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Diffstat (limited to 'secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs12.1')
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diff --git a/secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs12.1 b/secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs12.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f0e7ce --- /dev/null +++ b/secure/usr.bin/openssl/man/pkcs12.1 @@ -0,0 +1,462 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.28 (Pod::Simple 3.28) +.\" +.\" Standard preamble: +.\" ======================================================================== +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text +.ft CW +.nf +.ne \\$1 +.. +.de Ve \" End verbatim text +.ft R +.fi +.. +.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will +.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left +.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will +.\" give a nicer C++. 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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.if n .ad l +.nh +.SH "NAME" +pkcs12 \- PKCS#12 file utility +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" +\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBpkcs12\fR +[\fB\-export\fR] +[\fB\-chain\fR] +[\fB\-inkey filename\fR] +[\fB\-certfile filename\fR] +[\fB\-name name\fR] +[\fB\-caname name\fR] +[\fB\-in filename\fR] +[\fB\-out filename\fR] +[\fB\-noout\fR] +[\fB\-nomacver\fR] +[\fB\-nocerts\fR] +[\fB\-clcerts\fR] +[\fB\-cacerts\fR] +[\fB\-nokeys\fR] +[\fB\-info\fR] +[\fB\-des | \-des3 | \-idea | \-aes128 | \-aes192 | \-aes256 | \-camellia128 | \-camellia192 | \-camellia256 | \-nodes\fR] +[\fB\-noiter\fR] +[\fB\-maciter | \-nomaciter | \-nomac\fR] +[\fB\-twopass\fR] +[\fB\-descert\fR] +[\fB\-certpbe cipher\fR] +[\fB\-keypbe cipher\fR] +[\fB\-macalg digest\fR] +[\fB\-keyex\fR] +[\fB\-keysig\fR] +[\fB\-password arg\fR] +[\fB\-passin arg\fR] +[\fB\-passout arg\fR] +[\fB\-rand file(s)\fR] +[\fB\-CAfile file\fR] +[\fB\-CApath dir\fR] +[\fB\-CSP name\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" +The \fBpkcs12\fR command allows PKCS#12 files (sometimes referred to as +\&\s-1PFX\s0 files) to be created and parsed. PKCS#12 files are used by several +programs including Netscape, \s-1MSIE\s0 and \s-1MS\s0 Outlook. +.SH "COMMAND OPTIONS" +.IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS" +There are a lot of options the meaning of some depends of whether a PKCS#12 file +is being created or parsed. By default a PKCS#12 file is parsed. A PKCS#12 +file can be created by using the \fB\-export\fR option (see below). +.SH "PARSING OPTIONS" +.IX Header "PARSING OPTIONS" +.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-in filename" +This specifies filename of the PKCS#12 file to be parsed. Standard input is used +by default. +.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-out filename" +The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard output by +default. They are all written in \s-1PEM\s0 format. +.IP "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passin arg" +the PKCS#12 file (i.e. input file) password source. For more information about +the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in +\&\fIopenssl\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-passout arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passout arg" +pass phrase source to encrypt any outputted private keys with. For more +information about the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section +in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-password arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-password arg" +With \-export, \-password is equivalent to \-passout. +Otherwise, \-password is equivalent to \-passin. +.IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-noout" +this option inhibits output of the keys and certificates to the output file +version of the PKCS#12 file. +.IP "\fB\-clcerts\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-clcerts" +only output client certificates (not \s-1CA\s0 certificates). +.IP "\fB\-cacerts\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-cacerts" +only output \s-1CA\s0 certificates (not client certificates). +.IP "\fB\-nocerts\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nocerts" +no certificates at all will be output. +.IP "\fB\-nokeys\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nokeys" +no private keys will be output. +.IP "\fB\-info\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-info" +output additional information about the PKCS#12 file structure, algorithms used and +iteration counts. +.IP "\fB\-des\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-des" +use \s-1DES\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting. +.IP "\fB\-des3\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-des3" +use triple \s-1DES\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting, this is the default. +.IP "\fB\-idea\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-idea" +use \s-1IDEA\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting. +.IP "\fB\-aes128\fR, \fB\-aes192\fR, \fB\-aes256\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-aes128, -aes192, -aes256" +use \s-1AES\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting. +.IP "\fB\-camellia128\fR, \fB\-camellia192\fR, \fB\-camellia256\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-camellia128, -camellia192, -camellia256" +use Camellia to encrypt private keys before outputting. +.IP "\fB\-nodes\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nodes" +don't encrypt the private keys at all. +.IP "\fB\-nomacver\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nomacver" +don't attempt to verify the integrity \s-1MAC\s0 before reading the file. +.IP "\fB\-twopass\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-twopass" +prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most software +always assumes these are the same so this option will render such +PKCS#12 files unreadable. +.SH "FILE CREATION OPTIONS" +.IX Header "FILE CREATION OPTIONS" +.IP "\fB\-export\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-export" +This option specifies that a PKCS#12 file will be created rather than +parsed. +.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-out filename" +This specifies filename to write the PKCS#12 file to. Standard output is used +by default. +.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-in filename" +The filename to read certificates and private keys from, standard input by +default. They must all be in \s-1PEM\s0 format. The order doesn't matter but one +private key and its corresponding certificate should be present. If additional +certificates are present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 file. +.IP "\fB\-inkey filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-inkey filename" +file to read private key from. If not present then a private key must be present +in the input file. +.IP "\fB\-name friendlyname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-name friendlyname" +This specifies the \*(L"friendly name\*(R" for the certificate and private key. This +name is typically displayed in list boxes by software importing the file. +.IP "\fB\-certfile filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-certfile filename" +A filename to read additional certificates from. +.IP "\fB\-caname friendlyname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-caname friendlyname" +This specifies the \*(L"friendly name\*(R" for other certificates. This option may be +used multiple times to specify names for all certificates in the order they +appear. Netscape ignores friendly names on other certificates whereas \s-1MSIE\s0 +displays them. +.IP "\fB\-pass arg\fR, \fB\-passout arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-pass arg, -passout arg" +the PKCS#12 file (i.e. output file) password source. For more information about +the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in +\&\fIopenssl\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-passin password\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passin password" +pass phrase source to decrypt any input private keys with. For more information +about the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in +\&\fIopenssl\fR\|(1). +.IP "\fB\-chain\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-chain" +if this option is present then an attempt is made to include the entire +certificate chain of the user certificate. The standard \s-1CA\s0 store is used +for this search. If the search fails it is considered a fatal error. +.IP "\fB\-descert\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-descert" +encrypt the certificate using triple \s-1DES,\s0 this may render the PKCS#12 +file unreadable by some \*(L"export grade\*(R" software. By default the private +key is encrypted using triple \s-1DES\s0 and the certificate using 40 bit \s-1RC2.\s0 +.IP "\fB\-keypbe alg\fR, \fB\-certpbe alg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-keypbe alg, -certpbe alg" +these options allow the algorithm used to encrypt the private key and +certificates to be selected. Any PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 \s-1PBE\s0 algorithm name +can be used (see \fB\s-1NOTES\s0\fR section for more information). If a cipher name +(as output by the \fBlist-cipher-algorithms\fR command is specified then it +is used with PKCS#5 v2.0. For interoperability reasons it is advisable to only +use PKCS#12 algorithms. +.IP "\fB\-keyex|\-keysig\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-keyex|-keysig" +specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or just signing. +This option is only interpreted by \s-1MSIE\s0 and similar \s-1MS\s0 software. Normally +\&\*(L"export grade\*(R" software will only allow 512 bit \s-1RSA\s0 keys to be used for +encryption purposes but arbitrary length keys for signing. The \fB\-keysig\fR +option marks the key for signing only. Signing only keys can be used for +S/MIME signing, authenticode (ActiveX control signing) and \s-1SSL\s0 client +authentication, however due to a bug only \s-1MSIE 5.0\s0 and later support +the use of signing only keys for \s-1SSL\s0 client authentication. +.IP "\fB\-macalg digest\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-macalg digest" +specify the \s-1MAC\s0 digest algorithm. If not included them \s-1SHA1\s0 will be used. +.IP "\fB\-nomaciter\fR, \fB\-noiter\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nomaciter, -noiter" +these options affect the iteration counts on the \s-1MAC\s0 and key algorithms. +Unless you wish to produce files compatible with \s-1MSIE 4.0\s0 you should leave +these options alone. +.Sp +To discourage attacks by using large dictionaries of common passwords the +algorithm that derives keys from passwords can have an iteration count applied +to it: this causes a certain part of the algorithm to be repeated and slows it +down. The \s-1MAC\s0 is used to check the file integrity but since it will normally +have the same password as the keys and certificates it could also be attacked. +By default both \s-1MAC\s0 and encryption iteration counts are set to 2048, using +these options the \s-1MAC\s0 and encryption iteration counts can be set to 1, since +this reduces the file security you should not use these options unless you +really have to. Most software supports both \s-1MAC\s0 and key iteration counts. +\&\s-1MSIE 4.0\s0 doesn't support \s-1MAC\s0 iteration counts so it needs the \fB\-nomaciter\fR +option. +.IP "\fB\-maciter\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-maciter" +This option is included for compatibility with previous versions, it used +to be needed to use \s-1MAC\s0 iterations counts but they are now used by default. +.IP "\fB\-nomac\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nomac" +don't attempt to provide the \s-1MAC\s0 integrity. +.IP "\fB\-rand file(s)\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-rand file(s)" +a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number +generator, or an \s-1EGD\s0 socket (see \fIRAND_egd\fR\|(3)). +Multiple files can be specified separated by a OS-dependent character. +The separator is \fB;\fR for MS-Windows, \fB,\fR for OpenVMS, and \fB:\fR for +all others. +.IP "\fB\-CAfile file\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-CAfile file" +\&\s-1CA\s0 storage as a file. +.IP "\fB\-CApath dir\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-CApath dir" +\&\s-1CA\s0 storage as a directory. This directory must be a standard certificate +directory: that is a hash of each subject name (using \fBx509 \-hash\fR) should be +linked to each certificate. +.IP "\fB\-CSP name\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-CSP name" +write \fBname\fR as a Microsoft \s-1CSP\s0 name. +.SH "NOTES" +.IX Header "NOTES" +Although there are a large number of options most of them are very rarely +used. For PKCS#12 file parsing only \fB\-in\fR and \fB\-out\fR need to be used +for PKCS#12 file creation \fB\-export\fR and \fB\-name\fR are also used. +.PP +If none of the \fB\-clcerts\fR, \fB\-cacerts\fR or \fB\-nocerts\fR options are present +then all certificates will be output in the order they appear in the input +PKCS#12 files. There is no guarantee that the first certificate present is +the one corresponding to the private key. Certain software which requires +a private key and certificate and assumes the first certificate in the +file is the one corresponding to the private key: this may not always +be the case. Using the \fB\-clcerts\fR option will solve this problem by only +outputting the certificate corresponding to the private key. If the \s-1CA\s0 +certificates are required then they can be output to a separate file using +the \fB\-nokeys \-cacerts\fR options to just output \s-1CA\s0 certificates. +.PP +The \fB\-keypbe\fR and \fB\-certpbe\fR algorithms allow the precise encryption +algorithms for private keys and certificates to be specified. Normally +the defaults are fine but occasionally software can't handle triple \s-1DES\s0 +encrypted private keys, then the option \fB\-keypbe \s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC2\-40\s0\fR can +be used to reduce the private key encryption to 40 bit \s-1RC2. A\s0 complete +description of all algorithms is contained in the \fBpkcs8\fR manual page. +.SH "EXAMPLES" +.IX Header "EXAMPLES" +Parse a PKCS#12 file and output it to a file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 \-in file.p12 \-out file.pem +.Ve +.PP +Output only client certificates to a file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 \-in file.p12 \-clcerts \-out file.pem +.Ve +.PP +Don't encrypt the private key: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 \-in file.p12 \-out file.pem \-nodes +.Ve +.PP +Print some info about a PKCS#12 file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 \-in file.p12 \-info \-noout +.Ve +.PP +Create a PKCS#12 file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 \-export \-in file.pem \-out file.p12 \-name "My Certificate" +.Ve +.PP +Include some extra certificates: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& openssl pkcs12 \-export \-in file.pem \-out file.p12 \-name "My Certificate" \e +\& \-certfile othercerts.pem +.Ve +.SH "BUGS" +.IX Header "BUGS" +Some would argue that the PKCS#12 standard is one big bug :\-) +.PP +Versions of OpenSSL before 0.9.6a had a bug in the PKCS#12 key generation +routines. Under rare circumstances this could produce a PKCS#12 file encrypted +with an invalid key. As a result some PKCS#12 files which triggered this bug +from other implementations (\s-1MSIE\s0 or Netscape) could not be decrypted +by OpenSSL and similarly OpenSSL could produce PKCS#12 files which could +not be decrypted by other implementations. The chances of producing such +a file are relatively small: less than 1 in 256. +.PP +A side effect of fixing this bug is that any old invalidly encrypted PKCS#12 +files cannot no longer be parsed by the fixed version. Under such circumstances +the \fBpkcs12\fR utility will report that the \s-1MAC\s0 is \s-1OK\s0 but fail with a decryption +error when extracting private keys. +.PP +This problem can be resolved by extracting the private keys and certificates +from the PKCS#12 file using an older version of OpenSSL and recreating the PKCS#12 +file from the keys and certificates using a newer version of OpenSSL. For example: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& old\-openssl \-in bad.p12 \-out keycerts.pem +\& openssl \-in keycerts.pem \-export \-name "My PKCS#12 file" \-out fixed.p12 +.Ve +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IX Header "SEE ALSO" +\&\fIpkcs8\fR\|(1) |
