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+.\" ======================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "DSA 1"
+.TH DSA 1 "perl v5.6.1" "2000-04-13" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.UC
+.SH "NAME"
+dsa \- \s-1DSA\s0 key processing
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBdsa\fR
+[\fB\-inform PEM|DER\fR]
+[\fB\-outform PEM|DER\fR]
+[\fB\-in filename\fR]
+[\fB\-passin arg\fR]
+[\fB\-out filename\fR]
+[\fB\-passout arg\fR]
+[\fB\-des\fR]
+[\fB\-des3\fR]
+[\fB\-idea\fR]
+[\fB\-text\fR]
+[\fB\-noout\fR]
+[\fB\-modulus\fR]
+[\fB\-pubin\fR]
+[\fB\-pubout\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+The \fBdsa\fR command processes \s-1DSA\s0 keys. They can be converted between various
+forms and their components printed out. \fBNote\fR This command uses the
+traditional SSLeay compatible format for private key encryption: newer
+applications should use the more secure PKCS#8 format using the \fBpkcs8\fR
+.SH "COMMAND OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS"
+.Ip "\fB\-inform DER|PEM\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-inform DER|PEM"
+This specifies the input format. The \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR option with a private key uses
+an \s-1ASN1\s0 \s-1DER\s0 encoded form of an \s-1ASN\s0.1 \s-1SEQUENCE\s0 consisting of the values of
+version (currently zero), p, q, g, the public and private key components
+respectively as \s-1ASN\s0.1 INTEGERs. When used with a public key it uses a
+SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure: it is an error if the key is not \s-1DSA\s0.
+.Sp
+The \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR form is the default format: it consists of the \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR format base64
+encoded with additional header and footer lines. In the case of a private key
+PKCS#8 format is also accepted.
+.Ip "\fB\-outform DER|PEM\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-outform DER|PEM"
+This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the 
+\&\fB\-inform\fR option.
+.Ip "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-in filename"
+This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this
+option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be
+prompted for.
+.Ip "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-passin arg"
+the input file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
+see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in openssl(1).
+.Ip "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-out filename"
+This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output by
+is not specified. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be
+prompted for. The output filename should \fBnot\fR be the same as the input
+filename.
+.Ip "\fB\-passout arg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-passout arg"
+the output file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
+see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in openssl(1).
+.Ip "\fB\-des|\-des3|\-idea\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-des|-des3|-idea"
+These options encrypt the private key with the \s-1DES\s0, triple \s-1DES\s0, or the 
+\&\s-1IDEA\s0 ciphers respectively before outputting it. A pass phrase is prompted for.
+If none of these options is specified the key is written in plain text. This
+means that using the \fBdsa\fR utility to read in an encrypted key with no
+encryption option can be used to remove the pass phrase from a key, or by
+setting the encryption options it can be use to add or change the pass phrase.
+These options can only be used with \s-1PEM\s0 format output files.
+.Ip "\fB\-text\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-text"
+prints out the public, private key components and parameters.
+.Ip "\fB\-noout\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noout"
+this option prevents output of the encoded version of the key.
+.Ip "\fB\-modulus\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-modulus"
+this option prints out the value of the public key component of the key.
+.Ip "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pubin"
+by default a private key is read from the input file: with this option a
+public key is read instead.
+.Ip "\fB\-pubout\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pubout"
+by default a private key is output. With this option a public
+key will be output instead. This option is automatically set if the input is
+a public key.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+The \s-1PEM\s0 private key format uses the header and footer lines:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\& -----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+\& -----END DSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+.Ve
+The \s-1PEM\s0 public key format uses the header and footer lines:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\& -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+\& -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
+.Ve
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+To remove the pass phrase on a \s-1DSA\s0 private key:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl dsa -in key.pem -out keyout.pem
+.Ve
+To encrypt a private key using triple \s-1DES:\s0
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl dsa -in key.pem -des3 -out keyout.pem
+.Ve
+To convert a private key from \s-1PEM\s0 to \s-1DER\s0 format: 
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl dsa -in key.pem -outform DER -out keyout.der
+.Ve
+To print out the components of a private key to standard output:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl dsa -in key.pem -text -noout
+.Ve
+To just output the public part of a private key:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& openssl dsa -in key.pem -pubout -out pubkey.pem
+.Ve
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+dsaparam(1), gendsa(1), rsa(1),
+genrsa(1)