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diff --git a/usr.bin/mail/USD.doc/mail4.nr b/usr.bin/mail/USD.doc/mail4.nr deleted file mode 100644 index b67bf03..0000000 --- a/usr.bin/mail/USD.doc/mail4.nr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,437 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 -.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" @(#)mail4.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 -.\" -.bp -.sh 1 "More about sending mail" -.sh 2 "Tilde escapes" -.pp -While typing in a message to be sent to others, it is often -useful to be able to invoke the text editor on the partial message, -print the message, execute a shell command, or do some other -auxiliary function. -.i Mail -provides these capabilities through -.i "tilde escapes" , -which consist of a tilde (~) at the beginning of a line, followed by -a single character which indicates the function to be performed. For -example, to print the text of the message so far, use: -.(l -~p -.)l -which will print a line of dashes, the recipients of your message, and -the text of the message so far. -Since -.i Mail -requires two consecutive \s-2RUBOUT\s0's to abort a letter, you -can use a single \s-2RUBOUT\s0 to abort the output of ~p or any other -~ escape without killing your letter. -.pp -If you are dissatisfied with the message as -it stands, you can invoke the text editor on it using the escape -.(l -~e -.)l -which causes the message to be copied into a temporary file and an -instance of the editor to be spawned. After modifying the message to -your satisfaction, write it out and quit the editor. -.i Mail -will respond -by typing -.(l -(continue) -.)l -after which you may continue typing text which will be appended to your -message, or type <control-d> to end the message. -A standard text editor is provided by -.i Mail . -You can override this default by setting the valued option -.q EDITOR -to something else. For example, you might prefer: -.(l -set EDITOR=/usr/ucb/ex -.)l -.pp -Many systems offer a screen editor as an alternative to the standard -text editor, such as the -.i vi -editor from UC Berkeley. -To use the screen, or -.i visual -editor, on your current message, you can use the escape, -.(l -~v -.)l -~v works like ~e, except that the screen editor is invoked instead. -A default screen editor is defined by -.i Mail . -If it does not suit you, you can set the valued option -.q VISUAL -to the path name of a different editor. -.pp -It is often useful to be able to include the contents of some -file in your message; the escape -.(l -~r filename -.)l -is provided for this purpose, and causes the named file to be appended -to your current message. -.i Mail -complains if the file doesn't exist -or can't be read. If the read is successful, the number of lines and -characters appended to your message is printed, after which you may continue -appending text. The filename may contain shell metacharacters like * and ? -which are expanded according to the conventions of your shell. -.pp -As a special case of ~r, the escape -.(l -~d -.)l -reads in the file -.q dead.letter -in your home directory. This is often useful since -.i Mail -copies the text -of your message there when you abort a message with \s-2RUBOUT\s0. -.pp -To save the current text of your message on a file you may use the -.(l -~w filename -.)l -escape. -.i Mail -will print out the number of lines and characters written -to the file, after which you may continue appending text to your message. -Shell metacharacters may be used in the filename, as in ~r and are expanded -with the conventions of your shell. -.pp -If you are sending mail from within -.i Mail's -command mode -you can read a message sent to you into the message -you are constructing with the escape: -.(l -~m 4 -.)l -which will read message 4 into the current message, shifted right by -one tab stop. You can name any non-deleted message, or list of messages. -Messages can also be forwarded without shifting by a tab stop with ~f. -This is the usual way to forward a message. -.pp -If, in the process of composing a message, you decide to add additional -people to the list of message recipients, you can do so with the escape -.(l -~t name1 name2 ... -.)l -You may name as few or many additional recipients as you wish. Note -that the users originally on the recipient list will still receive -the message; you cannot remove someone from the recipient -list with ~t. -.pp -If you wish, you can associate a subject with your message by using the -escape -.(l -~s Arbitrary string of text -.)l -which replaces any previous subject with -.q "Arbitrary string of text." -The subject, if given, is sent near the -top of the message prefixed with -.q "Subject:" -You can see what the message will look like by using ~p. -.pp -For political reasons, one occasionally prefers to list certain -people as recipients of carbon copies of a message rather than -direct recipients. The escape -.(l -~c name1 name2 ... -.)l -adds the named people to the -.q "Cc:" -list, similar to ~t. -Again, you can execute ~p to see what the message will look like. -.pp -The escape -.(l -~b name1 name2 ... -.)l -adds the named people to the -.q "Cc:" -list, but does not make the names visible in the -.q "Cc:" -line ("blind" carbon copy). -.pp -The recipients of the message together constitute the -.q "To:" -field, the subject the -.q "Subject:" -field, and the carbon copies the -.q "Cc:" -field. If you wish to edit these in ways impossible with the ~t, ~s, ~c -and ~b escapes, you can use the escape -.(l -~h -.)l -which prints -.q "To:" -followed by the current list of recipients and leaves the cursor -(or printhead) at the end of the line. If you type in ordinary -characters, they are appended to the end of the current list of -recipients. You can also use your erase character to erase back into -the list of recipients, or your kill character to erase them altogether. -Thus, for example, if your erase and kill characters are the standard -(on printing terminals) # and @ symbols, -.(l -~h -To: root kurt####bill -.)l -would change the initial recipients -.q "root kurt" -to -.q "root bill." -When you type a newline, -.i Mail -advances to the -.q "Subject:" -field, where the same rules apply. Another newline brings you to -the -.q "Cc:" -field, which may be edited in the same fashion. Another newline -brings you to the -.q "Bcc:" -("blind" carbon copy) field, which follows the same rules as the "Cc:" -field. Another newline -leaves you appending text to the end of your message. You can use -~p to print the current text of the header fields and the body -of the message. -.pp -To effect a temporary escape to the shell, the escape -.(l -~!command -.)l -is used, which executes -.i command -and returns you to mailing mode without altering the text of -your message. If you wish, instead, to filter the body of your -message through a shell command, then you can use -.(l -~|command -.)l -which pipes your message through the command and uses the output -as the new text of your message. If the command produces no output, -.i Mail -assumes that something is amiss and retains the old version -of your message. A frequently-used filter is the command -.i fmt , -designed to format outgoing mail. -.pp -To effect a temporary escape to -.i Mail -command mode instead, you can use the -.(l -~:\fIMail command\fP -.)l -escape. This is especially useful for retyping the message you are -replying to, using, for example: -.(l -~:t -.)l -It is also useful for setting options and modifying aliases. -.pp -If you wish abort the current message, you can use the escape -.(l -~q -.)l -This will terminate the current message and return you to the -shell (or \fIMail\fP if you were using the \fBmail\fP command). -If the \fBsave\fP option is set, the message will be copied -to the file -.q dead.letter -in your home directory. -.pp -If you wish (for some reason) to send a message that contains -a line beginning with a tilde, you must double it. Thus, for example, -.(l -~~This line begins with a tilde. -.)l -sends the line -.(l -~This line begins with a tilde. -.)l -.pp -Finally, the escape -.(l -~? -.)l -prints out a brief summary of the available tilde escapes. -.pp -On some terminals (particularly ones with no lower case) -tilde's are difficult to type. -.i Mail -allows you to change the escape character with the -.q escape -option. For example, I set -.(l -set escape=] -.)l -and use a right bracket instead of a tilde. If I ever need to -send a line beginning with right bracket, I double it, just as for ~. -Changing the escape character removes the special meaning of ~. -.sh 2 "Network access" -.pp -This section describes how to send mail to people on other machines. -Recall that sending to a plain login name sends mail to that person -on your machine. If your machine is directly (or sometimes, even, -indirectly) connected to the Arpanet, you can send messages to people -on the Arpanet using a name of the form -.(l -name@host.domain -.)l -where -.i name -is the login name of the person you're trying to reach, -.i host -is the name of the machine on the Arpanet, -and -.i domain -is the higher-level scope within which the hostname is known, e.g. EDU (for educational -institutions), COM (for commercial entities), GOV (for governmental agencies), -ARPA for many other things, BITNET or CSNET for those networks. -.pp -If your recipient logs in on a machine connected to yours by -UUCP (the Bell Laboratories supplied network that communicates -over telephone lines), sending mail can be a bit more complicated. -You must know the list of machines through which your message must -travel to arrive at his site. So, if his machine is directly connected -to yours, you can send mail to him using the syntax: -.(l -host!name -.)l -where, again, -.i host -is the name of the machine and -.i name -is the login name. -If your message must go through an intermediary machine first, you -must use the syntax: -.(l -intermediary!host!name -.)l -and so on. It is actually a feature of UUCP that the map of all -the systems in the network is not known anywhere (except where people -decide to write it down for convenience). Talk to your system administrator -about good ways to get places; the -.i uuname -command will tell you systems whose names are recognized, but not which -ones are frequently called or well-connected. -.pp -When you use the -.b reply -command to respond to a letter, there is a problem of figuring out the -names of the users in the -.q "To:" -and -.q "Cc:" -lists -.i "relative to the current machine" . -If the original letter was sent to you by someone on the local machine, -then this problem does not exist, but if the message came from a remote -machine, the problem must be dealt with. -.i Mail -uses a heuristic to build the correct name for each user relative -to the local machine. So, when you -.b reply -to remote mail, the names in the -.q "To:" -and -.q "Cc:" -lists may change somewhat. -.sh 2 "Special recipients" -.pp -As described previously, you can send mail to either user names or -.b alias -names. It is also possible to send messages directly to files or to -programs, using special conventions. If a recipient name has a -`/' in it or begins with a `+', it is assumed to be the -path name of a file into which -to send the message. If the file already exists, the message is -appended to the end of the file. If you want to name a file in -your current directory (ie, one for which a `/' would not usually -be needed) you can precede the name with `./' -So, to send mail to the file -.q memo -in the current directory, you can give the command: -.(l -% Mail ./memo -.)l -If the name begins with a `+,' it is expanded into the full path name -of the folder name in your folder directory. -This ability to send mail to files can be used for a variety of -purposes, such as maintaining a journal and keeping a record of -mail sent to a certain group of users. The second example can be -done automatically by including the full pathname of the record -file in the -.b alias -command for the group. Using our previous -.b alias -example, you might give the command: -.(l -alias project sam sally steve susan /usr/project/mail_record -.)l -Then, all mail sent to "project" would be saved on the file -.q /usr/project/mail_record -as well as being sent to the members of the project. This file -can be examined using -.i "Mail \-f" . -.pp -It is sometimes useful to send mail directly to a program, for -example one might write a project billboard program and want to access -it using -.i Mail . -To send messages to the billboard program, one can send mail -to the special name `|billboard' for example. -.i Mail -treats recipient names that begin with a `|' as a program to send -the mail to. An -.b alias -can be set up to reference a `|' prefaced name if desired. -.i Caveats : -the shell treats `|' specially, so it must be quoted on the command -line. Also, the `| program' must be presented as a single argument to -mail. The safest course is to surround the entire name with double -quotes. This also applies to usage in the -.b alias -command. For example, if we wanted to alias `rmsgs' to `rmsgs \-s' -we would need to say: -.(l -alias rmsgs "| rmsgs -s" -.)l |
