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diff --git a/release/texts/UPGRADE.TXT b/release/texts/UPGRADE.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b7b893 --- /dev/null +++ b/release/texts/UPGRADE.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ ++===================== Upgrading FreeBSD ==========================+ +| | +| 0.0 Preface | +| 0.1 DISCLAIMER | +| 0.2 IMPORTANT NOTE | +| | +| 1.0 Introduction | +| 1.1 Upgrade Overview | +| | +| 2.0 Procedure | +| 2.1 Backup | +| 2.2 Mount Filesystems | +| 2.3 Select Distributions | +| 2.4 After Installation | +| | +| 3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques | +| | ++=====================================================================+ + +0.1 DISCLAIMER +--- ---------- + +While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against +accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to WIPE OUT YOUR +ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not accept the final +confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any important +data files. + +0.2 IMPORTANT NOTE +--- -------------- + +If you are upgrading from FreeBSD 2.2.5 or earlier, see +section 2.4 for important details regarding changes to the +/etc/fstab file required during the upgrade procedure. + +1.0 Introduction +--- ------------ + +The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user +with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves +standard system configuration data, as well as user data, installed +packages and other software. + +Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this +document in its entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so +may result in a failed upgrade or loss of data. + +1.1 Upgrade Overview +--- ---------------- +Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of +the component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to +the old distribution are not deleted. + +System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the +previous version of the following files: + + Xaccel.ini, adduser.conf, aliases, aliases.db, amd.map, crontab, + csh.cshrc, csh.login, csh.logout, daily, disktab, dm.conf, exports, + fbtab, fstab, ftpusers, gettytab, gnats, group, host.conf, hosts, + hosts.equiv, hosts.lpd, inetd.conf, kerberosIV, localtime, login.access, + mail.rc, make.conf, manpath.config, master.passwd, mib.txt, modems, + monthly, motd, namedb, networks, passwd, phones, ppp, printcap, + profile, protocols, pwd.db, rc, rc.firewall, rc.i386, rc.local, + rc.network, rc.conf, remote, resolv.conf, rmt, security, sendmail.cf, + services, shells, skeykeys, spwd.db, supfile, syslog.conf, termcap, + ttys, uucp, weekly + +The versions of these files which correspond to the new version are +moved to /etc/upgrade/. The system administrator may peruse these new +versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files +are interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all +site-specific data from the current files into the new. + +During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is prompted for a +location into which all files from /etc/ are saved. In the event that +local modifications have been made to other files, they may be +subsequently retrieved from this location. + +2.0 Procedure +--- --------- + +This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is +given to items which substantially differ from a normal installation. + +2.1 Backup +--- ------ + +User data and system configuration should be backed up before +upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does its best to prevent +accidental mistakes, it is possible to partially or completely destroy +data and configuration information. + +2.2 Mount Filesystems +--- ----------------- + +The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated disk's filesystem +devices listed. Prior to commencing the upgrade, the administrator +should make a note of the device names and corresponding mountpoints. +These mountpoints should be entered here. DO NOT set the 'newfs flag' +for any filesystems, as this will cause data loss. + +2.3 Select Distributions +--- -------------------- + +When selecting distributions, there are no constraints on which must be +selected. As a general rule, the 'bin' distribution should be selected +for an update, and the 'man' distribution if manpages are already +installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally +installed if the administrator wishes to add additional functionality. + +2.4 After Installation +--- ------------------ + +Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is +prompted to examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks +should be made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. In +particular, the /etc/rc.conf and /etc/fstab files should be checked. + +Read the following, but DO NOT update /etc/fstab as described below +until the new system has booted correctly. The upgrade procedure +replaces the previous FreeBSD kernel with a GENERIC kernel, and a custom +kernel may need to be generated to suit the local system configuration. + +IMPORTANT NOTE: +============== +FreeBSD 2.2.6 introduced a change in the naming of the device from +which the root filesystem is mounted. This change affects all systems, +however user intervention is only required for systems undergoing an +upgrade installation from a version prior to FreeBSD 2.2.6. + +Previously, the root filesystem was always mounted from the +compatibility slice, while other partitions on the same disk were +mounted from their true slice. This might, for example, have resulted +in an /etc/fstab file like: + +# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# +/dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0 +/dev/wd0a / ufs rw 1 1 +/dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1 +/dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1 + +For FreeBSD 2.2.6 and later, this format changes so that the device for +'/' is consistent with others, ie. + +# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# +/dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0 +/dev/wd0s2a / ufs rw 1 1 +/dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1 +/dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1 + + +If /etc/fstab is not updated manually in this case, the system will +issue a warning message whenever / is mounted (normally at startup) +indicating the change that must be made. In addition, trouble may be +experienced if the root filesystem is not correctly unmounted, whereby +the root filesystem will not be marked clean at the next reboot. + +This change should be made as soon as the upgraded system has been +successfully rebooted. + +3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques +--- ------------------------------ + +Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more flexibility and +sophistication should take a look at the "Upgrading FreeBSD from source" +tutorial found at http://www.freebsd.org/docs.html. This method +requires reliable network connectivity, extra disk space and spare time, +but has advantages for networks and other more complex installations. |
