diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'release/sysinstall/help/install.hlp')
| -rw-r--r-- | release/sysinstall/help/install.hlp | 447 |
1 files changed, 447 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/release/sysinstall/help/install.hlp b/release/sysinstall/help/install.hlp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..95d060c --- /dev/null +++ b/release/sysinstall/help/install.hlp @@ -0,0 +1,447 @@ + INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR FreeBSD 2.0.5 + +This manual documents the process of installing FreeBSD on your +machine. Please also see the Hardware Guide for hardware-specific +installation instructions (how to configure your hardware, what sorts +of things to watch out for, etc) before starting a new installation. + + +Table of Contents: +================== + +1.0 DOS User's Q&A section. + 1.1 How do I make space for FreeBSD? + 1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? + 1.3 Can I use DOS extended partitions? + 1.4 Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD? + +2.0 Preparing for the installation. + 2.1 Before installing from CDROM + 2.2 Before installing from Floppy + 2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition + 2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI tape + 2.5 Before installing over a network + 2.5.1 Preparing for NFS Installation + 2.5.2 Preparing for FTP Installation + +3.0 Installing FreeBSD. + + + +1.0 DOS user's Question and Answer section +=== ====================================== + +1.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first? + +If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space +available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find +the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD +CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful. + +FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces, +preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the +second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the +DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It +will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards, +you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new free slice. See the +Distributions menu for an estimation of how much free space you'll +need for the kind of installation you want. + + +1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD? + +No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or DoubleSpace(tm), +FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of the filesystem +you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem will show up as +one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT REMOVE THAT +FILE! You will probably regret it greatly! + +It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS primary +partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD. + + +1.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions? + +This feature isn't in FreeBSD 2.0.5 but should be in 2.1. We've laid +all the groundwork for making this happen, now we just need to do the +last 1% of the work involved. + + +1.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD? + +Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are still +lacking anyone to actually do the work. Ongoing work with Linux's +DOSEMU utility may bring this much closer to being a reality sometime +soon. Send mail to hackers@freebsd.org if you're interested in +joining this effort! + +However, there is a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports collection +which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS text mode +applications. It requires the X Window System (provided as +XFree86 3.1.1u1). + + + +2.0 Preparing for the installation +=== ============================== + +2.1 Before installing from CDROM: + +If your CDROM is of an unsupported type, such as an IDE CDROM, then +please skip to section 2.3: Before installing from a DOS partition. + +There is not a lot of preparatory work that needs to be done to +successfully install from one of Walnut Creek's FreeBSD CDROMs (other +CDROM distributions may work as well, we simply cannot say as we +have no hand or say in their creation). You can either boot into the +CD installation directly from DOS using Walnut Creek's supplied +``install.bat'' batch file or you can make a boot floppy with +the ``makeflp.bat'' command. + +For the easiest interface of all (from DOS), type "go". This +will bring up a DOS menu utility that leads you through all +the available options. + +If you're creating the boot floppy from a UNIX machine, you may find +that ``dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0'' or +``dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy'' works well, depending on +your hardware and operating system environment. + +Once you've booted from DOS or floppy, you should then be able to select +CDROM as the media type in the Media menu and load the entire +distribution from CDROM. No other types of installation media should +be required. + +After your system is fully installed and you have rebooted from the +hard disk, you should find the CD mounted on the directory /cdrom. A +utility called `lndir' comes with the XFree86 distribution which you +may also find useful: It allows you to create "link tree" directories +to things on Read-Only media like CDROM. One example might be +something like this: + + mkdir /usr/ports + lndir /cdrom/ports /usr/ports + +Which would allow you to then "cd /usr/ports; make" and get all the +sources from the CD, but yet create all the intermediate files in +/usr/ports, which is presumably on a more writable media! :-) + +SPECIAL NOTE: Before invoking the installation, be sure that the +CDROM is in the drive so that the "probe" can find it! +This is also true if you wish the CDROM to be added to the default +system configuration automatically during the install (whether or +not you actually use it as the installation media). This will be +fixed for 2.1, but for now this simple work-around will ensure that +your CDROM is detected properly. + +Finally, if you would like people to be able to FTP install +FreeBSD directly from the CDROM in your machine, you'll find +it quite easy. After the machine is fully installed, you simply +need to add the following line to the password file (using +the vipw command): + + ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent + +No further work is necessary. The other installers will now be able +to chose a Media type of FTP and type in: ftp://<your machine> +after picking "Other" in the ftp sites menu! + + +2.2 Before installing from Floppy: + +If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported +hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must +first prepare some floppies for the install. + +The first floppy you'll need is ``floppies/root.flp'', which is +somewhat special in that it's not a DOS filesystem floppy at all, but +rather an "image" floppy (it's actually a gzip'd cpio file). You can +use the rawrite.exe program to do this under DOS, or ``dd'' to do it +on a UNIX Workstation (see notes in section 2.1 concerning the +``floppies/boot.flp'' image). Once this floppy is made, go on +to make the distribution set floppies: + +You will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB or 1.2MB floppies as it takes +to hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory. THESE +floppies *must* be formatted using MS-DOS, using the FORMAT command in +MS-DOS or the File Manager format command in Microsoft Windows(tm). +Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format them again yourself, +just to make sure! + +Many problems reported by our users in the past have resulted from the +use of improperly formatted media, so we simply take special care to +mention it here! + +After you've DOS formatted the floppies, you'll need to copy the files +onto them. The distribution files are split into chunks conveniently +sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional 1.44MB floppy. Go +through all your floppies, packing as many files as will fit on each +one, until you've got all the distributions you want packed up in this +fashion. Each distribution should go into a subdirectory on the +floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.aa, a:\bin\bin.ab, ... + +Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select +"Floppy" and you'll be prompted for the rest. + + +2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition: + +To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you should +simply copy the files from the distribution into a directory called +"FREEBSD". For example, to do a minimal installation of FreeBSD from +DOS using files copied from the CDROM, you might do something like +this: + + C> MD C:\FREEBSD + C> XCOPY /S E:\DISTS\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN + C> XCOPY /S E:\FLOPPIES C:\FREEBSD\FLOPPIES + +Asssuming that `C:' was where you had free space and `E:' was where +your CD was mounted. Note that you need the FLOPPIES directory +because the `root.flp' image is automatically looked for there when +you're doing a DOS installation. + +For as many `DISTS' as you wish to install from DOS (and you have free +space for), install each one in a directory under `C:\FREEBSD' - the +BIN dist is only the minimal requirement. + + +2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI Tape: + +Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, short of an +on-line install using FTP or a CDROM install. The installation program +expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto the tape, so after getting +all of the files for distribution you're interested in, simply tar +them onto the tape with a command like: + + cd /freebsd/distdir + tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2 + +Make sure that the `floppies/' directory is one of the "dists" given +above, since the installation will look for `floppies/root.flp' on +the tape. + +When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you +leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed +to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've +created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of +installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage! You should +expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written +on tape. + +SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in +the drive *before* booting from the boot floppy. The installation +"probe" may otherwise fail to find it. + + +2.5 Before installing over a network: + +You can do network installations over 3 types of communications links: + + Serial port: SLIP / PPP + Parallel port: PLIP (laplink cable) + Ethernet: A standard ethernet controller (includes some PCMCIA). + +SLIP support is rather primitive, and limited primarily to hard-wired +links, such as a serial cable running between a laptop computer and +another computer. The link should be hard-wired as the SLIP +installation doesn't currently offer a dialing capability; that +facility is provided with the PPP utility, which should be used in +preference to SLIP whenever possible. + +If you're using a modem, then PPP is almost certainly your only +choice. Make sure that you have your service provider's information +handy as you'll need to know it fairly soon in the installation +process. You will need to know, at the minimum, your service +provider's IP address and possibly your own (though you can also leave +it blank and allow PPP to negotiate it with your ISP). You also need +to know how to use the various "AT commands" to dial the ISP with your +particular modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very simple +terminal emulator. + +If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) machine +is available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink" +parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much +higher than what is typically possible over a serial line (up to +50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. + +Finally, for the fastest possible network installation, an ethernet +adaptor is always a good choice! FreeBSD supports most common PC +ethernet cards, a table of supported cards (and their required +settings) is provided as part of the FreeBSD Hardware Guide - see the +Documentation menu on the boot floppy. If you are using one of the +supported PCMCIA ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in +_before_ the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, +currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards. + +You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the +"netmask" value for your address class, and the name of your machine. +Your system administrator can tell you which values to use for your +particular network setup. If you will be referring to other hosts by +name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server and +possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your +provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. If you do not know +the answers to all or most of these questions, then you should +really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before +trying this type of installation! + +Once you have a network link of some sort working, the installation +can continue over NFS or FTP. + +2.5.1 Preparing for NFS installation: + + NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the + FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere + and then point the NFS media selection at it. + + If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is + generally the default for Sun workstations), you will need to set + this option in the Options menu before installation can proceed. + + If you have a poor quality ethernet card which suffers from very + slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate + Options flag. + + In order for NFS installation to work, the server must support + "subdir mounts"; e.g., if your FreeBSD 2.0.5 distribution directory + lives on: ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD + Then ziggy will have to allow the direct mounting of + /usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff. + + In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file, this is controlled by the + ``-alldirs'' option. Other NFS servers may have different + conventions. If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages + from the server then it's likely that you don't have this + enabled properly! + + +2.5.2 Preparing for FTP Installation + + FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a + reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD 2.0.5. A full menu of + reasonable choices from almost anywhere in the world is provided + by the FTP site menu. + + If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in this + menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server configured + properly, you can also specify your own URL by selecting the ``Other'' + choice in that menu. A URL can also be a direct IP address, so + the following would work in the absence of a name server: + + ftp://192.216.222.4/pub/FreeBSD/2.0.5-RELEASE + + [Substitute "ALPHA" for "RELEASE" during the ALPHA test period!] + + If you are installing through a firewall then you should probably + select ``Passive mode'' ftp, which is the default. If you are + talking to a server which does not support passive mode for some + reason, see the Options menu to select Active mode transfers. + + +3. Installing FreeBSD +-- ------------------ + +Once you've taken note of the appropriate preinstallation steps, you +should be able to install FreeBSD without any further trouble. + +Should this not be true, then you may wish to go back and re-read the +relevant preparation section (section 2.x) for the installation media +type you're trying to use - perhaps there's a helpful hint there that +you missed the first time? If you're having hardware trouble, or +FreeBSD refuses to boot at all, read the Hardware Guide provided on +the boot floppy for a list of possible solutions. + +The FreeBSD boot floppy contains all the on-line documentation you +should need to be able to navigate through an installation and if it +doesn't then I'd like to know what you found most confusing! It is +the objective of the FreeBSD installation program (sysinstall) to be +self-documenting enough that painful "step-by-step" guides are no +longer necessary. It may take us a little while to reach that +objective, but that's the objective! + +Meanwhile, you may also find the following "typical installation sequence" +to be helpful: + +o Boot the boot floppy. After a boot sequence which can take + anywhere from from 30 seconds to 3 minutes, depending on your + hardware, you should be presented with a menu of initial + choices. If the floppy doesn't boot at all, or the boot + hangs at some stage, go read the Q&A section of the Hardware + Guide for possible causes. + +o Press F1. You should see some basic usage instructions on + the menu system and general navigation. If you haven't used this + menu system before then PLEASE read this thoroughly! + +o If English is not your native language, you may wish to proceed + directly to the Language option and set your preferred language. + This will bring up some of the documentation in that language + instead of english. + +o Select the Options item and set any special preferences you + may have. + +o Select Proceed, bringing you to the Installation Menu. + +Installation Menu: + +o You can do anything you like in this menu without altering + your system _except_ for "Commit", which will perform any + requests to alter your system you may have made. + + If you're confused at any point, the F1 key usually pulls + up the right information for the screen you're in. + + o The first step is generally `Partition', which allows + you to chose how your drives will be used for FreeBSD. + + o Next, with the `Label' editor, you can specify how the space + in any allocated FreeBSD partitions should be used by FreeBSD, + or where to mount a non-FreeBSD partition (such as DOS). + + o Next, the `Distributions' menu allows you to specify which + parts of FreeBSD you wish to load. A good choice is + "User" for a small system or "Developer" for someone + wanting a bit more out of FreeBSD. If none of the existing + collections sound applicable, select Custom. + + o Next, the `Media' menu allows you to specify what kind of + media you wish to install from. If a desired media choice is + found and configured automatically then this menu will simply + return, otherwise you'll be asked for additional details on + the media device type. + + o Finally, the Commit command will actually perform all the + actions at once (nothing has been written to your disk + so far, nor will it until you give the final confirmation). + All new or changed partition information will be written + out, file systems will be created and/or non-destructively + labelled (depending on how you set their newfs flags in the + Label editor) and all selected distributions will be + extracted. + + o The Configure menu choice allows you to furthur configure your + FreeBSD installation by giving you menu-driven access to + various system defaults. Some items, like networking, may + be especially important if you did a CDROM/Tape/Floppy + installation and have not yet configured your network + interfaces (assuming you have some). Properly configuring + your network here will allow FreeBSD to come up on the network + when you first reboot from the hard disk. + + o Exit returns you to the top menu. + + + At this point, you're generally done with the sysinstall utility and +can select the final `Quit'. If you're running it as an installer +(e.g., before the system is all the way up) then the system will now +reboot. If you selected the boot manager option, you will see a small +boot menu with an `F?' prompt. Press the function key for BSD (it +will be shown) and you should boot up into FreeBSD off the hard disk. + + If this fails to happen for some reason, see the Q & A section +of the Hardware Guide for possible clues! + + Jordan + +---- End of Installation Guide --- |
