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-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Paul Kranenburg
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgment:
-.\" This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.
-.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
-.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
-.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
-.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
-.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.Dd June 27, 1995
-.Dt RTLD 1
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm ld.so ,
-.Nm rtld
-.Nd run-time link-editor
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm
-is a self-contained, position independent program image providing run-time
-support for loading and link-editing shared objects into a process'
-address space.
-It uses the data structures
-(see
-.Xr link 5 )
-contained within dynamically linked programs to determine which shared
-libraries are needed and loads them at a convenient virtual address
-using the
-.Xr mmap 2
-system call.
-.Pp
-After all shared libraries have been successfully loaded,
-.Nm
-proceeds to resolve external references from both the main program and
-all objects loaded.
-A mechanism is provided for initialization routines
-to be called, on a per-object basis, giving a shared object an opportunity
-to perform any extra set-up, before execution of the program proper begins.
-This is useful for C++ libraries that contain static constructors.
-.Pp
-.Nm
-is itself a shared object that is initially loaded by the startup module
-.Em crt0 .
-Since
-.Xr a.out 5
-formats do not provide easy access to the file header from within a running
-process,
-.Em crt0
-uses the special symbol
-.Va _DYNAMIC
-to determine whether a program is in fact dynamically linked or not.
-Whenever
-the linker
-.Xr ld 1
-has relocated this symbol to a location other than 0,
-.Em crt0
-assumes the services of
-.Nm
-are needed
-(see
-.Xr link 5
-for details).
-.Em crt0
-passes control to
-.Nm Ns 's
-entry point before the program's
-.Fn main
-routine is called.
-Thus,
-.Nm
-can complete the link-editing process before the dynamic program calls upon
-services of any dynamic library.
-.Pp
-To quickly locate the required shared objects in the file system,
-.Nm
-may use a
-.Dq hints
-file, prepared by the
-.Xr ldconfig 8
-utility, in which the full path specification of the shared objects can be
-looked up by hashing on the 3-tuple
-.Aq library-name , major-version-number , minor-version-number .
-.Pp
-.Nm
-recognizes a number of environment variables that can be used to modify
-its behaviour as follows:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width "LD_IGNORE_MISSING_OBJECTS"
-.It Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH
-A colon separated list of directories, overriding the default search path
-for shared libraries.
-This is ignored for set-user-ID and set-group-ID programs.
-.It Ev LD_PRELOAD
-A colon separated list of shared libraries, to be linked in before any
-other shared libraries.
-If the directory is not specified then
-the directories specified by LD_LIBRARY_PATH will be searched first
-followed by the set of built-in standard directories.
-This is ignored for set-user-ID and set-group-ID programs.
-.It Ev LD_BIND_NOW
-When set to a nonempty string, causes
-.Nm
-to relocate all external function calls before starting execution of the
-program.
-Normally, function calls are bound lazily, at the first call
-of each function.
-.Ev LD_BIND_NOW
-increases the start-up time of a program, but it avoids run-time
-surprises caused by unexpectedly undefined functions.
-.It Ev LD_WARN_NON_PURE_CODE
-When set to a nonempty string, issue a warning whenever a link-editing
-operation requires modification of the text segment of some loaded
-object.
-This is usually indicative of an incorrectly built library.
-.It Ev LD_SUPPRESS_WARNINGS
-When set to a nonempty string, no warning messages of any kind are
-issued.
-Normally, a warning is given if satisfactorily versioned
-library could not be found.
-.It Ev LD_IGNORE_MISSING_OBJECTS
-When set to a nonempty string, makes it a nonfatal condition if
-one or more required shared objects cannot be loaded.
-Loading and execution proceeds using the objects that are
-available.
-A warning is produced for each missing object, unless the environment
-variable
-.Ev LD_SUPPRESS_WARNINGS
-is set to a nonempty string.
-.Pp
-This is ignored for set-user-ID and set-group-ID programs.
-.Pp
-Missing shared objects can be ignored without errors if all the
-following conditions hold:
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-They do not supply definitions for any required data symbols.
-.It
-No functions defined by them are called during program execution.
-.It
-The environment variable
-.Ev LD_BIND_NOW
-is unset or is set to the empty string.
-.El
-.It Ev LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS
-When set to a nonempty string, causes
-.Nm
-to exit after loading the shared objects and printing a summary which includes
-the absolute pathnames of all objects, to standard output.
-.It Ev LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_FMT1
-.It Ev LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_FMT2
-When set, these variables are interpreted as format strings a la
-.Xr printf 3
-to customize the trace output and are used by
-.Xr ldd 1 Ns 's
-.Fl f
-option and allows
-.Xr ldd 1
-to be operated as a filter more conveniently.
-The following conversions can be used:
-.Bl -tag -width "xxxx"
-.It \&%a
-The main program's name
-(also known as
-.Dq __progname ) .
-.It \&%A
-The value of the environment variable
-.Ev LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_PROGNAME
-.It \&%o
-The library name.
-.It \&%m
-The library's major version number.
-.It \&%n
-The library's minor version number.
-.It \&%p
-The full pathname as determined by
-.Nm rtld Ns 's
-library search rules.
-.It \&%x
-The library's load address.
-.El
-.Pp
-Additionally,
-.Sy \en
-and
-.Sy \et
-are recognized and have their usual meaning.
-.\" .It Ev LD_NO_INTERN_SEARCH
-.\" When set,
-.\" .Nm
-.\" does not process any internal search paths that were recorded in the
-.\" executable.
-.\" .It Ev LD_NOSTD_PATH
-.\" When set, do not include a set of built-in standard directory paths for
-.\" searching. This might be useful when running on a system with a completely
-.\" non-standard file system layout.
-.El
-.Pp
-.Sh FILES
-/var/run/ld.so.hints
-.Pp
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr ld 1 ,
-.Xr link 5 ,
-.Xr ldconfig 8
-.Sh HISTORY
-The shared library model employed first appeared in SunOS 4.0.
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