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Diffstat (limited to 'secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs8.1')
| -rw-r--r-- | secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs8.1 | 372 |
1 files changed, 372 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs8.1 b/secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs8.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11d9d0e --- /dev/null +++ b/secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs8.1 @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.28 (Pod::Simple 3.28) +.\" +.\" Standard preamble: +.\" ======================================================================== +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text +.ft CW +.nf +.ne \\$1 +.. +.de Ve \" End verbatim text +.ft R +.fi +.. +.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will +.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left +.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will +.\" give a nicer C++. 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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.if n .ad l +.nh +.SH "NAME" +pkcs8 \- PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" +\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBpkcs8\fR +[\fB\-topk8\fR] +[\fB\-inform PEM|DER\fR] +[\fB\-outform PEM|DER\fR] +[\fB\-in filename\fR] +[\fB\-passin arg\fR] +[\fB\-out filename\fR] +[\fB\-passout arg\fR] +[\fB\-noiter\fR] +[\fB\-nocrypt\fR] +[\fB\-nooct\fR] +[\fB\-embed\fR] +[\fB\-nsdb\fR] +[\fB\-v2 alg\fR] +[\fB\-v2prf alg\fR] +[\fB\-v1 alg\fR] +[\fB\-engine id\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" +The \fBpkcs8\fR command processes private keys in PKCS#8 format. It can handle +both unencrypted PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo format and EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo +format with a variety of PKCS#5 (v1.5 and v2.0) and PKCS#12 algorithms. +.SH "COMMAND OPTIONS" +.IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS" +.IP "\fB\-topk8\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-topk8" +Normally a PKCS#8 private key is expected on input and a traditional format +private key will be written. With the \fB\-topk8\fR option the situation is +reversed: it reads a traditional format private key and writes a PKCS#8 +format key. +.IP "\fB\-inform DER|PEM\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-inform DER|PEM" +This specifies the input format. If a PKCS#8 format key is expected on input +then either a \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR or \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR encoded version of a PKCS#8 key will be +expected. Otherwise the \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR or \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR format of the traditional format +private key is used. +.IP "\fB\-outform DER|PEM\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-outform DER|PEM" +This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the +\&\fB\-inform\fR option. +.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-in filename" +This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this +option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be +prompted for. +.IP "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passin arg" +the input file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR +see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-out filename" +This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output by +default. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be +prompted for. The output filename should \fBnot\fR be the same as the input +filename. +.IP "\fB\-passout arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passout arg" +the output file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR +see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-nocrypt\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nocrypt" +PKCS#8 keys generated or input are normally PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo +structures using an appropriate password based encryption algorithm. With +this option an unencrypted PrivateKeyInfo structure is expected or output. +This option does not encrypt private keys at all and should only be used +when absolutely necessary. Certain software such as some versions of Java +code signing software used unencrypted private keys. +.IP "\fB\-nooct\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nooct" +This option generates \s-1RSA\s0 private keys in a broken format that some software +uses. Specifically the private key should be enclosed in a \s-1OCTET STRING\s0 +but some software just includes the structure itself without the +surrounding \s-1OCTET STRING.\s0 +.IP "\fB\-embed\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-embed" +This option generates \s-1DSA\s0 keys in a broken format. The \s-1DSA\s0 parameters are +embedded inside the PrivateKey structure. In this form the \s-1OCTET STRING\s0 +contains an \s-1ASN1 SEQUENCE\s0 consisting of two structures: a \s-1SEQUENCE\s0 containing +the parameters and an \s-1ASN1 INTEGER\s0 containing the private key. +.IP "\fB\-nsdb\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nsdb" +This option generates \s-1DSA\s0 keys in a broken format compatible with Netscape +private key databases. The PrivateKey contains a \s-1SEQUENCE\s0 consisting of +the public and private keys respectively. +.IP "\fB\-v2 alg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-v2 alg" +This option enables the use of PKCS#5 v2.0 algorithms. Normally PKCS#8 +private keys are encrypted with the password based encryption algorithm +called \fBpbeWithMD5AndDES\-CBC\fR this uses 56 bit \s-1DES\s0 encryption but it +was the strongest encryption algorithm supported in PKCS#5 v1.5. Using +the \fB\-v2\fR option PKCS#5 v2.0 algorithms are used which can use any +encryption algorithm such as 168 bit triple \s-1DES\s0 or 128 bit \s-1RC2\s0 however +not many implementations support PKCS#5 v2.0 yet. If you are just using +private keys with OpenSSL then this doesn't matter. +.Sp +The \fBalg\fR argument is the encryption algorithm to use, valid values include +\&\fBdes\fR, \fBdes3\fR and \fBrc2\fR. It is recommended that \fBdes3\fR is used. +.IP "\fB\-v2prf alg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-v2prf alg" +This option sets the \s-1PRF\s0 algorithm to use with PKCS#5 v2.0. A typical value +values would be \fBhmacWithSHA256\fR. If this option isn't set then the default +for the cipher is used or \fBhmacWithSHA1\fR if there is no default. +.IP "\fB\-v1 alg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-v1 alg" +This option specifies a PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 algorithm to use. A complete +list of possible algorithms is included below. +.IP "\fB\-engine id\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-engine id" +specifying an engine (by its unique \fBid\fR string) will cause \fBpkcs8\fR +to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine, +thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default +for all available algorithms. +.SH "NOTES" +.IX Header "NOTES" +The encrypted form of a \s-1PEM\s0 encode PKCS#8 files uses the following +headers and footers: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\- +\& \-\-\-\-\-END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\- +.Ve +.PP +The unencrypted form uses: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\- +\& \-\-\-\-\-END PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\- +.Ve +.PP +Private keys encrypted using PKCS#5 v2.0 algorithms and high iteration +counts are more secure that those encrypted using the traditional +SSLeay compatible formats. So if additional security is considered +important the keys should be converted. +.PP +The default encryption is only 56 bits because this is the encryption +that most current implementations of PKCS#8 will support. +.PP +Some software may use PKCS#12 password based encryption algorithms +with PKCS#8 format private keys: these are handled automatically +but there is no option to produce them. +.PP +It is possible to write out \s-1DER\s0 encoded encrypted private keys in +PKCS#8 format because the encryption details are included at an \s-1ASN1\s0 +level whereas the traditional format includes them at a \s-1PEM\s0 level. +.SH "PKCS#5 v1.5 and PKCS#12 algorithms." +.IX Header "PKCS#5 v1.5 and PKCS#12 algorithms." +Various algorithms can be used with the \fB\-v1\fR command line option, +including PKCS#5 v1.5 and PKCS#12. These are described in more detail +below. +.IP "\fB\s-1PBE\-MD2\-DES PBE\-MD5\-DES\s0\fR" 4 +.IX Item "PBE-MD2-DES PBE-MD5-DES" +These algorithms were included in the original PKCS#5 v1.5 specification. +They only offer 56 bits of protection since they both use \s-1DES.\s0 +.IP "\fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC2\-64 PBE\-MD2\-RC2\-64 PBE\-MD5\-RC2\-64 PBE\-SHA1\-DES\s0\fR" 4 +.IX Item "PBE-SHA1-RC2-64 PBE-MD2-RC2-64 PBE-MD5-RC2-64 PBE-SHA1-DES" +These algorithms are not mentioned in the original PKCS#5 v1.5 specification +but they use the same key derivation algorithm and are supported by some +software. They are mentioned in PKCS#5 v2.0. They use either 64 bit \s-1RC2\s0 or +56 bit \s-1DES.\s0 +.IP "\fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC4\-128 PBE\-SHA1\-RC4\-40 PBE\-SHA1\-3DES PBE\-SHA1\-2DES PBE\-SHA1\-RC2\-128 PBE\-SHA1\-RC2\-40\s0\fR" 4 +.IX Item "PBE-SHA1-RC4-128 PBE-SHA1-RC4-40 PBE-SHA1-3DES PBE-SHA1-2DES PBE-SHA1-RC2-128 PBE-SHA1-RC2-40" +These algorithms use the PKCS#12 password based encryption algorithm and +allow strong encryption algorithms like triple \s-1DES\s0 or 128 bit \s-1RC2\s0 to be used. +.SH "EXAMPLES" +.IX Header "EXAMPLES" +Convert a private from traditional to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using triple +\&\s-1DES:\s0 +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-v2 des3 \-out enckey.pem +.Ve +.PP +Convert a private from traditional to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using \s-1AES\s0 with +256 bits in \s-1CBC\s0 mode and \fBhmacWithSHA256\fR \s-1PRF:\s0 +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-v2 aes\-256\-cbc \-v2prf hmacWithSHA256 \-out enckey.pem +.Ve +.PP +Convert a private key to PKCS#8 using a PKCS#5 1.5 compatible algorithm +(\s-1DES\s0): +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-out enckey.pem +.Ve +.PP +Convert a private key to PKCS#8 using a PKCS#12 compatible algorithm +(3DES): +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-out enckey.pem \-v1 PBE\-SHA1\-3DES +.Ve +.PP +Read a \s-1DER\s0 unencrypted PKCS#8 format private key: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs8 \-inform DER \-nocrypt \-in key.der \-out key.pem +.Ve +.PP +Convert a private key from any PKCS#8 format to traditional format: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs8 \-in pk8.pem \-out key.pem +.Ve +.SH "STANDARDS" +.IX Header "STANDARDS" +Test vectors from this PKCS#5 v2.0 implementation were posted to the +pkcs-tng mailing list using triple \s-1DES, DES\s0 and \s-1RC2\s0 with high iteration +counts, several people confirmed that they could decrypt the private +keys produced and Therefore it can be assumed that the PKCS#5 v2.0 +implementation is reasonably accurate at least as far as these +algorithms are concerned. +.PP +The format of PKCS#8 \s-1DSA \s0(and other) private keys is not well documented: +it is hidden away in PKCS#11 v2.01, section 11.9. OpenSSL's default \s-1DSA\s0 +PKCS#8 private key format complies with this standard. +.SH "BUGS" +.IX Header "BUGS" +There should be an option that prints out the encryption algorithm +in use and other details such as the iteration count. +.PP +PKCS#8 using triple \s-1DES\s0 and PKCS#5 v2.0 should be the default private +key format for OpenSSL: for compatibility several of the utilities use +the old format at present. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IX Header "SEE ALSO" +\&\fIdsa\fR\|(1), \fIrsa\fR\|(1), \fIgenrsa\fR\|(1), +\&\fIgendsa\fR\|(1) |
