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-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)select.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/25/94
-.\"
-.Dd March 25, 1994
-.Dt SELECT 2
-.Os BSD 4.2
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm select
-.Nd synchronous I/O multiplexing
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
-.Fd #include <sys/time.h>
-.Fd #include <unistd.h>
-.Ft int
-.Fn select "int nfds" "fd_set *readfds" "fd_set *writefds" "fd_set *exceptfds" "struct timeval *timeout"
-.Fn FD_SET fd &fdset
-.Fn FD_CLR fd &fdset
-.Fn FD_ISSET fd &fdset
-.Fn FD_ZERO &fdset
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Fn Select
-examines the I/O descriptor sets whose addresses are passed in
-.Fa readfds ,
-.Fa writefds ,
-and
-.Fa exceptfds
-to see if some of their descriptors
-are ready for reading, are ready for writing, or have an exceptional
-condition pending, respectively.
-The first
-.Fa nfds
-descriptors are checked in each set;
-i.e., the descriptors from 0 through
-.Fa nfds Ns No -1
-in the descriptor sets are examined.
-On return,
-.Fn select
-replaces the given descriptor sets
-with subsets consisting of those descriptors that are ready
-for the requested operation.
-.Fn Select
-returns the total number of ready descriptors in all the sets.
-.Pp
-The descriptor sets are stored as bit fields in arrays of integers.
-The following macros are provided for manipulating such descriptor sets:
-.Fn FD_ZERO &fdset
-initializes a descriptor set
-.Fa fdset
-to the null set.
-.Fn FD_SET fd &fdset
-includes a particular descriptor
-.Fa fd
-in
-.Fa fdset .
-.Fn FD_CLR fd &fdset
-removes
-.Fa fd
-from
-.Fa fdset .
-.Fn FD_ISSET fd &fdset
-is non-zero if
-.Fa fd
-is a member of
-.Fa fdset ,
-zero otherwise.
-The behavior of these macros is undefined if
-a descriptor value is less than zero or greater than or equal to
-.Dv FD_SETSIZE ,
-which is normally at least equal
-to the maximum number of descriptors supported by the system.
-.Pp
-If
-.Fa timeout
-is a non-nil pointer, it specifies a maximum interval to wait for the
-selection to complete. If
-.Fa timeout
-is a nil pointer, the select blocks indefinitely. To effect a poll, the
-.Fa timeout
-argument should be non-nil, pointing to a zero-valued timeval structure.
-.Pp
-Any of
-.Fa readfds ,
-.Fa writefds ,
-and
-.Fa exceptfds
-may be given as nil pointers if no descriptors are of interest.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-.Fn Select
-returns the number of ready descriptors that are contained in
-the descriptor sets,
-or -1 if an error occurred.
-If the time limit expires,
-.Fn select
-returns 0.
-If
-.Fn select
-returns with an error,
-including one due to an interrupted call,
-the descriptor sets will be unmodified.
-.Sh ERRORS
-An error return from
-.Fn select
-indicates:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-One of the descriptor sets specified an invalid descriptor.
-.It Bq Er EINTR
-A signal was delivered before the time limit expired and
-before any of the selected events occurred.
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-The specified time limit is invalid. One of its components is
-negative or too large.
-.It Bq Er EINVAL
-.Fa nfds
-was invalid.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr accept 2 ,
-.Xr connect 2 ,
-.Xr getdtablesize 2 ,
-.Xr gettimeofday 2 ,
-.Xr read 2 ,
-.Xr recv 2 ,
-.Xr send 2 ,
-.Xr write 2 ,
-.Xr clocks 7
-.Sh NOTES
-The default size of
-.Dv FD_SETSIZE
-is currently 1024.
-In order to accomodate programs which might potentially
-use a larger number of open files with
-.Fn select
-, it is possible
-to increase this size by having the program define
-.Dv FD_SETSIZE
-before the inclusion of any header which includes
-.Aq Pa sys/types.h .
-.Pp
-If
-.Fa nfds
-is greater than the number of open files,
-.Fn select
-is not guaranteed to examine the unused file descriptors. For historical
-reasons,
-.Fn select
-will always examine the first 256 descriptors.
-.Sh BUGS
-.Fn select
-should probably return the time remaining from the original timeout,
-if any, by modifying the time value in place.
-This may be implemented in future versions of the system.
-Thus, it is unwise to assume that the timeout value will be unmodified
-by the
-.Fn select
-call.
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Fn select
-function call appeared in
-.Bx 4.2 .
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