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diff --git a/secure/lib/libcrypto/man/pkcs12.1 b/secure/lib/libcrypto/man/pkcs12.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4790ee7 --- /dev/null +++ b/secure/lib/libcrypto/man/pkcs12.1 @@ -0,0 +1,429 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15 +.\" Thu May 9 13:14:35 2002 +.\" +.\" Standard preamble: +.\" ====================================================================== +.de Sh \" Subsection heading +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text +.ft CW +.nf +.ne \\$1 +.. +.de Ve \" End verbatim text +.ft R + +.fi +.. +.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will +.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left +.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a +.\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used +.\" to do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and +.\" \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<> +.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr +.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' +.ie n \{\ +. ds -- \(*W- +. ds PI pi +. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch +. if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch +. ds L" "" +. ds R" "" +. ds C` "" +. ds C' "" +'br\} +.el\{\ +. ds -- \|\(em\| +. ds PI \(*p +. ds L" `` +. ds R" '' +'br\} +.\" +.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr +.\" for titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and +.\" index entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process +.\" the output yourself in some meaningful fashion. +.if \nF \{\ +. de IX +. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" +.. +. nr % 0 +. rr F +.\} +.\" +.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it +.\" makes way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.hy 0 +.if n .na +.\" +.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). +.\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. 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PKCS#12 files are used by several +programs including Netscape, \s-1MSIE\s0 and \s-1MS\s0 Outlook. +.SH "COMMAND OPTIONS" +.IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS" +There are a lot of options the meaning of some depends of whether a PKCS#12 file +is being created or parsed. By default a PKCS#12 file is parsed a PKCS#12 +file can be created by using the \fB\-export\fR option (see below). +.SH "PARSING OPTIONS" +.IX Header "PARSING OPTIONS" +.Ip "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-in filename" +This specifies filename of the PKCS#12 file to be parsed. Standard input is used +by default. +.Ip "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-out filename" +The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard output by default. +They are all written in \s-1PEM\s0 format. +.Ip "\fB\-pass arg\fR, \fB\-passin arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-pass arg, -passin arg" +the PKCS#12 file (i.e. input file) password source. For more information about the +format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in +openssl(1). +.Ip "\fB\-passout arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passout arg" +pass phrase source to encrypt any outputed private keys with. For more information +about the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in +openssl(1). +.Ip "\fB\-noout\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-noout" +this option inhibits output of the keys and certificates to the output file version +of the PKCS#12 file. +.Ip "\fB\-clcerts\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-clcerts" +only output client certificates (not \s-1CA\s0 certificates). +.Ip "\fB\-cacerts\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-cacerts" +only output \s-1CA\s0 certificates (not client certificates). +.Ip "\fB\-nocerts\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nocerts" +no certificates at all will be output. +.Ip "\fB\-nokeys\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nokeys" +no private keys will be output. +.Ip "\fB\-info\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-info" +output additional information about the PKCS#12 file structure, algorithms used and +iteration counts. +.Ip "\fB\-des\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-des" +use \s-1DES\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting. +.Ip "\fB\-des3\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-des3" +use triple \s-1DES\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting, this is the default. +.Ip "\fB\-idea\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-idea" +use \s-1IDEA\s0 to encrypt private keys before outputting. +.Ip "\fB\-nodes\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nodes" +don't encrypt the private keys at all. +.Ip "\fB\-nomacver\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nomacver" +don't attempt to verify the integrity \s-1MAC\s0 before reading the file. +.Ip "\fB\-twopass\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-twopass" +prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most software +always assumes these are the same so this option will render such +PKCS#12 files unreadable. +.SH "FILE CREATION OPTIONS" +.IX Header "FILE CREATION OPTIONS" +.Ip "\fB\-export\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-export" +This option specifies that a PKCS#12 file will be created rather than +parsed. +.Ip "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-out filename" +This specifies filename to write the PKCS#12 file to. Standard output is used +by default. +.Ip "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-in filename" +The filename to read certificates and private keys from, standard input by default. +They must all be in \s-1PEM\s0 format. The order doesn't matter but one private key and +its corresponding certificate should be present. If additional certificates are +present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 file. +.Ip "\fB\-inkey filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-inkey filename" +file to read private key from. If not present then a private key must be present +in the input file. +.Ip "\fB\-name friendlyname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-name friendlyname" +This specifies the \*(L"friendly name\*(R" for the certificate and private key. This name +is typically displayed in list boxes by software importing the file. +.Ip "\fB\-certfile filename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-certfile filename" +A filename to read additional certificates from. +.Ip "\fB\-caname friendlyname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-caname friendlyname" +This specifies the \*(L"friendly name\*(R" for other certificates. This option may be +used multiple times to specify names for all certificates in the order they +appear. Netscape ignores friendly names on other certificates whereas \s-1MSIE\s0 +displays them. +.Ip "\fB\-pass arg\fR, \fB\-passout arg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-pass arg, -passout arg" +the PKCS#12 file (i.e. output file) password source. For more information about +the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in +openssl(1). +.Ip "\fB\-passin password\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-passin password" +pass phrase source to decrypt any input private keys with. For more information +about the format of \fBarg\fR see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in +openssl(1). +.Ip "\fB\-chain\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-chain" +if this option is present then an attempt is made to include the entire +certificate chain of the user certificate. The standard \s-1CA\s0 store is used +for this search. If the search fails it is considered a fatal error. +.Ip "\fB\-descert\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-descert" +encrypt the certificate using triple \s-1DES\s0, this may render the PKCS#12 +file unreadable by some \*(L"export grade\*(R" software. By default the private +key is encrypted using triple \s-1DES\s0 and the certificate using 40 bit \s-1RC2\s0. +.Ip "\fB\-keypbe alg\fR, \fB\-certpbe alg\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-keypbe alg, -certpbe alg" +these options allow the algorithm used to encrypt the private key and +certificates to be selected. Although any PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 algorithms +can be selected it is advisable only to use PKCS#12 algorithms. See the list +in the \fB\s-1NOTES\s0\fR section for more information. +.Ip "\fB\-keyex|\-keysig\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-keyex|-keysig" +specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or just signing. +This option is only interpreted by \s-1MSIE\s0 and similar \s-1MS\s0 software. Normally +\&\*(L"export grade\*(R" software will only allow 512 bit \s-1RSA\s0 keys to be used for +encryption purposes but arbitrary length keys for signing. The \fB\-keysig\fR +option marks the key for signing only. Signing only keys can be used for +S/MIME signing, authenticode (ActiveX control signing) and \s-1SSL\s0 client +authentication, however due to a bug only \s-1MSIE\s0 5.0 and later support +the use of signing only keys for \s-1SSL\s0 client authentication. +.Ip "\fB\-nomaciter\fR, \fB\-noiter\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-nomaciter, -noiter" +these options affect the iteration counts on the \s-1MAC\s0 and key algorithms. +Unless you wish to produce files compatible with \s-1MSIE\s0 4.0 you should leave +these options alone. +.Sp +To discourage attacks by using large dictionaries of common passwords the +algorithm that derives keys from passwords can have an iteration count applied +to it: this causes a certain part of the algorithm to be repeated and slows it +down. The \s-1MAC\s0 is used to check the file integrity but since it will normally +have the same password as the keys and certificates it could also be attacked. +By default both \s-1MAC\s0 and encryption iteration counts are set to 2048, using +these options the \s-1MAC\s0 and encryption iteration counts can be set to 1, since +this reduces the file security you should not use these options unless you +really have to. Most software supports both \s-1MAC\s0 and key iteration counts. +\&\s-1MSIE\s0 4.0 doesn't support \s-1MAC\s0 iteration counts so it needs the \fB\-nomaciter\fR +option. +.Ip "\fB\-maciter\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-maciter" +This option is included for compatibility with previous versions, it used +to be needed to use \s-1MAC\s0 iterations counts but they are now used by default. +.Ip "\fB\-rand \f(BIfile\fB\|(s)\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-rand file" +a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number +generator, or an \s-1EGD\s0 socket (see RAND_egd(3)). +Multiple files can be specified separated by a OS-dependent character. +The separator is \fB;\fR for MS-Windows, \fB,\fR for OpenVMS, and \fB:\fR for +all others. +.SH "NOTES" +.IX Header "NOTES" +Although there are a large number of options most of them are very rarely +used. For PKCS#12 file parsing only \fB\-in\fR and \fB\-out\fR need to be used +for PKCS#12 file creation \fB\-export\fR and \fB\-name\fR are also used. +.PP +If none of the \fB\-clcerts\fR, \fB\-cacerts\fR or \fB\-nocerts\fR options are present +then all certificates will be output in the order they appear in the input +PKCS#12 files. There is no guarantee that the first certificate present is +the one corresponding to the private key. Certain software which requires +a private key and certificate and assumes the first certificate in the +file is the one corresponding to the private key: this may not always +be the case. Using the \fB\-clcerts\fR option will solve this problem by only +outputing the certificate corresponding to the private key. If the \s-1CA\s0 +certificates are required then they can be output to a separate file using +the \fB\-nokeys \-cacerts\fR options to just output \s-1CA\s0 certificates. +.PP +The \fB\-keypbe\fR and \fB\-certpbe\fR algorithms allow the precise encryption +algorithms for private keys and certificates to be specified. Normally +the defaults are fine but occasionally software can't handle triple \s-1DES\s0 +encrypted private keys, then the option \fB\-keypbe \s-1PBE-SHA1\-RC2\-40\s0\fR can +be used to reduce the private key encryption to 40 bit \s-1RC2\s0. A complete +description of all algorithms is contained in the \fBpkcs8\fR manual page. +.SH "EXAMPLES" +.IX Header "EXAMPLES" +Parse a PKCS#12 file and output it to a file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem +.Ve +Output only client certificates to a file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -clcerts -out file.pem +.Ve +Don't encrypt the private key: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem -nodes +.Ve +Print some info about a PKCS#12 file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -info -noout +.Ve +Create a PKCS#12 file: +.PP +.Vb 1 +\& openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate" +.Ve +Include some extra certificates: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate" \e +\& -certfile othercerts.pem +.Ve +.SH "BUGS" +.IX Header "BUGS" +Some would argue that the PKCS#12 standard is one big bug :\-) +.PP +Versions of OpenSSL before 0.9.6a had a bug in the PKCS#12 key generation +routines. Under rare circumstances this could produce a PKCS#12 file encrypted +with an invalid key. As a result some PKCS#12 files which triggered this bug +from other implementations (\s-1MSIE\s0 or Netscape) could not be decrypted +by OpenSSL and similarly OpenSSL could produce PKCS#12 files which could +not be decrypted by other implementations. The chances of producing such +a file are relatively small: less than 1 in 256. +.PP +A side effect of fixing this bug is that any old invalidly encrypted PKCS#12 +files cannot no longer be parsed by the fixed version. Under such circumstances +the \fBpkcs12\fR utility will report that the \s-1MAC\s0 is \s-1OK\s0 but fail with a decryption +error when extracting private keys. +.PP +This problem can be resolved by extracting the private keys and certificates +from the PKCS#12 file using an older version of OpenSSL and recreating the PKCS#12 +file from the keys and certificates using a newer version of OpenSSL. For example: +.PP +.Vb 2 +\& old-openssl -in bad.p12 -out keycerts.pem +\& openssl -in keycerts.pem -export -name "My PKCS#12 file" -out fixed.p12 +.Ve +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IX Header "SEE ALSO" +pkcs8(1) |
