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diff --git a/sbin/i386/fdisk/fdisk.8 b/sbin/i386/fdisk/fdisk.8 deleted file mode 100644 index 03e2c7a..0000000 --- a/sbin/i386/fdisk/fdisk.8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,433 +0,0 @@ -.\" $FreeBSD$ -.\" -.Dd October 4, 1996 -.Dt FDISK 8 -.Os -.Sh NAME -.Nm fdisk -.Nd PC partition table maintenance program -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.Nm -.Op Fl BIaistu -.Op Fl b Ar bootcode -.Op Fl 1234 -.Op Ar disk -.Bl -tag -width time -.Nm -.Fl f Ar configfile -.Op Fl itv -.Op Ar disk -.Sh PROLOGUE -In order for the BIOS to boot the kernel, -certain conventions must be adhered to. -Sector 0 of the disk must contain boot code, -a partition table, -and a magic number. -BIOS partitions can be used to break the disk up into several pieces. -The BIOS brings in sector 0 and verifies the magic number. The sector -0 boot code then searches the partition table to determine which -partition is marked -.Em active . -This boot code then brings in the bootstrap from the -.Em active -partition and, if marked bootable, runs it. -Under DOS, -you can have one or more partitions with one -.Em active . -The DOS -.Nm -program can be used to divide space on the disk into partitions and set one -.Em active . -.Sh DESCRIPTION -The -.Fx -program -.Nm -serves a similar purpose to the DOS program. The first form is used to -display partition information or to interactively edit the partition -table. The second is used to write a partition table using a -.Ar configfile -and is designed to be used by other scripts/programs. -.Pp -Options are: -.It Fl a -Change the active partition only. Ignored if -.Fl f -is given. -.It Fl b Ar bootcode -Get the boot code from the file -.Ar bootcode . -Default is -.Pa /boot/mbr . -.It Fl B -Reinitialize the boot code contained in sector 0 of the disk. Ignored -if -.Fl f -is given. -.It Fl f Ar configfile -Set partition values using the file -.Ar configfile . -The -.Ar configfile -always modifies existing partitions, unless -.Fl i -is also given, in which case all existing partitions are deleted (marked -as "unused") before the -.Ar configfile -is read. The -.Ar configfile -can be "-", in which case -.Ar stdin -is read. See -.Sx CONFIGURATION FILE , -below, for file syntax. -.Pp -.Em WARNING : -when -.Fl f -is used, you are not asked if you really want to write the partition -table (as you are in the interactive mode). Use with caution! -.It Fl i -Initialize sector 0 of the disk. This implies -.Fl u , -unless -.Fl f -is given. -.It Fl I -Initialize the contents of sector 0 -with one -.Fx -slice covering the entire disk. -.It Fl s -Print summary information and exit. -.It Fl t -Test mode; do not write partition values. Generally used with the -.Fl f -option to see what would be written to the partition table. Implies -.Fl v . -.It Fl u -Is used for updating (editing) sector 0 of the disk. Ignored if -.Fl f -is given. -.It Fl v -Be verbose. When -.Fl f -is used, -.Nm -prints out the partition table that is written to the disk. -.It Fl 1234 -Operate on a single fdisk entry only. Ignored if -.Fl f -is given. -.El -.Pp -The final disk name can be provided as a -.Sq bare -disk name only, e.g.\& -.Ql da0 , -or as a full pathname. -If omitted, -.Nm -tries to figure out the default disk device name from the -mounted root device. -.Pp -When called with no arguments, it prints the sector 0 partition table. -An example follows: -.Bd -literal - ******* Working on device /dev/ad0 ******* - parameters extracted from in-core disklabel are: - cylinders=769 heads=15 sectors/track=33 (495 blks/cyl) - - parameters to be used for BIOS calculations are: - cylinders=769 heads=15 sectors/track=33 (495 blks/cyl) - - Warning: BIOS sector numbering starts with sector 1 - Information from DOS bootblock is: - The data for partition 1 is: - sysid 165,(FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD) - start 495, size 380160 (185 Meg), flag 0 - beg: cyl 1/ sector 1/ head 0; - end: cyl 768/ sector 33/ head 14 - The data for partition 2 is: - sysid 164,(unknown) - start 378180, size 2475 (1 Meg), flag 0 - beg: cyl 764/ sector 1/ head 0; - end: cyl 768/ sector 33/ head 14 - The data for partition 3 is: - <UNUSED> - The data for partition 4 is: - sysid 99,(ISC UNIX, other System V/386, GNU HURD or Mach) - start 380656, size 224234 (109 Meg), flag 80 - beg: cyl 769/ sector 2/ head 0; - end: cyl 197/ sector 33/ head 14 -.Ed -.Pp -The disk is divided into three partitions that happen to fill the disk. -The second partition overlaps the end of the first. -(Used for debugging purposes) -.Bl -tag -width "cyl, sector and head" -.It Em "sysid" -is used to label the partition. -.Fx -reserves the -magic number 165 decimal (A5 in hex). -.It Em start No and Em size -fields provide the start address -and size of a partition in sectors. -.It Em "flag 80" -specifies that this is the active partition. -.It Em cyl , sector No and Em head -fields are used to specify the beginning address -and end address for the partition. -.It Em Note : -these numbers are calculated using BIOS's understanding of the disk geometry -and saved in the bootblock. -.El -.Pp -The flags -.Fl i -or -.Fl u -are used to indicate that the partition data is to be updated, unless the -.Fl f -option is used. If the -.Fl f -option is not used, the -.Nm -program will enter a conversational mode. -This mode is designed not to change any data unless you explicitly tell it to. -.Nm Fdisk -selects defaults for its questions to guarantee the above behavior. -.Pp -It displays each partition -and ask if you want to edit it. -If you say yes, -it will step through each field showing the old value -and asking for a new one. -When you are done with a partition, -.Nm -will display it and ask if it is correct. -.Nm Fdisk -will then proceed to the next entry. -.Pp -Getting the -.Em cyl , sector , -and -.Em head -fields correct is tricky. -So by default, -they will be calculated for you; -you can specify them if you choose. -.Pp -After all the partitions are processed, -you are given the option to change the -.Em active -partition. -Finally, -when the all the data for the first sector has been accumulated, -you are asked if you really want to rewrite sector 0. -Only if you answer yes, -will the data be written to disk. -.Pp -The difference between the -.Fl u -flag and -.Fl i -flag is that -the -.Fl u -flag just edits the fields as they appear on the disk. -While the -.Fl i -flag is used to "initialize" sector 0; -it will setup the last BIOS partition to use the whole disk for -.Fx ; -and make it active. -.Sh NOTES -The automatic calculation of starting cylinder etc. uses -a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks is the -geometry of the drive. -These figures are by default taken from the incore disklabel, -but the program initially gives you an opportunity to change them. -This allows the user to create a bootblock that can work with drives -that use geometry translation under the BIOS. -.Pp -If you hand craft your disk layout, -please make sure that the -.Fx -partition starts on a cylinder boundary. -A number of decisions made later may assume this. -(This might not be necessary later.) -.Pp -Editing an existing partition will most likely cause you to -lose all the data in that partition. -.Pp -You should run this program interactively once or twice to see how it -works. This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question -in the negative. There are subtleties that the program detects that are -not fully explained in this manual page. -.Sh CONFIGURATION FILE -When the -.Fl f -option is given, a disk's partition table can be written using values -from a -.Ar configfile . -The syntax of this file is very simple. Each line is either a comment or -a specification, and whitespace (except for newlines) are ignored: -.Bl -tag -width Ds -.It Xo -.Ic # -.Ar comment ... -.Xc -Lines beginning with a "#" are comments and are ignored. -.It Xo -.Ic g -.Ar spec1 -.Ar spec2 -.Ar spec3 -.Xc -Set the BIOS geometry used in partition calculations. There must be -three values specified, with a letter preceding each number: -.Bl -tag -width Ds -.Sm off -.It Cm c Ar num -.Sm on -Set the number of cylinders to -.Ar num . -.Sm off -.It Cm h Ar num -.Sm on -Set the number of heads to -.Ar num . -.Sm off -.It Cm s Ar num -.Sm on -Set the number of sectors/track to -.Ar num . -.El -.Pp -These specs can occur in any order, as the leading letter determines -which value is which; however, all three must be specified. -.Pp -This line must occur before any lines that specify partition -information. -.Pp -It is an error if the following is not true: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -1 <= number of cylinders -1 <= number of heads <= 256 -1 <= number of sectors/track < 64 -.Ed -.Pp -The number of cylinders should be less than or equal to 1024, but this -is not enforced, although a warning will be output. Note that bootable -.Fx -partitions (the "/" filesystem) must lie completely within the -first 1024 cylinders; if this is not true, booting may fail. -Non-bootable partitions do not have this restriction. -.Pp -Example (all of these are equivalent), for a disk with 1019 cylinders, -39 heads, and 63 sectors: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -g c1019 h39 s63 -g h39 c1019 s63 -g s63 h39 c1019 -.Ed -.It Xo -.Ic p -.Ar partition -.Ar type -.Ar start -.Ar length -.Xc -Set the partition given by -.Ar partition -(1-4) to type -.Ar type , -starting at sector -.Ar start -for -.Ar length -sectors. -.Pp -Only those partitions explicitly mentioned by these lines are modified; -any partition not referenced by a "p" line will not be modified. -However, if an invalid partition table is present, or the -.Fl i -option is specified, all existing partition entries will be cleared -(marked as unused), and these "p" lines will have to be used to -explicitly set partition information. If multiple partitions need to be -set, multiple "p" lines must be specified; one for each partition. -.Pp -These partition lines must occur after any geometry specification lines, -if one is present. -.Pp -The -.Ar type -is 165 for -.Fx -partitions. Specifying a partition type of zero is -the same as clearing the partition and marking it as unused; however, -dummy values (such as "0") must still be specified for -.Ar start -and -.Ar length . -.Pp -Note: the start offset will be rounded upwards to a head boundary if -necessary, and the end offset will be rounded downwards to a cylinder -boundary if necessary. -.Pp -Example: to clear partition 4 and mark it as unused: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -p 4 0 0 0 -.Ed -.Pp -Example: to set partition 1 to a -.Fx -partition, starting at sector 1 -for 2503871 sectors (note: these numbers will be rounded upwards and -downwards to correspond to head and cylinder boundaries): -.Pp -.Bd -literal -offset indent -p 1 165 1 2503871 -.Ed -.Pp -.It Xo -.Ic a -.Ar partition -.Xc -Make -.Ar partition -the active partition. Can occur anywhere in the config file, but only -one must be present. -.Pp -Example: to make partition 1 the active partition: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -a 1 -.Ed -.El -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -width /boot/mbr -compact -.It Pa /boot/mbr -The default boot code -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr boot0cfg 8 , -.Xr disklabel 8 -.Sh BUGS -The default boot code will not necessarily handle all partition types -correctly, in particular those introduced since MS-DOS 6.x. -.Pp -The entire program should be made more user-friendly. -.Pp -Throughout this man page, the term -.Sq partition -is used where it should actually be -.Sq slice , -in order to conform with the terms used elsewhere. -.Pp -You cannot use this command to completely dedicate a disk to -.Fx . -The -.Xr disklabel 8 -command must be used for this. |
