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-README for XFree86 3.1.1u1 on FreeBSD 2.0.5
-Rich Murphey, David Dawes
-20 January 1995
-
-1. What and Where is XFree86?
-------------------------------
-
-XFree86 is a port of X11R6 that supports several versions of Intel-
-based Unix. It is derived from X386 1.2, which was the X server
-distributed with X11R5. This release consists of many new features
-and performance improvements as well as many bug fixes. The release
-is available as source patches against the X Consortium X11R6 code, as
-well as binary distributions for many architectures.
-
-See the Copyright Notice (COPYRIGHT.html).
-
-The sources for XFree86 are available as part of the FreeBSD 2.0.5
-distribution, or by anonymous ftp from:
-
-ftp.XFree86.org:/pub/XFree86/current
-(ftp://ftp.XFree86.org/pub/XFree86/current)
-
-
-Binaries for XFree86 on FreeBSD are also available as part of
-2.0.5 or from:
-
-ftp.XFree86.org:/pub/XFree86/current/binaries/FreeBSD-2.0
-(ftp://ftp.XFree86.org/pub/XFree86/current/binaries/FreeBSD-2.0)
-
-XFree86.cdrom.com:/pub/XFree86/current/binaries/FreeBSD-2.0
-(ftp://XFree86.cdrom.com/pub/XFree86/current/binaries/FreeBSD-2.0)
-
-Send email to Rich-Murphey@Rice.edu or XFree86@XFree86.org if you have
-comments or suggestions about this file and we'll revise it.
-
-
-2. Installing the Binaries
----------------------------
-
-In the FreeBSD 2.0.5 distribution, XFree86 comes in 3 major sections:
-"basic" distributions, fonts and servers. At the minimum, you will
-need the binaries and libraries from the basic distribution, the
-"misc" fonts collection and at least one server. The smallest usable
-distribution is around 9MB.
-
-If you can't decide what to pick and you have 52Mb of disk
-space, it's safe to unpack everything.
-
-What follows is a description of the various distribution files
-comprising XFree86. If you are installing this as part of FreeBSD
-2.0.5 then there's no need to use these files directly: You may
-simply check the desired components off the installation menus
-provided for that purpose. If you're installing this manually,
-then the following information should prove useful:
-
- Required (6.7Mb):
-
- X311bin.tgz
- all the executable X client applications and shared libs
-
- X311fnts.tgz
- the misc and 75 dpi fonts
-
- X311lib.tgz
- data files needed at runtime
-
-
- Required unless you have already customized your configuration
- files:
-
- X311xicf.tgz
- customizable xinit runtime configuration file
-
- X311xdcf.tgz
- customizable xdm runtime configuration file
-
- Choose at least one server ( 2.3Mb):
-
- X3118514.tgz
- 8-bit color for IBM 8514 and true compatibles.
-
- X311AGX.tgz
- 8-bit color for AGX boards.
-
- X311Mch3.tgz
- 8 and 16-bit color for ATI Mach32 boards.
-
- X311Mch8.tgz
- 8-bit color for ATI Mach8 boards.
-
- X311Mono.tgz
- 1-bit monochrome for VGA, Super-VGA, Hercules, and others.
-
- X311P9K.tgz
- 8, 16, and 24-bit color for Weitek P9000 boards (Diamond
- Viper).
-
- X311S3.tgz
- 8, 16 and 24-bit color for S3 boards (#9 GXE, Actix GE32,
- SPEA Mercury, STB Pegasus)
-
- X311SVGA.tgz
- 8-bit color for Super-VGA cards.
-
- X311VG16.tgz
- 4-bit color for VGA and Super-VGA cards
-
- X311W32.tgz
- 8-bit Color for ET4000/W32, /W32i and /W32p cards.
-
- X311nest.tgz
- A nested server running as a client window on another
- display.
-
- Optional:
-
- X311doc.tgz
- (.5Mb) READMEs and XFree86 specific man pages
-
- X311man.tgz
- (1.7Mb) man pages except XFree86 specific ones in etc archive
-
- X311f100.tgz
- (1.8Mb) 100dpi fonts
-
- X311fscl.tgz
- (1.6Mb) Speedo and Type1 fonts
-
- X311fnon.tgz
- (3.3Mb) Japanese, Chinese and other non-English fonts
-
- X311fsrv.tgz
- (.3Mb) the font server and it's man page
-
- X311prog.tgz
- (3.9Mb) config, lib*.a and *.h files needed only for
- compiling
-
- X311link.tgz
- (7.8Mb) X server reconfiguration kit
-
- X311pex.tgz
- (.5Mb) PEX fonts and shared libs needed by PEX applications.
-
- X311lbx.tgz
- (.2Mb) low bandwidth X proxy server and libraries.
-
-Note that there is no longer a separate xdm archive. FreeBSD 2.0
-and later handles this in shared libraries now, so that the xdm
-binary does not itself contain des and there is no more need for
-us to provide separate tar balls.
-
-
-2.1. Full Install:
--------------------
-
-[ Note: Unless you're installing XFree86 3.1.1u1 manually, that is
- to say not as part of the FreeBSD 2.0.5 installation, you may skip
- to section 2.3 ]
-
- 1. You must be logged in as root to unpack the archives because
- several executables are set-user-id. Otherwise the server may
- abort if you unpack it as an ordinary user. You must also use a
- ``umask'' value of 022 because the X server requires special
- permissions.
-
- % su
- # umask 022
-
-
- 2. If you have 52Mb free in the /usr partition ``cd /usr'' and skip
- to no. 3. Otherwise, create a directory on another partition
- and sym link it into /usr:
-
- # cd /usr/local
- # mkdir X11R6
- # ln -s /usr/local/X11R6 /usr/X11R6
-
-
- 3. Unpack everything:
-
- If you are using sh (as root usually does):
-
- # for i in X311*.tgz; do
- # tar -xzf $i
- # done
-
-
- Else, if you are using csh:
-
- % foreach i (X311*.tgz)
- % tar -xzf $i
- % end
-
-
- 4. Create a symbolic link ``X'' that points to the server that
- matches your video card. The XF86_* man pages list which vga
- chip sets are supported by each server. For example, if you
- have an ET4000 based card you will use the XF86_SVGA server:
-
- # cd /usr/X11R6/bin; rm X; ln -s XF86_SVGA X
-
-
-2.2. Minimal Install:
-----------------------
-
-First do numbers 1 and 2 above. Then unpack the required archives:
-
- # for i in bin fnts lib xicf; do
- # tar -xzf X311$i.tgz
- # done
-
-
-Then unpack a server archive corresponding to your vga card. The
-server man pages, X11R6/man/man1/XF86_*, list the vga chip sets
-supported by each server. For example, if you have an ET4000 based
-card you will use the XF86_SVGA server:
-
- # tar -xzf X311SVGA.tgz
- # cd /usr/X11R6/bin; rm X; ln -s XF86_SVGA X
-
-
-2.3. After either Full or Minimal Install above:
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Add /usr/X11R6/bin to the default path for sh in /etc/profile and for
-csh in /etc/csh.login if they are not already there:
-
- # echo 'set path = ($path /usr/X11R6/bin)' >>/etc/csh.login
- # echo 'PATH=$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin' >>/etc/profile
-
-
-Or make sure all who use X put /usr/X11R6/bin in their shell's
-``path'' variable.
-
-Next either reboot or invoke ldconfig as root to put the shared
-libraries in ld.so's cache:
-
- # ldconfig /usr/lib /usr/local/lib /usr/X11R6/lib
-
-
-If you had already configured X11R6/lib/X11/xinit/xinitrc or
-X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/* omit the xinit-config or xdm-config archive or
-unpack it separately and merge in your customizations.
-
-The fscl and f100 archives are optional and can be omitted if you are
-short on space. The optional link archive allows you to reconfigure
-and customize a X server binary. The optional prog archive is needed
-only for writing or compiling X applications. The optional pex
-archive contains pex clients and libraries for building 3D graphics
-applications.
-
- NOTE: You don't need to uncompress the font files, but if
- you uncompress them anyway you must run mkfontdir in the
- corresponding font directory; otherwise your server will
- abort with the message ``could not open default font
- 'fixed'''.
-
-
-3. Installing The Display Manager (xdm)
-----------------------------------------
-
-The display manager makes your PC look like an X terminal. That is,
-it presents you with a login screen that runs under X.
-
-The easiest way to automatically start the display manager on boot is
-to add a line in /etc/ttys to start it on one of the unoccupied
-virtual terminals:
-
- ttyv4 "/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon" xterm on secure
-
-You should also make sure that /usr/X11R6/bin/X is a symbolic link to
-the Xserver that matches your video card or edit the file Xservers in
-/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm to specify the pathname of the X server.
-
-The change to /etc/ttys won't take effect until you either reboot or
-``kill -HUP 1'' to force initd to reread /etc/ttys. You can also test
-the display manager manually by loging in as root on the console and
-typing ``xdm -nodaemon''.
-
-
-4. Configuring X for Your Hardware
------------------------------------
-
-The XF86Config file tells the X server what kind of monitor, video
-card and mouse you have. You must create it to tell the server what
-specific hardware you have.
-
-XFree86 3.1 uses a new configuration file format. Consult the
-XF86Config man page and the general INSTALL (INSTALL.html) file for
-instructions.
-
-If you have a Xconfig file for XFree86 2.x, use reconfig to translate
-part of it into the new format:
-
- # reconfig <Xconfig >XF86Config
-
-and complete the rest according to the XF86Config man page and the
-XF86Config.sample file as a template.
-
-In order to protect your hardware from damage, the server no longer
-will read XF86Config files from a user's home directory, but requires
-that it be in /etc/XF86Config, /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config.hostname
-or /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config.
-
-You'll need info on your hardware:
-
- o Your mouse type, baud rate and it's /dev entry.
-
- o The video card's chipset (e.g. ET4000, S3, etc).
-
- o Your monitor's sync frequencies.
-
-The easiest way to find which device your mouse is plugged into is to
-use ``cat'' or ``kermit'' to look at the output of the mouse. Connect
-to it and just make sure that it generates output when the mouse is
-moved or clicked:
-
- % cat < /dev/cuaa0
-
-If you can't find the right mouse device then use ``dmesg|grep sio''
-to get a list of devices that were detected upon booting:
-
- % dmesg|grep sio
- sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 on isa
-
-Then double check the /dev entries corresponding to these devices.
-Use the script /dev/MAKEDEV to create entries if they don't already
-exist:
-
- % cd /dev
- % sh MAKEDEV cuaa0
-
-If you plan to fine tune the screen size or position on your monitor
-you'll need the specs for sync frequencies from your monitor's manual.
-
-
-5. Running X
--------------
-
-8mb of memory is a recommended minimum for running X. The server,
-window manager, display manager and an xterm take about 8Mb of virtual
-memory themselves. Even if their resident set size is smaller, on a
-8Mb system that leaves very space for other applications such as gcc
-that expect a few meg free. The R6 X servers may work with 4Mb of
-memory, but in practice compilation while running X can take 5 or 10
-times as long due to constant paging.
-
-The easiest way for new users to start X windows is to type ``startx
->& startx.log''. Error messages are lost unless you redirect them
-because the server takes over the screen.
-
-To get out of X windows, type: ``exit'' in the console xterm. You can
-customize your X by creating .xinitrc, .xserverrc, and .twmrc files in
-your home directory as described in the xinit and startx man pages.
-
-
-6. Rebuilding Kernels for X
-----------------------------
-
-The GENERIC FreeBSD 2.0 kernel supports XFree86 without any
-modifications required. You do not need to make any changes to the
-GENERIC kernel or any kernel configuration which is a superset.
-
-For a general description of BSD kernel configuration get
-smm.02.config.ps.Z
-(ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/BSD/manuals/smm.02.config.ps.Z). It is
-a ready-to-print postscript copy of the kernel configuration chapter
-from the system maintainers manual.
-
-If you do decide to reduce your kernel configuration file, do not
-remove the two lines below (in /sys/arch/i386/conf). They are both
-required for X support:
-
- options XSERVER #Xserver
- options UCONSOLE #X Console support
-
-The generic FreeBSD 2.0 kernel is configured by default with the
-syscons driver. To configure your kernel similarly it should have a
-line like this in /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC:
-
- device sc0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" tty irq 1 vector scintr
-
-The maximum number of virtual consoles can be set using the MAXCONS
-option:
-
- options "MAXCONS=4" #4 virtual consoles
-
-
-Otherwise, the default without a line like this is 12. You must have
-more VTs than gettys as described in the end of section 3, and 4 is a
-reasonable minimum.
-
-The server supports several console drivers: pccons, syscons and pcvt.
-The syscons driver is the default in FreeBSD 1.1.5 and higher. They
-are detected at runtime and no configuration of the server itself is
-required.
-
-The pcvt console driver is bundled into FreeBSD and may be enabled
-by changing the `sc0' line in your kernel configuration file to
-`vt0'. See /sys/i386/conf/LINT for more details.
-
-The XFree86 servers include support for the MIT-SHM extension. The
-GENERIC kernel does not support this, so if you want to make use of
-this, you will need a kernel configured with SYSV shared memory
-support. To do this, add the following line to your kernel config
-file:
-
- options SYSVSHM # System V shared memory
- options SYSVSEM # System V semaphores
- options SYSVMSG # System V message queues
-
-
-If you are using a SoundBlaster 16 on IRQ 2 (9), then you need a patch
-for sb16_dsp.c. Otherwise a kernel configured with the SoundBlaster
-driver will claim interrupt 9 doesn't exist and X server will lock up.
-
-S3 cards and serial port COM 4 cannot be installed together on a
-system because the I/O port addresses overlap.
-
-
-7. Rebuilding XFree86
-----------------------
-
-The server link kit allows you to build an X server using a minimum
-amount of disk space. Just unpack it, make the appropriate changes to
-site.def, type ``./mkmf' and ``make'' to link the server. See
-README.LinkKit (LinkKit.html) for more info.
-
-The source tree takes about 114Mb before compiling and an additional
-100Mb after ``make World''. You should configure the distribution by
-editing xf86site.def and site.def in xc/config/cf before compiling.
-By default, the config files are set up to build shared libraries. If
-you are running a version of FreeBSD that doesn't include shared
-library support, add the following line to site.def:
-
- #define BuildBsdSharedLibs NO
-
-If your system doesn't have support or SYSV shared memory (for
-example, if you don't have the <sys/shm.h> header), you should disable
-the MIT-SHM extension by adding the following line to site.def:
-
- #define HasShm NO
-
-To compile the sources on FreeBSD 1.1 and later, type:
-
- make World
-
-
-8. Building Other X Clients
-----------------------------
-
-The easiest way to build a new client (X application) is to use xmkmf
-if an Imakefile is included with it. Type ``xmkmf -a'' to create the
-Makefiles, then type ``make''. Whenever you install additional man
-pages you should update whatis.db by running ``makewhatis
-/usr/X11R6/man''.
-
-Note: Starting with XFree86 2.1 and FreeBSD 1.1, the symbol __386BSD__
-no longer gets defined either by the compiler or via the X config
-files for FreeBSD systems. When porting clients to BSD systems, make
-use of the symbol BSD for code which is truly BSD-specific. The value
-of the symbol can be used to distinguish different BSD releases. For
-example, code specific to the Net-2 and later releases can use:
-
- #if (BSD >= 199103)
-
-To ensure that this symbol is correctly defined, include <sys/param.h>
-in the source that requires it. Note that the symbol CSRG_BASED is
-defined for *BSD systems in XFree86 3.1.1 and later. This should be
-used to protect the inclusion of <sys/param.h>.
-
-For code that really is specific to a particular i386 BSD port, use
-__FreeBSD__ for FreeBSD, __NetBSD__ for NetBSD, __386BSD__ for 386BSD,
-and __bsdi__ for BSD/386.
-
-
-9. Thanks
-----------
-
-Many thanks to:
-
- o Pace Willison for providing initial *BSD support.
-
- o Amancio Hasty for 386BSD kernel and S3 chipset support.
-
- o David Greenman, Nate Williams, Jordan Hubbard for FreeBSD kernel
- support.
-
- o Rod Grimes, Jordan Hubbard and Jack Velte for the use of Walnut
- Creek Cdrom's hardware.
-
- o Orest Zborowski, Simon Cooper and Dirk Hohndel for ideas from
- the Linux distribution.
-
-$XConsortium: FreeBSD.sgml,v 1.3 95/01/23 15:34:41 kaleb Exp $
-Generated from XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/doc/sgml/FreeBSD.sgml,v 3.10 1995/01/28 16:01:28 dawes Exp $
-
-
-$XFree86: xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/doc/READ.FreeBSD,v 3.12 1995/01/28 16:19:37 dawes Exp $
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