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diff --git a/usr.bin/mail/USD.doc/mail2.nr b/usr.bin/mail/USD.doc/mail2.nr deleted file mode 100644 index f64aaa6..0000000 --- a/usr.bin/mail/USD.doc/mail2.nr +++ /dev/null @@ -1,617 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 -.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" @(#)mail2.nr 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 -.\" -.bp -.sh 1 "Common usage" -.pp -The -.i Mail -command has two distinct usages, according to whether one -wants to send or receive mail. Sending mail is simple: to send a -message to a user whose login name is, say, -\*(lqroot,\*(rq -use the shell -command: -.(l -% Mail root -.)l -then type your message. When you reach the end of the message, type -an EOT (control\-d) at the beginning of a line, which will cause -.i Mail -to echo \*(lqEOT\*(rq and return you to the Shell. When the user you sent mail -to next logs in, he will receive the message: -.(l -You have mail. -.)l -to alert him to the existence of your message. -.pp -If, while you are composing the message -you decide that you do not wish to send it after all, you can -abort the letter with a \s-2RUBOUT\s0. Typing a single \s-2RUBOUT\s0 -causes -.i Mail -to print -.(l -(Interrupt -- one more to kill letter) -.)l -Typing a second -\s-2RUBOUT\s0 causes -.i Mail -to save your partial letter on the file -.q dead.letter -in your home directory and abort the letter. -Once you have -sent mail to someone, there is no way to undo the act, so be -careful. -.pp -The message your recipient reads will consist of the message you -typed, preceded by a line telling who sent the message (your login name) -and the date and time it -was sent. -.pp -If you want to send the same message to several other people, you can list -their login names on the command line. -Thus, -.(l -% Mail sam bob john -Tuition fees are due next Friday. Don't forget!! -<Control\-d> -EOT -% -.)l -will send the reminder to sam, bob, and john. -.pp -If, when you log in, you see the message, -.(l -You have mail. -.)l -you can read the mail by typing simply: -.(l -% Mail -.)l -.i Mail -will respond by typing its version number and date and then listing -the messages you have waiting. Then it will type a prompt and await -your command. The messages are assigned numbers starting with 1 \*- you -refer to the messages with these numbers. -.i Mail -keeps track of which messages are -.i new -(have been sent since you last read your mail) and -.i read -(have been read by you). New messages have an -.b N -next to them in the header listing and old, but unread messages have -a -.b U -next to them. -.i Mail -keeps track of new/old and read/unread messages by putting a -header field called -.q Status -into your messages. -.pp -To look at a specific message, use the -.b type -command, which may be abbreviated to simply -.b t . -For example, if you had the following messages: -.(l -N 1 root Wed Sep 21 09:21 "Tuition fees" -N 2 sam Tue Sep 20 22:55 -.)l -you could examine the first message by giving the command: -.(l -type 1 -.)l -which might cause -.i Mail -to respond with, for example: -.(l -Message 1: -From root Wed Sep 21 09:21:45 1978 -Subject: Tuition fees -Status: R - -Tuition fees are due next Wednesday. Don't forget!! - -.)l -Many -.i Mail -commands that operate on messages take a message number as an -argument like the -.b type -command. For these commands, there is a notion of a current -message. When you enter the -.i Mail -program, the current message is initially the first one. Thus, -you can often omit the message number and use, for example, -.(l -t -.)l -to type the current message. As a further shorthand, you can type a message -by simply giving its message number. Hence, -.(l -1 -.)l -would type the first message. -.pp -Frequently, it is useful to read the messages in your mailbox in order, -one after another. You can read the next message in -.i Mail -by simply typing a newline. As a special case, you can type a newline -as your first command to -.i Mail -to type the first message. -.pp -If, after typing a message, you wish to immediately send a reply, -you can do so with the -.b reply -command. -.b Reply , -like -.b type , -takes a message number as an argument. -.i Mail -then begins a message addressed to the user who sent you the message. -You may then type in your letter in reply, followed by a <control-d> -at the beginning of a line, as before. -.i Mail -will type EOT, then type the ampersand prompt to indicate its readiness -to accept another command. In our example, if, after typing the -first message, you wished to reply to it, you might give the command: -.(l -reply -.)l -.i Mail -responds by typing: -.(l -To: root -Subject: Re: Tuition fees -.)l -and waiting for you to enter your letter. -You are now in the message collection mode described at the beginning -of this section and -.i Mail -will gather up your message up to a control\-d. -Note that it copies the subject -header from the original message. This is useful in that correspondence -about a particular matter will tend to retain the same subject heading, -making it easy to recognize. If there are other header fields in -the message, the information found will also be used. -For example, if the letter had a -.q "To:" -header listing several recipients, -.i Mail -would arrange to send your replay to the same people as well. -Similarly, if the original message contained a -.q "Cc:" -(carbon copies to) field, -.i Mail -would send your reply to -.i those -users, too. -.i Mail -is careful, though, not too send the message to -.i you , -even if you appear in the -.q "To:" -or -.q "Cc:" -field, unless you ask to be included explicitly. See section 4 for more -details. -.pp -After typing in your letter, the dialog with -.i Mail -might look like the following: -.(l -reply -To: root -Subject: Tuition fees - -Thanks for the reminder -EOT -& -.)l -.pp -The -.b reply -command is especially useful for sustaining extended conversations -over the message system, with other -.q listening -users receiving copies of the conversation. The -.b reply -command can be abbreviated to -.b r . -.pp -Sometimes you will receive a message that has been sent to -several people and wish to reply -.i only -to the person who sent it. -.b Reply -with a capital -.b R -replies to a message, but sends a copy to the sender only. -.pp -If you wish, while reading your mail, to send a message to someone, -but not as a reply to one of your messages, you can send the message -directly with the -.b mail -command, which takes as arguments the names of the recipients you wish -to send to. For example, to send a message to -.q frank, -you would do: -.(l -mail frank -This is to confirm our meeting next Friday at 4. -EOT -& -.)l -The -.b mail -command can be abbreviated to -.b m . -.pp -Normally, each message you receive is saved in the file -.i mbox -in your login directory at the time you leave -.i Mail . -Often, -however, you will not want to save a particular message you -have received because it is only of passing interest. To avoid -saving a message in -.i mbox -you can delete it using the -.b delete -command. In our example, -.(l -delete 1 -.)l -will prevent -.i Mail -from saving message 1 (from root) in -.i mbox . -In addition to not saving deleted messages, -.i Mail -will not let -you type them, either. The effect is to make the message disappear -altogether, along with its number. The -.b delete -command can be abbreviated to simply -.b d . -.pp -Many features of -.i Mail -can be tailored to your liking with the -.b set -command. The -.b set -command has two forms, depending on whether you are setting -a -.i binary -option or a -.i valued -option. -Binary options are either on or off. For example, the -.q ask -option informs -.i Mail -that each time you send a message, you want it to prompt you for -a subject header, to be included in the message. -To set the -.q ask -option, you would type -.(l -set ask -.)l -.pp -Another useful -.i Mail -option is -.q hold. -Unless told otherwise, -.i Mail -moves the messages from your system mailbox to the file -.i mbox -in your home directory when you leave -.i Mail . -If you want -.i Mail -to keep your letters in the system mailbox instead, you can set the -.q hold -option. -.pp -Valued options are values which -.i Mail -uses to adapt to your tastes. For example, the -.q SHELL -option tells -.i Mail -which shell you like to use, and is specified by -.(l -set SHELL=/bin/csh -.)l -for example. Note that no spaces are allowed in -.q "SHELL=/bin/csh." -A complete list of the -.i Mail -options appears in section 5. -.pp -Another important valued option is -.q crt. -If you use a fast video terminal, you will find that when you -print long messages, they fly by too quickly for you to read them. -With the -.q crt -option, you can make -.i Mail -print any message larger than a given number of lines by sending -it through a paging program. This program is specified by the -valued option \fBPAGER\fP. -If \fBPAGER\fP is not set, a default paginator is used. -For example, most CRT users with 24-line screens should do: -.(l -set crt=24 -.)l -to paginate messages that will not fit on their screens. -In the default state, \fImore\fP (default paginator) prints a screenful of -information, then types --More--. Type a space to see the next screenful. -.pp -Another adaptation to user needs that -.i Mail -provides is that of -.i aliases . -An alias is simply a name which stands for one or more -real user names. -.i Mail -sent to an alias is really sent to the list of real users -associated with it. For example, an alias can be defined for the -members of a project, so that you can send mail to the whole project -by sending mail to just a single name. The -.b alias -command in -.i Mail -defines an alias. Suppose that the users in a project are -named Sam, Sally, Steve, and Susan. To define an alias called -.q project -for them, you would use the -.i Mail -command: -.(l -alias project sam sally steve susan -.)l -The -.b alias -command can also be used to provide a convenient name for someone -whose user name is inconvenient. For example, if a user named -.q "Bob Anderson" -had the login name -.q anderson," -you might want to use: -.(l -alias bob anderson -.)l -so that you could send mail to the shorter name, -.q bob. -.pp -While the -.b alias -and -.b set -commands allow you to customize -.i Mail , -they have the drawback that they must be retyped each time you enter -.i Mail . -To make them more convenient to use, -.i Mail -always looks for two files when it is invoked. It first reads -a system wide file -.q /usr/lib/Mail.rc, -then a user specific file, -.q .mailrc, -which is found in the user's home directory. -The system wide file -is maintained by the system administrator and -contains -.b set -commands that are applicable to all users of the system. -The -.q .mailrc -file is usually used by each user to set options the way he likes -and define individual aliases. -For example, my .mailrc file looks like this: -.(l -set ask nosave SHELL=/bin/csh -.)l -As you can see, it is possible to set many options in the -same -.b set -command. The -.q nosave -option is described in section 5. -.pp -Mail aliasing is implemented -at the system-wide level -by the mail delivery -system -.i sendmail . -These aliases are stored in the file /usr/lib/aliases and are -accessible to all users of the system. -The lines in /usr/lib/aliases are of -the form: -.(l -alias: name\*<1\*>, name\*<2\*>, name\*<3\*> -.)l -where -.i alias -is the mailing list name and the -.i name\*<i\*> -are the members of the list. Long lists can be continued onto the next -line by starting the next line with a space or tab. Remember that you -must execute the shell command -.i newaliases -after editing /usr/lib/aliases since the delivery system -uses an indexed file created by -.i newaliases . -.pp -We have seen that -.i Mail -can be invoked with command line arguments which are people -to send the message to, or with no arguments to read mail. -Specifying the -.rb \-f -flag on the command line causes -.i Mail -to read messages from a file other than your system mailbox. -For example, if you have a collection of messages in -the file -.q letters -you can use -.i Mail -to read them with: -.(l -% Mail \-f letters -.)l -You can use all -the -.i Mail -commands described in this document to examine, modify, or delete -messages from your -.q letters -file, which will be rewritten when you leave -.i Mail -with the -.b quit -command described below. -.pp -Since mail that you read is saved in the file -.i mbox -in your home directory by default, you can read -.i mbox -in your home directory by using simply -.(l -% Mail \-f -.)l -.pp -Normally, messages that you examine using the -.b type -command are saved in the file -.q mbox -in your home directory if you leave -.i Mail -with the -.b quit -command described below. -If you wish to retain a message in your system mailbox -you can use the -.b preserve -command to tell -.i Mail -to leave it there. -The -.b preserve -command accepts a list of message numbers, just like -.b type -and may be abbreviated to -.b pre . -.pp -Messages in your system mailbox that you do not examine are -normally retained in your system mailbox automatically. -If you wish to have such a message saved in -.i mbox -without reading it, you may use the -.b mbox -command to have them so saved. For example, -.(l -mbox 2 -.)l -in our example would cause the second message (from sam) -to be saved in -.i mbox -when the -.b quit -command is executed. -.b Mbox -is also the way to direct messages to your -.i mbox -file if you have set the -.q hold -option described above. -.b Mbox -can be abbreviated to -.b mb . -.pp -When you have perused all the messages of interest, you can leave -.i Mail -with the -.b quit -command, which saves the messages you have typed but not -deleted in the file -.i mbox -in your login directory. Deleted messages are discarded irretrievably, -and messages left untouched are preserved in your system mailbox so -that you will see them the next time you type: -.(l -% Mail -.)l -The -.b quit -command can be abbreviated to simply -.b q . -.pp -If you wish for some reason to leave -.i Mail -quickly without altering either your system mailbox or -.i mbox , -you can type the -.b x -command (short for -.b exit ), -which will immediately return you to the Shell without changing anything. -.pp -If, instead, you want to execute a Shell command without leaving -.i Mail , -you -can type the command preceded by an exclamation point, just as in the -text editor. Thus, for instance: -.(l -!date -.)l -will print the current date without leaving -.i Mail . -.pp -Finally, the -.b help -command is available to print out a brief summary of the -.i Mail -commands, using only the single character command abbreviations. |
