ¤ì¤¿»þ¤Ë, UART ¤¬³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë - ¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -+0x02 write FIFO Control Register (FCR) - (¤³¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ï 8250 ¤È 16450 ¤Î UART ¤Ç¤Ï - ¸ºß¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó.) - - Bit 7 Receiver Trigger Bit #1 - Bit 6 Receiver Trigger Bit #0 - ¤³¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï FIFO ¤¬µ¡Ç½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ¾ì¹ç¤Ë¥ì¥·¡¼¥Ð¤¬¤É¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤òÀ¸ - À®¤¹¤ë¤«¤òÀ©¸æ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - 7 6 ³ä¤ê¹þ¤ßÀ¸À®Á°¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤ÎÌ¿Î᤬ - ¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿¤«. - - 0 0 1 - - 0 1 4 - - 1 0 8 - - 1 1 14 - - Bit 5 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 4 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 3 DMA Mode Select - Bit 0 ¤¬¡Ö1¡× (FIFO Í­¸ú) ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ - ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï -RXRDY ¤È - -TXRDY ¤Î½èÍý¤ò Mode 0 ¤«¤é Mode 1 ¤Ø - Êѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 2 Transmit FIFO Reset - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ë¡Ö1¡×¤¬½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì - ¹ç, FIFO ¤ÎÆâÍƤÏÇË´þ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¸½ºßÁ÷ - ¿®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÌ¿Îá¤Ï»¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤º¤ËÁ÷ - ¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ÏÁ÷¿®Ãæ»ß¤Î¾ì - ¹ç¤ËÌò¤ËΩ¤Á¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 1 Receiver FIFO Reset - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ë¡Ö1¡×¤¬½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì - ¹ç, FIFO ¤ÎÆâÍƤÏÇË´þ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¸½ºß - shift ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿Æâ¤ÇÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù - ¤Æ¤ÎÌ¿Îá¤Ï»¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤º¤Ë¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç - ¤¦. - - Bit 0 16550 FIFO Enable - ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, Á÷¿® / ¼õ¿®Î¾Êý¤Î - FIFO ¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. holding ¥ì¥¸¥¹ - ¥¿, shift ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤Þ¤¿¤Ï FIFO Æâ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ - ¤ÎÆâÍƤÏ, FIFO ¤¬Í­¸ú¤Þ¤¿¤Ï̵¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã - ¤¿»þÅÀ¤Ç¼º¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - -+0x02 read Interrupt Identification Register (IIR) - - Bit 7 FIFOÍ­¸ú. - 8250/16450 UART ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¥¼¥í. - - Bit 6 FIFOÍ­¸ú. - 8250/16450 UART ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¥¼¥í. - - Bit 5 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë0. - - Bit 4 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë0. - - Bit 3 Interrupt ID Bit #2 - 8250/16450 UART ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¥¼¥í. - Bit 2 Interrupt ID Bit #1 - Bit 1 Interrupt ID Bit #0 - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î3¤Ä¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¿Ê¹ÔÃæ¤Î³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß - ¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤·¤¿¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤Î¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¤òÊ»¤» - ¤ÆÊó¹ð¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¤ÏÍ¥ÀèÅÙ - ¤ò»ý¤Ä¤¿¤á, ¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤ÎÊ£¿ô¤Î¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¤¬ - Ʊ»þ¤ËȯÀ¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç, UART ¤ÏºÇ½é¤ËºÇ¤â - ½ÅÍפʥ¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤òÊó¹ð¤·, ¥Û¥¹¥È¤ÏÊó¹ð¤µ - ¤ì¤¿½ç¤Ë²ò·è¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¸½ºß¤Î³ä¤ê¹þ - ¤ß¤ò°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤·¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¤Ï, ¿·¤· - ¤¤³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤¬À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ë²ò·è¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤± - ¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó (¤³¤ì¤Ï PC ¤Î¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯ - ¥Á¥ã¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ç¤¹). - - 2 1 0 Í¥ÀèÅÙ ÀâÌÀ - - 0 1 1 First ¥ì¥·¡¼¥Ð¥¨¥é¡¼ - (OE, PE, BI ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï - FE) - - 0 1 0 Second Í­¸ú¤Ê¼õ¿®¥Ç¡¼¥¿ - - 1 1 0 Second ¥È¥ê¥¬¡¼¥ì¥Ù¥ë - ¼±ÊÌ»Ò - (¼õ¿®¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡Ãæ¤Î - ¸Å¤¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿) - - 0 0 1 Third ¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ß¥Ã¥¿¤Ë - Ì¿ÎáÍѤζõ¤­¤¬¤¢¤ë - (THRE) - - 0 0 0 Fourth ¥â¥Ç¥à¤Î¾õÂÖ¤¬ - ÊѤï¤Ã¤¿ (-CTS, - -DSR, -RI, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï - -DCD) - - Bit 0 Interrupt Pending Bit - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬¡Ö0¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, - ¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â°ì¤Ä¤Î³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤¬¥Ú¥ó¥Ç¥£¥ó¥° - ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -+0x03 write/read Line Control Register (LCR) - - Bit 7 Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) - ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, transmit/receive - register (THR/RBR) ¤È Interrupt Enable - Register (IER) ¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¬Ìµ¸ú¤Ë¤Ê - ¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¸½ºß¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ø¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¢ - ¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ï Divisor Latch Register ¤Ø¥ê¥À - ¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÎÀßÄê, - Divisor Register ¤Î¥í¡¼¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°, ¤½¤· - ¤Æ DLAB ¤Î¥¯¥ê¥¢¤Ï³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¤¬Ìµ¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾õÂ֤Ǥª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹. - - Bit 6 Set Break - ¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ß¥Ã - ¥¿¤Ï¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬¡Ö0¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¤Þ¤Ç - ¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤òÀÚ¤êÌܤʤ¯Á÷¿®¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï - Á÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ËÍ¥Àè - ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 5 Stick Parity - parity ¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã - ¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï¥Ó¥Ã¥È4¤ÎÃͤ˴ð¤Å¤­ parity - ¤ò¾ï¤Ë¡Ö1¡×¤«¡Ö0¡×¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 4 Even Parity Select (EPS) - parity ¤¬Í­¸ú¤Ç¥Ó¥Ã¥È5¤¬¡Ö0¡×¤Î¾ì¹ç, - ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï¶ö¿ô parity ¤¬Á÷¿®¤½ - ¤·¤ÆÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤± - ¤ì¤Ð´ñ¿ô parity ¤¬»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 3 Parity Enable (PEN) - ¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ÎºÇ - ¸å¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤È¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Î´Ö¤Ë - parity ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ÁÞÆþ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤Þ¤¿ UART - ¤Ï¼õ¿®¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë parity ¤òÍ׵᤹ - ¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - Bit 2 Number of Stop Bits (STB) - ¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, 5-bit ¥Ç¡¼ - ¥¿Ì¿Îá¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ, 1.5¤Î Stop ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ - Á÷¿®¤µ¤ì³Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ì¿ÎáÆâ¤ËÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤Þ - ¤¹. 6, 7 ¤½¤·¤Æ 8-bit ¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ì¿Îá¤ËÂФ· - ¤Æ¤Ï, 2¤Ä¤Î Stop ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬Á÷¿®¤µ¤ìÍ×µá - ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬¡Ö0¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì - ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, 1¤Ä¤Î Stop ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬³Æ¥Ç¡¼ - ¥¿Ì¿Îá¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 1 Word Length Select Bit #1 (WLSB1) - - Bit 0 Word Length Select Bit #0 (WLSB0) - ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¶¦¤Ë³Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿Ì¿ÎáÆâ¤Î¥Ó¥Ã - ¥È¤Î¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - 1 0 Ì¿ÎáĹ - - 0 0 5 Data Bits - 0 1 6 Data Bits - 1 0 7 Data Bits - 1 1 8 Data Bits - -+0x04 write/read Modem Control Register (MCR) - - Bit 7 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 6 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 5 ͽÌóºÑ¤ß, ¾ï¤Ë 0. - - Bit 4 Loop-Back Enable - ¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, UART ¤Î¥È¥é - ¥ó¥¹¥ß¥Ã¥¿¤È¥ì¥·¡¼¥Ð¤Ï¿ÇÃǽèÍý¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë - ÆâÉôŪ¤ËÁê¸ß¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ÉÕ¤±²Ã¤¨¤Æ - UART ¤Î¥â¥Ç¥àÀ©¸æ½ÐÎϤϥâ¥Ç¥àÀ©¸æÆþÎÏ - ¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. CTS ¤Ï RTS ¤Ø, DTR ¤Ï - DSR¤Ø, OUT 1 ¤Ï R1 ¤Ø, OUT 2 ¤Ï DCD ¤Ø - ³Æ¡¹Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 3 OUT 2 - ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤¬ high ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï low - ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦Êä½õŪ¤Ê½ÐÎÏ. IBM PC - ¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥¢¥À¥×¥¿ (¤È¥¯¥í¡¼¥ó¤ÎËؤÉ) - ¤Ç¤Ï, OUT 2 ¤Ï 8250/16450/16550 UART - ¤«¤é¤Î³ä¤ê¹þ¤ß¿®¹æ¤ò¥Ï¥¤¥¤¥ó¥Ô¡¼¥À¥ó¥¹ - (̵¸ú) ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 2 OUT 1 - ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤¬ high ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï low - ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦Êä½õŪ¤Ê½ÐÎÏ. IBM PC - ¤Î¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥¢¥À¥×¥¿¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î½ÐÎϤϻÈÍÑ - ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - Bit 1 Request to Send (RTS) - ¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, UART ¤Î - -RTS ¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î½ÐÎÏ¤Ï Low (Í­¸ú) ¤È¤Ê¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 0 Data Terminal Ready (DTR) - ¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, UART ¤Î - -DTR ¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î½ÐÎÏ¤Ï Low (Í­¸ú) ¤È¤Ê¤ê - ¤Þ¤¹. - - -+0x05 write/read Line Status Register (LSR) - - Bit 7 Error in Receiver FIFO - 8250/16450 UART ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¥¼¥í - ¤Ç¤¹. FIFO¤ÎÃæ¤Ë¼¡¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¾ò·ï¤¬°ì¤Ä°Ê - ¾å´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡Ö1¡× - ¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹: PE, FE, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï BI. - - Bit 6 Transmitter Empty (TEMT) - ¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, Á÷¿® FIFO - ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÁ÷¿® shift ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿Ãæ¤Ë»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤ - ¤ëÌ¿Îá¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ß¥Ã¥¿¤Ï´° - Á´¤ËƯ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - Bit 5 Transmitter Holding Register Empty (THRE) - ¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç, ¸½ºß FIFO - (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï holding ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿) ¤Ë¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È - ¤â°ì¤Ä¤ÎÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤ëÉÕ²ÃŪ¤ÊÌ¿Îá¤ËÂФ¹¤ë - ¶õ¤­¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄê - ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ï, ¿ʬ¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥ß¥Ã¥¿¤Ï¤Þ - ¤ÀÁ÷¿®¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 4 Break Interrupt (BI) - ¥ì¥·¡¼¥Ð¤Ï Break ¥·¥°¥Ê¥ë¤ò¸¡ÃΤ·¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - Bit 3 Framing Error (FE) - Start ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬¸¡ÃΤµ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬, Stop - ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤ÏÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤¿»þ´ÖÆâ¤Ë¤Ï¸½¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó - ¤Ç¤·¤¿. ¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿Ì¿Îá¤Ï¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¾¡¼ê¤Ë - ²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 2 Parity Error (PE) - parity ¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿Ì¿Îá¤ËÂФ·¤Æ - ÉÔÀµ¤Ç¤¹. - - Bit 1 Overrun Error (OE) - ¿·¤·¤¤Ì¿Î᤬¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì, ¼õ¿®¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤Ë¶õ - ¤­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿. shift ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤Ë - ¿·¤¿¤ËÅþÃ夷¤¿Ì¿Îá¤ÏÇË´þ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - 8250/16450 UART ¤Ç¤Ï, holding ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿ - Æâ¤ÎÌ¿Îá¤ÏÇË´þ¤µ¤ì¿·¤¿¤ËÅþÃ夷¤¿Ì¿Îá¤Ï - holding ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 0 Data Ready (DR) - °ì¤Ä°Ê¾å¤ÎÌ¿Î᤬¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬Æɤà¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¼õ - ¿® FIFO ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¤¬ÀßÄꤵ - ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤Ë, Ì¿Îá¤Ï´°Á´¤Ë¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì shift - ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤«¤é FIFO (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 8250/16450 - ¤ÎÀß·×¤Ç¤Ï holding ¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿) ¤Ø°ÜÆ°¤µ - ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - -+0x06 write/read Modem Status Register (MSR) - - Bit 7 Data Carrier Detect (DCD) - UART ¤Î DCD ¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î¾õÂÖ¤òÈ¿±Ç¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 6 Ring Indicator (RI) - UART ¤Î RI ¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î¾õÂÖ¤òÈ¿±Ç¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 5 Data Set Ready (DSR) - UART ¤Î DSR ¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î¾õÂÖ¤òÈ¿±Ç¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 4 Clear To Send (CTS) - UART ¤Î CTS ¥é¥¤¥ó¤Î¾õÂÖ¤òÈ¿±Ç¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 3 Delta Data Carrier Detect (DDCD) - ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ MSR ¤¬ºÇ¸å¤ËÆɤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì - ¤¿»þÅÀ¤«¤é, -DCD ¥é¥¤¥ó¤¬¾õÂÖ¤ò°ì²ó°Ê - ¾åÊѤ¨¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 2 Trailing Edge Ring Indicator (TERI) - ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ MSR ¤¬ºÇ¸å¤ËÆɤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì - ¤¿»þÅÀ¤«¤é, -RI ¥é¥¤¥ó¤¬ low ¤«¤é high - ¤Ø°Ü¤êÊѤï¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ - ¤¹. - - Bit 1 Delta Data Set Ready (DDSR) - ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ MSR ¤¬ºÇ¸å¤ËÆɤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì - ¤¿»þÅÀ¤«¤é, -DSR ¥é¥¤¥ó¤¬¾õÂÖ¤ò°ì²ó°Ê - ¾åÊѤ¨¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - Bit 0 Delta Clear To Send (DCTS) - ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ MSR ¤¬ºÇ¸å¤ËÆɤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì - ¤¿»þÅÀ¤«¤é, -CTS ¥é¥¤¥ó¤¬¾õÂÖ¤ò°ì²ó°Ê - ¾åÊѤ¨¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡Ö1¡×¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - - -+0x07 write/read Scratch Register (SCR) - ¤³¤Î¥ì¥¸¥¹¥¿¤Ï UART ¤Ç¤Ïµ¡Ç½¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤Î¾ì½ê - ¤Ë¤Ï ¤É¤ó¤ÊÃͤǤâ¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ½ñ¤­¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤³ - ¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­, ¤½¤Î¸å¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÆɤ߹þ¤à¤³¤È¤¬²Ä - ǽ¤Ç¤¹. - - - 16550A UART ¤ò±Û¤¨¤Æ - -

¥Ê¥·¥ç¥Ê¥ë¡¦¥»¥ß¥³¥ó¥À¥¯¥¿¤ÏÉÕ²ÃŪ¤Êµ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Ä 16550 ¤È¸ß´¹ - À­¤Î¤¢¤ëÉôÉʤòÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬, ¿§¡¹¤Ê¾¤Î¥Ù¥ó¥À¤¬¤½¤ì¤ò»ý¤Ã - ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÉôÉʤδö¤Ä¤«¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Ëµ­½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¸ú²ÌŪ - ¤Ë¤³¤ì¤é¤Î²þÎɤò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ËؤɤΥݥԥå¥é¡¼¤Ê¥ª¥Ú¥ì¡¼¥Æ¥£ - ¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬ 16550 ¤¬Ä󶡤¹¤ëµ¡Ç½°Ê¾å¤Î¤â¤Î¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Ê¤¤ - ¤¿¤á, ¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤Ï¥Á¥Ã¥×¥Ù¥ó¥À¤«¤éÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò - Íý²ò¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - -ST16650¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ÎÉôÉÊ¤Ï NS16550A ¤È»÷¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ³È - Ä¥¤µ¤ì¤¿32¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ÎÁ÷¼õ¿®¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÇÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤Ç - ¤­¤Þ¤¹. Startech ¤Ë¤è¤êÀ½Â¤¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - -TIL16660¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤ÎÉôÉÊ¤Ï NS16550A ¤ÈÎà»÷¤·¤¿¿¶Éñ¤¤¤ò - ¤·¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ³ÈÄ¥¤µ¤ì¤¿64¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ÎÁ÷¼õ¿®¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò¥ª¥×¥·¥ç - ¥ó¤ÇÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. Texas Instruments ¤Ë¤è¤êÀ½Â¤¤µ¤ì¤Þ - ¤·¤¿. - -Hayes ESP¤³¤ÎÀìÇäÆõö¤Î¥×¥é¥°¥¤¥ó¥«¡¼¥É¤Ï, 2048¥Ð¥¤¥È¤ÎÁ÷¼õ - ¿®¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò´Þ¤ß, 230.4Kbit/sec ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥ì¡¼¥È¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼ - ¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹. Hayes ¤Ë¤è¤êÀ½Â¤¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - - - -

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¡Ö¥À¥à¡×UART ¤Ë²Ã¤¨, ¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥Ù¥ó¥À¤¬¥¤¥ó¥Æ¥ê¥¸¥§ - ¥ó¥È¥·¥ê¥¢¥ë¥³¥ß¥Ë¥å¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Ü¡¼¥É¤òÀ½Â¤¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³ - ¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤ÎÀ߷פÏÄ̾ï¥Þ¥¤¥¯¥í¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤òÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê, ¤³¤Î¥Þ¥¤ - ¥¯¥í¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤Ï´ö¤Ä¤«¤Î UART ¤Ø¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿ - ¤ò½èÍý / ¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¥ê¥ó¥°¤·, ¤½¤·¤ÆɬÍפʻþ¤Ë¥á¥¤¥ó¤Î PC ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥Ã - ¥µ¤Ø·Ù¹ð¤ò½Ð¤·¤Þ¤¹. UART ¤Ï¤³¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥³¥ß¥Ë¥å¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥· - ¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ PC ¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥Ã¥µ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆľÀÜ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á, - ¥Ù¥ó¥À¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï 8250, 16450, ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 16550 UART ¤È¸ß´¹À­¤Î¤¢¤ë - UART ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤êÀß·×¼Ô¤Ï, ¤è¤êÎɤ¤ - À­Ç½ÆÃÀ­¤ò»ý¤ÄÉôÉʤ¬¼«Í³¤ËÍøÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹. - - - diff --git a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/userppp.sgml b/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/userppp.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 9f617ae..0000000 --- a/share/doc/ja_JP.EUC/handbook/userppp.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,791 +0,0 @@ - - - - -¥æ¡¼¥¶ PPP ¤ÎÀßÄê

¥æ¡¼¥¶ PPP ¤Ï FreeBSD 2.0.5-RELEASE ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ, - ´û¸¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¼ÂÁõÈǤΠPPP ¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤ÆƳÆþ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿. - ¤½¤ì¤Ç¤Ï, ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î pppd ¤È¤Î°ã¤¤, ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á - ¤³¤Î¿·¤·¤¤ PPP ¤¬Äɲ䵤줿Íýͳ¤È¤Ï ¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤¤²¿¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«? - ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¤«¤é°úÍѤ·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤¹: - - - ¤³¤ì¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¥×¥í¥»¥¹ PPP ¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ç¤¹. - Ä̾ï, PPP ¤Ï (Î㤨¤Ð pppd ¤Ç¤½¤¦¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë) ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î°ìÉô¤È¤·¤Æ - ¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥°¤äÆ°ºî¤ÎÊѹ¹¤¬¾¯¡¹º¤Æñ¤Ç¤¹. - ¤·¤«¤·, ¤³¤Î¼ÂÁõ¤Ç¤Ï, PPP ¤Ï¥È¥ó¥Í¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð (tun) ¤Î - ½õ¤±¤Ë¤è¤ê, ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤È¤·¤Æ¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - ËܼÁ¤È¤·¤Æ, ¤³¤ì¤Ï¾ï¤Ë PPP ¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤ª¤«¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â, - ɬÍפʻþ¤Ë ppp ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤È¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿Á÷¼õ¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë°ìÈ̤Υȥó¥Í¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò - »È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¿¤á, PPP ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤ó¤Ç¤ª¤¯ - ɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶ ppp ¤È¾¤Î PPP ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È/¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤È¤ò - ¶èÊ̤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Î¤Ç, ¥æ¡¼¥¶ ppp ¤òñ¤Ë ppp ¤È¤À¤±¸Æ¤Ó¤Þ¤¹. - ÆäËÃǤé¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê, ¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï root ¸¢¸Â¤Ç - ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - Ìõ¼ÔÃí: °ÊÁ°¤ÎÆüËܸì¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¤Ï, iij-ppp ¤Î¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¤Ë - Éí°¤¹¤ëÆüËܸì¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Î»²¾È¤ò¤ª¤¹¤¹¤á¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿. - ¤·¤«¤·ºÇ¶á¤Ç¤Ï FreeBSD Æȼ«¤Î³ÈÄ¥¤¬¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤ÈÄɲ䵤ì, ¤â¤È¤â¤È¤Î - iij-ppp ¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤Ï¥«¥Ð¡¼¤·¤­¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤ÆÍè¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Ç¤¹¤¬¿´ÇۤϤ¤¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. ÆüËܸì¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤«¤é - FreeBSD ¤ÎÆüËܸìÈǥޥ˥奢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤¬ÇÛÉÛ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. - ¤³¤Á¤é¤â¥Ï¥ó¥É¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¤È¤¢¤ï¤»¤Æ»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¤ª¤¹¤¹¤á¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¤ÎÁ°¤Ë - -

¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬ - ¤ª¤è¤½°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾õ¶·¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹: - - PPP Àܳ¤Î»È¤¨¤ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À (ISP) ¤Î¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤ò - »ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë. ¤µ¤é¤Ë, ÀܳºÑ¤ß¤Î¥â¥Ç¥à (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤½¤Î¾¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹) ¤¬¤¢¤ê, - ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤È¤ÎÀܳ¤¬²Äǽ¤Ê¤è¤¦¤ËÀµ¤·¤¯ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë. - - °Ê²¼¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò¼ê¤ËÆþ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦: - - - ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹. - ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤È¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¤½¤³¤ËÀܳ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ, - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È¤È¤·¤ÆÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤¹. - - ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯ÀßÄê. ¤â¤·ÉÔÌÀ¤Ê¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, - ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤È¤·¤Æ 0xffffff00 ¤ò²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - °ì¤Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹. Ä̾ï, Æó¤Ä¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬ - ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤«¤é¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤â¤·¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤¬¸ÇÄê¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ê¤é, - ƱÍͤˤ½¤ì¤âɬÍפˤʤë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð, ¤É¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ÈϰϤ«¤é - IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤¬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤ë¤«¤òÃΤäƤª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤â¤·ÈϰϤ¬¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤·¤Æ¤â, Ǥ°Õ¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò - ¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹ (¸å¤ÇÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹). - - - ¤â¤·¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¾ðÊó¤Î¤¦¤ÁÉÔÌÀ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤ËÏ¢Íí¤·¤Æ - ³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - ¤³¤ì¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤Æ, ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤ÎÀܳ¤Ï¾ï»þ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯, - ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð (named(8)) ¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, /etc/resolv.conf¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î - ÀßÄê¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¾ðÊó¤Ï̵»ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -ppp Âбþ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î¹½ÃÛ - -

ÀâÌÀ¤Ç¤â½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë, ``ppp'' ¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Î ``tun'' ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á, ¤³¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤« - ³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤«¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - - ¤³¤ì¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê - (¤ª¤½¤é¤¯¤Ï /sys/i386/conf) ¤Ë°ÜÆ°¤·¤Æ, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹. °Ê²¼¤Î¹Ô¤¬¤É¤³¤«¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - pseudo-device tun 1 - - - ¸µ¡¹¤Î GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ïɸ½à¤Ç¤³¤ì¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, - ¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê, - /sys ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ²¿¤âÊѹ¹¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤³¤Î¹Ô¤¬¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê, - tun ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬°ì¤Ä¤Ç¤Ï­¤ê¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç (Î㤨¤Ð, Ʊ»þ¤Ë 16 ËܤΠ- ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥× ppp Àܳ¤ò½èÍý¤Ç¤­¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤ë¤È¤·¤¿¤é, - ``1'' ¤Î¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë ``16'' ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦), ¤³¤Î¹Ô¤òÄɲä·¤Æ - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎºÆ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤È¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤ì¤«¤é¤³¤Î¿·¤·¤¤¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Ö¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, - - ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç, ¸½ºß¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë - ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤Î¥È¥ó¥Í¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬ÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹: - - - # ifconfig -a - tun0: flags=8051 mtu 1500 - inet 200.10.100.1 --> 203.10.100.24 netmask 0xffffffff - tun1: flags=8050 mtu 576 - tun2: flags=8051 mtu 1500 - inet 203.10.100.1 --> 203.10.100.20 netmask 0xffffffff - tun3: flags=8050 mtu 1500 - - - ¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¥È¥ó¥Í¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬»Í¤Ä¤¢¤Ã¤Æ, ¤¦¤ÁÆó¤Ä¤ËÀßÄ꤬¤ª¤³¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ - ¸½ºß»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

¥È¥ó¥Í¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º, ²¿¤é¤«¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ç - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÎºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â, ÊýË¡¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ưŪ¤Ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. ¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï - modload(8) ¤ä lkm(4) ¤Ê¤É, ŬÀڤʥޥ˥奢¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

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¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï ``tun'' ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹ (tun0) ¤¬°ì¤Ä¤¢¤ì¤Ð½¼Ê¬¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤è¤ê¿¤¯¤Î¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç (¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Çµ¿»÷¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤Î¹Ô¤Ë `1' °Ê³°¤Î¿ôÃͤò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç), - °Ê²¼¤Î ``tun0'' ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë»²¾È¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤Æ, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬»È¤¦¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ÎÈÖ¹æ¤Ë - ¤¢¤ï¤»¤ÆÆɤߤ«¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - tun0 ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤¹¤ëºÇ¤â´Êñ¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï, - ¤½¤ì¤òºî¤êľ¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - # cd /dev - # ./MAKEDEV tun0 - - -

¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë 16 ¸Ä¤Î¥È¥ó¥Í¥ë¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤òÁȤ߹þ¤ó¤À¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, - tun0 ¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯Â¾¤Î tun ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤âºîÀ®¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦: - - - # cd /dev - # ./MAKEDEV tun0 tun1 tun2 tun3 tun4 tun5 tun6 tun7 tun8 tun9 - # ./MAKEDEV tun10 tun11 tun12 tun13 tun14 tun15 - - -

¤Þ¤¿, ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«Ä´¤Ù¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, - °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê½ÐÎϤ¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - $ ifconfig tun0 - tun0: flags=8050 mtu 1500 - $ - - -PPP ¤Î̾Á°²ò·è¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÀßÄê - -

¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð (resolver) ¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥­¥ó¥°¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î°ìÉôʬ¤Ç, IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È - ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È¤ÎÊÑ´¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò - Âбþ¤µ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤ò, Æó¤Ä¤Î¾ì½ê¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î°ì¤Ä¤«¤éõ¤¹¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - °ì¤Ä¤á¤Ï/etc/hosts (man 5 hosts) ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¹. - Æó¤Ä¤á¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹ (DNS) ¤È¤è¤Ð¤ì¤ë - ʬ»¶¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹¤¬, ¤³¤ì¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëµÄÏÀ¤Ï¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Î°·¤¨¤ëÈϰϤò - ±Û¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤Ï¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄêÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ´Êñ¤ËÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ´û¤Ë DNS ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, ¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏÈô¤Ð¤·¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤Ï̾Á°¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤Î½¸¹çÂΤǤ¹. ¤¿¤À¤· - ¤É¤³¤«¤é¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°¾ðÊó¤òÆÀ¤ë¤Î¤«¤Ï, ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬»Ø¼¨¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï¤Þ¤º/etc/host.conf¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - º®Íð¤Î¸µ¤Ç¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò/etc/hosts.conf¤È - ¸Æ¤ó¤À¤ê¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó (;ʬ¤Ê ``s'' ¤¬¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤Í). - -/etc/host.conf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÊÔ½¸ - -

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î 2 ¹Ô¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹: - - - hosts - bind - - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ºÇ½é¤Ë/etc/hosts¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÄ´¤Ù, - Ìܻؤ¹Ì¾Á°¤¬¸«¤Ä¤«¤é¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð DNS ¤ò°ú¤­¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤è¤¦¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð¤Ë»Ø¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -/etc/hosts(5) ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÊÔ½¸ - -

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¾å¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È - ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹. ºÇÄã¤Ç¤â ppp ¤òÆ°ºî¤µ¤»¤ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬ - ´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬ foo.bar.com ¤Ç, - IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬ 10.0.0.1 ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È²¾Äꤹ¤ë¤È, /etc/hosts¤Ï - °Ê²¼¤Î¹Ô¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó: - - - 127.0.0.1 localhost - 10.0.0.1 foo.bar.com foo - - - °ì¤Ä¤á¤Î¹Ô¤Ï ``localhost'' ¤ò¸½ºß¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ÎÊÌ̾¤È¤·¤ÆÄêµÁ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ¥Þ¥·¥ó¸ÇÍ­¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬²¿¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â, ¤³¤Î¹Ô¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï - ¾ï¤Ë 127.0.0.1 ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. Æó¤Ä¤á¤Î¹Ô¤Ï¥Û¥¹¥È̾ ``foo.bar.com'' - (¤È, ¤½¤Î¾Êά·Á ``foo'') ¤ò IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ 10.0.0.1 ¤Ë¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - ¤â¤·¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤«¤é¸ÇÄê¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, - ¤½¤ì¤ò 10.0.0.1 ¤Î¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -/etc/resolv.conf ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÊÔ½¸ - -

/etc/resolv.conf ¤Ï¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò¤½¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ÇÁö¤é¤»¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë - ɬÍפˤʤëÆÃÊ̤ʾðÊó¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤ò - ¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤Ë¼¨¤·¤¿¤ê, ¤½¤Î¾¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤¿¤ê¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - /etc/resolv.conf¤Ë¤ÏÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¤¬²Äǽ¤Ê¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â - °ì¤Ä»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¤Ç¤­¤ì¤ÐÆó¤Ä»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤Î¤¬Ë¾¤Þ¤·¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï (¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯) IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç½ñ¤«¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. Î㤨¤Ð: - - - nameserver 1.2.3.4 - nameserver 1.2.3.5 - - - Àܳ¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Î¡Ö¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¡×»ØÄê¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤Æ½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î³Æ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, - resolv.conf ¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -PPP ¤ÎÀßÄê - -

¥æ¡¼¥¶ ppp ¤È pppd (¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î PPP ¼ÂÁõ) ¤Ï - ¤É¤Á¤é¤â/etc/ppp¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤¿ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤¬Ä󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ, ¥æ¡¼¥¶ ppp ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦ºÝ¤Ë - ÂçÊÑ»²¹Í¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, ºï½ü¤·¤¿¤ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

ppp ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ»°¤Ä¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬ - ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ½ñ¤­¹þ¤àÆâÍƤÏ, ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤¬ÀÅŪ¤Ë IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë - (¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ¸ÇÄê¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò°ì¤ÄÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ, ¾ï¤Ë¤½¤ì¤ò»È¤¦) ¤«, - ¤Þ¤¿¤ÏưŪ¤Ë IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë (¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, PPP ¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤´¤È¤Ë - IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬ÊѲ½¤¹¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë) ¤«¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë ¤¢¤ëÄøÅٰ͸¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -ÀÅŪ IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë PPP Àܳ - -

/etc/ppp¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»°¤ÄºîÀ®¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

°ì¤Ä¤á¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ïppp.conf¤Ç¤¹. °Ê²¼¤ÎÎã¤È¤Û¤ÜƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ë - ¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ``:'' ¤Ç½ª¤ë¹Ô¤Ï 1 ¥«¥é¥àÌܤ«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ê, ¤½¤Î¾¤Î¹Ô¤Ï - ¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¿¥Ö¤Ç°Ê²¼¤ÎÎã¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÃʤò¤Ä¤±¤ë (¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë) ɬÍפ¬ - ¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - /etc/ppp/ppp.conf - -1 default: -2 set device /dev/cuaa0 -3 set speed 38400 -4 set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 5 \"\" ATE1Q0 OK-AT-OK -\\dATDT\\T TIMEOUT 40 CONNECT" -5 provider: -6 set phone 01234567890 -7 set login "TIMEOUT 10 gin:-BREAK-gin: foo word: bar col: ppp" -8 set timeout 120 -9 set ifaddr x.x.x.x y.y.y.y -10 delete ALL -11 add 0 0 y.y.y.y -12 set openmode active - - ¹ÔÈÖ¹æ¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. ¤³¤ì¤Ï, ²òÀâ¤ÎºÝ¤Ë - »²¾È¤¹¤ë¹Ô¤ò¼¨¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ä¤±¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹. - - -/dev/cuaa0¤Ë, - COM2: ¤Ï/dev/cuaa1¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -chat(8)¸À¸ì¤Ë»÷¤¿, ¼õ¿®ÂÔ¤Áʸ»úÎó¤È - Á÷¿®Ê¸»úÎó¤ÎÂФ«¤é¤Ê¤ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¸À¸ì¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï, ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - - - J. Random Provider - login: foo - password: bar - protocol: ppp - - - ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ÏɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ½ñ¤­¤«¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - -

Æó¤Ä¤á¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup¤Ç¤¹: - - - x.x.x.x: - delete ALL - add 0 0 HISADDR - - -

Àè¤Û¤É¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ë, ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Ë³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤¿ IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç x.x.x.x ¤ò - ÃÖ¤­¤«¤¨¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï, ¤³¤Î PPP Àܳ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë´û¸¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤Æ - ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ëºï½ü¤·¤¿¤ê, ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤«¤é ¤³¤Î¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥ë¡¼¥È¤ò - ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¥ë¡¼¥È¤È¤·¤ÆÄɲ乤ë¤Î¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - (HISADDR ¥Þ¥¯¥í¤Ï¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¦¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ËÃÖ¤­¤«¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹) - -

¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤¬ÀÅŪ¤Ê IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤Ê¤é, - ¼Â¤Ï/etc/ppp.linkup¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò½ñ¤¯É¬ÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ¤·¤«¤·, ·«¤êÊÖ¤·¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â²¿¤ÎÌäÂê¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

ºÇ¸å¤Ï, »°¤Ä¤á¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë/etc/ppp/ppp.secret¤Ç¤¹. - ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Ï ppp ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò - ÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. Ê£¿ô¤Î¿Í¤¬¤³¤Î ppp ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, - ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÀßÄꤷ¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤¦¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó. - -

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤¬/etc/ppp¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -ưŪ IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë PPP Àܳ - -

¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤¬ÀÅŪ¤Ê IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç, - ppp¤¬Áê¼ê¦¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È (¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤) ¤È¸ò¾Ä¤·¤Æ, - ¤³¤Á¤é¦¤ÈÁê¼ê¦¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò·è¤á¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï, µ¯Æ°»þ¤Ë¤Ï¡Ö²¾¡×¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤Æ, - Àܳ»þ¤Ë LCP ¤Ë¤è¤ê ppp ¤¬ IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÀµ¤·¤¯ÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç - ¼Â¸½¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. ¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï, ÀÅŪ¤Ê IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤ÈƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¹. - -

ÀÅŪ¤Ê IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Îppp.conf¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î - ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Î³ºÅöÉôʬ¤ò°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 255.255.255.0 - delete ALL - add 0 0 10.0.0.2 - - -

¤³¤Á¤é¦¤ÈÁê¼ê¦, ¤É¤Á¤é¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤â, 0 ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï - ¡Ö¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡×. ¤â¤· 0 ¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤È, ppp ¤¬Àµ¤·¤¤½é´ü¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò - ¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - -

``/'' ʸ»ú¤Î¸å¤í¤Î¿ô»ú¤Ï, ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¸ò¾Ä¤ÎºÝ¤Ë¸ÇÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤­¤¿¤¤¥Ó¥Ã¥È¿ô¤Ç¤¹. - -

ppp.conf ¤òÆɤ߹þ¤ó¤À»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï, ¤Þ¤À HISADDR ¥Þ¥¯¥í¤¬ - »È¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤âÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤³¤Î¥Þ¥¯¥í¤¬»È¤¨¤ë¤Î¤Ïppp.linkup¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - -

¾ÜºÙ¤Ê¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, - /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Î pmdemand ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤È - /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup.sample¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -¤«¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤¿ÅÅÏäò PPP ¤Ç¼õ¤±¤ë¤Ë¤Ï - -

¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï iijppp ¤ò¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤ÆÀßÄꤹ¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

¤«¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤¿ÅÅÏäòppp¤¬¼õ¤±¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¾ì¹ç, - pppÀܳ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤À¤±¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤«, - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤«, - ¤½¤ì¤È¤â¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤«¤ò·è¤á¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó. - ppp Àܳ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤À¤±¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï, - °Ê²¼¤Î¹Ô¤òppp.conf¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÄɲ䷤Ƥª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - enable proxy - - - ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÎžÁ÷¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï, - °Ê²¼¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò/etc/rc.conf¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. (¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï - °ÊÁ°¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï/etc/sysconfig¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿) - - - gateway=YES - - -¤É¤Î getty ¤ò»È¤ª¤¦¤«? - -

getty ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤¿¤á¤ÎÍ¥¤ì¤¿²òÀ⤬ - - ¤Ë¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

getty ¤ËÂå¤ï¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï, - - ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï getty ¤ò¤è¤ê½ÀÆð¤Ë¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç, - ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×²óÀþ¤Ç¤Î»ÈÍѤò°Õ¿Þ¤·¤ÆÀ߷פµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -

mgetty ¤ò»È¤¦¾ì¹ç¤ÎÍøÅÀ¤Ï, mgetty ¤¬ÀѶËŪ¤Ë¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÈÄÌ¿®¤¹¤ë - ¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹. ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ¤â¤·/etc/ttys¤Ç¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÊĤ¸¤¿¾ì¹ç, - ¥â¥Ç¥à¤ÏÅÅÏäò¤È¤é¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

ºÇ¶á¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î mgetty (0.99beta °Ê¹ß) ¤Ç¤Ï, PPP ¥¹¥È¥ê¡¼¥à¤Î - ¼«Æ°¸¡½Ð¤â¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê, ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¦¤Ç - ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò½àÈ÷¤·¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -

mgetty ¤ÎÆþ¼êÊýË¡¤ÈÀµ¤·¤¤ÀßÄê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, ¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Î°·¤¦ÈϰϤò - ±Û¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - Ìõ¼ÔÃí: ºÇ¶á¤Î ports ¤ª¤è¤Ó packages ¤Ë¤Ï mgetty+sendfax ¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -ưŪ IP ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î PPP ¥·¥§¥ë¤ÎÀßÄê - -

/etc/ppp/ppp-shell¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Ç, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆâÍƤΥե¡¥¤¥ë¤ò - ºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - #!/bin/sh - IDENT=`echo $0 | sed -e 's/^.*-\(.*\)$/\1/'` - CALLEDAS="$IDENT" - TTY=`tty` - - if [ x$IDENT = xdialup ]; then - IDENT=`basename $TTY` - fi - - echo "PPP for $CALLEDAS on $TTY" - echo "Starting PPP for $IDENT" - - exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT - - -

¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ë¤Ï¼Â¹Ô²Äǽ°À­¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¼¡¤Ë°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·, ppp-dialup¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Ç - ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ø¤Î¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹: - - - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-dialup - - -

¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥× ppp ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥·¥§¥ë¤È¤·¤Æ - ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹. °Ê²¼¤Ï pchilds ¤È¤¤¤¦¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤Î - ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ò/etc/password¤ØÅÐÏ¿¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤¹. - (¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òľÀÜ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ÇÊÔ½¸¤·¤¿¤ê¤»¤º, - vipw¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) - - - pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup - - -

Ǥ°Õ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬Æɤळ¤È¤Î¤Ç¤­¤ë, /home/ppp¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ò - ºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹. /etc/motd¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á, - °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÂ礭¤µ¤¬ 0 ¥Ð¥¤¥È¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò ¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î²¼¤Ë - ºîÀ®¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 May 27 02:23 .hushlogin - -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 May 27 02:22 .rhosts - - -ÀÅŪ IP ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î PPP ¥·¥§¥ë¤ÎÀßÄê - -

¾åµ­¤ÈƱ¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ëppp-shell¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®¤·, - ÀÅŪ¤Ë IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤ë ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤´¤È¤Ë - ppp-shell¤Ø¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹. - -

Î㤨¤Ð, ¥¯¥é¥¹ C ¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î·ÐÏ©À©¸æ¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ë, - »°¿Í¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¸ÜµÒ fred, sam, mary ¤¬¤¤¤ë¤È¤¹¤ë¤È, - °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦: - - - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-fred - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-sam - # ln -s /etc/ppp/ppp-shell /etc/ppp/ppp-mary - - -

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ç¤Ï, ¾å¤ÇºîÀ®¤·¤¿ - ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ê¥Ã¥¯¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ò¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥·¥§¥ë¤È¤·¤ÆÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - (¤Ä¤Þ¤ê, ¥æ¡¼¥¶ mary ¤Î¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¥·¥§¥ë¤Ï/etc/ppp/ppp-mary¤Ë - ¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹). - -ưŪ IP ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î ppp.conf ¤ÎÀßÄê - -

/etc/ppp/ppp.conf¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï ÂçÂΰʲ¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆâÍƤˤʤë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦: - - - default: - set debug phase lcp chat - set timeout 0 - - ttyd0: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20 255.255.255.255 - enable proxy - - ttyd1: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.21 255.255.255.255 - enable proxy - - -

¾å¤ÎÎã¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÃʤò¤Ä¤±¤ë (¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥ó¥È¤¹¤ë) ɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

default: ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤´¤È¤Ë¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹. - /etc/ttys¤ÇÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ë³Æ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×²óÀþ¤´¤È¤Ë°ì¤Ä, - ¾åµ­¤Îttyd0:¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ³Æ¹Ô¤ÎÁê¼ê¦¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤È¤·¤Æ, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ìÊ̤ΠIP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò - ưŪ IP ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¥×¡¼¥ë¤«¤é³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -ÀÅŪ IP ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î ppp.conf ¤ÎÀßÄê - -

¾å¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Î/etc/ppp/ppp.conf¤ÎÆâÍƤ˲䨤Æ, - ÀÅŪ¤Ë IP ¤ò³ä¤êÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤¿¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥æ¡¼¥¶ - ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄɲ乤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤³¤Ç¤â fred, sam, mary ¤ÎÎã¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - fred: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.101.1 255.255.255.255 - - sam: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.102.1 255.255.255.255 - - mary: - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.103.1 255.255.255.255 - - -

ɬÍפǤ¢¤ì¤Ð, ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎÀÅŪ IP ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î·ÐÏ©À©¸æ¾ðÊó¤â - /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë´Þ¤á¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - °Ê²¼¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î ppp ¥ê¥ó¥¯¤ò·Ðͳ¤¹¤ë - ¥¯¥é¥¹ C ¤Î203.14.101.0¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ø¤Î·ÐÏ©¤òÄɲ䷤Ƥ¤¤Þ¤¹. - - - fred: - add 203.14.101.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR - - sam: - add 203.14.102.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR - - mary: - add 203.14.103.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 HISADDR - - -mgetty, AutoPPP, ¥Þ¥¤¥¯¥í¥½¥Õ¥È³ÈÄ¥¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ ¤µ¤é¤Ë¾Ü¤·¤¯ - -Mgetty ¤È AutoPPP - -

AUTO_PPP ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ä¤­¤Ç¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤¿ mgetty ¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð, mgetty ¤¬ - PPP Àܳ¤Î LCP ¥Õ¥§¡¼¥º¤ò¸¡½Ð¤·¤Æ, ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë ppp ¥·¥§¥ë¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë - ÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤·¤«¤· ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç, ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î login/password ¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹¤ÏȯÀ¸¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç, - ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Îǧ¾Ú¤Ï PAP ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï CHAP ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï, ¥æ¡¼¥¶ (¤¢¤Ê¤¿) ¤¬ÌäÂê¤Ê¤¯ - AUTO_PPP ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ä¤­¤Î mgetty (v0.99beta ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤½¤ì°Ê¹ß) ¤ÎÀßÄê, - ¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë, ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - -

/usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ - °Ê²¼¤Î¹Ô¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤: - - - /AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup - - -

¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê, PPP Àܳ¤ò¸¡½Ð¤·¤¿¤é mgetty ¤¬ppp-pap-dialup - ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - -

/etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Ç, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆâÍƤΥե¡¥¤¥ë¤ò - ºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹ (¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¼Â¹Ô²Äǽ°À­¤ò¤Ä¤±¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦): - - - #!/bin/sh - TTY=`tty` - IDENT=`basename $TTY` - exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT - - -

/etc/ttys¤ÇÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë³Æ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥×²óÀþ¤´¤È¤Ë, - Âбþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò°ì¤Ä/etc/ppp/ppp.conf¤ËºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹. - ¤³¤ì¤Ï¾å¤ÇºîÀ®¤·¤¿ÄêµÁ¤ÈÌäÂê¤Ê¤¯¶¦Â¸¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - papttyd0: - enable pap - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.20 255.255.255.255 - enable proxy - - papttyd1: - enable pap - set ifaddr 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.21 255.255.255.255 - enable proxy - - -

¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ç¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤¹¤ë³Æ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï, PAP ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶Ç§¾Ú¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¦¤¿¤á¤Ë - /etc/ppp/ppp.secret¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤È¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤«, - ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï/etc/password¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë - - - enable passwdauth - - - ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò (/etc/ppp/ppp.conf ¤Ë) Äɲ䷤Ƥª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. (*) - -

(*) ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï 2.2-961014-SNAP ¤ª¤è¤Ó¤½¤ì°Ê¹ß¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤«, - ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï 2.1.x ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ ppp ¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤ò¹¹¿·¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤À¤± - »ÈÍѲÄǽ¤À¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - (¾ÜºÙ¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¥Þ¥¤¥¯¥í¥½¥Õ¥È³ÈÄ¥¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤) - -¥Þ¥¤¥¯¥í¥½¥Õ¥È³ÈÄ¥ - -

2.2-961014-SNAP °Ê¹ß¤Ç¤Ï, - DNS ¤È NetBIOS ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¼«Æ°¸ò¾Ä (negotiation) ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë - ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È (Î㤨¤Ð Win95/NT ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È) ¤È¤Î´Ö¤Ç - ¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï RFC1877 ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - -

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î³ÈÄ¥µ¡Ç½¤ò/etc/ppp/ppp.conf¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÇÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤¿Îã¤ò - °Ê²¼¤Ë¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹. - - - default: - set debug phase lcp chat - set timeout 0 - enable msext - set ns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2 - set nbns 203.14.100.5 - - -

¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê, ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ï¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥ê¤È¥»¥«¥ó¥À¥ê¤Î¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ - ¤ª¤è¤Ó NetBIOS ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥Û¥¹¥È¤òÃΤ뤳¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - -¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎºÇ½ªÀßÄê - -

¤³¤ì¤Ç PPP ¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï½ª¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿. - ¤·¤«¤· PPP ¤¬Æ°¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ëÁ°¤Ë, ¤â¤¦¾¯¤·É¬Íפʤ³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤ì¤é¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï, ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ/etc/rc.conf¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò - ÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤ª¤³¤Ê¤¤¤Þ¤¹. - (¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï°ÊÁ°¤Ë¤Ï/etc/sysconfig¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿) - - ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¾å¤«¤é½ç¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤Þ¤º¤Ï ``hostname='' ¤Î¹Ô¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Þ¤¹. - Î㤨¤Ð°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë: - - - hostname=foo.bar.com - - -

¼¡¤Ë network_interfaces ÊÑ¿ô¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹. ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ (on demand) - ¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Ë¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òÀßÄꤷ¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, - tun0 ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬¤³¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÄɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï, tun0 ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤ò¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤éºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - network_interfaces="lo0 tun0" - ifconfig_tun0= - - - ifconfig_tun0ÊÑ¿ô¤¬¶õ¤Ç, /etc/start_if.tun0 ¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¾Á°¤Î - ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ ¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆâÍƤϰʲ¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - - - ppp -auto mysystem - - - ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ÎÀßÄê»þ¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤µ¤ì, - ppp ¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤ò¼«Æ°¥â¡¼¥É¤ÇΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤Þ¤¹. - -

°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥¿¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò ``NO'' ¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Þ¤¹. - - - router_enable=NO (/etc/rc.conf) - router=NO (/etc/sysconfig) - - - routed¤Ï, ppp ¤¬ºîÀ®¤·¤¿¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë - ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºï½ü¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç, routed¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤¬ - µ¯Æ°¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤¬½ÅÍפǤ¹. (¤³¤ì¤Ï½é´üÀßÄê¤Î¾õÂ֤Ǥ¹) - -

``sendmail_flags'' ¹Ô¤¬ ``-q'' ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò´Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë - ÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤¿Êý¤¬¤è¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. ¤µ¤â¤Ê¤¤¤È, sendmail ¤¬ - ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÄ´¤Ù¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æȯ¿®¤ò¤ª¤³¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¾ì¹ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. - °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÀßÄê¤ÇÎɤ¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦: - - - sendmail_flags="-bd" - - - ¤³¤Î·ë²Ì, PPP ¥ê¥ó¥¯¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤¿»þ¤Ë¤Ï ¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤â - °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ, ¥­¥å¡¼¤Ë¤¿¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò - sendmail ¤ËÁ÷¿®¤µ¤»¤ëºî¶È¤¬É¬Íפˤʤë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - - - # /usr/sbin/sendmail -q - - - ¤³¤¦¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬·ù¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, SMTP ¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤ò¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë - "dfilter" ¤òÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - ¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤. - ¤Þ¤¿, ppp.linkup¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¤Ç - ¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - ¸å¤Ï¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ò¥ê¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤¹. - - ¤µ¤Æ, ¤³¤ì¤Ç - - # ppp - - - ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·, ³¤¤¤Æ PPP ¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò³«»Ï¤µ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë - ``dial provider'' ¤ÈÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤·, - (start_if.tun0 ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë), - ³°Éô¤Ø¤Î¥È¥é¥Õ¥£¥Ã¥¯¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë, ppp ¤¬¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë - ¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò³ÎΩ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, - °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹. - - - # ppp -auto provider - - -¤Þ¤È¤á - -

Í×Ì󤹤ë¤È, ½é¤á¤Æ ppp ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ëºÝ¤Ë¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤¬ÉԲķç¤Ç¤¹: - -

¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¦: - - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë tun ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬ÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ. - /dev¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë tunX ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ - ¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ. - /etc/ppp.conf¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®. - ¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¥×¥í¥Ð¥¤¥À¤Ç¤Ï, pmdemand ¤ÎÎã¤Ç½¼Ê¬¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - /etc/ppp.linkup¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®. - rc.conf (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï sysconfig) ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·. - ɬÍפ˱þ¤¸¤Æ¥À¥¤¥ä¥ë (demand dialing) ¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð, - start_if.tun0 ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤òºîÀ®. - - -

¥µ¡¼¥Ð¦: - - ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë tun ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¤¬ÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ. - /dev¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë tunX ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ - ¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ. - (vipw(8) ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ) /etc/passwd ¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®. - ¤³¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë - ``ppp -direct direct-server'' ¤«²¿¤«¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®. - /etc/ppp.conf¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®. - direct-server¤ÎÎã¤Ç½¼Ê¬¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦. - /etc/ppp.linkup¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òºîÀ®. - rc.conf (¤Þ¤¿¤Ï sysconfig) ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·. - - -¼Õ¼­ - -

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