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+.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
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+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
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+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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+.\"
+.\"     From: @(#)whois.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
+.\" $FreeBSD$
+.\"
+.Dd October 2, 2009
+.Dt WHOIS 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm whois
+.Nd "Internet domain name and network number directory service"
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Op Fl aAbfgiIklmQrR
+.Op Fl c Ar country-code | Fl h Ar host
+.Op Fl p Ar port
+.Ar name ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+utility looks up records in the databases maintained by several
+Network Information Centers
+.Pq Tn NICs .
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl a
+Use the American Registry for Internet Numbers
+.Pq Tn ARIN
+database.
+It contains network numbers used in those parts of the world covered neither by
+.Tn APNIC , AfriNIC , LACNIC ,
+nor by
+.Tn RIPE .
+.Pp
+(Hint: All point of contact handles in the
+.Tn ARIN
+whois database end with
+.Qq Li -ARIN . )
+.It Fl A
+Use the Asia/Pacific Network Information Center
+.Pq Tn APNIC
+database.
+It contains network numbers used in East Asia, Australia,
+New Zealand, and the Pacific islands.
+.It Fl b
+Use the Network Abuse Clearinghouse database.
+It contains addresses to which network abuse should be reported,
+indexed by domain name.
+.It Fl c Ar country-code
+This is the equivalent of using the
+.Fl h
+option with an argument of
+.Qq Ar country-code Ns Li .whois-servers.net .
+.It Fl f
+Use the African Network Information Centre
+.Pq Tn AfriNIC
+database.
+It contains network numbers used in Africa and the islands of the
+western Indian Ocean.
+.It Fl g
+Use the US non-military federal government database, which contains points of
+contact for subdomains of
+.Pa .GOV .
+.It Fl h Ar host
+Use the specified host instead of the default variant.
+Either a host name or an IP address may be specified.
+.Pp
+By default
+.Nm
+constructs the name of a whois server to use from the top-level domain
+.Pq Tn TLD
+of the supplied (single) argument, and appending
+.Qq Li .whois-servers.net .
+This effectively allows a suitable whois server to be selected
+automatically for a large number of
+.Tn TLDs .
+.Pp
+In the event that an IP
+address is specified, the whois server will default to the American
+Registry for Internet Numbers
+.Pq Tn ARIN .
+If a query to
+.Tn ARIN
+references
+.Tn APNIC , AfriNIC , LACNIC ,
+or
+.Tn RIPE ,
+that server will be queried also, provided that the
+.Fl Q
+option is not specified.
+.Pp
+If the query is not a domain name or IP address,
+.Nm
+will fall back to
+.Pa whois.crsnic.net .
+.It Fl i
+Use the Network Solutions Registry for Internet Numbers
+.Pq Pa whois.networksolutions.com
+database.
+It contains network numbers and domain contact information for most of
+.Pa .COM , .NET , .ORG
+and
+.Pa .EDU
+domains.
+.Pp
+.Sy NOTE !
+The registration of these domains is now done by a number of
+independent and competing registrars and this database holds no information
+on the domains registered by organizations other than Network Solutions, Inc.
+Also, note that the
+.Tn InterNIC
+database
+.Pq Pa whois.internic.net
+is no longer handled by Network Solutions, Inc.
+For details, see
+.Pa http://www.internic.net/ .
+.Pp
+(Hint: Contact information, identified by the term
+.Em handle ,
+can be looked up by prefixing
+.Qq Li "handle "
+to the
+.Tn NIC
+handle in the query.)
+.It Fl I
+Use the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
+.Pq Tn IANA
+database.
+It contains network information for top-level domains.
+.It Fl k
+Use the National Internet Development Agency of Korea's
+.Pq Tn KRNIC
+database.
+It contains network numbers and domain contact information
+for Korea.
+.It Fl l
+Use the Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry
+.Pq Tn LACNIC
+database.
+It contains network numbers used in much of Latin America and the
+Caribbean.
+.It Fl m
+Use the Route Arbiter Database
+.Pq Tn RADB
+database.
+It contains route policy specifications for a large
+number of operators' networks.
+.It Fl p Ar port
+Connect to the whois server on
+.Ar port .
+If this option is not specified,
+.Nm
+defaults to port 43.
+.It Fl Q
+Do a quick lookup.
+This means that
+.Nm
+will not attempt to lookup the name in the authoritative whois
+server (if one is listed).
+This option has no effect when combined with any other options.
+.It Fl r
+Use the R\(aaeseaux IP Europ\(aaeens
+.Pq Tn RIPE
+database.
+It contains network numbers and domain contact information
+for Europe.
+.It Fl R
+Use the Russia Network Information Center
+.Pq Tn RIPN
+database.
+It contains network numbers and domain contact information
+for subdomains of
+.Pa .RU .
+This option is deprecated; use the
+.Fl c
+option with an argument of
+.Qq Li RU
+instead.
+.El
+.Pp
+The operands specified to
+.Nm
+are treated independently and may be used
+as queries on different whois servers.
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+.Ex -std
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Most types of data, such as domain names and
+.Tn IP
+addresses, can be used as arguments to
+.Nm
+without any options, and
+.Nm
+will choose the correct whois server to query.
+Some exceptions, where
+.Nm
+will not be able to handle data correctly, are detailed below.
+.Pp
+To obtain contact information about an
+administrator located in the Russian
+.Tn TLD
+domain
+.Qq Li RU ,
+use the
+.Fl c
+option as shown in the following example, where
+.Ar CONTACT-ID
+is substituted with the actual contact identifier.
+.Pp
+.Dl "whois -c RU CONTACT-ID"
+.Pp
+(Note: This example is specific to the
+.Tn TLD
+.Qq Li RU ,
+but other
+.Tn TLDs
+can be queried by using a similar syntax.)
+.Pp
+The following example demonstrates how to query
+a whois server using a non-standard port, where
+.Dq Li query-data
+is the query to be sent to
+.Dq Li whois.example.com
+on port
+.Dq Li rwhois
+(written numerically as 4321).
+.Pp
+.Dl "whois -h whois.example.com -p rwhois query-data"
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Rs
+.%A Ken Harrenstien
+.%A Vic White
+.%T NICNAME/WHOIS
+.%D 1 March 1982
+.%O RFC 812
+.Re
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+command appeared in
+.Bx 4.3 .