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-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
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-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
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-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)wait.2	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.Dd November 12, 2005
-.Dt WAIT 2
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm wait ,
-.Nm waitpid ,
-.Nm wait4 ,
-.Nm wait3
-.Nd wait for process termination
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In sys/types.h
-.In sys/wait.h
-.Ft pid_t
-.Fn wait "int *status"
-.Ft pid_t
-.Fn waitpid "pid_t wpid" "int *status" "int options"
-.In sys/time.h
-.In sys/resource.h
-.Ft pid_t
-.Fn wait3 "int *status" "int options" "struct rusage *rusage"
-.Ft pid_t
-.Fn wait4 "pid_t wpid" "int *status" "int options" "struct rusage *rusage"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn wait
-function suspends execution of its calling process until
-.Fa status
-information is available for a terminated child process,
-or a signal is received.
-On return from a successful
-.Fn wait
-call,
-the
-.Fa status
-area contains termination information about the process that exited
-as defined below.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn wait4
-system call provides a more general interface for programs
-that need to wait for certain child processes,
-that need resource utilization statistics accumulated by child processes,
-or that require options.
-The other wait functions are implemented using
-.Fn wait4 .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa wpid
-argument specifies the set of child processes for which to wait.
-If
-.Fa wpid
-is -1, the call waits for any child process.
-If
-.Fa wpid
-is 0,
-the call waits for any child process in the process group of the caller.
-If
-.Fa wpid
-is greater than zero, the call waits for the process with process id
-.Fa wpid .
-If
-.Fa wpid
-is less than -1, the call waits for any process whose process group id
-equals the absolute value of
-.Fa wpid .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa status
-argument is defined below.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa options
-argument contains the bitwise OR of any of the following options.
-The
-.Dv WCONTINUED
-option indicates that children of the current process that
-have continued from a job control stop, by receiving a
-.Dv SIGCONT
-signal, should also have their status reported.
-The
-.Dv WNOHANG
-option
-is used to indicate that the call should not block if
-there are no processes that wish to report status.
-If the
-.Dv WUNTRACED
-option is set,
-children of the current process that are stopped
-due to a
-.Dv SIGTTIN , SIGTTOU , SIGTSTP ,
-or
-.Dv SIGSTOP
-signal also have their status reported.
-The
-.Dv WSTOPPED
-option is an alias for
-.Dv WUNTRACED .
-The
-.Dv WNOWAIT
-option keeps the process whose status is returned in a waitable state.
-The process may be waited for again after this call completes.
-.Pp
-If
-.Fa rusage
-is non-zero, a summary of the resources used by the terminated
-process and all its
-children is returned (this information is currently not available
-for stopped or continued processes).
-.Pp
-When the
-.Dv WNOHANG
-option is specified and no processes
-wish to report status,
-.Fn wait4
-returns a
-process id
-of 0.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn waitpid
-function is identical to
-.Fn wait4
-with an
-.Fa rusage
-value of zero.
-The older
-.Fn wait3
-call is the same as
-.Fn wait4
-with a
-.Fa wpid
-value of -1.
-.Pp
-The following macros may be used to test the manner of exit of the process.
-One of the first three macros will evaluate to a non-zero (true) value:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fn WIFCONTINUED status
-True if the process has not terminated, and
-has continued after a job control stop.
-This macro can be true only if the wait call specified the
-.Dv WCONTINUED
-option).
-.It Fn WIFEXITED status
-True if the process terminated normally by a call to
-.Xr _exit 2
-or
-.Xr exit 3 .
-.It Fn WIFSIGNALED status
-True if the process terminated due to receipt of a signal.
-.It Fn WIFSTOPPED status
-True if the process has not terminated, but has stopped and can be restarted.
-This macro can be true only if the wait call specified the
-.Dv WUNTRACED
-option
-or if the child process is being traced (see
-.Xr ptrace 2 ) .
-.El
-.Pp
-Depending on the values of those macros, the following macros
-produce the remaining status information about the child process:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fn WEXITSTATUS status
-If
-.Fn WIFEXITED status
-is true, evaluates to the low-order 8 bits
-of the argument passed to
-.Xr _exit 2
-or
-.Xr exit 3
-by the child.
-.It Fn WTERMSIG status
-If
-.Fn WIFSIGNALED status
-is true, evaluates to the number of the signal
-that caused the termination of the process.
-.It Fn WCOREDUMP status
-If
-.Fn WIFSIGNALED status
-is true, evaluates as true if the termination
-of the process was accompanied by the creation of a core file
-containing an image of the process when the signal was received.
-.It Fn WSTOPSIG status
-If
-.Fn WIFSTOPPED status
-is true, evaluates to the number of the signal
-that caused the process to stop.
-.El
-.Sh NOTES
-See
-.Xr sigaction 2
-for a list of termination signals.
-A status of 0 indicates normal termination.
-.Pp
-If a parent process terminates without
-waiting for all of its child processes to terminate,
-the remaining child processes are assigned the parent
-process 1 ID (the init process ID).
-.Pp
-If a signal is caught while any of the
-.Fn wait
-calls are pending,
-the call may be interrupted or restarted when the signal-catching routine
-returns,
-depending on the options in effect for the signal;
-see discussion of
-.Dv SA_RESTART
-in
-.Xr sigaction 2 .
-.Pp
-The implementation queues one
-.Dv SIGCHLD
-signal for each child process whose
-status has changed, if
-.Fn wait
-returns because the status of a child process is available, the pending
-SIGCHLD signal associated with the process ID of the child process will
-be discarded.
-Any other pending
-.Dv SIGCHLD
-signals remain pending.
-.Pp
-If
-.Dv SIGCHLD
-is blocked,
-.Fn wait
-returns because the status of a child process is available, the pending
-.Dv SIGCHLD
-signal will be cleared unless another status of the child process
-is available.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-If
-.Fn wait
-returns due to a stopped, continued,
-or terminated child process, the process ID of the child
-is returned to the calling process.
-Otherwise, a value of \-1
-is returned and
-.Va errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.Pp
-If
-.Fn wait4 ,
-.Fn wait3 ,
-or
-.Fn waitpid
-returns due to a stopped, continued,
-or terminated child process, the process ID of the child
-is returned to the calling process.
-If there are no children not previously awaited,
--1 is returned with
-.Va errno
-set to
-.Er ECHILD .
-Otherwise, if
-.Dv WNOHANG
-is specified and there are
-no stopped, continued or exited children,
-0 is returned.
-If an error is detected or a caught signal aborts the call,
-a value of -1
-is returned and
-.Va errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.Sh ERRORS
-The
-.Fn wait
-function
-will fail and return immediately if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er ECHILD
-The calling process has no existing unwaited-for
-child processes.
-.It Bq Er ECHILD
-No status from the terminated child process is available
-because the calling process has asked the system to discard
-such status by ignoring the signal
-.Dv SIGCHLD
-or setting the flag
-.Dv SA_NOCLDWAIT
-for that signal.
-.It Bq Er EFAULT
-The
-.Fa status
-or
-.Fa rusage
-argument points to an illegal address.
-(May not be detected before exit of a child process.)
-.It Bq Er EINTR
-The call was interrupted by a caught signal,
-or the signal did not have the
-.Dv SA_RESTART
-flag set.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr _exit 2 ,
-.Xr ptrace 2 ,
-.Xr sigaction 2 ,
-.Xr exit 3 ,
-.Xr siginfo 3
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn wait
-and
-.Fn waitpid
-functions are defined by POSIX;
-.Fn wait4
-and
-.Fn wait3
-are not specified by POSIX.
-The
-.Fn WCOREDUMP
-macro
-and the ability to restart a pending
-.Fn wait
-call are extensions to the POSIX interface.
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Fn wait
-function appeared in
-.At v6 .