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-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)dup.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
-.\" $Id: dup.2,v 1.7 1997/02/22 15:03:49 peter Exp $
-.\"
-.Dd June 4, 1993
-.Dt DUP 2
-.Os BSD 4
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm dup ,
-.Nm dup2
-.Nd duplicate an existing file descriptor
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Fd #include <unistd.h>
-.Ft int
-.Fn dup "int oldd"
-.Ft int
-.Fn dup2 "int oldd" "int newd"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Fn Dup
-duplicates an existing object descriptor and returns its value to
-the calling process
-.Fa ( newd
-=
-.Fn dup oldd ) .
-The argument
-.Fa oldd
-is a small non-negative integer index in
-the per-process descriptor table. The value must be less
-than the size of the table, which is returned by
-.Xr getdtablesize 2 .
-The new descriptor returned by the call
-is the lowest numbered descriptor
-currently not in use by the process.
-.Pp
-The object referenced by the descriptor does not distinguish
-between
-.Fa oldd
-and
-.Fa newd
-in any way.
-Thus if
-.Fa newd
-and
-.Fa oldd
-are duplicate references to an open
-file,
-.Xr read 2 ,
-.Xr write 2
-and
-.Xr lseek 2
-calls all move a single pointer into the file,
-and append mode, non-blocking I/O and asynchronous I/O options
-are shared between the references.
-If a separate pointer into the file is desired, a different
-object reference to the file must be obtained by issuing an
-additional
-.Xr open 2
-call.
-The close-on-exec flag on the new file descriptor is unset.
-.Pp
-In
-.Fn dup2 ,
-the value of the new descriptor
-.Fa newd
-is specified. If this descriptor is already in use and
-.Fa oldd
-!=
-.Fa newd ,
-the descriptor is first deallocated as if a
-.Xr close 2
-call had been used.
-If
-.Fa oldd
-is not a valid descriptor, then
-.Fa newd
-is not closed.
-If
-.Fa oldd
-==
-.Fa newd
-and
-.Fa oldd
-is a valid descriptor, then
-.Fn dup2
-is successful, and does nothing.
-.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
-.Pp
-In the non-threaded library
-.Fn dup
-is implemented as the
-.Va dup
-syscall.
-.Pp
-In the threaded library, the
-.Va dup
-syscall is assembled to
-.Fn _thread_sys_dup
-and
-.Fn dup
-is implemented as a function which locks
-.Va oldd
-for read and write, then calls
-.Fn _thread_sys_dup .
-Before returning,
-.Fn dup
-unlocks
-.Va oldd .
-.Pp
-In the non-threaded library
-.Fn dup2
-is implemented as the
-.Va dup2
-syscall.
-.Pp
-In the threaded library, the
-.Va dup2
-syscall is assembled to
-.Fn _thread_sys_dup2
-and
-.Fn dup2
-is implemented as a function which locks both
-.Va oldd
-and
-.Va newd
-for read and write, then calls
-.Fn _thread_sys_dup2 .
-Before returning,
-.Fn dup2
-unlocks
-.Va oldd .
-and
-.Va newd .
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-The value -1 is returned if an error occurs in either call.
-The external variable
-.Va errno
-indicates the cause of the error.
-.Sh ERRORS
-.Fn Dup
-and
-.Fn dup2
-fail if:
-.Bl -tag -width Er
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-.Fa Oldd
-or
-.Fa newd
-is not a valid active descriptor
-.It Bq Er EMFILE
-Too many descriptors are active.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr accept 2 ,
-.Xr close 2 ,
-.Xr fcntl 2 ,
-.Xr getdtablesize 2 ,
-.Xr open 2 ,
-.Xr pipe 2 ,
-.Xr socket 2 ,
-.Xr socketpair 2
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn dup
-and
-.Fn dup2
-function calls are expected to conform to
-.St -p1003.1-90 .
-.Sh HISTORY
-A
-.Fn dup
-and a
-.Fn dup2
-function call appeared in
-.At v7 .
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