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+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "SSL_read 3"
+.TH SSL_read 3 "2015-12-03" "1.0.2e" "OpenSSL"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+SSL_read \- read bytes from a TLS/SSL connection.
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 1
+\& #include <openssl/ssl.h>
+\&
+\& int SSL_read(SSL *ssl, void *buf, int num);
+.Ve
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fISSL_read()\fR tries to read \fBnum\fR bytes from the specified \fBssl\fR into the
+buffer \fBbuf\fR.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+If necessary, \fISSL_read()\fR will negotiate a \s-1TLS/SSL\s0 session, if
+not already explicitly performed by \fISSL_connect\fR\|(3) or
+\&\fISSL_accept\fR\|(3). If the
+peer requests a re-negotiation, it will be performed transparently during
+the \fISSL_read()\fR operation. The behaviour of \fISSL_read()\fR depends on the
+underlying \s-1BIO. \s0
+.PP
+For the transparent negotiation to succeed, the \fBssl\fR must have been
+initialized to client or server mode. This is being done by calling
+\&\fISSL_set_connect_state\fR\|(3) or \fISSL_set_accept_state()\fR
+before the first call to an \fISSL_read()\fR or \fISSL_write\fR\|(3)
+function.
+.PP
+\&\fISSL_read()\fR works based on the \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 records. The data are received in
+records (with a maximum record size of 16kB for SSLv3/TLSv1). Only when a
+record has been completely received, it can be processed (decryption and
+check of integrity). Therefore data that was not retrieved at the last
+call of \fISSL_read()\fR can still be buffered inside the \s-1SSL\s0 layer and will be
+retrieved on the next call to \fISSL_read()\fR. If \fBnum\fR is higher than the
+number of bytes buffered, \fISSL_read()\fR will return with the bytes buffered.
+If no more bytes are in the buffer, \fISSL_read()\fR will trigger the processing
+of the next record. Only when the record has been received and processed
+completely, \fISSL_read()\fR will return reporting success. At most the contents
+of the record will be returned. As the size of an \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 record may exceed
+the maximum packet size of the underlying transport (e.g. \s-1TCP\s0), it may
+be necessary to read several packets from the transport layer before the
+record is complete and \fISSL_read()\fR can succeed.
+.PP
+If the underlying \s-1BIO\s0 is \fBblocking\fR, \fISSL_read()\fR will only return, once the
+read operation has been finished or an error occurred, except when a
+renegotiation take place, in which case a \s-1SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ\s0 may occur.
+This behaviour can be controlled with the \s-1SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY\s0 flag of the
+\&\fISSL_CTX_set_mode\fR\|(3) call.
+.PP
+If the underlying \s-1BIO\s0 is \fBnon-blocking\fR, \fISSL_read()\fR will also return
+when the underlying \s-1BIO\s0 could not satisfy the needs of \fISSL_read()\fR
+to continue the operation. In this case a call to
+\&\fISSL_get_error\fR\|(3) with the
+return value of \fISSL_read()\fR will yield \fB\s-1SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ\s0\fR or
+\&\fB\s-1SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE\s0\fR. As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a
+call to \fISSL_read()\fR can also cause write operations! The calling process
+then must repeat the call after taking appropriate action to satisfy the
+needs of \fISSL_read()\fR. The action depends on the underlying \s-1BIO.\s0 When using a
+non-blocking socket, nothing is to be done, but \fIselect()\fR can be used to check
+for the required condition. When using a buffering \s-1BIO,\s0 like a \s-1BIO\s0 pair, data
+must be written into or retrieved out of the \s-1BIO\s0 before being able to continue.
+.PP
+\&\fISSL_pending\fR\|(3) can be used to find out whether there
+are buffered bytes available for immediate retrieval. In this case
+\&\fISSL_read()\fR can be called without blocking or actually receiving new
+data from the underlying socket.
+.SH "WARNING"
+.IX Header "WARNING"
+When an \fISSL_read()\fR operation has to be repeated because of
+\&\fB\s-1SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ\s0\fR or \fB\s-1SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE\s0\fR, it must be repeated
+with the same arguments.
+.SH "RETURN VALUES"
+.IX Header "RETURN VALUES"
+The following return values can occur:
+.IP ">0" 4
+.IX Item ">0"
+The read operation was successful; the return value is the number of
+bytes actually read from the \s-1TLS/SSL\s0 connection.
+.IP "0" 4
+The read operation was not successful. The reason may either be a clean
+shutdown due to a \*(L"close notify\*(R" alert sent by the peer (in which case
+the \s-1SSL_RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN\s0 flag in the ssl shutdown state is set
+(see \fISSL_shutdown\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_set_shutdown\fR\|(3)). It is also possible, that
+the peer simply shut down the underlying transport and the shutdown is
+incomplete. Call \fISSL_get_error()\fR with the return value \fBret\fR to find out,
+whether an error occurred or the connection was shut down cleanly
+(\s-1SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN\s0).
+.Sp
+SSLv2 (deprecated) does not support a shutdown alert protocol, so it can
+only be detected, whether the underlying connection was closed. It cannot
+be checked, whether the closure was initiated by the peer or by something
+else.
+.IP "<0" 4
+.IX Item "<0"
+The read operation was not successful, because either an error occurred
+or action must be taken by the calling process. Call \fISSL_get_error()\fR with the
+return value \fBret\fR to find out the reason.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fISSL_get_error\fR\|(3), \fISSL_write\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_CTX_set_mode\fR\|(3), \fISSL_CTX_new\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_connect\fR\|(3), \fISSL_accept\fR\|(3)
+\&\fISSL_set_connect_state\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_pending\fR\|(3),
+\&\fISSL_shutdown\fR\|(3), \fISSL_set_shutdown\fR\|(3),
+\&\fIssl\fR\|(3), \fIbio\fR\|(3)
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