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diff --git a/release/texts/INSTALL.TXT b/release/texts/INSTALL.TXT new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfc1697 --- /dev/null +++ b/release/texts/INSTALL.TXT @@ -0,0 +1,513 @@ ++===================== Installing FreeBSD ==========================+ +| | +| Table of Contents: | +| | +| 0.0 Quick Start: | +| 0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet. | +| | +| 1.0 Detail on various installation types: | +| 1.1 Installing from a network CDROM | +| 1.2 Installing from Floppies | +| 1.3 Installing from a DOS partition | +| 1.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI tape | +| 1.5 Installing over a network using NFS or FTP | +| 1.5.1 NFS Installation tips | +| 1.5.2 FTP Installation tips | +| | +| 2.0 DOS User's Q&A section. | +| 2.1 How do I make space for FreeBSD? | +| 2.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? | +| 2.3 Can I use DOS extended partitions? | +| 2.4 Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD? | +| | ++=====================================================================+ + +Author: Jordan K. Hubbard +Last updated: Tue Mar 24 00:56:14 PST 1998 + +0.0 Quick Start +--- ----------- + +This manual documents the process of making a new installation of +FreeBSD on your machine. If you are upgrading from a previous +release of FreeBSD, please see the file UPGRADE.TXT for important +information on upgrading. If you are not familiar with configuring +PC hardware for FreeBSD, you should also read the HARDWARE.TXT file - +it contains important information which may save you a lot of grief. + +If you're new to FreeBSD then you should also read EVERYTHING listed +in the Documentation menu on the boot floppy. It may seem like a lot +to read, but the time you spend now reading the documents will be made +up many times over because you were adequately prepared. Also, you will +know the types of information available should you get stuck later. +Once the system is installed, you can also revisit this menu and use a +WEB browser to read the installed FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) and +Handbook HTML documentation sets for FreeBSD. You can also use the +browser to visit other WEB sites on the net (like http://www.freebsd.org) +if you have an Internet connection. See ABOUT.TXT for more information +on the resources available to you. + +The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a +look at TROUBLE.TXT which contains valuable troubleshooting information. + +DISCLAIMER: While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against +accidental loss of data, it's still more than possible to WIPE OUT +YOUR ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not proceed to the +final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any +important data first! We really mean it! + +FreeBSD requires a 386 or better processor to run (sorry, there is no +support for '286 processors), 5 megs of RAM to install and 4 megs of +ram to run. You will need at least 80 megs of free hard drive space. +See below for ways of shrinking existing DOS partitions in order to +install FreeBSD. + + +0.1 Installing FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet +--- --------------------------------------------- + +The easiest type of installation is from CD. If you have a supported +CDROM drive and a FreeBSD installation CD from Walnut Creek CDROM, +there are 3 ways of starting the installation from it: + + 1. If your system supports bootable CDROM media (usually an option + which can be selectively enabled in the controller's setup menu + or in the PC BIOS for some systems) and you have it enabled, + FreeBSD 2.2.1 and later CDs support the "El Torrito" bootable + CD standard. Simply put the installation CD in your CDROM drive + and boot the system to begin installation. + + 2. If you have drivers which allow you to see your CDROM drive + from from DOS, first disable any fancy memory managers you may + have configured, change directory to the CDROM (E:\ in the example + below) and then type this: + + E> install + + and you should boot directly into the FreeBSD installation. + + If either steps fail, please go on to step 3. + + 3. Build a FreeBSD boot floppy from the floppies/boot.flp + file in a FreeBSD distribution. Either simply use the + ``makeflp.bat'' script from DOS or read floppies/README.TXT + for more information on creating bootable floppies under + different operating systems. Then you simply boot + from the floppy and you should go into the FreeBSD + installation. + +If you don't have a CDROM and would like to simply install over the +net using PPP, slip or a dedicated connection, simply fetch the +<FreeBSD-release>/floppies/boot.flp file from: + + ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD + +or one of its many mirrors (http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/mirrors.html) +and follow step 3 above. You should also read the floppies/README.TXT +file as it contains important information for downloaders. + +Once you have a boot floppy made, please go to section 1.5 of this +document for additional tips on installing via FTP or NFS. + + +1.0 Detail on various installation types +--- ------------------------------------ + +Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen +somehow, you should be able to follow the various menu prompts and go +from there. If you've never used the FreeBSD installation before, you +are also encouraged to read some of the documentation in the the +Documentation submenu as well as the general "Usage" instructions on +the first menu. + + REMEMBER: If you get stuck at a screen, hit F1 for the online + documentation for that section. + +If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the +"Novice" installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure +that you'll visit all the various important checklist items along the +way. If you're much more comfortable with the FreeBSD installation +process and know _exactly_ what you want to do, use the Express or +Custom installation options. If you're upgrading an existing system, +use the Upgrade option. + +The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape, +CDROM, FTP, NFS and UFS partitions as installation media, further tips +on installing from each type of media listed below. + + +1.1 Installing from a network CDROM +--- ------------------------------- + +If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see the +Quick Start section. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your system +and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of +another system to which you have network connectivity, there are +several ways of going about it: + +1. If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM + drive in some FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You simply add the + following line to the password file (using the vipw command): + + ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin + +And anyone else on your network will now be able to chose a Media type +of FTP and type in: ``ftp://<machine with CDROM drive>'' after picking +"Other" in the ftp sites menu. + +2. If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the + machine(s) you'll be installing from, you need to first add an + entry to the /etc/exports file (on the machine with the CDROM drive) + which looks something like this: + + /cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com + + To allow the machine "ziggy.foo.com" to mount the CDROM directly + via NFS during installation. The machine with the CDROM must also + be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if you're not sure how + to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice + for you unless you're willing to read up on rc.conf(5) and configure + things appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you + should be able to enter: <cdrom-host>:/cdrom as the path for an NFS + installation when the target machine is installed. + + +1.2 Installing from Floppies +--- ------------------------ + +If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported +hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must +first prepare some floppies for the install. + +First, make a boot floppy as described in floppies/README.TXT + +Second, read the file LAYOUT.TXT and pay special attention to the +"Distribution format" section since it describes which files you're +going to need to put onto floppy and which you can safely skip. + +Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to +hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory. If you're +preparing these floppies under DOS, then THESE floppies *must* be +formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT command. If you're using Windows, +use the Windows File Manager format command. + +Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format them again +yourself, just to make sure. Many problems reported by our users in +the past have resulted from the use of improperly formatted media, +which is why I'm taking such special care to mention it here! + +If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format +is still not a bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem +on each floppy. You can use the `disklabel' and `newfs' commands to +put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of +commands illustrates: + + fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440 + disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3 + newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0 + +After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to +copy the files onto them. The distribution files are split into +chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional +1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies, packing as many files as +will fit on each one, until you've got all the distributions you want +packed up in this fashion. Each distribution should go into its own +subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.inf, a:\bin\bin.aa, +a:\bin\bin.ab, ... + +IMPORTANT NOTE: The bin.inf file also needs to go on the first floppy +of the bin set since it is read by the installation program in order +to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when fetching and +concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto +floppies, the <distname>.inf file MUST occupy the first floppy of each +distribution set! + +Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select "Floppy" and +you'll be prompted for the rest. + + +1.3 Installing from a DOS partition +--- ------------------------------- + +To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you should simply +copy the files from the distribution into a directory called +"FREEBSD" on the Primary DOS partition ("Drive C:"). For example, to do +a minimal installation of FreeBSD from DOS using files copied from the +CDROM, you might do something like this: + + C:\> MD C:\FREEBSD + C:\> XCOPY /S E:\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN + +Assuming that `E:' was where your CD was mounted. + +For as many `DISTS' as you wish to install from DOS (and you have free +space for), install each one in a directory under `C:\FREEBSD' - the +BIN dist is only the minimal requirement. + +IMPORTANT NOTE: Though you can do all of the above by hand if you +really want to, all of it is much more easily accomplished now by +Robert Nordier's "setup.exe" program. It will give you a menu of +distribution choices, verify that you have enough free space and do +all the copying to C:\FREEBSD for you automatically. + +Once you've copied the directories or run setup.exe and let it do all +the work for you, you can simply launch the installation from DOS by +running the install.bat script (NOTE: Some memory managers don't like +this - disable QEMM or EMM386 if they're running before trying this) +or making a boot floppy as described in section 0.1. + + +1.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape +--- ----------------------------- + +When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files +to be simply tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for +the distributions you're interested in, simply tar them onto the tape +with a command something like this: + + cd /where/you/have/your/dists + tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2 + +When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you +leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed +to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've +created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of +installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage! You should +expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written +on tape. + +SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in +the drive *before* booting from the boot floppy. The installation +"probe" may otherwise fail to find it. + +Now create a boot floppy as described in section 0.1 and proceed with +the installation. + + +1.5 Installing over a network using FTP or NFS +--- ------------------------------------------ + +After making a boot floppy as described in the first section, you can +load the rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types +of connections: + + Serial port: SLIP / PPP + Parallel port: PLIP (using ``laplink'' style cable) + Ethernet: A standard Ethernet controller (including + certain PCCARD devices). + +Serial Port +----------- + +SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to +hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running between two +computers. The link must be hard-wired because the SLIP installation +doesn't currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to dial out +with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to +it, then I recommend that the PPP utility be used instead. + +If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service +Provider's IP address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know +it fairly early in the installation process. You may also need to +know your own IP address, though PPP supports dynamic address +negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from +your ISP if they support it. + +You will also need to know how to use the various "AT commands" for +dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer +provides only a very simple terminal emulator. + + +Parallel Port +------------- + +If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) or Linux +machine is available, you might also consider installing over a +"laplink" style parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel +port is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial line +(up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. It's not +typically necessary to use "real" IP addresses when using a +point-to-point parallel cable in this way and you can generally just +use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of the link (e.g. 10.0.0.1, +10.0.0.2, etc). + +IMPORTANT NOTE: If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD +machine as your PLIP peer, you will also have to specify "link0" in +the TCP/IP setup screen's ``extra options for ifconfig'' field. + + +Ethernet +-------- + +FreeBSD supports most common PC Ethernet cards, a table of supported +cards (and their required settings) being provided as part of the +FreeBSD Hardware Guide (see the Documentation menu on the boot floppy +or the top level directory of the CDROM). If you are using one of the +supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in +_before_ the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, +currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards during installation. + +You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the +"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine. +Your system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to +your particular network setup. If you will be referring to other +hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server +and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your +provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. + +If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should +really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before +trying this type of installation! Using a randomly chosen IP address +or netmask on a live network will almost certainly get you shot at +dawn. + +Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the +installation can continue over NFS or FTP. + + +1.5.1 NFS installation tips +----- --------------------- + + NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the + FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere + and then point the NFS media selection at it. + + If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is + generally the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you + will need to set this option in the Options menu before + installation can proceed. + + If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very + slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate + Options flag. + + In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support + "subdir mounts", e.g. if your FreeBSD 2.2 distribution directory + lives on: ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD + Then ziggy will have to allow the direct mounting of + /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff. + + In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file this is controlled by the + ``-alldirs'' option. Other NFS servers may have different + conventions. If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages + from the server then it's likely that you don't have this + properly enabled! + + +1.5.2 FTP Installation tips +----- --------------------- + + FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a + reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD. A full menu of + reasonable choices for almost any location in the world is + provided in the FTP site menu during installation. + + If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in + this menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server + configured properly, you can also specify your own URL by + selecting the ``Other'' choice in that menu. A URL can + contain a hostname or an IP address, so the following would + work in the absence of a name server: + + ftp://192.216.191.11/pub/FreeBSD/2.2-RELEASE + + There are two FTP installation modes you can use: + + o FTP: + + For all FTP transfers, use the standard "Active" mode for + transfers. This will not work through most firewalls but + will often work best with older ftp servers that do not + support passive mode. If your connection hangs with + passive mode, try this one! + + o FTP Passive: + + For all FTP transfers, use "Passive" mode. This allows + the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow + incoming connections on random port addresses. + + NOTE: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MODES ARE NOT THE SAME AS A `PROXY' + CONNECTIONS, WHERE A PROXY FTP SERVER IS LISTENING ON A + DIFFERENT PORT! + + In such instances, you should specify the URL as something like: + + ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD + + Where "1234" is the port number of the proxy ftp server. + + +2.0 DOS user's Question and Answer section +--- -------------------------------------- + +2.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first? +--- -------------------------------------------------------------- + +If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space +available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find +the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD +CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful. + +FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces, +preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the +second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the +DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It +will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards, +you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new partition. Also note +that FIPS will create the second partition as a "clone" of the first, +so you'll actually see that you now have two DOS Primary partitions +where you formerly had one. Don't be alarmed! You can simply delete +the extra DOS Primary partition (making sure it's the right one by +examining its size! :) + +NOTE: FIPS does NOT currently work with FAT32 or VFAT style partitions +as used by newer versions of Windows 95. To split up such a +partition, you will need a commercial product such as Partition Magic +3.0. Sorry, but this is just the breaks if you've got a Windows +partition hogging your whole disk and you don't want to reinstall from +scratch. + +2.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? +--- -------------------------------------------------- + +No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or +DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of +the filesystem you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem +will show up as one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT +REMOVE THAT FILE as you will probably regret it greatly! + +It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS extended +partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD if +such is your desire. + + +2.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions? +--- --------------------------------------- + +Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other +``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5, your E: +drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of course, that +your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives, substitute +``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended +partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.: + +mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d + + +2.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD? +--- ------------------------------------- + +Ongoing work with BSDI's doscmd utility is bringing this much closer to +being a reality in FreeBSD 3.0, though it still has some rough edges. +If you're interested in working on this, please send mail to +emulation@FreeBSD.org and indicate that you're interested in joining +this ongoing effort! + +There is also a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports collection +which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS text mode +applications. It requires the X Window System (provided as XFree86 +3.2) to operate. + + +---- End of Installation Guide --- |
