diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'sbin')
36 files changed, 283 insertions, 142 deletions
diff --git a/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz.8 b/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz.8 index 61a99c1..48b89fe 100644 --- a/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz.8 +++ b/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz.8 @@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ time. .Nm Adjkerntz also informs the kernel about machine timezone shifts to maintain proper timestamps for local time file systems such as the MS-DOS -file system. The main purpose of this thing is not general fixing of +file system. +The main purpose of this thing is not general fixing of initially broken MS-DOS file timestamp idea but keeping the same timestamps between .Bx Free diff --git a/sbin/atm/fore_dnld/fore_dnld.8 b/sbin/atm/fore_dnld/fore_dnld.8 index 8b829d2..3a9524f 100644 --- a/sbin/atm/fore_dnld/fore_dnld.8 +++ b/sbin/atm/fore_dnld/fore_dnld.8 @@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ Specify the path to prepend to the "objfile" name. Default is to use current directory. .TP .B -f objfile -Specify the microcode binary file. Defaults are: +Specify the microcode binary file. +Defaults are: "sba200.obj" for SBA-200 adapters, "sba200e.obj" for SBA-200E adapters, and "pca200e.bin" for PCA-200E adapters. @@ -74,9 +75,11 @@ For the PCA200E adapter, if no file is specified on the command line a built-in copy of version 3.0.1 microcode is used. .PP Microcode as distributed by FORE Systems is not ready for downloading -directly into SBA host ATM adapters. Instead, the supplied microcode needs +directly into SBA host ATM adapters. +Instead, the supplied microcode needs to be processed with the "objcopy" command to create an image suitable -for downloading. Arguments to "objcopy" are "-S -l -Fcoff". +for downloading. +Arguments to "objcopy" are "-S -l -Fcoff". .PP Microcode as distibuted by FORE Systems for the PCA host ATM adapter does not need diff --git a/sbin/atm/ilmid/ilmid.8 b/sbin/atm/ilmid/ilmid.8 index 9ee2958..6e71b1f 100644 --- a/sbin/atm/ilmid/ilmid.8 +++ b/sbin/atm/ilmid/ilmid.8 @@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ will notify the switch of the endsystem's "user part" of its address .SH OPTIONS .TP .B \-d level -Specify the debug level for optional protocol tracing. Messages are +Specify the debug level for optional protocol tracing. +Messages are written to /var/log/ilmid. .TP .B \-f diff --git a/sbin/badsect/badsect.8 b/sbin/badsect/badsect.8 index 8149063..a67767b 100644 --- a/sbin/badsect/badsect.8 +++ b/sbin/badsect/badsect.8 @@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ is used on a quiet file system in the following way: First mount the file system, and change to its root directory. Make a directory .Li BAD -there. Run +there. +Run .Nm giving as argument the .Ar BAD diff --git a/sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.8 b/sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.8 index facba25..f26cb4c 100644 --- a/sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.8 +++ b/sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.8 @@ -257,7 +257,8 @@ isn't supported. Tell the kernel to reset the given bus (XPT_RESET_BUS) by issuing a SCSI bus reset for that bus, or to reset the given bus:target:lun (XPT_RESET_DEV), typically by issuing a BUS DEVICE RESET message after -connecting to that device. Note that this can have a destructive impact +connecting to that device. +Note that this can have a destructive impact on the system. .It defects Send the SCSI READ DEFECT DATA (10) command (0x37) to the given device, and diff --git a/sbin/dump/dump.8 b/sbin/dump/dump.8 index b3f6f15..436e7b7 100644 --- a/sbin/dump/dump.8 +++ b/sbin/dump/dump.8 @@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ is not documented here.) examines files on a filesystem and determines which files -need to be backed up. These files +need to be backed up. +These files are copied to the given disk, tape or other storage medium for safe keeping (see the .Fl f diff --git a/sbin/i386/nextboot/nextboot.8 b/sbin/i386/nextboot/nextboot.8 index 75ad6d3..bd73481 100644 --- a/sbin/i386/nextboot/nextboot.8 +++ b/sbin/i386/nextboot/nextboot.8 @@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ program controls the actions of the boot blocks at the time of the next boot. If compiled with the correct option, the boot blocks will check the nameblock for a magic number and a -default name to use for booting. If compiled to do so they will also +default name to use for booting. +If compiled to do so they will also delete the name from the block, ensuring that if the boot should fail, -then it will not be tried again. It is the job of +then it will not be tried again. +It is the job of .Pa /etc/rc to use .Nm @@ -36,7 +38,8 @@ on the disk. The following options are available: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl b -Is used for bootstrapping (initially configuring) the nameblock. Without +Is used for bootstrapping (initially configuring) the nameblock. +Without this, .Nm will refuse to write to a block that does not already contain the magic @@ -57,15 +60,19 @@ flags are mutually exclusive. .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm Nextboot first checks that the disk has an fdisk table and checks that none of the -partitions defined in that table include the nameblock. If the name block is +partitions defined in that table include the nameblock. +If the name block is shown to be unused, it will install the bootstrings given as arguments, one after the other, each preceded by a small magic number, and NULL -terminated. The end of the list of strings is delimited by a sequence of -0xff bytes. If the boot blocks are compiled to write back the nameblock +terminated. +The end of the list of strings is delimited by a sequence of +0xff bytes. +If the boot blocks are compiled to write back the nameblock after each boot, it will zero out the supplied names as it uses them, one per boot, until it reaches the 0xff, at which time it will revert to the compiled in -boot string. At this time the nameblock will contain only zeroed out names. +boot string. +At this time the nameblock will contain only zeroed out names. .Pp An example of usage might be: .Bd -literal @@ -78,12 +85,15 @@ If for any reason this failed, the next boot attempt would boot the kernel .Pa /kernel.old off the IDE drive. (Assuming the write-back option were enabled) If this -in turn failed. The compiled in default would be used. +in turn failed. +The compiled in default would be used. .Pp If the write-back feature is disabled, the nextboot program is a convenient way -to change the default boot string. Note, that should the file specified in +to change the default boot string. +Note, that should the file specified in the nameblock be non-existent, then the name compiled into the boot blocks -will be used for the boot rather than the next name in the nameblock. The +will be used for the boot rather than the next name in the nameblock. +The nameblock is only consulted .Em once per boot. @@ -96,7 +106,8 @@ This program works only in conjunction with the legacy boot code. .Pp The entire program should be made more user-friendly. The option of whether to write back or not should be stored on the -disk and not a compile time option. I want to rethink this at some +disk and not a compile time option. +I want to rethink this at some later stage to make it co-exist with disks that do not have a fdisk partitioning table (i.e. purely disklabel'd systems). .Pp diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8 b/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8 index 357861b..d6a95d5 100644 --- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8 +++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8 @@ -218,7 +218,8 @@ If the interface is a vlan pseudo interface, set the vlan tag value to .Ar vlan_tag . This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q -vlan header for packets sent from the vlan interface. Note that +vlan header for packets sent from the vlan interface. +Note that .Cm vlan and .Cm vlandev @@ -226,19 +227,24 @@ must both be set at the same time. .It Cm vlandev Ar iface If the interface is a vlan pseudo device, associate physical interface .Ar iface -with it. Packets transmitted through the vlan interface will be +with it. +Packets transmitted through the vlan interface will be diverted to the specified physical interface .Ar iface -with 802.1Q vlan encapsulation. Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received +with 802.1Q vlan encapsulation. +Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received by the parent interface with the correct vlan tag will be diverted to -the associated vlan pseudo-interface. The vlan interface is assigned a +the associated vlan pseudo-interface. +The vlan interface is assigned a copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address. The .Cm vlandev and .Cm vlan -must both be set at the same time. If the vlan interface already has -a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail. To +must both be set at the same time. +If the vlan interface already has +a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail. +To change the association to another physical interface, the existing association must be cleared first. .Pp @@ -254,7 +260,8 @@ the parent unaltered. .It Fl vlandev Ar iface If the driver is a vlan pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface .Ar iface -from it. This breaks the link between the vlan interface and its parent, +from it. +This breaks the link between the vlan interface and its parent, clears its vlan tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down. .It Cm metric Ar n Set the routing metric of the interface to @@ -330,7 +337,8 @@ If the parameter is ommitted, 64 is used. .It Cm range Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a .Em netrange. -of the form startnet-endnet. Appletalk uses this scheme instead of +of the form startnet-endnet. +Appletalk uses this scheme instead of netmasks though .Fx implements it internally as a set of netmasks. @@ -339,11 +347,13 @@ Another name for the ``delete'' parameter. Introduced for compatibility with BSD/OS. .It Cm phase The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the -Appletalk network attached to the interface. Values of 1 or 2 are permitted. +Appletalk network attached to the interface. +Values of 1 or 2 are permitted. .It Cm link[0-2] Enable special processing of the link level of the interface. These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however, -they are in general used to select special modes of operation. An example +they are in general used to select special modes of operation. +An example of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type for some Ethernet cards. Refer to the man page for the specific driver for more information. @@ -406,7 +416,8 @@ requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and tried to alter an interface's configuration. .Sh BUGS IPv6 link-local addresses are required for several basic communication -between IPv6 node. If they are deleted by +between IPv6 node. +If they are deleted by .Nm ifconfig manually, the kernel might show very strange behavior. So, such manual deletions are strongly discouraged. diff --git a/sbin/init/init.8 b/sbin/init/init.8 index bc7357e2..7c2fc1e 100644 --- a/sbin/init/init.8 +++ b/sbin/init/init.8 @@ -289,7 +289,8 @@ When shutting down the machine, .Nm will try to run the .Pa /etc/rc.shutdown -script. This script can be used to cleanly terminate specific programs such +script. +This script can be used to cleanly terminate specific programs such as .Nm innd (the InterNetNews server). diff --git a/sbin/ip6fw/ip6fw.8 b/sbin/ip6fw/ip6fw.8 index a3c85dd..8217546 100644 --- a/sbin/ip6fw/ip6fw.8 +++ b/sbin/ip6fw/ip6fw.8 @@ -67,13 +67,15 @@ a byte count. These counters are updated when a packet matches the rule. .Pp The rules are ordered by a ``line-number'' from 1 to 65534 that is used -to order and delete rules. Rules are tried in increasing order, and the +to order and delete rules. +Rules are tried in increasing order, and the first rule that matches a packet applies. Multiple rules may share the same number and apply in the order in which they were added. .Pp If a rule is added without a number, it is numbered 100 higher -than the previous rule. If the highest defined rule number is +than the previous rule. +If the highest defined rule number is greater than 65434, new rules are appended to the last rule. .Pp The delete operation deletes the first rule with number @@ -128,7 +130,8 @@ Try to resolve addresses and service names in output. .Bl -hang -offset flag -width 1234567890123456 .It Ar allow Allow packets that match rule. -The search terminates. Aliases are +The search terminates. +Aliases are .Ar pass , .Ar permit , and @@ -158,7 +161,8 @@ or .Ar noport , The search terminates. .It Ar reset -TCP packets only. Discard packets that match this rule, +TCP packets only. +Discard packets that match this rule, and try to send a TCP reset (RST) notice. The search terminates .Em (not working yet). @@ -192,7 +196,8 @@ interface. .Ar proto : .Bl -hang -offset flag -width 1234567890123456 .It Ar ipv6 -All packets match. The alias +All packets match. +The alias .Ar all has the same effect. .It Ar tcp @@ -226,7 +231,8 @@ An ipv6number with a prefix length of the form fec0::1:2:3:4/112. .El .Pp The sense of the match can be inverted by preceding an address with the -``not'' modifier, causing all other addresses to be matched instead. This +``not'' modifier, causing all other addresses to be matched instead. +This does not affect the selection of port numbers. .Pp With the TCP and UDP protocols, optional @@ -300,13 +306,15 @@ The .Ar recv interface can be tested on either incoming or outgoing packets, while the .Ar xmit -interface can only be tested on outgoing packets. So +interface can only be tested on outgoing packets. +So .Ar out is required (and .Ar in invalid) whenver .Ar xmit -is used. Specifying +is used. +Specifying .Ar via together with .Ar xmit @@ -458,7 +466,8 @@ or in short form without timestamps: .Pp .Em WARNING!!WARNING!!WARNING!!WARNING!!WARNING!!WARNING!!WARNING!! .Pp -This program can put your computer in rather unusable state. When +This program can put your computer in rather unusable state. +When using it for the first time, work on the console of the computer, and do .Em NOT diff --git a/sbin/ldconfig/ldconfig.8 b/sbin/ldconfig/ldconfig.8 index c6c867b..abd5857 100644 --- a/sbin/ldconfig/ldconfig.8 +++ b/sbin/ldconfig/ldconfig.8 @@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ line. Blank lines and lines starting with the comment character are ignored. .Pp The shared libraries so found will be automatically available for loading -if needed by the program being prepared for execution. This obviates the need +if needed by the program being prepared for execution. +This obviates the need for storing search paths within the executable. .Pp The @@ -75,7 +76,8 @@ is a .Sq \: separated list of directory paths which are searched by the dynamic linker -when it needs to load a shared library. It can be viewed as the run-time +when it needs to load a shared library. +It can be viewed as the run-time equivalent of the .Fl L switch of @@ -108,7 +110,8 @@ Directories recorded in the hints file by previous runs of are also rescanned for new shared libraries. .It Fl r List the current contents of the hints file -on the standard output. The hints file is not modified. The list of +on the standard output. +The hints file is not modified. The list of directories stored in the hints file is included. .It Fl s Do not scan the built-in system directory @@ -120,15 +123,19 @@ Switch on verbose mode. Special care must be taken when loading shared libraries into the address space of .Ev set-user-Id -programs. Whenever such a program is run, +programs. +Whenever such a program is run, the dynamic linker will only load shared libraries from the hints -file. In particular, the +file. +In particular, the .Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH -is not used to search for libraries. Thus, the role of ldconfig is dual. In +is not used to search for libraries. Thus, the role of ldconfig is dual. +In addition to building a set of hints for quick lookup, it also serves to specify the trusted collection of directories from which shared objects can -be safely loaded. It is presumed that the set of directories specified to +be safely loaded. +It is presumed that the set of directories specified to .Nm ldconfig are under control of the system's administrator. .Sh ENVIRONMENT diff --git a/sbin/mknod/mknod.8 b/sbin/mknod/mknod.8 index 2232c9a..d3676b5 100644 --- a/sbin/mknod/mknod.8 +++ b/sbin/mknod/mknod.8 @@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ for a SCSI disk on an HP300 or a .Dq pty for pseudo-devices. .It Cm b | Cm c -Type of device. If the +Type of device. +If the device is a block type device such as a tape or disk drive which needs both cooked and raw special files, the type is diff --git a/sbin/mount/mount.8 b/sbin/mount/mount.8 index 510fb3c..9ac9e0c 100644 --- a/sbin/mount/mount.8 +++ b/sbin/mount/mount.8 @@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ determine what the command is trying to do. .It Fl f Forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade -a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. Also +a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. +Also forces the R/W mount of an unclean filesystem (dangerous; use with caution). .It Fl o @@ -123,7 +124,8 @@ the mounted filesystem. The same as .Fl f ; forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade -a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. Also +a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. +Also forces the R/W mount of an unclean filesystem (dangerous; use with caution). .It fstab When used with the @@ -135,7 +137,8 @@ file for the filesystem. Metadata I/O should be done synchronously, while data I/O should be done asynchronously. This is the default. .It noatime -Do not update the file access time when reading from a file. This option +Do not update the file access time when reading from a file. +This option is useful on filesystems where there are large numbers of files and performance is more critical than updating the file access time (which is rarely ever important). This option is currently only supported on local @@ -182,10 +185,12 @@ Execute bits are removed from the file, and it will not be given to root. .Pp This feature is designed for use on fileservers serving PC users via -ftp, SAMBA, or netatalk. It provides security holes for shell users and as +ftp, SAMBA, or netatalk. +It provides security holes for shell users and as such should not be used on shell machines, especially on home directories. This option requires the SUIDDIR -option in the kernel to work. Only UFS filesystems support this option. +option in the kernel to work. +Only UFS filesystems support this option. See .Xr chmod 2 for more information. @@ -224,7 +229,8 @@ to execute the equivalent of: /sbin/mount_mfs -o nosuid -N -s 4000 /dev/dk0b /tmp .Ed .It Fl p -Print mount information in fstab format. Implies also the +Print mount information in fstab format. +Implies also the .Fl v option. .It Fl r diff --git a/sbin/mount_ifs/mount.8 b/sbin/mount_ifs/mount.8 index 510fb3c..9ac9e0c 100644 --- a/sbin/mount_ifs/mount.8 +++ b/sbin/mount_ifs/mount.8 @@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ determine what the command is trying to do. .It Fl f Forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade -a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. Also +a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. +Also forces the R/W mount of an unclean filesystem (dangerous; use with caution). .It Fl o @@ -123,7 +124,8 @@ the mounted filesystem. The same as .Fl f ; forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade -a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. Also +a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. +Also forces the R/W mount of an unclean filesystem (dangerous; use with caution). .It fstab When used with the @@ -135,7 +137,8 @@ file for the filesystem. Metadata I/O should be done synchronously, while data I/O should be done asynchronously. This is the default. .It noatime -Do not update the file access time when reading from a file. This option +Do not update the file access time when reading from a file. +This option is useful on filesystems where there are large numbers of files and performance is more critical than updating the file access time (which is rarely ever important). This option is currently only supported on local @@ -182,10 +185,12 @@ Execute bits are removed from the file, and it will not be given to root. .Pp This feature is designed for use on fileservers serving PC users via -ftp, SAMBA, or netatalk. It provides security holes for shell users and as +ftp, SAMBA, or netatalk. +It provides security holes for shell users and as such should not be used on shell machines, especially on home directories. This option requires the SUIDDIR -option in the kernel to work. Only UFS filesystems support this option. +option in the kernel to work. +Only UFS filesystems support this option. See .Xr chmod 2 for more information. @@ -224,7 +229,8 @@ to execute the equivalent of: /sbin/mount_mfs -o nosuid -N -s 4000 /dev/dk0b /tmp .Ed .It Fl p -Print mount information in fstab format. Implies also the +Print mount information in fstab format. +Implies also the .Fl v option. .It Fl r diff --git a/sbin/mount_msdos/mount_msdos.8 b/sbin/mount_msdos/mount_msdos.8 index 8e36e22..8083d2f 100644 --- a/sbin/mount_msdos/mount_msdos.8 +++ b/sbin/mount_msdos/mount_msdos.8 @@ -128,12 +128,14 @@ searches the root directory of the filesystem to be mounted for any existing Win'95 long filenames. If no such entries are found, but short DOS filenames are found, .Fl s -is the default. Otherwise +is the default. +Otherwise .Fl l is assumed. .It Fl 9 Ignore the special Win'95 directory entries even -if deleting or renaming a file. This forces +if deleting or renaming a file. +This forces .Fl s . .\".It Fl G .\"This option causes the filesystem to be interpreted as an Atari-Gemdos diff --git a/sbin/mount_msdosfs/mount_msdosfs.8 b/sbin/mount_msdosfs/mount_msdosfs.8 index 8e36e22..8083d2f 100644 --- a/sbin/mount_msdosfs/mount_msdosfs.8 +++ b/sbin/mount_msdosfs/mount_msdosfs.8 @@ -128,12 +128,14 @@ searches the root directory of the filesystem to be mounted for any existing Win'95 long filenames. If no such entries are found, but short DOS filenames are found, .Fl s -is the default. Otherwise +is the default. +Otherwise .Fl l is assumed. .It Fl 9 Ignore the special Win'95 directory entries even -if deleting or renaming a file. This forces +if deleting or renaming a file. +This forces .Fl s . .\".It Fl G .\"This option causes the filesystem to be interpreted as an Atari-Gemdos diff --git a/sbin/mount_nfs/mount_nfs.8 b/sbin/mount_nfs/mount_nfs.8 index 88ff00f..aca4ef8 100644 --- a/sbin/mount_nfs/mount_nfs.8 +++ b/sbin/mount_nfs/mount_nfs.8 @@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ Values may be set in the range of 1 - 9, with 9 referring to an This option is not generally recommended and is really an experimental feature. .It Fl I -Set the readdir read size to the specified value. The value should normally +Set the readdir read size to the specified value. +The value should normally be a multiple of DIRBLKSIZ that is <= the read size for the mount. .It Fl K Pass Kerberos authenticators to the server for client-to-server @@ -167,7 +168,8 @@ be used. This option reduces RPC traffic for cases such as .Dq "ls -l" , but tends to flood the attribute and name caches with prefetched entries. -Try this option and see whether performance improves or degrades. Probably +Try this option and see whether performance improves or degrades. +Probably most useful for client to server network interconnects with a large bandwidth times delay product. .It Fl m @@ -255,7 +257,8 @@ to maintain cache consistency. This protocol Version 2, referred to as Not Quite Nfs (NQNFS), is only supported by this updated release of NFS code. (It is not backwards compatible with the release of NQNFS that went out on -4.4BSD-Lite. To interoperate with a 4.4BSD-Lite NFS system you will have to +4.4BSD-Lite. +To interoperate with a 4.4BSD-Lite NFS system you will have to avoid this option until you have had an opportunity to upgrade the NFS code on all your 4.4BSD-Lite based systems.) .It Fl r diff --git a/sbin/mount_ntfs/mount_ntfs.8 b/sbin/mount_ntfs/mount_ntfs.8 index dbb4872..1a757ec 100644 --- a/sbin/mount_ntfs/mount_ntfs.8 +++ b/sbin/mount_ntfs/mount_ntfs.8 @@ -89,9 +89,11 @@ foo[[:ATTRTYPE]:ATTRNAME] .Pp .Sq ATTRTYPE is one of identifier listed in $AttrDef file of -volume. Default is $DATA. +volume. +Default is $DATA. .Sq ATTRNAME -is an attribute name. Default is none. +is an attribute name. +Default is none. .Sh EXAMPLES To mount an ntfs volume located in .Pa /dev/wd1s1 : @@ -110,7 +112,8 @@ To read directory raw data: .Ed .Pp .Sh WRITING -There is limited writing ability. Limitations: file must be nonresident +There is limited writing ability. +Limitations: file must be nonresident and must not contain any sparces (uninitialized areas), compressed files are not supported either. .Sh SEE ALSO @@ -119,7 +122,8 @@ files are not supported either. .Xr fstab 5 , .Xr mount 8 .Sh CAVEATS -This utility gives almost only read-only access to NTFS volume. See +This utility gives almost only read-only access to NTFS volume. +See .Sx WRITING section. .Sh HISTORY diff --git a/sbin/mount_nwfs/mount_nwfs.8 b/sbin/mount_nwfs/mount_nwfs.8 index 83b95e6..1767a5d 100644 --- a/sbin/mount_nwfs/mount_nwfs.8 +++ b/sbin/mount_nwfs/mount_nwfs.8 @@ -29,19 +29,24 @@ .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm -command allows to mount volume from a NetWare server. It may use either +command allows to mount volume from a NetWare server. +It may use either existing connection or create new: if no usable connection was found -it will try to establish a new one. Connection has count of references to it, -so when last mount will be dismounted connection will be closed. It is +it will try to establish a new one. +Connection has count of references to it, +so when last mount will be dismounted connection will be closed. +It is possible to create connection without any mounts (but use it for them) with .Xr ncplogin 1 . .Pp -Note two forms of command line. In the first form, server and user specified +Note two forms of command line. +In the first form, server and user specified via .Fl S and .Fl U -options respectively. In the second form server and user specified in +options respectively. +In the second form server and user specified in .Ar special part of .Xr mount 8 @@ -59,7 +64,8 @@ below). The options are: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl S Ar server -Name of NetWare server to connect. For native IP you will need also +Name of NetWare server to connect. +For native IP you will need also .Fl A option. .It Fl U Ar user @@ -69,7 +75,8 @@ See .Xr ncplogin 1 for details. .It Fl V Ar volume -Volume name to mount. Volume name can also be specified after all options and +Volume name to mount. +Volume name can also be specified after all options and before .Ar mount-point . .It Ar node @@ -102,7 +109,8 @@ U Same as 'u' but file system tries to be case .Ed .It Fl f Ar mode , Fl d Ar mode Specify permissions that should be assigned to files and directories. -The values must be specified as octal numbers. Default value for the file mode +The values must be specified as octal numbers. +Default value for the file mode is taken from mount point, default value for the dir mode adds execute permission where the file mode gives read permission. @@ -117,10 +125,12 @@ can be here. .It Fl v Print version number. .It Fl u Ar uid , Fl g Ar gid -User id and group id assigned to files. The default is owner and group id from +User id and group id assigned to files. +The default is owner and group id from directory where volume is mounted. .It Fl l Ar locale -Set the locale for case conversion. By default +Set the locale for case conversion. +By default .Nm tries to use an environment variable .Ev LC_* . @@ -133,21 +143,24 @@ Currently only .Ar koi2cp866 and .Ar asis -can be here. Please note, that scheme should be enabled at compile +can be here. +Please note, that scheme should be enabled at compile time in .Pa config.mk file. .It Fl M Ar mode See .Xr ncplogin 1 -for details. If this option is omitted, connection permissions +for details. +If this option is omitted, connection permissions assumed the same as directory mode .Pf ( Fl d Ns ) option. .El .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact .It Pa ~/.nwfsrc -keeps static parameters for connections and other information. See +keeps static parameters for connections and other information. +See .Pa /usr/share/examples/nwclient/dot.nwfsrc for details. .El diff --git a/sbin/mount_portal/mount_portal.8 b/sbin/mount_portal/mount_portal.8 index afaa3d7..306a220 100644 --- a/sbin/mount_portal/mount_portal.8 +++ b/sbin/mount_portal/mount_portal.8 @@ -97,12 +97,15 @@ and The .Pa tcplisten namespace takes a slash separated hostname and port and creates a TCP/IP -socket bound to the given hostname-port pair. The hostname may be -specified as "ANY" to allow any other host to connect to the socket. A +socket bound to the given hostname-port pair. +The hostname may be +specified as "ANY" to allow any other host to connect to the socket. +A port number of 0 will dynamically allocate a port, this can be discovered by calling .Xr getsockname 2 -with the returned file descriptor. Privileged ports can only be bound to +with the returned file descriptor. +Privileged ports can only be bound to by the super-user. The .Pa tcp diff --git a/sbin/mount_portalfs/mount_portalfs.8 b/sbin/mount_portalfs/mount_portalfs.8 index afaa3d7..306a220 100644 --- a/sbin/mount_portalfs/mount_portalfs.8 +++ b/sbin/mount_portalfs/mount_portalfs.8 @@ -97,12 +97,15 @@ and The .Pa tcplisten namespace takes a slash separated hostname and port and creates a TCP/IP -socket bound to the given hostname-port pair. The hostname may be -specified as "ANY" to allow any other host to connect to the socket. A +socket bound to the given hostname-port pair. +The hostname may be +specified as "ANY" to allow any other host to connect to the socket. +A port number of 0 will dynamically allocate a port, this can be discovered by calling .Xr getsockname 2 -with the returned file descriptor. Privileged ports can only be bound to +with the returned file descriptor. +Privileged ports can only be bound to by the super-user. The .Pa tcp diff --git a/sbin/natd/natd.8 b/sbin/natd/natd.8 index 45abd3b..e7ca87d 100644 --- a/sbin/natd/natd.8 +++ b/sbin/natd/natd.8 @@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ The mapping is 1:1 meaning port 3300 maps to 2300, 3301 maps to 2301, etc. .It Fl redirect_address Ar localIP publicIP Redirect traffic for public IP address to a machine on the local -network. This function is known as "static NAT". Normally static NAT +network. +This function is known as "static NAT". Normally static NAT is useful if your ISP has allocated a small block of IP addresses to you, but it can even be used in the case of single address: @@ -277,32 +278,42 @@ A sign will mark the rest of the line as a comment. .It Fl reverse -Reverse operation of natd. This can be useful in some +Reverse operation of natd. +This can be useful in some transparent proxying situations when outgoing traffic is redirected to the local machine and natd is running on the incoming interface (it usually runs on the outgoing interface). .It Fl proxy_only Force natd to perform transparent proxying -only. Normal address translation is not performed. +only. +Normal address translation is not performed. .It Fl proxy_rule Ar [type encode_ip_hdr|encode_tcp_stream] port xxxx server a.b.c.d:yyyy -Enable transparent proxying. Packets with the given port going through this +Enable transparent proxying. +Packets with the given port going through this host to any other host are redirected to the given server and port. -Optionally, the original target address can be encoded into the packet. Use +Optionally, the original target address can be encoded into the packet. +Use .Dq encode_ip_hdr to put this information into the IP option field or .Dq encode_tcp_stream to inject the data into the beginning of the TCP stream. .It Fl pptpalias Ar localIP -Allow PPTP packets to go to the defined localIP address. PPTP is a VPN or secure -IP tunneling technology being developed primarily by Microsoft. For its encrypted traffic, -it uses an old IP encapsulation protocol called GRE (47). This -natd option will translate any traffic of this protocol to a -single, specified IP address. This would allow either one client or one server -to be serviced with natd. If you are setting up a server, don't forget to allow the TCP traffic -for the PPTP setup. For a client or server, you must allow GRE (protocol 47) if you have firewall lists active. +Allow PPTP packets to go to the defined localIP address. +PPTP is a VPN or secure +IP tunneling technology being developed primarily by Microsoft. +For its encrypted traffic, +it uses an old IP encapsulation protocol called GRE (47). +This natd option will translate any traffic of this protocol to a +single, specified IP address. +This would allow either one client or one server +to be serviced with natd. +If you are setting up a server, don't forget to allow the TCP traffic +for the PPTP setup. +For a client or server, +you must allow GRE (protocol 47) if you have firewall lists active. .El diff --git a/sbin/newfs/newfs.8 b/sbin/newfs/newfs.8 index 60acde6..1e1d3cd 100644 --- a/sbin/newfs/newfs.8 +++ b/sbin/newfs/newfs.8 @@ -346,7 +346,8 @@ options nosuid and nodev. The boot code of .Fx assumes that the file system that carries the -kernel has blocks of 8 kilobytes and fragments of 1 kilobyte. You will +kernel has blocks of 8 kilobytes and fragments of 1 kilobyte. +You will not be able to boot from a file system that uses another size. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr fdformat 1 , diff --git a/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8 b/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8 index 4e0a51c..13fdccd 100644 --- a/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8 +++ b/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8 @@ -111,7 +111,8 @@ of 0xffff signifies no backup sector. .It Fl m Ar media Media descriptor (acceptable range 0xf0 to 0xff). .It Fl n Ar FATs -Number of FATs. Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive. The default +Number of FATs. Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive. +The default is 2. .It Fl o Ar hidden Number of hidden sectors. diff --git a/sbin/nextboot/nextboot.8 b/sbin/nextboot/nextboot.8 index 75ad6d3..bd73481 100644 --- a/sbin/nextboot/nextboot.8 +++ b/sbin/nextboot/nextboot.8 @@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ program controls the actions of the boot blocks at the time of the next boot. If compiled with the correct option, the boot blocks will check the nameblock for a magic number and a -default name to use for booting. If compiled to do so they will also +default name to use for booting. +If compiled to do so they will also delete the name from the block, ensuring that if the boot should fail, -then it will not be tried again. It is the job of +then it will not be tried again. +It is the job of .Pa /etc/rc to use .Nm @@ -36,7 +38,8 @@ on the disk. The following options are available: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl b -Is used for bootstrapping (initially configuring) the nameblock. Without +Is used for bootstrapping (initially configuring) the nameblock. +Without this, .Nm will refuse to write to a block that does not already contain the magic @@ -57,15 +60,19 @@ flags are mutually exclusive. .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm Nextboot first checks that the disk has an fdisk table and checks that none of the -partitions defined in that table include the nameblock. If the name block is +partitions defined in that table include the nameblock. +If the name block is shown to be unused, it will install the bootstrings given as arguments, one after the other, each preceded by a small magic number, and NULL -terminated. The end of the list of strings is delimited by a sequence of -0xff bytes. If the boot blocks are compiled to write back the nameblock +terminated. +The end of the list of strings is delimited by a sequence of +0xff bytes. +If the boot blocks are compiled to write back the nameblock after each boot, it will zero out the supplied names as it uses them, one per boot, until it reaches the 0xff, at which time it will revert to the compiled in -boot string. At this time the nameblock will contain only zeroed out names. +boot string. +At this time the nameblock will contain only zeroed out names. .Pp An example of usage might be: .Bd -literal @@ -78,12 +85,15 @@ If for any reason this failed, the next boot attempt would boot the kernel .Pa /kernel.old off the IDE drive. (Assuming the write-back option were enabled) If this -in turn failed. The compiled in default would be used. +in turn failed. +The compiled in default would be used. .Pp If the write-back feature is disabled, the nextboot program is a convenient way -to change the default boot string. Note, that should the file specified in +to change the default boot string. +Note, that should the file specified in the nameblock be non-existent, then the name compiled into the boot blocks -will be used for the boot rather than the next name in the nameblock. The +will be used for the boot rather than the next name in the nameblock. +The nameblock is only consulted .Em once per boot. @@ -96,7 +106,8 @@ This program works only in conjunction with the legacy boot code. .Pp The entire program should be made more user-friendly. The option of whether to write back or not should be stored on the -disk and not a compile time option. I want to rethink this at some +disk and not a compile time option. +I want to rethink this at some later stage to make it co-exist with disks that do not have a fdisk partitioning table (i.e. purely disklabel'd systems). .Pp diff --git a/sbin/nfsd/nfsd.8 b/sbin/nfsd/nfsd.8 index 23cbd6a..f5d0efb 100644 --- a/sbin/nfsd/nfsd.8 +++ b/sbin/nfsd/nfsd.8 @@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ options to re-register NFS if the portmap server is restarted. Specifies how many servers to create. .It Fl h Ar bindip Specifies which IP address or hostname to bind to on the local host. -This option is recommended when a host has multiple interfaces. Multiple +This option is recommended when a host has multiple interfaces. +Multiple .Fl h options may be specified. .It Fl a diff --git a/sbin/nos-tun/nos-tun.8 b/sbin/nos-tun/nos-tun.8 index c7222b7..f6f74ee 100644 --- a/sbin/nos-tun/nos-tun.8 +++ b/sbin/nos-tun/nos-tun.8 @@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ in the end, a concept cisco doesn't really implement. .Pp .Ar Protocol number -sets tunnel mode. Original KA9Q NOS uses 94 but many peoples use 4 +sets tunnel mode. +Original KA9Q NOS uses 94 but many peoples use 4 in worldwide backbone of ampr.org. .Pp .Ar Target diff --git a/sbin/ping/ping.8 b/sbin/ping/ping.8 index 5cd0564..d0bffd3 100644 --- a/sbin/ping/ping.8 +++ b/sbin/ping/ping.8 @@ -79,9 +79,11 @@ and then an arbitrary number of bytes used to fill out the packet. The options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl a -Audible. Include a bell +Audible. +Include a bell .Pq ASCII 0x07 -character in the output when any packet is received. This option is ignored +character in the output when any packet is received. +This option is ignored if other format options are present. .It Fl c Ar count Stop after sending diff --git a/sbin/ping6/ping6.8 b/sbin/ping6/ping6.8 index 76509fa..2d6396a 100644 --- a/sbin/ping6/ping6.8 +++ b/sbin/ping6/ping6.8 @@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ Generate ICMPv6 Node Information Node Addresses query, rather than echo-request. must be a string constructed of the following charaters. .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact .It Ic a -requires all the responder's unicast addresses. If the charater is ommited, +requires all the responder's unicast addresses. +If the charater is ommited, only those addresses which belong to the interface which has the responder's address are required. .It Ic g @@ -69,11 +70,14 @@ requires responder's site-local addresses. .It Ic l requires responder's link-local addresses. .It Ic A -requires responder's anycast addresses. Without this character, the responder -will return unicast addresses only. With this character, the responder +requires responder's anycast addresses. +Without this character, the responder +will return unicast addresses only. +With this character, the responder will return anycast addresses only. Note that the specification does not specify how to get responder's -anycast addresses. This is an experimental option. +anycast addresses. +This is an experimental option. .El .It Fl b Ar bufsiz Set socket buffer size. diff --git a/sbin/quotacheck/quotacheck.8 b/sbin/quotacheck/quotacheck.8 index fb9bed5..5a42e5a 100644 --- a/sbin/quotacheck/quotacheck.8 +++ b/sbin/quotacheck/quotacheck.8 @@ -121,7 +121,8 @@ will create it. .Nm Quotacheck is normally run at boot time from the .Pa /etc/rc -file. The rc startup procedure is controlled by the +file. +The rc startup procedure is controlled by the .Pa /etc/rc.conf variable .Ar check_quotas . diff --git a/sbin/reboot/reboot.8 b/sbin/reboot/reboot.8 index a304c65..9d64763 100644 --- a/sbin/reboot/reboot.8 +++ b/sbin/reboot/reboot.8 @@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ is not specified). This option should probably not be used. .It Fl p The system will turn off the power -if it can. This is of course likely to make +if it can. +This is of course likely to make .Nm rather similar to .Nm halt . diff --git a/sbin/restore/restore.8 b/sbin/restore/restore.8 index 0d467ed..1726afb 100644 --- a/sbin/restore/restore.8 +++ b/sbin/restore/restore.8 @@ -188,7 +188,8 @@ The target file system should be made pristine with mounted and the user .Xr cd Ns 'd into the pristine file system -before starting the restoration of the initial level 0 backup. If the +before starting the restoration of the initial level 0 backup. +If the level 0 restores successfully, the .Fl r flag may be used to restore @@ -314,7 +315,8 @@ and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete pathname to the file. .It Fl N Do the extraction normally, but do not actually write any changes -to disk. This can be used to check the integrity of dump media +to disk. +This can be used to check the integrity of dump media or other test purposes. .It Fl s Ar fileno Read from the specified diff --git a/sbin/slattach/slattach.8 b/sbin/slattach/slattach.8 index 5d38456..6bdb275 100644 --- a/sbin/slattach/slattach.8 +++ b/sbin/slattach/slattach.8 @@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ Empty cause connection reestablishing on leased line without any external command invoked. .It Fl s Ar baudrate -Specify the speed of the connection. If not specified, the +Specify the speed of the connection. +If not specified, the default of 9600 is used. .It Fl u Ar unit-command When the line is switched to slip discipline, run @@ -140,12 +141,14 @@ Force redial .Ar redial-command upon startup irrespective of carrier. .It Fl L -Use uucp-style device locking. You need it unless you start +Use uucp-style device locking. +You need it unless you start .Nm from external program which already does uucp locking. Default case is no uucp locking to satisfy such programs. .It Fl K Ar keepalive -Set SLIP "keep alive" timeout in seconds. If FRAME_END is not received in +Set SLIP "keep alive" timeout in seconds. +If FRAME_END is not received in this amount of time, re-connect occurs. The default value is no timeout. .It Fl O Ar outfill @@ -154,7 +157,8 @@ to be sent during this time period, which is necessary for the "keep alive" timeout on the remote side. The default value is no timeout. .It Fl S Ar unit -Set the SLIP unit number directly. Use with caution, because no check is made +Set the SLIP unit number directly. +Use with caution, because no check is made for two interfaces with same number. By default sliplogin dynamically assigns the unit number. .It Ar ttyname diff --git a/sbin/spppcontrol/spppcontrol.8 b/sbin/spppcontrol/spppcontrol.8 index 39c3b2d..b758434 100644 --- a/sbin/spppcontrol/spppcontrol.8 +++ b/sbin/spppcontrol/spppcontrol.8 @@ -113,7 +113,8 @@ clearing the other authentication-related parameters for this interface as well (i.e. system name and authentication secret will be forgotten). .It Ar myauthproto Ns \&= Ns Em protoname -Same as above, but only for my end of the link. I.e. this is the +Same as above, but only for my end of the link. +I.e. this is the protocol when remote is authenticator, and I am the peer required to authenticate. .It Ar hisauthproto Ns \&= Ns Em protoname diff --git a/sbin/startslip/startslip.1 b/sbin/startslip/startslip.1 index 4c044eb9..285816b 100644 --- a/sbin/startslip/startslip.1 +++ b/sbin/startslip/startslip.1 @@ -170,21 +170,26 @@ passed via .Ev LINE environment variable. .It Fl K Ar keepalive -Set SLIP "keep alive" timeout in seconds. If FRAME_END not received during this -time period, a reconnect will occur. Active "out fill" timeout expected from other +Set SLIP "keep alive" timeout in seconds. +If FRAME_END not received during this +time period, a reconnect will occur. +Active "out fill" timeout expected from other side. Default value is no timeout. .It Fl O Ar outfill -Set SLIP "out fill" timeout in seconds. It causes at least one FRAME_END +Set SLIP "out fill" timeout in seconds. +It causes at least one FRAME_END to be sent during this timeout. Needed for "keep alive" timeout on other side. Default value is no timeout. .It Fl S Ar unit -Set SLIP unit number directly. Use with caution, no check for two +Set SLIP unit number directly. +Use with caution, no check for two interfaces with same number made. Default is dynamic assignment. .It Fl L -Use uucp-style device locking. You need it unless you start +Use uucp-style device locking. +You need it unless you start .Nm from external program which already does uucp locking. Default case is no uucp locking to satisfy such programs. diff --git a/sbin/tunefs/tunefs.8 b/sbin/tunefs/tunefs.8 index e7e4655..ae86c7b 100644 --- a/sbin/tunefs/tunefs.8 +++ b/sbin/tunefs/tunefs.8 @@ -98,18 +98,21 @@ from normal users; the minimum free space threshold. The default value used is 8%. This value can be set to zero, however up to a factor of three in throughput will be lost over the performance obtained at a 10% -threshold. Settings of 5% and less force space optimization to +threshold. +Settings of 5% and less force space optimization to always be used which will greatly increase the overhead for file writes. Note that if the value is raised above the current usage level, users will be unable to allocate files until enough files have been deleted to get under the higher threshold. .It Fl n Ar enable | disable -Turn on/off soft updates. An unmounted filesystem is required. +Turn on/off soft updates. +An unmounted filesystem is required. .It Fl o Ar optimize_preference The file system can either try to minimize the time spent allocating blocks, or it can attempt to minimize the space -fragmentation on the disk. Optimization for space has much +fragmentation on the disk. +Optimization for space has much higher overhead for file writes. The kernel normally changes the preference automatically as the percent fragmentation changes on the file system. @@ -131,11 +134,13 @@ will output the warning .Pp reload\&: Invalid argument .Pp -preceded by the raw device name. This occurs because the filesystem +preceded by the raw device name. +This occurs because the filesystem is not currently mounted read-only. .Nm is trying to reload the incore (r*) device, but it was never loaded -to begin with. When you boot single user, only +to begin with. +When you boot single user, only .Dq / is mounted, so all other filesystems will give you that warning. It is completely harmless. |