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diff --git a/release/texts/TROUBLE.TXT b/release/texts/TROUBLE.TXT deleted file mode 100644 index 312c6c3..0000000 --- a/release/texts/TROUBLE.TXT +++ /dev/null @@ -1,383 +0,0 @@ -=============== -Troubleshooting -=============== - - Table of Contents: - - Repairing an Existing FreeBSD Installation - - Common Installation Problems, Q&A - - Common Hardware Problems, Q&A - -Repairing an Existing FreeBSD Installation ------------------------------------------- - -FreeBSD releases 2.2.1 and later feature a "Fixit" option in the top -menu of the boot floppy. To use it, you will also need either a -fixit.flp image floppy, generated in the same fashion as the boot -floppy, or the 2nd CDROM from Walnut Creek CDROM's FreeBSD -distribution. - -To invoke fixit, simply boot the kern.flp floppy, choose the "Fixit" -item and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM when asked. You will then -be placed into a shell with a wide variety of commands available (in -the /stand and /mnt2/stand directories) for checking, repairing and -examining file systems and their contents. Some UNIX administration -experience *is* required to use the fixit option! - -Common Installation Problems, Q&A ---------------------------------- - -Q: I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time after installing - FreeBSD, the kernel loads and probes my hardware, but stops with - messages like: - - changing root device to wd1s1a - panic: cannot mount root - - What is wrong? What can I do? - -Q: What is this 'bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name' thing - that is displayed with the boot help? - -A: There is a longstanding problem in the case where the boot disk is - not the first disk in the system. The BIOS uses a different numbering - scheme to FreeBSD, and working out which numbers correspond to which - is difficult to get right. - - In the case where the boot disk is not the first disk in the system, - FreeBSD can need some help finding it. There are two common situations - here, and in both of these cases, you need to tell FreeBSD where the - root filesystem is. You do this by specifying the BIOS disk number, - the disk type and the FreeBSD disk number for that type. - - The first situation is where you have two IDE disks, each configured as - the master on their respective IDE busses, and wish to boot FreeBSD from - the second disk. The BIOS sees these as disk 0 and disk 1, while - FreeBSD sees them as wd0 and wd2. - - FreeBSD is on BIOS disk 1, of type 'wd' and the FreeBSD disk number - is 2, so you would say: - - 1:wd(2,a)kernel - - Note that if you have a slave on the primary bus, the above is not - necessary (and is effectively wrong). - - The second situation involves booting from a SCSI disk when you have - one or more IDE disks in the system. In this case, the FreeBSD disk - number is lower than the BIOS disk number. If you have two IDE disks - as well as the SCSI disk, the SCSI disk is BIOS disk 2, type 'da' and - FreeBSD disk number 0, so you would say: - - 2:da(0,a)kernel - - To tell FreeBSD that you want to boot from BIOS disk 2, which is - the first SCSI disk in the system. If you only had one IDE disk, - you would use '1:' instead. - - Once you have determined the correct values to use, you can put the - command exactly as you would have typed it in the /boot.config file - using a standard text editor. - Unless instructed otherwise, FreeBSD will use the contents of this - file as the default response to the 'boot:' prompt. - -Q: I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time after installing - FreeBSD, but the Boot Manager prompt just prints `F?' at the boot menu - each time but the boot won't go any further. - -A: The hard disk geometry was set incorrectly in the Partition editor when - you installed FreeBSD. Go back into the partition editor and specify - the actual geometry of your hard disk. You must reinstall FreeBSD - again from the beginning with the correct geometry. - - If you are failing entirely in figuring out the correct geometry for - your machine, here's a tip: Install a small DOS partition at the - beginning of the disk and install FreeBSD after that. The install - program will see the DOS partition and try to infer the correct - geometry from it, which usually works. - - The following tip is no longer recommended, but is left here - for reference: - - If you are setting up a truly dedicated FreeBSD server or work- - station where you don't care for (future) compatibility with DOS, - Linux or another operating system, you've also got the option to use - the entire disk (`A' in the partition editor), selecting the - non-standard option where FreeBSD occupies the entire disk from - the very first to the very last sector. This will leave all geometry - considerations aside, but is somewhat limiting unless you're never - going to run anything other than FreeBSD on a disk. - - -Known Hardware Problems, Q & A ------------------------------- - -Q: mcd0 keeps thinking that it has found a device and this stops my Intel - EtherExpress card from working. - -A: Use the UserConfig utility (see HARDWARE.TXT) and disable the probing of - the mcd0 and mcd1 devices. Generally speaking, you should only leave - the devices that you will be using enabled in your kernel. - - -Q: FreeBSD claims to support the 3Com PCMCIA card, but my card isn't - recognized when it's plugged into my laptop. - -A: There are a couple of possible problems. First of all, FreeBSD does - not support multi-function cards, so if you have a combo - ethernet/modem card (such as the 3C562), it won't work. The - default driver for the 3C589 card was written just like all of the - other drivers in FreeBSD, and depend on the card's own configuration - data stored in NVRAM to work. You must correctly configure FreeBSD's - driver to match the IRQ, port, and IOMEM stored in NVRAM. - Unfortunately, the only program capable of reading them is the - 3COM supplied DOS program. This program must be run on a absolutely - clean system (no other drivers must be running), and the program will - whine about CARD-Services not being found, but it will continue. - This is necessary to read the NVRAM values. You want to know the - IRQ, port, and IOMEM values (the latter is called the CIS tuple by - 3COM). The first two can be set in the program, the third is - un-settable, and can only be read. Once you have these values, set - them in UserConfig and your card will be recognized. - - -Q: FreeBSD finds my PCMCIA network card, but no packets appear to - be sent even though it claims to be working. - -A: Many PCMCIA cards have the ability to use either the 10-Base2 (BNC) - or 10-BaseT connectors for connecting to the network. The driver is - unable to 'auto-select' the correct connector, so you must tell it - which connector to use. In order to switch between the two - connectors, the link flags must be set. Depending on the model of - the card, '-link0 link1' or 'link0 -link1' will choose the correct - network connector. You can set these in sysinstall by using the - 'Extra options to ifconfig:' field in the network setup screen. - - -Q: The system finds my ed network card, but I keep getting device - timeout errors. - -A: Your card is probably on a different IRQ from what is specified in the - kernel configuration. The ed driver does not use the `soft' configuration - by default (values entered using EZSETUP in DOS), but it will use the - software configuration if you specify `?' in the IRQ field of your kernel - config file. - - Either move the jumper on the card to a hard configuration setting - (altering the kernel settings if necessary), or specify the IRQ as - `-1' in UserConfig or `?' in your kernel config file. This will - tell the kernel to use the soft configuration. - - Another possibility is that your card is at IRQ 9, which is shared - by IRQ 2 and frequently a cause of problems (especially when you - have a VGA card using IRQ 2! :). You should not use IRQ 2 or 9 if at - all possible. - - -Q: I have a Matsushita/Panasonic drive but it isn't recognized by the - system. - -A: Make certain that the I/O port that the matcd driver is set to is - correct for the host interface card you have. (Some SoundBlaster DOS - drivers report a hardware I/O port address for the CD-ROM interface - that is 0x10 lower than it really is.) - - If you are unable to determine the settings for the card by examining - the board or documentation, you can use UserConfig to change the 'port' - address (I/O port) to -1 and start the system. This setting causes the - driver to look at a number of I/O ports that various manufacturers - use for their Matsushita/Panasonic/Creative CD-ROM interfaces. - Once the driver locates the address, you should run UserConfig again - and specify the correct address. Leaving the 'port' parameter set to -1 - increases the amount of time that it takes the system to boot, and - this could interfere with other devices. - - The double-speed Matsushita CR-562 and CR-563 are the only drives - that are supported. - - -Q: I booted the install floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm) laptop, and the - keyboard is all messed up. - -A: Older IBM laptops use a non-standard keyboard controller, so you must - tell the keyboard driver (atkbd0) to go into a special mode which works - on the ThinkPads. Change the atkbd0 'Flags' to 0x4 in UserConfig and - it should work fine. (Look in the Input Menu for 'Keyboard'.) - - -Q: When I try to boot the install floppy, I see the following message - and nothing seems to be happening. I cannot enter anything from - the keyboard either. - - Keyboard: no - -A: Due to lack of space, full support for old XT/AT (84-key) keyboards - is no longer available in the bootblocks. Some notebook computers may - also have this type of keyboard. If you are still using this kind of - hardware, you will see the above message appears when you boot from - the CD-ROM or an install floppy. - - As soon as you see this message, hit the space bar, and you will see - the prompt: - - >> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT - Default: x:xx(x,x)/boot/loader - boot: - - Then enter `-Dh', and things should proceed normally. - - -Q: I have a Matsushita/Panasonic CR-522, a Matsushita/Panasonic CR-523 or - a TEAC CD55a drive, but it is not recognized even when the correct I/O - port is set. - -A: These CD-ROM drives are currently not supported by FreeBSD. The command - sets for these drives are not compatible with the double-speed CR-562 - and CR-563 drives. - - The single-speed CR-522 and CR-523 drives can be identified by their - use of a CD-caddy. - - -Q: I'm trying to install from a tape drive but all I get is something like: - sa0(aha0:1:0) NOT READY csi 40,0,0,0 - on the screen. Help! - -A: There's a limitation in the current sysinstall that the tape MUST - be in the drive while sysinstall is started or it won't be detected. - Try again with the tape in the drive the whole time. - - -Q: I've installed FreeBSD onto my system, but it hangs when booting from - the hard drive with the message: ``Changing root to /dev/da0a''. - -A: This problem may occur in a system with a 3com 3c509 Ethernet adaptor. - The ep0 device driver appears to be sensitive to probes for other - devices that also use address 0x300. Boot your FreeBSD system by power - cycling the machine (turn off and on). At the ``Boot:'' prompt specify - the ``-c''. This will invoke UserConfig (see Section 1. above). Use - the ``disable'' command to disable the device probes for all devices - at address 0x300 except the ep0 driver. On exit, your machine should - successfully boot FreeBSD. - - -Q: My system can not find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card. - -A: You must set your Intel EtherExpress 16 card to be memory mapped at - address 0xD0000, and set the amount of mapped memory to 32K using - the Intel supplied softset.exe program. - - -Q: When installing on an EISA HP Netserver, my on-board AIC-7xxx - SCSI controller isn't detected. - -A: This is a known problem, and will hopefully be fixed in the future. - In order to get your system installed at all, boot with the -c - option into UserConfig, but _don't_ use the pretty visual mode but - the plain old CLI mode. Type - - eisa 12 - quit - - there at the prompt. (Instead of `quit', you might also type - `visual', and continue the rest of the configuration session in - visual mode.) While it's recommended to compile a custom kernel, - dset(8) now also understands to save this value. - - Refer to the FAQ topic 3.16 for an explanation of the problem, and - for how to continue. Remember that you can find the FAQ on your - local system in /usr/share/doc/FAQ, provided you have installed the - `doc' distribution. - - -Q: I have a Panasonic AL-N1 or Rios Chandler Pentium machine and I find - that the system hangs before ever getting into the installation - now. - -A: Your machine doesn't like the new i586_copyout and i586_copyin code - for some reason. To disable this, boot the installation boot floppy - and when it comes to the very first menu (the choice to drop into - kernel UserConfig mode or not) choose the command-line interface - ("expert mode") version and type the following at it: - - flags npx0 1 - - Then proceed normally to boot. This will be saved into your kernel, - so you only need to do it once. - - -Q: I have this CMD640 IDE controller that is said to be broken. - -A: Yes, it is. FreeBSD does not support this controller except through - the legacy 'wdc' driver. - - -Q: On a Compaq Aero notebook, I get the message "No floppy devices found! - Please check ..." when trying to install from floppy. - -A: With Compaq being always a little different from other systems, they - do not announce their floppy drive in the CMOS RAM of an Aero notebook. - Therefore, the floppy disk driver assumes there is no drive configured. - Go to the UserConfig screen, and set the Flags value of the fdc0 device - to 0x1. This pretends the existence of the first floppy drive (as a - 1.44 MB drive) to the driver without asking the CMOS at all. - - -Q: When I go to boot my Intel AL440LX ("Atlanta") -based system from the - hard disk the first time, it stops with a "Read Error" message. - -A: There appears to be a bug in the BIOS on at least some of these boards, - this bug results in the FreeBSD bootloader thinking that it is booting - from a floppy disk. - This is only a problem if you are not using the BootEasy boot manager. - Slice the disk in 'compatible' mode and install BootEasy during the - FreeBSD installation to avoid the bug, or upgrade the BIOS (see Intel's - website for details). - -Q: When installing on an Dell Poweredge XE, Dell proprietary RAID controller - DSA (Dell SCSI Array) isn't recognized. - -A: Configure DSA to use AHA-1540 emulation using EISA configuration utility. - After that FreeBSD detects DSA as Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI controller, with - irq 11 and port 340. Under emulation mode system will use DSA RAID disks, - but you cannot use DSA specific features such as watching RAID health. - - -Q: My Ethernet adapter is detected as an AMD PCnet-FAST (or similar) but - it doesn't work. (Eg. onboard Ethernet on IBM Netfinity 5xxx or 7xxx) - -A: The 'lnc' driver is currently faulty, and will often not work correctly - with the PCnet-FAST and PCnet-FAST+. You need to install a different - Ethernet adapter. - - -Q: I have an IBM EtherJet PCI card, it is detected by the 'fxp' driver - correctly, but the lights on the card don't come on and it doesn't - connect to the network. - -A: We don't understand why this happens. Neither do IBM (we asked them). - The card is a standard Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 with an IBM label - on it, and these cards normally work just fine. You may see these - symptoms only in some IBM Netfinity servers. The only solution is to - install a different Ethernet adapter. - - -Q: When I configure the network during installation on an IBM Netfinity - 3500, the system freezes. - -A: There is a problem with the onboard Ethernet in the Netfinity 3500 - which we have not been able to identify at this time. It may be - related to the SMP features of the system being misconfigured. You - will have to install another Ethernet adapter and avoid attempting - to configure the onboard adapter at any time. - -Q: When I install onto a drive managed by a Mylex PCI RAID controller, - the system fails to boot (eg. with a "read error" message). - -A: There is a bug in the Mylex driver which results in it ignoring - the '8GB' geometry mode setting in the BIOS. Use the 2GB mode - instead. - -[ Please send hardware tips for this Q&A section to jkh@freebsd.org ] |
