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Diffstat (limited to 'lib/libc/sys/wait.2')
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diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/wait.2 b/lib/libc/sys/wait.2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4812fc --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/libc/sys/wait.2 @@ -0,0 +1,365 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" @(#)wait.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 +.\" $FreeBSD$ +.\" +.Dd November 12, 2005 +.Dt WAIT 2 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm wait , +.Nm waitpid , +.Nm wait4 , +.Nm wait3 +.Nd wait for process termination +.Sh LIBRARY +.Lb libc +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.In sys/types.h +.In sys/wait.h +.Ft pid_t +.Fn wait "int *status" +.Ft pid_t +.Fn waitpid "pid_t wpid" "int *status" "int options" +.In sys/time.h +.In sys/resource.h +.Ft pid_t +.Fn wait3 "int *status" "int options" "struct rusage *rusage" +.Ft pid_t +.Fn wait4 "pid_t wpid" "int *status" "int options" "struct rusage *rusage" +.Sh DESCRIPTION +The +.Fn wait +function suspends execution of its calling process until +.Fa status +information is available for a terminated child process, +or a signal is received. +On return from a successful +.Fn wait +call, +the +.Fa status +area contains termination information about the process that exited +as defined below. +The +.Fn wait +call is the same as +.Fn wait4 +with a +.Fa wpid +value of -1, +with an +.Fa options +value of zero, +and a +.Fa rusage +value of zero. +.Pp +The +.Fn wait4 +system call provides a more general interface for programs +that need to wait for certain child processes, +that need resource utilization statistics accumulated by child processes, +or that require options. +The other wait functions are implemented using +.Fn wait4 . +.Pp +The +.Fa wpid +argument specifies the set of child processes for which to wait. +If +.Fa wpid +is -1, the call waits for any child process. +If +.Fa wpid +is 0, +the call waits for any child process in the process group of the caller. +If +.Fa wpid +is greater than zero, the call waits for the process with process id +.Fa wpid . +If +.Fa wpid +is less than -1, the call waits for any process whose process group id +equals the absolute value of +.Fa wpid . +.Pp +The +.Fa status +argument is defined below. +.Pp +The +.Fa options +argument contains the bitwise OR of any of the following options. +The +.Dv WCONTINUED +option indicates that children of the current process that +have continued from a job control stop, by receiving a +.Dv SIGCONT +signal, should also have their status reported. +The +.Dv WNOHANG +option +is used to indicate that the call should not block if +there are no processes that wish to report status. +If the +.Dv WUNTRACED +option is set, +children of the current process that are stopped +due to a +.Dv SIGTTIN , SIGTTOU , SIGTSTP , +or +.Dv SIGSTOP +signal also have their status reported. +The +.Dv WSTOPPED +option is an alias for +.Dv WUNTRACED . +The +.Dv WNOWAIT +option keeps the process whose status is returned in a waitable state. +The process may be waited for again after this call completes. +.Pp +If +.Fa rusage +is non-zero, a summary of the resources used by the terminated +process and all its +children is returned (this information is currently not available +for stopped or continued processes). +.Pp +When the +.Dv WNOHANG +option is specified and no processes +wish to report status, +.Fn wait4 +returns a +process id +of 0. +.Pp +The +.Fn waitpid +function is identical to +.Fn wait4 +with an +.Fa rusage +value of zero. +The older +.Fn wait3 +call is the same as +.Fn wait4 +with a +.Fa wpid +value of -1. +.Pp +The following macros may be used to test the manner of exit of the process. +One of the first three macros will evaluate to a non-zero (true) value: +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fn WIFCONTINUED status +True if the process has not terminated, and +has continued after a job control stop. +This macro can be true only if the wait call specified the +.Dv WCONTINUED +option). +.It Fn WIFEXITED status +True if the process terminated normally by a call to +.Xr _exit 2 +or +.Xr exit 3 . +.It Fn WIFSIGNALED status +True if the process terminated due to receipt of a signal. +.It Fn WIFSTOPPED status +True if the process has not terminated, but has stopped and can be restarted. +This macro can be true only if the wait call specified the +.Dv WUNTRACED +option +or if the child process is being traced (see +.Xr ptrace 2 ) . +.El +.Pp +Depending on the values of those macros, the following macros +produce the remaining status information about the child process: +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fn WEXITSTATUS status +If +.Fn WIFEXITED status +is true, evaluates to the low-order 8 bits +of the argument passed to +.Xr _exit 2 +or +.Xr exit 3 +by the child. +.It Fn WTERMSIG status +If +.Fn WIFSIGNALED status +is true, evaluates to the number of the signal +that caused the termination of the process. +.It Fn WCOREDUMP status +If +.Fn WIFSIGNALED status +is true, evaluates as true if the termination +of the process was accompanied by the creation of a core file +containing an image of the process when the signal was received. +.It Fn WSTOPSIG status +If +.Fn WIFSTOPPED status +is true, evaluates to the number of the signal +that caused the process to stop. +.El +.Sh NOTES +See +.Xr sigaction 2 +for a list of termination signals. +A status of 0 indicates normal termination. +.Pp +If a parent process terminates without +waiting for all of its child processes to terminate, +the remaining child processes are assigned the parent +process 1 ID (the init process ID). +.Pp +If a signal is caught while any of the +.Fn wait +calls are pending, +the call may be interrupted or restarted when the signal-catching routine +returns, +depending on the options in effect for the signal; +see discussion of +.Dv SA_RESTART +in +.Xr sigaction 2 . +.Pp +The implementation queues one +.Dv SIGCHLD +signal for each child process whose +status has changed, if +.Fn wait +returns because the status of a child process is available, the pending +SIGCHLD signal associated with the process ID of the child process will +be discarded. +Any other pending +.Dv SIGCHLD +signals remain pending. +.Pp +If +.Dv SIGCHLD +is blocked, +.Fn wait +returns because the status of a child process is available, the pending +.Dv SIGCHLD +signal will be cleared unless another status of the child process +is available. +.Sh RETURN VALUES +If +.Fn wait +returns due to a stopped, continued, +or terminated child process, the process ID of the child +is returned to the calling process. +Otherwise, a value of \-1 +is returned and +.Va errno +is set to indicate the error. +.Pp +If +.Fn wait4 , +.Fn wait3 , +or +.Fn waitpid +returns due to a stopped, continued, +or terminated child process, the process ID of the child +is returned to the calling process. +If there are no children not previously awaited, +-1 is returned with +.Va errno +set to +.Er ECHILD . +Otherwise, if +.Dv WNOHANG +is specified and there are +no stopped, continued or exited children, +0 is returned. +If an error is detected or a caught signal aborts the call, +a value of -1 +is returned and +.Va errno +is set to indicate the error. +.Sh ERRORS +The +.Fn wait +function +will fail and return immediately if: +.Bl -tag -width Er +.It Bq Er ECHILD +The calling process has no existing unwaited-for +child processes. +.It Bq Er ECHILD +No status from the terminated child process is available +because the calling process has asked the system to discard +such status by ignoring the signal +.Dv SIGCHLD +or setting the flag +.Dv SA_NOCLDWAIT +for that signal. +.It Bq Er EFAULT +The +.Fa status +or +.Fa rusage +argument points to an illegal address. +(May not be detected before exit of a child process.) +.It Bq Er EINTR +The call was interrupted by a caught signal, +or the signal did not have the +.Dv SA_RESTART +flag set. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr _exit 2 , +.Xr ptrace 2 , +.Xr sigaction 2 , +.Xr exit 3 , +.Xr siginfo 3 +.Sh STANDARDS +The +.Fn wait +and +.Fn waitpid +functions are defined by POSIX; +.Fn wait4 +and +.Fn wait3 +are not specified by POSIX. +The +.Fn WCOREDUMP +macro +and the ability to restart a pending +.Fn wait +call are extensions to the POSIX interface. +.Sh HISTORY +The +.Fn wait +function appeared in +.At v6 . |
