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Diffstat (limited to 'share/zoneinfo/europe')
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1 files changed, 260 insertions, 773 deletions
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/europe b/share/zoneinfo/europe index 98f4658..6ced789 100644 --- a/share/zoneinfo/europe +++ b/share/zoneinfo/europe @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -# @(#)europe 7.58 +# @(#)europe 7.71 +# $FreeBSD$ # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is -# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), -# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. # -# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, -# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. +# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, +# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. # # Other sources occasionally used include: # @@ -46,8 +47,7 @@ # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, -# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, -# Oxford University Press (1980). +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, @@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ ############################################################################### # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) -# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): # @@ -102,31 +101,32 @@ # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. -# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828); -# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844), -# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude. +# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) +# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most -# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the +# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be -# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major +# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. +# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, +# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public -# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock -# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, +# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock +# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition -# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2. +# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. # # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single -# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much -# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. +# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much +# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. # From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society -# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907) +# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, @@ -156,558 +156,22 @@ # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19): -# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time -# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about -# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. -# -# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that -# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem -# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to -# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They -# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time -# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer -# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual -# volumes. -# -# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out -# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, -# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining -# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter), -# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders -# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives. -# -# Some definitions: -# -# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales -# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern -# Ireland (since 1922) -# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation -# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation -# -# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed -# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man -# or the Channel Islands. -# -# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't -# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things -# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to -# check these documents again. -# -# --- -# -# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9) -# -# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain -# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding -# various forms of local mean time. -# -# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???) -# -# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have -# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't -# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition, -# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain. -# -# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62) -# -# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation -# to the Isle of Man. -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14) -# -# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland. -# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of -# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT). -# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration -# of the then current war. -# -# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45) -# -# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916, -# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind -# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back. -# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure -# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence -# would have been: -# Dublin London -# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST -# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT -# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT -# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT -# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 -# -# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 -# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated -# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that -# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same -# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates -# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September, -# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916 -# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same -# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates -# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September, -# both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429 -# -# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times. -# -# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918 -# (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59) -# -# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended, -# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied -# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal -# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates -# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September, -# both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366 -# -# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates -# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September, -# both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 -# -# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 -# -# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to -# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to -# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green -# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike. -# -# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5) -# -# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916 -# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war. -# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more -# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War -# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time -# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364 -# -# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War -# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time -# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT. -# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date -# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the -# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting -# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time -# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???) -# -# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order. -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22) -# -# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third -# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after -# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September. -# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament -# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. -# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205 -# -# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 -# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending -# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. -# -# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37) -# -# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until -# 31 December 1924. -# -# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm) -# -# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until -# 31 December 1925. -# -# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.)) -# -# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating -# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply -# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect -# accordingly. -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64) -# -# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the -# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925. -# -# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???) -# -# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to -# do all manner of things during the newly started war. -# -# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 -# -# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. -# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 -# -# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February -# (ie. 25 Feb 1940). -# -# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883 -# -# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 -# -# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after -# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the -# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time, -# which continues throughout the rest of the year. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 -# -# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first -# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May. -# -# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 -# -# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the -# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944). -# -# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 -# -# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the -# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday -# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July). -# -# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom -# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the -# unusual start on a Monday: -# -# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home -# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals -# regarding double summer time. -# -# [two other similar questions omitted] -# -# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have -# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of -# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the -# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, -# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that -# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter -# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from -# Monday, 2nd April.' -# -# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 -# -# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking -# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. -# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts. -# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the -# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October. -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16) -# -# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and -# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time -# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour -# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday -# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00 -# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years, -# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied -# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) -# -# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of -# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was -# not continued after 1947. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) -# -# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949 -# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) -# -# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950 -# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) -# -# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951 -# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) -# -# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952 -# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT. -# -# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted -# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts. -# -# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???) -# -# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the -# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the -# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) -# -# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961 -# -# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) -# -# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) -# -# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963. -# -# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) -# -# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964. -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) -# -# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT): -# 1965: 21 March to 24 October -# 1966: 20 March to 23 October -# 1967: 19 March to 29 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) -# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) -# -# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United -# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October, -# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date -# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom. -# -# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45) -# -# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout -# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the -# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent. -# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. -# -# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on -# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely -# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom -# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in -# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could -# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, -# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, -# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying -# summer time in 1968. -# -# - The Manx Time Act 1968 -# -# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that -# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. -# -# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6) -# -# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start -# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, -# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day -# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is -# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and -# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for -# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom. -# -# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30) -# -# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of -# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal -# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it -# has its own Interpretation Act listed above). -# -# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC) -# -# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start -# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates. -# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'. -# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change -# time. The dates: -# 1981: 29 March -# 1982: 28 March -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) -# -# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the -# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT: -# 1981: 29 March to 25 October -# 1982: 28 March to 24 October -# -# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements -# (82/399/EEC) -# -# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985. -# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't -# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common -# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of -# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March. -# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as: -# 1983: 25 September or 23 October -# 1984: 30 September or 28 october -# 1985: 29 September or 27 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) -# -# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates. -# 1983: 27 March to 23 October -# 1984: 25 March to 28 october -# 1985: 31 March to 27 October -# -# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements -# (84/634/EEC) -# -# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end -# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at -# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates: -# 1986: 28 September or 26 October -# 1987: 27 September or 25 October -# 1988: 25 September or 23 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) -# -# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates. -# 1986: 30 March to 26 October -# 1987: 29 March to 25 October -# 1988: 27 March to 23 October -# -# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC -# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC) -# -# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC. -# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging -# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different -# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going -# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded -# without any change to the dates themselves. -# -# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements -# (88/14/EEC) -# -# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that -# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom -# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from -# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October. -# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given: -# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) -# -# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989. -# -# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements -# (89/47/EEC) -# -# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both -# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday -# in October) and specific dates: -# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October -# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October -# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) -# -# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates. -# -# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime -# arrangements -# -# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified -# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates: -# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October -# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October -# -# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) -# -# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates. -# -# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council -# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements -# -# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached -# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given. -# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September -# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the -# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of -# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed -# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier -# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given: -# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October -# 1996: 31 March to 27 October -# 1997: 30 March to 26 October -# -# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) -# -# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995. -# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of -# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation -# on the subject. -# -# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council -# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements -# -# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both -# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates: -# 1998: 29 March to 25 October -# 1999: 28 March to 31 October -# 2000: 26 March to 29 October -# 2001: 25 March to 28 October -# -# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm"> -# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) -# </a> -# -# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man, -# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order. +# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): +# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the +# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) +# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). + +# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo. -# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): +# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length +# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. +# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating +# and extending this list, which can be found in +# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> +# History of legal time in Britain +# </a> (2000-02-12). + +# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): # # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; # see Lord Tanlaw's speech @@ -715,19 +179,11 @@ # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) # </a>. -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12): +# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): # -# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A -# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error; -# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date. -# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules -# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925. -# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition; -# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other -# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now. -# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. +# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. # -# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: +# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. @@ -739,16 +195,33 @@ # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). # -# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful; -# we'll ignore them for now. +# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to # conform with Great Britain. +# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. +# +# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; +# we'll ignore it for now. # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. # # # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. +# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): +# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) +# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time +# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. +# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that +# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) +# and Frethun run in CT. +# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, +# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, +# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. +# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, +# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. +# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. + # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. @@ -779,8 +252,8 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST -# The Summer Time Act, 1922 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT +# The Summer Time Act, 1922 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST @@ -868,7 +341,7 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT # See EU for rules starting in 1996. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 +Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 @@ -949,14 +422,11 @@ Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time -Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST +Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S -# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. -# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): -# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - @@ -1039,7 +509,6 @@ Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 -# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995). 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1069,17 +538,17 @@ Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 EU CE%sT # Belarus -# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995). # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 2:00s + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT # Belgium @@ -1150,6 +619,12 @@ Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 # see Yugoslavia # Bulgaria +# +# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): +# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: +# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... +# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October +# # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - @@ -1164,13 +639,13 @@ Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Croatia # see Yugosloavia # Czech Republic -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - @@ -1187,7 +662,6 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 1:00 EU CE%sT # Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - @@ -1265,6 +739,20 @@ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). +# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) +# via Steffen Thorsen: +# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, +# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... +# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European +# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory +# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do +# after that. + +# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): +# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation +# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all +# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time @@ -1276,10 +764,10 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 - 2:00 EU EE%sT + 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 + 2:00 - EET # Finland -# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. # # From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, @@ -1299,12 +787,8 @@ Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 2:00 EU EE%sT # France -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. -# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, -# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. # # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. -# From Shanks (1991): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - @@ -1392,7 +876,6 @@ Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S -# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB. Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S @@ -1451,7 +934,6 @@ Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 2:00 EU EE%sT # Hungary -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - @@ -1510,10 +992,10 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it # might mean something else (???). # -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that -# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. +# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S @@ -1543,7 +1025,6 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 0:00 - GMT # Italy -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri @@ -1655,6 +1136,12 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. +# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): +# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in +# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> +# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of +# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - @@ -1668,12 +1155,11 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 - # Shanks says 1944-08-08, but - # Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13. 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 - 2:00 EU EE%sT + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 + 2:00 - EET # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1682,6 +1168,24 @@ Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1:00 EU CE%sT # Lithuania + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is +# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. + +# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): +# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone +# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. + +# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), +# via Steffen Thorsen: +# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) +# to be valid here starting from October 31, +# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... +# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a +# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was +# already done by Estonia. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time @@ -1695,14 +1199,8 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u - 1:00 EU CE%sT -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): -# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is -# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. - -# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): -# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone -# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. + 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. @@ -1761,11 +1259,28 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta # Moldova # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT +Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 + 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 + 2:00 - EET 1991 + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 +# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. + 2:00 EU EE%sT +Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 + 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD # Monaco # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. @@ -1780,7 +1295,7 @@ Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. +# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman. Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST @@ -1806,7 +1321,6 @@ Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - -# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul @@ -1816,7 +1330,6 @@ Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1:00 EU CE%sT # Norway -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S @@ -1872,16 +1385,26 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 - 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT + 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ -# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> -# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) +# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> +# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) # </a> # says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. # Stick with W-Eur for now. +# +# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): +# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would +# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not +# worth further discussion. +# +# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): +# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 +# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to +# EU rules in 1999. + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Portugal -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. # # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone @@ -1986,6 +1509,14 @@ Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 0:00 EU WE%sT # Romania +# +# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): +# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> +# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at +# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, +# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, +# the same year as Bulgaria. +# # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - @@ -2002,24 +1533,16 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Russia -# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): -# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' -# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. -# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the -# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it -# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days -# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. -# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) -# -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): -# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, -# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): +# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, -# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA. +# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow +# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. # # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with @@ -2035,97 +1558,83 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 - 2:00 Poland CET 1946 + 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994 -# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change. 2:00 Russia EE%sT Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 - 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time + 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD -Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time - 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time - 4:00 Russia SAM%sT -Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time +Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev + 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 + 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time +Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 + 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time -Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time +Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 + 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 6:00 Russia OMS%sT # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. -Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time +Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 + 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s + 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 6:00 Russia NOV%sT -Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time +Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 + 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia KRA%sT Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 - 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time - 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time + 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time + 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 8:00 Russia IRK%sT -Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time +Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 + 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 9:00 Russia YAK%sT -Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 - 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT - 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time +Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 + 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 10:00 Russia VLA%sT Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time + 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 11:00 Russia MAG%sT # This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. -Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time +Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 + 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 12:00 Russia PET%sT Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time - 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 13:00 Russia ANA%sT + 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time + 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s + 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia ANA%sT # Slovakia Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava @@ -2134,7 +1643,6 @@ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava # see Yugoslavia # Spain -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S @@ -2205,32 +1713,6 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden - -# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) -# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com"> -# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale? -# </a> -# Date: 1996-07-06 -# -# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden -# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of -# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap -# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar -# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. -# -# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; -# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 -# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that -# year!... -# -# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, -# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. -# -# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers -# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia" -# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och -# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).) - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT @@ -2240,9 +1722,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1:00 EU CE%sT # Switzerland -# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland, -# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812. -# From Howse (1988), p 82: +# From Howse: # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... @@ -2250,7 +1730,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - -# From Shanks (1991): +# From Shanks: Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -2273,7 +1753,6 @@ Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S -# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S @@ -2324,53 +1803,61 @@ Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Ukraine -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time -Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time -Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time -Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT -Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time -Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time -Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time -Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST -Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST -Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST -Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT -Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST -Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST -Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST -Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT -Rule Crimea 1996 only - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - -Rule Crimea 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 - 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 + 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17 - 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:00 - EET 1992 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT +# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. +Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct + 1:00 - CET 1940 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 + 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 + 2:00 - EET 1992 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 + 2:00 EU EE%sT +# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. +# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. +Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 + 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T + 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 + 2:00 EU EE%sT +# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 - 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2 + 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21): -# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 + 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:00 - EET 1992 +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): +# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. -# For now, guess it changed Feb 1. - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb +# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened +# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. - 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 + 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s + 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. - 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT # Yugoslavia |
