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-.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
-.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)find.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 4/1/94
-.\"
-.Dd April 1, 1994
-.Dt FIND 1
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm find
-.Nd walk a file hierarchy
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm find
-.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
-.Op Fl Xdx
-.Op Fl f Ar file
-.Op Ar file ...
-.Ar expression
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm Find
-recursively descends the directory tree for each
-.Ar file
-listed, evaluating an
-.Ar expression
-(composed of the ``primaries'' and ``operands'' listed below) in terms
-of each file in the tree.
-.Pp
-The options are as follows:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fl H
-The
-.Fl H
-option causes the file information and file type (see
-.Xr stat 2)
-returned for each symbolic link specified on the command line to be
-those of the file referenced by the link, not the link itself.
-If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
-be for the link itself. File information of all symbolic links not on
-the command line is that of the link itself.
-.It Fl L
-The
-.Fl L
-option causes the file information and file type (see
-.Xr stat 2)
-returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the
-link, not the link itself.
-If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will
-be for the link itself.
-.It Fl P
-The
-.Fl P
-option causes the file information and file type (see
-.Xr stat 2)
-returned for each symbolic link to be those of the link itself.
-.It Fl X
-The
-.Fl X
-option is a modification to permit
-.Nm
-to be safely used in conjunction with
-.Xr xargs 1 .
-If a file name contains any of the delimiting characters used by
-.Xr xargs ,
-a diagnostic message is displayed on standard error, and the file
-is skipped.
-The delimiting characters include single (`` ' '') and double (`` " '')
-quotes, backslash (``\e''), space, tab and newline characters.
-.It Fl d
-The
-.Fl d
-option causes
-.Nm find
-to perform a depth\-first traversal, i.e. directories
-are visited in post\-order and all entries in a directory will be acted
-on before the directory itself.
-By default,
-.Nm find
-visits directories in pre\-order, i.e. before their contents.
-Note, the default is
-.Ar not
-a breadth\-first traversal.
-.It Fl f
-The
-.Fl f
-option specifies a file hierarchy for
-.Nm find
-to traverse.
-File hierarchies may also be specified as the operands immediately
-following the options.
-.It Fl x
-The
-.Fl x
-option prevents
-.Nm find
-from descending into directories that have a device number different
-than that of the file from which the descent began.
-.El
-.Sh PRIMARIES
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Ic -atime Ar n
-True if the difference between the file last access time and the time
-.Nm find
-was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
-.Ar n
-24\-hour periods.
-.It Ic -ctime Ar n
-True if the difference between the time of last change of file status
-information and the time
-.Nm find
-was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
-.Ar n
-24\-hour periods.
-.It Ic -exec Ar utility Op argument ... ;
-True if the program named
-.Ar utility
-returns a zero value as its exit status.
-Optional arguments may be passed to the utility.
-The expression must be terminated by a semicolon (``;'').
-If the string ``{}'' appears anywhere in the utility name or the
-arguments it is replaced by the pathname of the current file.
-.Ar Utility
-will be executed from the directory from which
-.Nm find
-was executed.
-.It Ic -fstype Ar type
-True if the file is contained in a file system of type
-.Ar type .
-Currently supported types are ``local'', ``mfs'', ``nfs'', ``msdos'',
-``rdonly'' and ``ufs''.
-The types ``local'' and ``rdonly'' are not specific file system types.
-The former matches any file system physically mounted on the system where
-the
-.Nm find
-is being executed and the latter matches any file system which is
-mounted read-only.
-.It Ic -group Ar gname
-True if the file belongs to the group
-.Ar gname .
-If
-.Ar gname
-is numeric and there is no such group name, then
-.Ar gname
-is treated as a group id.
-.It Ic -inum Ar n
-True if the file has inode number
-.Ar n .
-.It Ic -links Ar n
-True if the file has
-.Ar n
-links.
-.It Ic -ls
-This primary always evaluates to true.
-The following information for the current file is written to standard output:
-its inode number, size in 512\-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard
-links, owner, group, size in bytes, last modification time, and pathname.
-If the file is a block or character special file, the major and minor numbers
-will be displayed instead of the size in bytes.
-If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked\-to file will be
-displayed preceded by ``\->''.
-The format is identical to that produced by ``ls \-dgils''.
-.It Ic -mtime Ar n
-True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time
-.Nm find
-was started, rounded up to the next full 24\-hour period, is
-.Ar n
-24\-hour periods.
-.It Ic \&-ok Ar utility Ns Op argument ... ;
-The
-.Ic \&-ok
-primary is identical to the
-.Ic -exec
-primary with the exception that
-.Nm find
-requests user affirmation for the execution of the utility by printing
-a message to the terminal and reading a response.
-If the response is other than ``y'' the command is not executed and the
-value of the
-.Ar \&ok
-expression is false.
-.It Ic -name Ar pattern
-True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches
-.Ar pattern .
-Special shell pattern matching characters (``['', ``]'', ``*'', and ``?'')
-may be used as part of
-.Ar pattern .
-These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
-backslash (``\e'').
-.It Ic -newer Ar file
-True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than
-.Ar file .
-.It Ic -nouser
-True if the file belongs to an unknown user.
-.It Ic -nogroup
-True if the file belongs to an unknown group.
-.It Ic -path Ar pattern
-True if the pathname being examined matches
-.Ar pattern .
-Special shell pattern matching characters (``['', ``]'', ``*'', and ``?'')
-may be used as part of
-.Ar pattern .
-These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a
-backslash (``\e'').
-Slashes (``/'') are treated as normal characters and do not have to be
-matched explicitly.
-.It Ic -perm Op Fl Ns Ar mode
-The
-.Ar mode
-may be either symbolic (see
-.Xr chmod 1 )
-or an octal number.
-If the mode is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the
-mode sets or clears permissions without regard to the process' file mode
-creation mask.
-If the mode is octal, only bits 07777
-.Pf ( Dv S_ISUID
-|
-.Dv S_ISGID
-|
-.Dv S_ISTXT
-|
-.Dv S_IRWXU
-|
-.Dv S_IRWXG
-|
-.Dv S_IRWXO )
-of the file's mode bits participate
-in the comparison.
-If the mode is preceded by a dash (``\-''), this primary evaluates to true
-if at least all of the bits in the mode are set in the file's mode bits.
-If the mode is not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if
-the bits in the mode exactly match the file's mode bits.
-Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash (``\-'').
-.It Ic -print
-This primary always evaluates to true.
-It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output.
-The expression is appended to the user specified expression if neither
-.Ic -exec ,
-.Ic -ls
-or
-.Ic \&-ok
-is specified.
-.It Ic -prune
-This primary always evaluates to true.
-It causes
-.Nm find
-to not descend into the current file.
-Note, the
-.Ic -prune
-primary has no effect if the
-.Fl d
-option was specified.
-.It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm c
-True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512\-byte blocks is
-.Ar n .
-If
-.Ar n
-is followed by a ``c'', then the primary is true if the
-file's size is
-.Ar n
-bytes.
-.It Ic -type Ar t
-True if the file is of the specified type.
-Possible file types are as follows:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width flag -offset indent -compact
-.It Cm b
-block special
-.It Cm c
-character special
-.It Cm d
-directory
-.It Cm f
-regular file
-.It Cm l
-symbolic link
-.It Cm p
-FIFO
-.It Cm s
-socket
-.El
-.Pp
-.It Ic -user Ar uname
-True if the file belongs to the user
-.Ar uname .
-If
-.Ar uname
-is numeric and there is no such user name, then
-.Ar uname
-is treated as a user id.
-.El
-.Pp
-All primaries which take a numeric argument allow the number to be
-preceded by a plus sign (``+'') or a minus sign (``\-'').
-A preceding plus sign means ``more than n'', a preceding minus sign means
-``less than n'' and neither means ``exactly n'' .
-.Sh OPERATORS
-The primaries may be combined using the following operators.
-The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
-.Bl -tag -width (expression)
-.It Cm \&( Ns Ar expression Ns Cm \&)
-This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to
-true.
-.Pp
-.It Cm \&! Ns Ar expression
-This is the unary
-.Tn NOT
-operator.
-It evaluates to true if the expression is false.
-.Pp
-.It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression
-.It Ar expression expression
-The
-.Cm -and
-operator is the logical
-.Tn AND
-operator.
-As it is implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions it does not
-have to be specified.
-The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true.
-The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false.
-.Pp
-.It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression
-The
-.Cm -or
-operator is the logical
-.Tn OR
-operator.
-The expression evaluates to true if either the first or the second expression
-is true.
-The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is true.
-.El
-.Pp
-All operands and primaries must be separate arguments to
-.Nm find .
-Primaries which themselves take arguments expect each argument
-to be a separate argument to
-.Nm find .
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-.Pp
-The following examples are shown as given to the shell:
-.Bl -tag -width findx
-.It Li "find / \e! -name \*q*.c\*q -print"
-Print out a list of all the files whose names do not end in ``.c''.
-.It Li "find / -newer ttt -user wnj -print"
-Print out a list of all the files owned by user ``wnj'' that are newer
-than the file ``ttt''.
-.It Li "find / \e! \e( -newer ttt -user wnj \e) -print"
-Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than ``ttt''
-and owned by ``wnj''.
-.It Li "find / \e( -newer ttt -or -user wnj \e) -print"
-Print out a list of all the files that are either owned by ``wnj'' or
-that are newer than ``ttt''.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr chmod 1 ,
-.Xr locate 1 ,
-.Xr stat 2 ,
-.Xr fts 3 ,
-.Xr getgrent 3 ,
-.Xr getpwent 3 ,
-.Xr strmode 3 ,
-.Xr symlink 7
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Nm find
-utility syntax is a superset of the syntax specified by the
-.St -p1003.2
-standard.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fl s
-and
-.Fl X
-options and the
-.Ic -inum
-and
-.Ic -ls
-primaries are extensions to
-.St -p1003.2 .
-.Pp
-Historically, the
-.Fl d ,
-.Fl h
-and
-.Fl x
-options were implemented using the primaries ``\-depth'', ``\-follow'',
-and ``\-xdev''.
-These primaries always evaluated to true.
-As they were really global variables that took effect before the traversal
-began, some legal expressions could have unexpected results.
-An example is the expression ``\-print \-o \-depth''.
-As \-print always evaluates to true, the standard order of evaluation
-implies that \-depth would never be evaluated.
-This is not the case.
-.Pp
-The operator ``-or'' was implemented as ``\-o'', and the operator ``-and''
-was implemented as ``\-a''.
-.Pp
-Historic implementations of the
-.Ic exec
-and
-.Ic ok
-primaries did not replace the string ``{}'' in the utility name or the
-utility arguments if it had preceding or following non-whitespace characters.
-This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments
-it appears.
-.Sh BUGS
-The special characters used by
-.Nm find
-are also special characters to many shell programs.
-In particular, the characters ``*'', ``['', ``]'', ``?'', ``('', ``)'',
-``!'', ``\e'' and ``;'' may have to be escaped from the shell.
-.Pp
-As there is no delimiter separating options and file names or file
-names and the
-.Ar expression ,
-it is difficult to specify files named ``-xdev'' or ``!''.
-These problems are handled by the
-.Fl f
-option and the
-.Xr getopt 3
-``--'' construct.
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