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+274.776 DL(Figure 1 \212 Sendmail System Structure.)208 346.8 Q 77 358.8 72
+358.8 DL 79 358.8 74 358.8 DL 84 358.8 79 358.8 DL 89 358.8 84 358.8 DL 94
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+(ollects a)470.077 435 R .619(message generated by a user interf)102 447 R .619
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+(MH [Borden79], edits the message as required by the destination netw)102 459 R
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+-.15(ve)-.25 G .281(ry or queueing for netw).15 F .281(ork transmission)-.1 F
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+497 Q F0 2.5(2.2. Interfaces)87 521 R(to the Outside W)2.5 E(orld)-.75 E F1
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+561.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rap).15 G(air of UNIX pipes, and speaking SMTP o)
+162.53 561.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ra).15 G 2.5(ni)348.03 561.2 S
+(nterprocess\(or\) channel.)358.31 561.2 Q F0 2.5(2.2.1. Ar)102 585.2 R
+(gument v)-.1 E(ector/exit status)-.1 E F1 .52(This technique is the standard \
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+102 96 R -.1(ove)2.5 G 2.5(rp).1 G(ipes)186.52 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .774
+(The SMTP protocol [Postel82] can be used to run an interacti)142 112.2 R 1.074
+-.15(ve l)-.25 H .774(ock-step interf).15 F .774(ace with)-.1 F .507
+(the mailer)117 124.2 R 5.507(.A)-.55 G .506(subprocess is still created, b)
+175.461 124.2 R .506(ut no recipient addresses are passed to the mailer via)-.2
+F .075(the ar)117 136.2 R .075(gument list.)-.18 F .075(Instead, the)5.075 F
+2.575(ya)-.15 G .075
+(re passed one at a time in commands sent to the processes stan-)249.805 136.2
+R .19(dard input.)117 148.2 R(An)5.19 E .19(ything appearing on the standard o\
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+172.2 Q F1 .366(This technique is similar to the pre)142 188.4 R .366
+(vious technique, e)-.25 F .366(xcept that it uses a 4.2bsd IPC chan-)-.15 F
+.953(nel [UNIX83].)117 200.4 R .953(This method is e)5.953 F .953
+(xceptionally \215e)-.15 F .952
+(xible in that the mailer need not reside on the)-.15 F(same machine.)117 212.4
+Q(It is normally used to connect to a sendmail process on another machine.)5 E
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+(and stores the message.)102 276.6 R .612(In the second phase, message deli)
+5.612 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .612(ry occurs.).15 F .612(If there were errors during)
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+(essage describing the)415.84 288.6 R
+(error and/or returns an status code telling what went wrong.)102 300.6 Q F0
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+-.18 E F1(If)142 340.8 Q F2(sendmail)3.321 E F1 .821
+(is called using one of the tw)3.321 F 3.322(os)-.1 G .822
+(ubprocess techniques, the ar)320.66 340.8 R .822(guments are \214rst)-.18 F
+.797(scanned and option speci\214cations are processed.)117 352.8 R .796
+(Recipient addresses are then collected, either)5.796 F .717(from the command \
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+(xpanded at this step, including mailing lists.)-.15 F .347(As much v)5.347 F
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+(addresses is done at this step: syntax is check)117 388.8 R 1.002
+(ed, and local addresses are v)-.1 F 1.002(eri\214ed, b)-.15 F 1.002
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+(checking of host names and addresses is deferred until deli)117 400.8 R -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E 5.708(.F)-.65 G(orw)388.946 400.8 Q .708
+(arding is also performed)-.1 F(as the local addresses are v)117 412.8 Q
+(eri\214ed.)-.15 E F2(Sendmail)142 429 Q F1 .307
+(appends each address to the recipient list after parsing.)2.807 F .307
+(When a name is aliased)5.307 F .322(or forw)117 441 R .322(arded, the old nam\
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+(ve)-.25 G .322(ry phase to).15 F .479(ignore this recipient.)117 453 R .479
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+-.1 G(roups.)428.12 465 Q F0 2.5(2.3.2. Message)102 489 R(collection)2.5 E F2
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+E F1 -.15(Fo)142 609.6 S 2.618(re).15 G .117
+(ach unique mailer and host in the recipient list,)162.798 609.6 R F2(sendmail)
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+(The message is sent to the mailer using one of the same three interf)142 649.8
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+(he message is prepended by a customized header)274 661.8 R 6.465(.T)-.55 G(he)
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+(sa)448.115 673.8 S(ppropriate.)460.4 673.8 Q .589(The e)117 685.8 R .589(xit \
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+148.2 Q F1 .588(If errors occur during processing,)142 164.4 R F2(sendmail)
+3.088 E F1 .589(returns the message to the sender for retrans-)3.088 F 3.133
+(mission. The)117 176.4 R .632(letter can be mailed back or written in the \
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+176.4 Q(directory)117 190.4 Q/F3 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(2)153.1 186.4 Q F1(.)156.6
+190.4 Q F0 2.5(2.4. Message)87 214.4 R(Header Editing)2.5 E F1 1.756
+(Certain editing of the message header occurs automatically)127 230.6 R 6.756
+(.H)-.65 G 1.756(eader lines can be inserted)391.456 230.6 R .41
+(under control of the con\214guration \214le.)102 242.6 R .41
+(Some lines can be mer)5.41 F .41(ged; for e)-.18 F .41
+(xample, a \231From:\232 line and)-.15 F 2.5<6199>102 254.6 S
+(Full-name:\232 line can be mer)113.38 254.6 Q
+(ged under certain circumstances.)-.18 E F0 2.5(2.5. Con\214guration)87 278.6 R
+(File)2.5 E F1 .798(Almost all con\214guration information is read at runtime \
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+(de\214nitions \(de\214ning the v)102 306.8 R .678
+(alue of macros used internally\), header declarations \(telling sendmail the)
+-.25 F 1.009(format of header lines that it will process specially)102 318.8 R
+3.509(,i)-.65 G 1.009(.e., lines that it will add or reformat\), mailer)320.398
+318.8 R .478(de\214nitions \(gi)102 330.8 R .478(ving information such as the \
+location and characteristics of each mailer\), and address)-.25 F(re)102 342.8
+Q .428(writing rules \(a limited production system to re)-.25 F .429
+(write addresses which is used to parse and re)-.25 F(write)-.25 E
+(the addresses\).)102 354.8 Q 2.828 -.8(To i)127 371 T(mpro).8 E 1.528 -.15
+(ve p)-.15 H 1.228(erformance when reading the con\214guration \214le, a memor\
+y image can be pro-).15 F 2.5(vided. This)102 383 R(pro)2.5 E
+(vides a \231compiled\232 form of the con\214guration \214le.)-.15 E F0 2.5
+(3. USA)72 407 R(GE AND IMPLEMENT)-.55 E -.95(AT)-.9 G(ION).95 E 2.5(3.1. Ar)87
+431 R(guments)-.1 E F1(Ar)127 447.2 Q .376
+(guments may be \215ags and addresses.)-.18 F .377(Flags set v)5.377 F .377
+(arious processing options.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.377 G(llo).15 E .377(wing \215ag)
+-.25 F(ar)102 459.2 Q .281(guments, address ar)-.18 F .281(guments may be gi)
+-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .281(n, unless we are running in SMTP mode.).15 F .28
+(Addresses fol-)5.28 F(lo)102 471.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he syntax in RFC822 [Crock)
+122.03 471.2 Q(er82] for ARP)-.1 E(ANET address formats.)-.92 E
+(In brief, the format is:)5 E 12.5(\(1\) An)107 487.4 R
+(ything in parentheses is thro)-.15 E(wn a)-.25 E -.1(wa)-.15 G 2.5(y\().1 G
+(as a comment\).)299.65 487.4 Q 12.5(\(2\) An)107 503.6 R .051
+(ything in angle brack)-.15 F .051(ets \(\231<)-.1 F .051
+(>\232\) is preferred o)1.666 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.551(ra).15 G -.15(ny)348.064
+503.6 S .051(thing else.).15 F .051(This rule implements the)5.051 F(ARP)133.66
+515.6 Q(ANET standard that addresses of the form)-.92 E
+(user name <machine-address>)173.66 531.8 Q(will send to the electronic \231ma\
+chine-address\232 rather than the human \231user name.)133.66 548 Q<9a>-.7 E
+12.5(\(3\) Double)107 564.2 R 2.246(quotes \()4.746 F -2.754 2.5("\) q)2.5 H
+2.246(uote phrases; backslashes quote characters.)224.188 564.2 R 2.246
+(Backslashes are more)7.246 F(po)133.66 576.2 Q .654(werful in that the)-.25 F
+3.154(yw)-.15 G .655(ill cause otherwise equi)229.196 576.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+.655(lent phrases to compare dif).25 F .655(ferently \212 for)-.25 F -.15(ex)
+133.66 588.2 S(ample,).15 E F2(user)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F2("user")2.5 E F1
+(are equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent, b).25 E(ut)-.2 E F2(\\user)2.5 E F1
+(is dif)2.5 E(ferent from either of them.)-.25 E -.15(Pa)127 604.4 S 1.12
+(rentheses, angle brack).15 F 1.12
+(ets, and double quotes must be properly balanced and nested.)-.1 F(The)6.12 E
+(re)102 618.4 Q(writing rules control remaining parsing)-.25 E F3(3)266.17
+614.4 Q F1(.)269.67 618.4 Q .32 LW 76 646 72 646 DL 80 646 76 646 DL 84 646 80
+646 DL 88 646 84 646 DL 92 646 88 646 DL 96 646 92 646 DL 100 646 96 646 DL 104
+646 100 646 DL 108 646 104 646 DL 112 646 108 646 DL 116 646 112 646 DL 120 646
+116 646 DL 124 646 120 646 DL 128 646 124 646 DL 132 646 128 646 DL 136 646 132
+646 DL 140 646 136 646 DL 144 646 140 646 DL 148 646 144 646 DL 152 646 148 646
+DL 156 646 152 646 DL 160 646 156 646 DL 164 646 160 646 DL 168 646 164 646 DL
+172 646 168 646 DL 176 646 172 646 DL 180 646 176 646 DL 184 646 180 646 DL 188
+646 184 646 DL 192 646 188 646 DL 196 646 192 646 DL 200 646 196 646 DL 204 646
+200 646 DL 208 646 204 646 DL 212 646 208 646 DL 216 646 212 646 DL/F4 5
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(2)93.6 656.4 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(Ob)3.2 I(viously)-.12 E
+2.226(,i)-.52 G 2.226(ft)135.246 659.6 S .226(he site gi)142.36 659.6 R .226(v\
+ing the error is not the originating site, the only reasonable option is to ma\
+il back to the sender)-.2 F 4.227(.A)-.44 G(lso,)492.664 659.6 Q .191
+(there are man)72 669.2 R 2.191(ym)-.12 G .19(ore error disposition options, b)
+128.213 669.2 R .19(ut the)-.16 F 2.19(yo)-.12 G .19(nly ef)255.514 669.2 R .19
+(fect the error message \212 the \231return to sender\232 function is al)-.2 F
+-.08(wa)-.08 G .19(ys han-).08 F(dled in one of these tw)72 678.8 Q 2(ow)-.08 G
+(ays.)156.272 678.8 Q F4(3)93.6 689.2 Q F5
+(Disclaimer: Some special processing is done after re)3.2 I
+(writing local names; see belo)-.2 E -.52(w.)-.2 G EP
+%%Page: 6 6
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+/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 192.28(SMM:9-6 SENDMAIL)72 60 R 2.5<8a41>2.5 G 2.5(nI)
+383.99 60 S(nter)395.94 60 Q(netw)-.15 E(ork Mail Router)-.1 E 2.5(3.2. Mail)87
+96 R(to Files and Pr)2.5 E(ograms)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .609
+(Files and programs are le)127 112.2 R .609(gitimate message recipients.)-.15 F
+.609(Files pro)5.609 F .609(vide archi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.109(ls).25 G .61
+(torage of mes-)445.02 112.2 R .124
+(sages, useful for project administration and history)102 124.2 R 5.124(.P)-.65
+G .124(rograms are useful as recipients in a v)318.308 124.2 R .124(ariety of)
+-.25 F .69(situations, for e)102 136.2 R .691(xample, to maintain a public rep\
+ository of systems messages \(such as the Berk)-.15 F(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(msgs)102 148.2 Q F1(program, or the MARS system [Sattle)2.5
+E(y78]\).)-.15 E(An)127 164.4 Q 3.188(ya)-.15 G .688(ddress passing through th\
+e initial parsing algorithm as a local address \(i.e, not appear)151.698 164.4
+R(-)-.2 E .276(ing to be a v)102 176.4 R .276
+(alid address for another mailer\) is scanned for tw)-.25 F 2.776(os)-.1 G .277
+(pecial cases.)362.128 176.4 R .277(If pre\214x)5.277 F .277(ed by a v)-.15 F
+(erti-)-.15 E .18(cal bar \(\231)102 188.4 R .833<7c9a>.833 G 2.68(\)t)-.833 G
+.179(he rest of the address is processed as a shell command.)156.456 188.4 R
+.179(If the user name be)5.179 F .179(gins with a)-.15 F(slash mark \(\231/)102
+200.4 Q(\232\) the name is used as a \214le name, instead of a login name.).833
+E .241(Files that ha)127 216.6 R .541 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .241
+(etuid or setgid bits set b).15 F .241(ut no e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .241
+(cute bits set ha).15 F .541 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .241(hose bits honored if).15 F F2
+(send-)2.742 E(mail)102 228.6 Q F1(is running as root.)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(3.3. Aliasing,)87 252.6 R -.25(Fo)2.5 G(rwarding, Inclusion).25 E F2(Sendmail)
+127 268.8 Q F1 1.075(reroutes mail three w)3.575 F 3.575(ays. Aliasing)-.1 F
+1.074(applies system wide.)3.575 F -.15(Fo)6.074 G(rw).15 E 1.074(arding allo)
+-.1 F 1.074(ws each)-.25 F .233
+(user to reroute incoming mail destined for that account.)102 280.8 R .233
+(Inclusion directs)5.233 F F2(sendmail)2.733 E F1 .233(to read a \214le for)
+2.733 F 2.5(al)102 292.8 S
+(ist of addresses, and is normally used in conjunction with aliasing.)111.72
+292.8 Q F0 2.5(3.3.1. Aliasing)102 316.8 R F1 1.554
+(Aliasing maps names to address lists using a system-wide \214le.)142 333 R
+1.553(This \214le is inde)6.553 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.053(dt).15 G(o)499 333 Q 1.1
+(speed access.)117 345 R 1.101(Only names that parse as local are allo)6.1 F
+1.101(wed as aliases; this guarantees a unique)-.25 F -.1(ke)117 357 S 2.5(y\()
+-.05 G(since there are no nicknames for the local host\).)137.02 357 Q F0 2.5
+(3.3.2. F)102 381 R(orwarding)-.25 E F1 .651
+(After aliasing, recipients that are local and v)142 397.2 R .651
+(alid are check)-.25 F .65(ed for the e)-.1 F .65(xistence of a \231.for)-.15 F
+(-)-.2 E -.1(wa)117 409.2 S .493(rd\232 \214le in their home directory).1 F
+5.493(.I)-.65 G 2.994(fi)264.178 409.2 S 2.994(te)273.282 409.2 S .494
+(xists, the message is)283.346 409.2 R F2(not)2.994 E F1 .494
+(sent to that user)2.994 F 2.994(,b)-.4 G .494(ut rather to)459.132 409.2 R .37
+(the list of users in that \214le.)117 421.2 R .37
+(Often this list will contain only one address, and the feature will be)5.37 F
+(used for netw)117 433.2 Q(ork mail forw)-.1 E(arding.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)142 449.4
+S(rw).15 E 1.151(arding also permits a user to specify a pri)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25
+G 1.152(te incoming mailer).25 F 6.152(.F)-.55 G 1.152(or e)437.346 449.4 R
+1.152(xample, for)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -.1(wa)117 461.4 S(rding to:).1 E -2.5 .833
+("| /)157 477.6 T(usr/local/ne)-.833 E(wmail myname")-.25 E(will use a dif)117
+493.8 Q(ferent incoming mailer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(3.3.3. Inclusion)102
+517.8 R F1(Inclusion is speci\214ed in RFC 733 [Crock)142 534 Q(er77a] syntax:)
+-.1 E(:Include: pathname)157 550.2 Q .391
+(An address of this form reads the \214le speci\214ed by)117 566.4 R F2
+(pathname)2.891 E F1 .391(and sends to all users listed in that)2.891 F
+(\214le.)117 578.4 Q .644(The intent is)142 594.6 R F2(not)3.144 E F1 .644
+(to support direct use of this feature, b)3.144 F .644
+(ut rather to use this as a subset of)-.2 F 2.5(aliasing. F)117 606.6 R(or e)
+-.15 E(xample, an alias of the form:)-.15 E
+(project: :include:/usr/project/userlist)157 622.8 Q 1.93(is a method of letti\
+ng a project maintain a mailing list without interaction with the system)117
+639 R(administration, e)117 651 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)203.54 651
+S(he alias \214le is protected.)212.15 651 Q 2.024(It is not necessary to reb)
+142 667.2 R 2.024(uild the inde)-.2 F 4.524(xo)-.15 G 4.524(nt)317.822 667.2 S
+2.025(he alias database when a :include: list is)330.126 667.2 R(changed.)117
+679.2 Q EP
+%%Page: 7 7
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+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SENDMAIL \212 An Inter)72 60 Q(netw)-.15 E
+(ork Mail Router)-.1 E(SMM:9-7)462.9 60 Q 2.5(3.4. Message)87 96 R(Collection)
+2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .857
+(Once all recipient addresses are parsed and v)127 112.2 R .857
+(eri\214ed, the message is collected.)-.15 F .856(The message)5.857 F
+(comes in tw)102 124.2 Q 2.5(op)-.1 G
+(arts: a message header and a message body)162.73 124.2 Q 2.5(,s)-.65 G
+(eparated by a blank line.)343.42 124.2 Q
+(The header is formatted as a series of lines of the form)127 140.4 Q
+(\214eld-name: \214eld-v)178 156.6 Q(alue)-.25 E(Field-v)102 172.8 Q 1.366
+(alue can be split across lines by starting the follo)-.25 F 1.366
+(wing lines with a space or a tab)-.25 F 6.366(.S)-.4 G(ome)486.78 172.8 Q .211
+(header \214elds ha)102 184.8 R .511 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .211
+(pecial internal meaning, and ha).15 F .511 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .211
+(ppropriate special processing.).15 F .21(Other headers)5.21 F
+(are simply passed through.)102 196.8 Q
+(Some header \214elds may be added automatically)5 E 2.5(,s)-.65 G
+(uch as time stamps.)413.53 196.8 Q .86(The body is a series of te)127 213 R
+.861(xt lines.)-.15 F .861(It is completely uninterpreted and untouched, e)
+5.861 F .861(xcept that)-.15 F 1.43(lines be)102 225 R 1.43
+(ginning with a dot ha)-.15 F 1.729 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.429
+(he dot doubled when transmitted o).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.929(ra).15 G 3.929
+(nS)407.213 225 S 1.429(MTP channel.)421.702 225 R(This)6.429 E -.15(ex)102 237
+S(tra dot is stripped by the recei).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.55(r.).15 G F0 2.5
+(3.5. Message)87 261 R(Deli)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(ry).1 E F1 .028
+(The send queue is ordered by recei)127 277.2 R .029
+(ving host before transmission to implement message batch-)-.25 F 3.07
+(ing. Each)102 289.2 R .57(address is mark)3.07 F .57
+(ed as it is sent so rescanning the list is safe.)-.1 F .57(An ar)5.57 F .57
+(gument list is b)-.18 F .57(uilt as)-.2 F 1.138(the scan proceeds.)102 301.2 R
+1.139(Mail to \214les is detected during the scan of the send list.)6.139 F
+1.139(The interf)6.139 F 1.139(ace to the)-.1 F
+(mailer is performed using one of the techniques described in section 2.2.)102
+313.2 Q .996(After a connection is established,)127 329.4 R/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)3.496 E F1(mak)3.495 E .995(es the per)-.1 F .995
+(-mailer changes to the header and)-.2 F .236(sends the result to the mailer)
+102 341.4 R 5.236(.I)-.55 G 2.736(fa)228.406 341.4 S .537 -.15(ny m)238.912
+341.4 T .237(ail is rejected by the mailer).15 F 2.737(,a\215)-.4 G .237
+(ag is set to in)386.628 341.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .437 -.1(ke t).2 H .237
+(he return-).1 F(to-sender function after all deli)102 353.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ry completes.).15 E F0 2.5(3.6. Queued)87 377.4 R(Messages)2.5 E F1 .163
+(If the mailer returns a \231temporary f)127 393.6 R .163(ailure\232 e)-.1 F
+.162(xit status, the message is queued.)-.15 F 2.662(Ac)5.162 G .162
+(ontrol \214le is)455.336 393.6 R .85
+(used to describe the recipients to be sent to and v)102 405.6 R .851
+(arious other parameters.)-.25 F .851(This control \214le is for)5.851 F(-)-.2
+E 1.011(matted as a series of lines, each describing a sender)102 417.6 R 3.511
+(,ar)-.4 G 1.011(ecipient, the time of submission, or some)333.494 417.6 R .776
+(other salient parameter of the message.)102 429.6 R .776
+(The header of the message is stored in the control \214le, so)5.776 F(that th\
+e associated data \214le in the queue is just the temporary \214le that w)102
+441.6 Q(as originally collected.)-.1 E F0 2.5(3.7. Con\214guration)87 465.6 R
+F1 .493(Con\214guration is controlled primarily by a con\214guration \214le re\
+ad at startup.)127 481.8 R F2(Sendmail)5.492 E F1(should)2.992 E
+(not need to be recomplied e)102 493.8 Q(xcept)-.15 E 12.5(\(1\) T)107 510 R
+2.5(oc)-.8 G(hange operating systems \(V6, V7/32V)150.91 510 Q 2.5(,4)-1.29 G
+(BSD\).)313.21 510 Q 12.5(\(2\) T)107 526.2 R 2.5(or)-.8 G(emo)149.8 526.2 Q .3
+-.15(ve o)-.15 H 2.5(ri).15 G(nsert the DBM \(UNIX database\) library)192.27
+526.2 Q(.)-.65 E 12.5(\(3\) T)107 542.4 R 2.5(oc)-.8 G(hange ARP)150.91 542.4 Q
+(ANET reply codes.)-.92 E 12.5(\(4\) T)107 558.6 R 2.5(oa)-.8 G
+(dd headers \214elds requiring special processing.)150.91 558.6 Q .434
+(Adding mailers or changing parsing \(i.e., re)102 574.8 R .435
+(writing\) or routing information does not require recom-)-.25 F(pilation.)102
+586.8 Q 1.317(If the mail is being sent by a local user)127 603 R 3.817(,a)-.4
+G 1.317(nd the \214le \231.mailcf\232 e)303.914 603 R 1.317
+(xists in the sender')-.15 F 3.817(sh)-.55 G(ome)486.78 603 Q(directory)102 615
+Q 2.721(,t)-.65 G .221(hat \214le is read as a con\214guration \214le after th\
+e system con\214guration \214le.)145.451 615 R .222(The primary use)5.222 F
+(of this feature is to add header lines.)102 627 Q 3.25(The con\214guration \
+\214le encodes macro de\214nitions, header de\214nitions, mailer de\214nitions\
+,)127 643.2 R(re)102 655.2 Q(writing rules, and options.)-.25 E F0 2.5
+(3.7.1. Macr)102 679.2 R(os)-.18 E F1 .332(Macros can be used in three w)142
+695.4 R 2.833(ays. Certain)-.1 F .333(macros transmit unstructured te)2.833 F
+.333(xtual informa-)-.15 F .07(tion into the mail system, such as the name)117
+707.4 R F2(sendmail)2.57 E F1 .07
+(will use to identify itself in error messages.)2.57 F 1.247
+(Other macros transmit information from)117 719.4 R F2(sendmail)3.747 E F1
+1.247(to the con\214guration \214le for use in creating)3.747 F EP
+%%Page: 8 8
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+/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 192.28(SMM:9-8 SENDMAIL)72 60 R 2.5<8a41>2.5 G 2.5(nI)
+383.99 60 S(nter)395.94 60 Q(netw)-.15 E(ork Mail Router)-.1 E/F1 10
+/Times-Roman@0 SF .312(other \214elds \(such as ar)117 96 R .312(gument v)-.18
+F .312(ectors to mailers\); e.g., the name of the sender)-.15 F 2.811(,a)-.4 G
+.311(nd the host and)442.237 96 R .848(user of the recipient.)117 108 R .848
+(Other macros are unused internally)5.848 F 3.348(,a)-.65 G .848
+(nd can be used as shorthand in the)361.142 108 R(con\214guration \214le.)117
+120 Q F0 2.5(3.7.2. Header)102 144 R(declarations)2.5 E F1 .355
+(Header declarations inform)142 160.2 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)2.854
+E F1 .354(of the format of kno)2.854 F .354(wn header lines.)-.25 F(Kno)5.354 E
+.354(wledge of)-.25 F 2.5(af)117 172.2 S .5 -.25(ew h)127.27 172.2 T
+(eader lines is b).25 E(uilt into)-.2 E F2(sendmail)2.5 E F1 2.5(,s)C
+(uch as the \231From:\232 and \231Date:\232 lines.)284.59 172.2 Q 1.201(Most c\
+on\214gured headers will be automatically inserted in the outgoing message if \
+the)142 188.4 R(y)-.15 E(don')117 200.4 Q 2.5(te)-.18 G
+(xist in the incoming message.)144.72 200.4 Q
+(Certain headers are suppressed by some mailers.)5 E F0 2.5(3.7.3. Mailer)102
+224.4 R(declarations)2.5 E F1 1.756(Mailer declarations tell)142 240.6 R F2
+(sendmail)4.256 E F1 1.756(of the v)4.256 F 1.756(arious mailers a)-.25 F -.25
+(va)-.2 G 1.756(ilable to it.).25 F 1.755(The de\214nition)6.755 F .119
+(speci\214es the internal name of the mailer)117 252.6 R 2.619(,t)-.4 G .12
+(he pathname of the program to call, some \215ags associ-)285.183 252.6 R 2.036
+(ated with the mailer)117 264.6 R 4.536(,a)-.4 G 2.036(nd an ar)213.894 264.6 R
+2.036(gument v)-.18 F 2.036(ector to be used on the call; this v)-.15 F 2.035
+(ector is macro-)-.15 F -.15(ex)117 276.6 S(panded before use.).15 E F0 2.5
+(3.7.4. Addr)102 300.6 R(ess r)-.18 E(ewriting rules)-.18 E F1 .458
+(The heart of address parsing in)142 316.8 R F2(sendmail)2.959 E F1 .459
+(is a set of re)2.959 F .459(writing rules.)-.25 F .459(These are an ordered)
+5.459 F .561(list of pattern-replacement rules, \(some)117 328.8 R .561
+(what lik)-.25 F 3.061(eap)-.1 G .561(roduction system, e)328.867 328.8 R .56
+(xcept that order is criti-)-.15 F 1.905
+(cal\), which are applied to each address.)117 340.8 R 1.905(The address is re)
+6.905 F 1.906(written te)-.25 F 1.906(xtually until it is either)-.15 F(re)117
+352.8 Q .308(written into a special canonical form \(i.e., a \(mailer)-.25 F
+2.807(,h)-.4 G .307(ost, user\) 3-tuple, such as {arpanet, usc-)342.118 352.8 R
+.64(isif, postel} representing the address \231postel@usc-isif\232\), or it f)
+117 364.8 R .641(alls of)-.1 F 3.141(ft)-.25 G .641(he end.)406.466 364.8 R
+.641(When a pattern)5.641 F(matches, the rule is reapplied until it f)117 376.8
+Q(ails.)-.1 E 1.222
+(The con\214guration \214le also supports the editing of addresses into dif)142
+393 R 1.221(ferent formats.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)6.221 G(r).15 E -.15(ex)117 405 S
+(ample, an address of the form:).15 E(ucsfcgl!tef)157 421.2 Q
+(might be mapped into:)117 437.4 Q(tef@ucsfcgl.UUCP)157 453.6 Q
+(to conform to the domain syntax.)117 469.8 Q -.35(Tr)5 G
+(anslations can also be done in the other direction.).35 E F0 2.5
+(3.7.5. Option)102 493.8 R(setting)2.5 E F1 1.168(There are se)142 510 R -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 1.169(ral options that can be set from the con\214guration \214le.)
+.15 F 1.169(These include the)6.169 F(pathnames of v)117 522 Q
+(arious support \214les, timeouts, def)-.25 E(ault modes, etc.)-.1 E F0 2.5
+(4. COMP)72 546 R(ARISON WITH O)-.74 E(THER MAILERS)-.4 E 2.5(4.1. Deli)87 570
+R -.1(ve)-.1 G(rmail).1 E F2(Sendmail)127 586.2 Q F1(is an outgro)2.5 E(wth of)
+-.25 E F2(delivermail)2.5 E F1 5(.T)C(he primary dif)301.18 586.2 Q
+(ferences are:)-.25 E 12.5(\(1\) Con\214guration)107 602.4 R .273
+(information is not compiled in.)2.773 F .272(This change simpli\214es man)
+5.273 F 2.772(yo)-.15 G 2.772(ft)445.686 602.4 S .272(he problems)454.568 602.4
+R(of mo)133.66 614.4 Q(ving to other machines.)-.15 E(It also allo)5 E
+(ws easy deb)-.25 E(ugging of ne)-.2 E 2.5(wm)-.25 G(ailers.)413.89 614.4 Q
+12.5(\(2\) Address)107 630.6 R .681(parsing is more \215e)3.181 F 3.182
+(xible. F)-.15 F .682(or e)-.15 F(xample,)-.15 E F2(delivermail)3.182 E F1 .682
+(only supported one g)3.182 F(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 3.182(yt).1 G(o)499
+630.6 Q(an)133.66 642.6 Q 2.817(yn)-.15 G(etw)155.767 642.6 Q .317
+(ork, whereas)-.1 F F2(sendmail)2.817 E F1 .317(can be sensiti)2.817 F .616
+-.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.816(oh).15 G .316(ost names and reroute to dif)345.224 642.6
+R .316(ferent g)-.25 F(ate-)-.05 E -.1(wa)133.66 654.6 S(ys.).1 E 12.5(\(3\) F)
+107 670.8 R(orw)-.15 E 1.627(arding and :include: features eliminate the requi\
+rement that the system alias \214le be)-.1 F .074(writable by an)133.66 682.8 R
+2.574(yu)-.15 G .073
+(ser \(or that an update program be written, or that the system administration)
+203.442 682.8 R(mak)133.66 694.8 Q 2.5(ea)-.1 G(ll changes\).)162.16 694.8 Q
+(\(4\))107 711 Q F2(Sendmail)133.66 711 Q F1 .4
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+(ace of so much bitter reality is be)-.1 E(yond me.)-.15 E -.15(Ku)97 236.4 S
+1.505(rt, Mark, Kirk McK).15 F 1.505(usick, Marvin Solomon, and man)-.15 F
+4.005(yo)-.15 G 1.504(thers ha)345.79 236.4 R 1.804 -.15(ve r)-.2 H -.25(ev).15
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+(Special thanks are reserv)97 264.6 R .846(ed for Mik)-.15 F 3.346(eS)-.1 G
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(REFERENCES)256.605 132 Q 62.73([Birrell82] Birrell,)72
+148.2 R 1.084(A. D., Le)3.584 F 1.084(vin, R., Needham, R. M., and Schroeder)
+-.25 F 3.584(,M)-.4 G 3.585(.D)433.49 148.2 S 1.085(., \231Grape)446.795 148.2
+R(vine:)-.25 E(An Ex)180 160.2 Q(ercise in Distrib)-.15 E(uted Computing.)-.2 E
+5<9a49>-.7 G(n)348.66 160.2 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Comm. A.C.M. 25,)2.5 E F0
+(4, April 82.)2.5 E 59.4([Borden79] Borden,)72 176.4 R .796
+(S., Gaines, R. S., and Shapiro, N. Z.,)3.296 F F1 .795(The MH Messa)3.295 F
+.995 -.1(ge H)-.1 H .795(andling Sys-).1 F(tem: User)180 188.4 Q(s' Manual.)-.1
+E F0(R-2367-P)5 E(AF)-.92 E 5(.R)-.8 G(and Corporation.)332.06 188.4 Q
+(October 1979.)5 E([Crock)72 204.6 Q 52.29(er77a] Crock)-.1 F(er)-.1 E 2.508
+(,D)-.4 G 2.508(.H)223.938 204.6 S .008(., V)236.166 204.6 R .009
+(ittal, J. J., Pogran, K. T)-.6 F .009(., and Henderson, D. A. Jr)-.74 F(.,)
+-.55 E F1(Standar)2.509 E 2.509(df)-.37 G(or)495.11 204.6 Q .955(the F)180
+216.6 R .955(ormat of ARP)-1.05 F 3.454(AN)-.9 G .954(etwork T)272.978 216.6 R
+-.2(ex)-.92 G 3.454(tM).2 G(essa)331.536 216.6 Q -.1(ge)-.1 G(s.).1 E F0 .954
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