From ba8f85b49c38af7bc2a9acdef5dcde2de008d25e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: peter Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2008 05:00:28 +0000 Subject: Flatten bind9 vendor work area --- bin/dig/dig.docbook | 936 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 936 insertions(+) create mode 100644 bin/dig/dig.docbook (limited to 'bin/dig/dig.docbook') diff --git a/bin/dig/dig.docbook b/bin/dig/dig.docbook new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a28b88 --- /dev/null +++ b/bin/dig/dig.docbook @@ -0,0 +1,936 @@ +]> + + + + + + + Jun 30, 2000 + + + + dig + 1 + BIND9 + + + + dig + DNS lookup utility + + + + + 2004 + 2005 + 2006 + 2007 + Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") + + + 2000 + 2001 + 2002 + 2003 + Internet Software Consortium. + + + + + + dig + @server + + + + + + + + + + + + name + type + class + queryopt + + + + dig + + + + + dig + global-queryopt + query + + + + + DESCRIPTION + dig + (domain information groper) is a flexible tool + for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and + displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that + were queried. Most DNS administrators use dig to + troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and + clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality + than dig. + + + + Although dig is normally used with + command-line + arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup + requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments + and options is printed when the option is given. + Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of + dig allows multiple lookups to be issued + from the + command line. + + + + Unless it is told to query a specific name server, + dig will try each of the servers listed + in + /etc/resolv.conf. + + + + When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an + NS query for "." (the root). + + + + It is possible to set per-user defaults for dig via + ${HOME}/.digrc. This file is read and + any options in it + are applied before the command line arguments. + + + + The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level + domains names. Either use the and + options to specify the type and class or + use the the specify the domain name or + use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains. + + + + + + SIMPLE USAGE + + + A typical invocation of dig looks like: + dig @server name type + where: + + + + + server + + + is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can + be an IPv4 + address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6 + address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied + server argument is a + hostname, + dig resolves that name before + querying that name + server. If no server + argument is provided, + dig consults /etc/resolv.conf + and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the + name + server that responds is displayed. + + + + + + name + + + is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up. + + + + + + type + + + indicates what type of query is required — + ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc. + type can be any valid query + type. If no + type argument is supplied, + dig will perform a lookup for an + A record. + + + + + + + + + + + OPTIONS + + + The option sets the source IP address of the query + to address. This must be a valid + address on + one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional + port + may be specified by appending "#<port>" + + + + The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the + option. class is + any valid + class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records. + + + + The option makes dig + operate + in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the + file filename. The file contains a + number of + queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in + the same way they would be presented as queries to + dig using the command-line interface. + + + + If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the + option is used. port# is + the port number that dig will send its + queries + instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used + to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries + on a non-standard port number. + + + + The option forces dig + to only + use IPv4 query transport. The option forces + dig to only use IPv6 query transport. + + + + The option sets the query type to + type. It can be any valid query type + which is + supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the + option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup. + A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When + an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, + type is set to ixfr=N. + The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone + since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was + N. + + + + The option sets the query name to + name. This useful do distinguish the + name from other arguments. + + + + Reverse lookups — mapping addresses to names — are simplified by the + option. addr is + an IPv4 + address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address. + When this option is used, there is no need to provide the + name, class and + type arguments. dig + automatically performs a lookup for a name like + 11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa and sets the + query type and + class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are + looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain. + To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain + specify the option. Bit string labels (RFC2874) + are now experimental and are not attempted. + + + + To sign the DNS queries sent by dig and + their + responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file + using the option. You can also specify the TSIG + key itself on the command line using the option; + hmac is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5, + name is the name of the TSIG key and + key is the actual key. The key is a + base-64 + encoded string, typically generated by + + dnssec-keygen8 + . + + Caution should be taken when using the option on + multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from + + ps1 + + or in the shell's history file. When + using TSIG authentication with dig, the name + server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is + being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate + key and server statements in + named.conf. + + + + + + QUERY OPTIONS + + dig + provides a number of query options which affect + the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of + these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which + sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout + and retry strategies. + + + + Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign + (+). Some keywords set or reset an + option. These may be preceded + by the string no to negate the meaning of + that keyword. Other + keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They + have the form . + The query options are: + + + + + + + + Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default + behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is + requested, in + which case a TCP connection is used. + + + + + + + + + Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate + syntax to +[no]tcp is + provided for backwards + compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit". + + + + + + + + + Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP. + By + default, TCP retries are performed. + + + + + + + + + Set the search list to contain the single domain + somename, as if specified in + a + domain directive in + /etc/resolv.conf, and enable + search list + processing as if the +search + option were given. + + + + + + + + + Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or + domain + directive in resolv.conf (if + any). + The search list is not used by default. + + + + + + + + + Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate + results. + + + + + + + + + Deprecated, treated as a synonym for +[no]search + + + + + + + + + Sets the "aa" flag in the query. + + + + + + + + + A synonym for +[no]aaonly. + + + + + + + + + Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The + AD bit + currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in + queries, + but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for + completeness. + + + + + + + + + Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query. + This + requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of + responses. + + + + + + + + + Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record. + + + + + + + + + Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record. + + + + + + + + + Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the + query. + This bit is set by default, which means dig + normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically + disabled + when the +nssearch or + +trace query options are + used. + + + + + + + + + When this option is set, dig + attempts to find the + authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name + being + looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has + for the + zone. + + + + + + + + + Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers + for + the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When + tracing is enabled, dig makes + iterative queries to + resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from + the + root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used + to + resolve the lookup. + + + + + + + + + Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output + identifying + the version of dig and the query + options that have + been applied. This comment is printed by default. + + + + + + + + + Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a + verbose form. + + + + + + + + + Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that + supplied the + answer when the +short option + is enabled. If + short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the + source address and port number of the server that provided the + answer. + + + + + + + + + Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default + is to + print comments. + + + + + + + + + This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the + query + was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default + behavior is + to print the query statistics. + + + + + + + + + Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. + By default, the query is not printed. + + + + + + + + + Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an + answer is + returned. The default is to print the question section as a + comment. + + + + + + + + + Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The + default + is to display it. + + + + + + + + + Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The + default is to display it. + + + + + + + + + Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply. + The default is to display it. + + + + + + + + + Set or clear all display flags. + + + + + + + + + + Sets the timeout for a query to + T seconds. The default + timeout is 5 seconds. + An attempt to set T to less + than 1 will result + in a query timeout of 1 second being applied. + + + + + + + + + Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to + T instead of the default, 3. + If + T is less than or equal to + zero, the number of + tries is silently rounded up to 1. + + + + + + + + + Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to + T instead of the default, 2. + Unlike + +tries, this does not include + the initial + query. + + + + + + + + + Set the number of dots that have to appear in + name to D for it to be + considered absolute. The default value is that defined using + the + ndots statement in /etc/resolv.conf, or 1 if no + ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are + interpreted as + relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in + the + or directive in + /etc/resolv.conf. + + + + + + + + + Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to + B bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes + of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside + this range are rounded up or down appropriately. + Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent. + + + + + + + + + Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values + are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a + EDNS query to be sent. clears the + remembered EDNS version. + + + + + + + + + Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line + format with human-readable comments. The default is to print + each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing + of the dig output. + + + + + + + + + Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The + default is + to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub + resolver + behavior. + + + + + + + + + Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed. + The default is to not display malformed answers. + + + + + + + + + Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit + (DO) + in the OPT record in the additional section of the query. + + + + + + + + + Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with + -DDIG_SIGCHASE. + + + + + + + + + Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with + . Each DNSKEY record must be + on its own line. + + + If not specified dig will look for + /etc/trusted-key.key then + trusted-key.key in the current directory. + + + Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. + + + + + + + + + When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down + validation. + Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. + + + + + + + + + + + + + MULTIPLE QUERIES + + + The BIND 9 implementation of dig + supports + specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to + supporting the batch file option). Each of those + queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query + options. + + + + In this case, each query argument + represent an + individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each + consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be + looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that + should be applied to that query. + + + + A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries, + can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the + first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options + supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except + the option) can be + overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example: + +dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr + + shows how dig could be used from the + command line + to make three lookups: an ANY query for www.isc.org, a + reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of + isc.org. + + A global query option of +qr is + applied, so + that dig shows the initial query it made + for each + lookup. The final query has a local query option of + +noqr which means that dig + will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for + isc.org. + + + + + + IDN SUPPORT + + If dig has been built with IDN (internationalized + domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names. + dig appropriately converts character encoding of + domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a + reply from the server. + If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines + the IDN_DISABLE environment variable. + The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when + dig runs. + + + + + FILES + /etc/resolv.conf + + ${HOME}/.digrc + + + + + SEE ALSO + + host1 + , + + named8 + , + + dnssec-keygen8 + , + RFC1035. + + + + + BUGS + + There are probably too many query options. + + + -- cgit v1.1