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-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Kenneth D. Merry.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
-.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"	@(#)iostat.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
-.\"
-.Dd April 17, 2006
-.Dt IOSTAT 8
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm iostat
-.Nd report
-.Tn I/O
-statistics
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm
-.Op Fl CdhIKoTxz?\&
-.Op Fl c Ar count
-.Op Fl M Ar core
-.Op Fl n Ar devs
-.Op Fl N Ar system
-.Oo
-.Fl t
-.Sm off
-.Ar type , if , pass
-.Sm on
-.Oc
-.Op Fl w Ar wait
-.Op Ar drives
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Nm
-utility displays kernel
-.Tn I/O
-statistics on terminal, device and cpu operations.
-The first statistics that are printed are averaged over the system uptime.
-To get information about the current activity, a suitable wait time should
-be specified, so that the subsequent sets of printed statistics will be
-averaged over that time.
-.Pp
-The options are as follows:
-.Bl -tag -width flag
-.It Fl c
-Repeat the display
-.Ar count
-times.
-If no repeat
-.Ar count
-is specified, the default is infinity.
-.It Fl C
-Display CPU statistics.
-This is on by default, unless
-.Fl d
-is specified.
-.It Fl d
-Display only device statistics.
-If this flag is turned on, only device statistics will be displayed, unless
-.Fl C
-or
-.Fl T
-is also specified to enable the display of CPU or TTY statistics.
-.It Fl h
-Put
-.Nm
-in
-.Sq top
-mode.
-In this mode,
-.Nm
-will show devices in order from highest to lowest bytes
-per measurement cycle.
-.It Fl I
-Display total statistics for a given time period, rather than average
-statistics for each second during that time period.
-.It Fl K
-In the blocks transferred display (-o), display block count in kilobytes rather
-then the device native block size.
-.It Fl M
-Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
-instead of the default
-.Dq Pa /dev/kmem .
-.It Fl n
-Display up to
-.Ar devs
-number of devices.
-The
-.Nm
-utility will display fewer devices if there are not
-.Ar devs
-devices present.
-.It Fl N
-Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default
-.Dq Pa /boot/kernel/kernel .
-.It Fl o
-Display old-style
-.Nm
-device statistics.
-Sectors per second, transfers per second, and milliseconds per seek are
-displayed.
-If
-.Fl I
-is specified, total blocks/sectors, total transfers, and
-milliseconds per seek are displayed.
-.It Fl t
-Specify which types of devices to display.
-There are three different categories of devices:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It device type:
-.Bl -tag -width 9n -compact
-.It da
-Direct Access devices
-.It sa
-Sequential Access devices
-.It printer
-Printers
-.It proc
-Processor devices
-.It worm
-Write Once Read Multiple devices
-.It cd
-CD devices
-.It scanner
-Scanner devices
-.It optical
-Optical Memory devices
-.It changer
-Medium Changer devices
-.It comm
-Communication devices
-.It array
-Storage Array devices
-.It enclosure
-Enclosure Services devices
-.It floppy
-Floppy devices
-.El
-.Pp
-.It interface:
-.Bl -tag -width 9n -compact
-.It IDE
-Integrated Drive Electronics devices
-.It SCSI
-Small Computer System Interface devices
-.It other
-Any other device interface
-.El
-.Pp
-.It passthrough:
-.Bl -tag -width 9n -compact
-.It pass
-Passthrough devices
-.El
-.El
-.Pp
-The user must specify at least one device type, and may specify at most
-one device type from each category.
-Multiple device types in a single device type statement must be separated by
-commas.
-.Pp
-Any number of
-.Fl t
-arguments may be specified on the command line.
-All
-.Fl t
-arguments are ORed together to form a matching expression against which
-all devices in the system are compared.
-Any device that fully matches any
-.Fl t
-argument will be included in the
-.Nm
-output, up to the number of devices that can be displayed in
-80 columns, or the maximum number of devices specified by the user.
-.It Fl T
-Display TTY statistics.
-This is on by default, unless
-.Fl d
-is specified.
-.It Fl w
-Pause
-.Ar wait
-seconds between each display.
-If no
-.Ar wait
-interval is specified, the default is 1 second.
-.Pp
-The
-.Nm
-command will accept and honor a non-integer number of seconds.
-Note that the interval only has millisecond granularity.
-Finer values will be truncated.
-E.g.,
-.Dq Li -w1.0001
-is the same as
-.Dq Li -w1.000 .
-The interval will also suffer from modifications to
-.Va kern.hz
-so your mileage may vary.
-.It Fl x
-Show extended disk statistics.
-Each disk is displayed on a line of its own with all available statistics.
-.It Fl z
-If
-.Fl x
-is specified, omit lines for devices with no activity.
-.It Fl ?\&
-Display a usage statement and exit.
-.El
-.Pp
-The
-.Nm
-utility displays its information in the following format:
-.Bl -tag -width flag
-.It tty
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It tin
-characters read from terminals
-.It tout
-characters written to terminals
-.El
-.It devices
-Device operations.
-The header of the field is the device name and unit number.
-The
-.Nm
-utility
-will display as many devices as will fit in a standard 80 column screen, or
-the maximum number of devices in the system, whichever is smaller.
-If
-.Fl n
-is specified on the command line,
-.Nm
-will display the smaller of the
-requested number of devices, and the maximum number of devices in the system.
-To force
-.Nm
-to display specific drives, their names may be supplied on the command
-line.
-The
-.Nm
-utility
-will not display more devices than will fit in an 80 column screen, unless
-the
-.Fl n
-argument is given on the command line to specify a maximum number of
-devices to display.
-If fewer devices are specified on the command line than will fit in an 80
-column screen,
-.Nm
-will show only the specified devices.
-.Pp
-The standard
-.Nm
-device display shows the following statistics:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It KB/t
-kilobytes per transfer
-.It tps
-transfers per second
-.It MB/s
-megabytes per second
-.El
-.Pp
-The standard
-.Nm
-device display, with the
-.Fl I
-flag specified, shows the following statistics:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It KB/t
-kilobytes per transfer
-.It xfrs
-total number of transfers
-.It MB
-total number of megabytes transferred
-.El
-.Pp
-The extended
-.Nm
-device display, with the
-.Fl x
-flag specified, shows the following statistics:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It r/s
-read operations per second
-.It w/s
-write operations per second
-.It kr/s
-kilobytes read per second
-.It kw/s
-kilobytes write per second
-.It wait
-transactions queue length
-.It svc_t
-average duration of transactions, in milliseconds
-.It %b
-% of time the device had one or more outstanding transactions
-.El
-.Pp
-The old-style
-.Nm
-display (using
-.Fl o )
-shows the following statistics:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It sps
-sectors transferred per second
-.It tps
-transfers per second
-.It msps
-average milliseconds per transaction
-.El
-.Pp
-The old-style
-.Nm
-display, with the
-.Fl I
-flag specified, shows the following statistics:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It blk
-total blocks/sectors transferred
-.It xfr
-total transfers
-.It msps
-average milliseconds per transaction
-.El
-.It cpu
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It \&us
-% of cpu time in user mode
-.It \&ni
-% of cpu time in user mode running niced processes
-.It \&sy
-% of cpu time in system mode
-.It \&in
-% of cpu time in interrupt mode
-.It \&id
-% of cpu time in idle mode
-.El
-.El
-.Sh FILES
-.Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
-.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
-Default kernel namelist.
-.It Pa /dev/kmem
-Default memory file.
-.El
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-.Dl iostat -w 1 da0 da1 cd0
-.Pp
-Display statistics for the first two Direct Access devices and the first
-CDROM device every second ad infinitum.
-.Pp
-.Dl iostat -c 2
-.Pp
-Display the statistics for the first four devices in the system twice, with
-a one second display interval.
-.Pp
-.Dl iostat -t da -t cd -w 1
-.Pp
-Display statistics for all CDROM and Direct Access devices every second
-ad infinitum.
-.Pp
-.Dl iostat -t da,scsi,pass -t cd,scsi,pass
-.Pp
-Display statistics once for all SCSI passthrough devices that provide access
-to either Direct Access or CDROM devices.
-.Pp
-.Dl iostat -h -n 8 -w 1
-.Pp
-Display up to 8 devices with the most I/O every second ad infinitum.
-.Pp
-.Dl iostat -dh -t da -w 1
-.Pp
-Omit the TTY and CPU displays, show devices in order of performance and
-show only Direct Access devices every second ad infinitum.
-.Pp
-.Dl iostat -Iw 3
-.Pp
-Display total statistics every three seconds ad infinitum.
-.Pp
-.Dl iostat -odICTw 2 -c 9
-.Pp
-Display total statistics using the old-style output format 9 times, with
-a two second interval between each measurement/display.
-The
-.Fl d
-flag generally disables the TTY and CPU displays, but since the
-.Fl T
-and
-.Fl C
-flags are given, the TTY and CPU displays will be displayed.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr fstat 1 ,
-.Xr netstat 1 ,
-.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
-.Xr ps 1 ,
-.Xr systat 1 ,
-.Xr devstat 3 ,
-.Xr gstat 8 ,
-.Xr pstat 8 ,
-.Xr vmstat 8
-.Pp
-The sections starting with ``Interpreting system activity'' in
-.%T "Installing and Operating 4.3BSD" .
-.Sh HISTORY
-This version of
-.Nm
-first appeared in
-.Fx 3.0 .
-.Sh AUTHORS
-.An Kenneth Merry Aq ken@FreeBSD.org
-.Sh BUGS
-The use of
-.Nm
-as a debugging tool for crash dumps is probably limited because there is
-currently no way to get statistics that only cover the time immediately before
-the crash.