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-.\" ======================================================================
-.\"
-.IX Title "CA 1"
-.TH CA 1 "0.9.6e" "2002-01-26" "OpenSSL"
-.UC
-.SH "NAME"
-ca \- sample minimal \s-1CA\s0 application
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
-\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBca\fR
-[\fB\-verbose\fR]
-[\fB\-config filename\fR]
-[\fB\-name section\fR]
-[\fB\-gencrl\fR]
-[\fB\-revoke file\fR]
-[\fB\-crldays days\fR]
-[\fB\-crlhours hours\fR]
-[\fB\-crlexts section\fR]
-[\fB\-startdate date\fR]
-[\fB\-enddate date\fR]
-[\fB\-days arg\fR]
-[\fB\-md arg\fR]
-[\fB\-policy arg\fR]
-[\fB\-keyfile arg\fR]
-[\fB\-key arg\fR]
-[\fB\-passin arg\fR]
-[\fB\-cert file\fR]
-[\fB\-in file\fR]
-[\fB\-out file\fR]
-[\fB\-notext\fR]
-[\fB\-outdir dir\fR]
-[\fB\-infiles\fR]
-[\fB\-spkac file\fR]
-[\fB\-ss_cert file\fR]
-[\fB\-preserveDN\fR]
-[\fB\-batch\fR]
-[\fB\-msie_hack\fR]
-[\fB\-extensions section\fR]
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
-The \fBca\fR command is a minimal \s-1CA\s0 application. It can be used
-to sign certificate requests in a variety of forms and generate
-CRLs it also maintains a text database of issued certificates
-and their status.
-.PP
-The options descriptions will be divided into each purpose.
-.SH "CA OPTIONS"
-.IX Header "CA OPTIONS"
-.Ip "\fB\-config filename\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-config filename"
-specifies the configuration file to use.
-.Ip "\fB\-name section\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-name section"
-specifies the configuration file section to use (overrides
-\&\fBdefault_ca\fR in the \fBca\fR section).
-.Ip "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-in filename"
-an input filename containing a single certificate request to be
-signed by the \s-1CA\s0.
-.Ip "\fB\-ss_cert filename\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-ss_cert filename"
-a single self signed certificate to be signed by the \s-1CA\s0.
-.Ip "\fB\-spkac filename\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-spkac filename"
-a file containing a single Netscape signed public key and challenge
-and additional field values to be signed by the \s-1CA\s0. See the \fB\s-1NOTES\s0\fR
-section for information on the required format.
-.Ip "\fB\-infiles\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-infiles"
-if present this should be the last option, all subsequent arguments
-are assumed to the the names of files containing certificate requests.
-.Ip "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-out filename"
-the output file to output certificates to. The default is standard
-output. The certificate details will also be printed out to this
-file.
-.Ip "\fB\-outdir directory\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-outdir directory"
-the directory to output certificates to. The certificate will be
-written to a filename consisting of the serial number in hex with
-\&\*(L".pem\*(R" appended.
-.Ip "\fB\-cert\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-cert"
-the \s-1CA\s0 certificate file.
-.Ip "\fB\-keyfile filename\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-keyfile filename"
-the private key to sign requests with.
-.Ip "\fB\-key password\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-key password"
-the password used to encrypt the private key. Since on some
-systems the command line arguments are visible (e.g. Unix with
-the 'ps' utility) this option should be used with caution.
-.Ip "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-passin arg"
-the key password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
-see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in openssl(1).
-=item \fB\-verbose\fR
-.Sp
-this prints extra details about the operations being performed.
-.Ip "\fB\-notext\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-notext"
-don't output the text form of a certificate to the output file.
-.Ip "\fB\-startdate date\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-startdate date"
-this allows the start date to be explicitly set. The format of the
-date is \s-1YYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 UTCTime structure).
-.Ip "\fB\-enddate date\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-enddate date"
-this allows the expiry date to be explicitly set. The format of the
-date is \s-1YYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 UTCTime structure).
-.Ip "\fB\-days arg\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-days arg"
-the number of days to certify the certificate for.
-.Ip "\fB\-md alg\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-md alg"
-the message digest to use. Possible values include md5, sha1 and mdc2.
-This option also applies to CRLs.
-.Ip "\fB\-policy arg\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-policy arg"
-this option defines the \s-1CA\s0 \*(L"policy\*(R" to use. This is a section in
-the configuration file which decides which fields should be mandatory
-or match the \s-1CA\s0 certificate. Check out the \fB\s-1POLICY\s0 \s-1FORMAT\s0\fR section
-for more information.
-.Ip "\fB\-msie_hack\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-msie_hack"
-this is a legacy option to make \fBca\fR work with very old versions of
-the \s-1IE\s0 certificate enrollment control \*(L"certenr3\*(R". It used UniversalStrings
-for almost everything. Since the old control has various security bugs
-its use is strongly discouraged. The newer control \*(L"Xenroll\*(R" does not
-need this option.
-.Ip "\fB\-preserveDN\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-preserveDN"
-Normally the \s-1DN\s0 order of a certificate is the same as the order of the
-fields in the relevant policy section. When this option is set the order
-is the same as the request. This is largely for compatibility with the
-older \s-1IE\s0 enrollment control which would only accept certificates if their
-DNs match the order of the request. This is not needed for Xenroll.
-.Ip "\fB\-batch\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-batch"
-this sets the batch mode. In this mode no questions will be asked
-and all certificates will be certified automatically.
-.Ip "\fB\-extensions section\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-extensions section"
-the section of the configuration file containing certificate extensions
-to be added when a certificate is issued. If no extension section is
-present then a V1 certificate is created. If the extension section
-is present (even if it is empty) then a V3 certificate is created.
-.SH "CRL OPTIONS"
-.IX Header "CRL OPTIONS"
-.Ip "\fB\-gencrl\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-gencrl"
-this option generates a \s-1CRL\s0 based on information in the index file.
-.Ip "\fB\-crldays num\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-crldays num"
-the number of days before the next \s-1CRL\s0 is due. That is the days from
-now to place in the \s-1CRL\s0 nextUpdate field.
-.Ip "\fB\-crlhours num\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-crlhours num"
-the number of hours before the next \s-1CRL\s0 is due.
-.Ip "\fB\-revoke filename\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-revoke filename"
-a filename containing a certificate to revoke.
-.Ip "\fB\-crlexts section\fR" 4
-.IX Item "-crlexts section"
-the section of the configuration file containing \s-1CRL\s0 extensions to
-include. If no \s-1CRL\s0 extension section is present then a V1 \s-1CRL\s0 is
-created, if the \s-1CRL\s0 extension section is present (even if it is
-empty) then a V2 \s-1CRL\s0 is created. The \s-1CRL\s0 extensions specified are
-\&\s-1CRL\s0 extensions and \fBnot\fR \s-1CRL\s0 entry extensions. It should be noted
-that some software (for example Netscape) can't handle V2 CRLs.
-.SH "CONFIGURATION FILE OPTIONS"
-.IX Header "CONFIGURATION FILE OPTIONS"
-The section of the configuration file containing options for \fBca\fR
-is found as follows: If the \fB\-name\fR command line option is used,
-then it names the section to be used. Otherwise the section to
-be used must be named in the \fBdefault_ca\fR option of the \fBca\fR section
-of the configuration file (or in the default section of the
-configuration file). Besides \fBdefault_ca\fR, the following options are
-read directly from the \fBca\fR section:
- \s-1RANDFILE\s0
- preserve
- msie_hack
-With the exception of \fB\s-1RANDFILE\s0\fR, this is probably a bug and may
-change in future releases.
-.PP
-Many of the configuration file options are identical to command line
-options. Where the option is present in the configuration file
-and the command line the command line value is used. Where an
-option is described as mandatory then it must be present in
-the configuration file or the command line equivalent (if
-any) used.
-.Ip "\fBoid_file\fR" 4
-.IX Item "oid_file"
-This specifies a file containing additional \fB\s-1OBJECT\s0 \s-1IDENTIFIERS\s0\fR.
-Each line of the file should consist of the numerical form of the
-object identifier followed by white space then the short name followed
-by white space and finally the long name.
-.Ip "\fBoid_section\fR" 4
-.IX Item "oid_section"
-This specifies a section in the configuration file containing extra
-object identifiers. Each line should consist of the short name of the
-object identifier followed by \fB=\fR and the numerical form. The short
-and long names are the same when this option is used.
-.Ip "\fBnew_certs_dir\fR" 4
-.IX Item "new_certs_dir"
-the same as the \fB\-outdir\fR command line option. It specifies
-the directory where new certificates will be placed. Mandatory.
-.Ip "\fBcertificate\fR" 4
-.IX Item "certificate"
-the same as \fB\-cert\fR. It gives the file containing the \s-1CA\s0
-certificate. Mandatory.
-.Ip "\fBprivate_key\fR" 4
-.IX Item "private_key"
-same as the \fB\-keyfile\fR option. The file containing the
-\&\s-1CA\s0 private key. Mandatory.
-.Ip "\fB\s-1RANDFILE\s0\fR" 4
-.IX Item "RANDFILE"
-a file used to read and write random number seed information, or
-an \s-1EGD\s0 socket (see RAND_egd(3)).
-.Ip "\fBdefault_days\fR" 4
-.IX Item "default_days"
-the same as the \fB\-days\fR option. The number of days to certify
-a certificate for.
-.Ip "\fBdefault_startdate\fR" 4
-.IX Item "default_startdate"
-the same as the \fB\-startdate\fR option. The start date to certify
-a certificate for. If not set the current time is used.
-.Ip "\fBdefault_enddate\fR" 4
-.IX Item "default_enddate"
-the same as the \fB\-enddate\fR option. Either this option or
-\&\fBdefault_days\fR (or the command line equivalents) must be
-present.
-.Ip "\fBdefault_crl_hours default_crl_days\fR" 4
-.IX Item "default_crl_hours default_crl_days"
-the same as the \fB\-crlhours\fR and the \fB\-crldays\fR options. These
-will only be used if neither command line option is present. At
-least one of these must be present to generate a \s-1CRL\s0.
-.Ip "\fBdefault_md\fR" 4
-.IX Item "default_md"
-the same as the \fB\-md\fR option. The message digest to use. Mandatory.
-.Ip "\fBdatabase\fR" 4
-.IX Item "database"
-the text database file to use. Mandatory. This file must be present
-though initially it will be empty.
-.Ip "\fBserialfile\fR" 4
-.IX Item "serialfile"
-a text file containing the next serial number to use in hex. Mandatory.
-This file must be present and contain a valid serial number.
-.Ip "\fBx509_extensions\fR" 4
-.IX Item "x509_extensions"
-the same as \fB\-extensions\fR.
-.Ip "\fBcrl_extensions\fR" 4
-.IX Item "crl_extensions"
-the same as \fB\-crlexts\fR.
-.Ip "\fBpreserve\fR" 4
-.IX Item "preserve"
-the same as \fB\-preserveDN\fR
-.Ip "\fBmsie_hack\fR" 4
-.IX Item "msie_hack"
-the same as \fB\-msie_hack\fR
-.Ip "\fBpolicy\fR" 4
-.IX Item "policy"
-the same as \fB\-policy\fR. Mandatory. See the \fB\s-1POLICY\s0 \s-1FORMAT\s0\fR section
-for more information.
-.SH "POLICY FORMAT"
-.IX Header "POLICY FORMAT"
-The policy section consists of a set of variables corresponding to
-certificate \s-1DN\s0 fields. If the value is \*(L"match\*(R" then the field value
-must match the same field in the \s-1CA\s0 certificate. If the value is
-\&\*(L"supplied\*(R" then it must be present. If the value is \*(L"optional\*(R" then
-it may be present. Any fields not mentioned in the policy section
-are silently deleted, unless the \fB\-preserveDN\fR option is set but
-this can be regarded more of a quirk than intended behaviour.
-.SH "SPKAC FORMAT"
-.IX Header "SPKAC FORMAT"
-The input to the \fB\-spkac\fR command line option is a Netscape
-signed public key and challenge. This will usually come from
-the \fB\s-1KEYGEN\s0\fR tag in an \s-1HTML\s0 form to create a new private key.
-It is however possible to create SPKACs using the \fBspkac\fR utility.
-.PP
-The file should contain the variable \s-1SPKAC\s0 set to the value of
-the \s-1SPKAC\s0 and also the required \s-1DN\s0 components as name value pairs.
-If you need to include the same component twice then it can be
-preceded by a number and a '.'.
-.SH "EXAMPLES"
-.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
-Note: these examples assume that the \fBca\fR directory structure is
-already set up and the relevant files already exist. This usually
-involves creating a \s-1CA\s0 certificate and private key with \fBreq\fR, a
-serial number file and an empty index file and placing them in
-the relevant directories.
-.PP
-To use the sample configuration file below the directories demoCA,
-demoCA/private and demoCA/newcerts would be created. The \s-1CA\s0
-certificate would be copied to demoCA/cacert.pem and its private
-key to demoCA/private/cakey.pem. A file demoCA/serial would be
-created containing for example \*(L"01\*(R" and the empty index file
-demoCA/index.txt.
-.PP
-Sign a certificate request:
-.PP
-.Vb 1
-\& openssl ca -in req.pem -out newcert.pem
-.Ve
-Sign a certificate request, using \s-1CA\s0 extensions:
-.PP
-.Vb 1
-\& openssl ca -in req.pem -extensions v3_ca -out newcert.pem
-.Ve
-Generate a \s-1CRL\s0
-.PP
-.Vb 1
-\& openssl ca -gencrl -out crl.pem
-.Ve
-Sign several requests:
-.PP
-.Vb 1
-\& openssl ca -infiles req1.pem req2.pem req3.pem
-.Ve
-Certify a Netscape \s-1SPKAC:\s0
-.PP
-.Vb 1
-\& openssl ca -spkac spkac.txt
-.Ve
-A sample \s-1SPKAC\s0 file (the \s-1SPKAC\s0 line has been truncated for clarity):
-.PP
-.Vb 5
-\& SPKAC=MIG0MGAwXDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAANLADBIAkEAn7PDhCeV/xIxUg8V70YRxK2A5
-\& CN=Steve Test
-\& emailAddress=steve@openssl.org
-\& 0.OU=OpenSSL Group
-\& 1.OU=Another Group
-.Ve
-A sample configuration file with the relevant sections for \fBca\fR:
-.PP
-.Vb 2
-\& [ ca ]
-\& default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section
-.Ve
-.Vb 1
-\& [ CA_default ]
-.Ve
-.Vb 3
-\& dir = ./demoCA # top dir
-\& database = $dir/index.txt # index file.
-\& new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # new certs dir
-.Ve
-.Vb 4
-\& certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA cert
-\& serial = $dir/serial # serial no file
-\& private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# CA private key
-\& RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand # random number file
-.Ve
-.Vb 3
-\& default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
-\& default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
-\& default_md = md5 # md to use
-.Ve
-.Vb 1
-\& policy = policy_any # default policy
-.Ve
-.Vb 7
-\& [ policy_any ]
-\& countryName = supplied
-\& stateOrProvinceName = optional
-\& organizationName = optional
-\& organizationalUnitName = optional
-\& commonName = supplied
-\& emailAddress = optional
-.Ve
-.SH "WARNINGS"
-.IX Header "WARNINGS"
-The \fBca\fR command is quirky and at times downright unfriendly.
-.PP
-The \fBca\fR utility was originally meant as an example of how to do things
-in a \s-1CA\s0. It was not supposed be be used as a full blown \s-1CA\s0 itself:
-nevertheless some people are using it for this purpose.
-.PP
-The \fBca\fR command is effectively a single user command: no locking is
-done on the various files and attempts to run more than one \fBca\fR command
-on the same database can have unpredictable results.
-.SH "FILES"
-.IX Header "FILES"
-Note: the location of all files can change either by compile time options,
-configuration file entries, environment variables or command line options.
-The values below reflect the default values.
-.PP
-.Vb 10
-\& /usr/local/ssl/lib/openssl.cnf - master configuration file
-\& ./demoCA - main CA directory
-\& ./demoCA/cacert.pem - CA certificate
-\& ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem - CA private key
-\& ./demoCA/serial - CA serial number file
-\& ./demoCA/serial.old - CA serial number backup file
-\& ./demoCA/index.txt - CA text database file
-\& ./demoCA/index.txt.old - CA text database backup file
-\& ./demoCA/certs - certificate output file
-\& ./demoCA/.rnd - CA random seed information
-.Ve
-.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
-.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
-\&\fB\s-1OPENSSL_CONF\s0\fR reflects the location of master configuration file it can
-be overridden by the \fB\-config\fR command line option.
-.SH "RESTRICTIONS"
-.IX Header "RESTRICTIONS"
-The text database index file is a critical part of the process and
-if corrupted it can be difficult to fix. It is theoretically possible
-to rebuild the index file from all the issued certificates and a current
-\&\s-1CRL:\s0 however there is no option to do this.
-.PP
-\&\s-1CRL\s0 entry extensions cannot currently be created: only \s-1CRL\s0 extensions
-can be added.
-.PP
-V2 \s-1CRL\s0 features like delta \s-1CRL\s0 support and \s-1CRL\s0 numbers are not currently
-supported.
-.PP
-Although several requests can be input and handled at once it is only
-possible to include one \s-1SPKAC\s0 or self signed certificate.
-.SH "BUGS"
-.IX Header "BUGS"
-The use of an in memory text database can cause problems when large
-numbers of certificates are present because, as the name implies
-the database has to be kept in memory.
-.PP
-Certificate request extensions are ignored: some kind of \*(L"policy\*(R" should
-be included to use certain static extensions and certain extensions
-from the request.
-.PP
-It is not possible to certify two certificates with the same \s-1DN:\s0 this
-is a side effect of how the text database is indexed and it cannot easily
-be fixed without introducing other problems. Some S/MIME clients can use
-two certificates with the same \s-1DN\s0 for separate signing and encryption
-keys.
-.PP
-The \fBca\fR command really needs rewriting or the required functionality
-exposed at either a command or interface level so a more friendly utility
-(perl script or \s-1GUI\s0) can handle things properly. The scripts \fB\s-1CA\s0.sh\fR and
-\&\fB\s-1CA\s0.pl\fR help a little but not very much.
-.PP
-Any fields in a request that are not present in a policy are silently
-deleted. This does not happen if the \fB\-preserveDN\fR option is used but
-the extra fields are not displayed when the user is asked to certify
-a request. The behaviour should be more friendly and configurable.
-.PP
-Cancelling some commands by refusing to certify a certificate can
-create an empty file.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
-req(1), spkac(1), x509(1), CA.pl(1),
-config(5)
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