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-.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
-.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
-.\" on Information Processing Systems.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)scanf.3	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.Dd January 4, 2003
-.Dt SCANF 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm scanf ,
-.Nm fscanf ,
-.Nm sscanf ,
-.Nm vscanf ,
-.Nm vsscanf ,
-.Nm vfscanf
-.Nd input format conversion
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In stdio.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn scanf "const char * restrict format" ...
-.Ft int
-.Fn fscanf "FILE * restrict stream" "const char * restrict format" ...
-.Ft int
-.Fn sscanf "const char * restrict str" "const char * restrict format" ...
-.In stdarg.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn vscanf "const char * restrict format" "va_list ap"
-.Ft int
-.Fn vsscanf "const char * restrict str" "const char * restrict format" "va_list ap"
-.Ft int
-.Fn vfscanf "FILE * restrict stream" "const char * restrict format" "va_list ap"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn scanf
-family of functions scans input according to a
-.Fa format
-as described below.
-This format may contain
-.Em conversion specifiers ;
-the results from such conversions, if any,
-are stored through the
-.Em pointer
-arguments.
-The
-.Fn scanf
-function
-reads input from the standard input stream
-.Dv stdin ,
-.Fn fscanf
-reads input from the stream pointer
-.Fa stream ,
-and
-.Fn sscanf
-reads its input from the character string pointed to by
-.Fa str .
-The
-.Fn vfscanf
-function
-is analogous to
-.Xr vfprintf 3
-and reads input from the stream pointer
-.Fa stream
-using a variable argument list of pointers (see
-.Xr stdarg 3 ) .
-The
-.Fn vscanf
-function scans a variable argument list from the standard input and
-the
-.Fn vsscanf
-function scans it from a string;
-these are analogous to
-the
-.Fn vprintf
-and
-.Fn vsprintf
-functions respectively.
-Each successive
-.Em pointer
-argument must correspond properly with
-each successive conversion specifier
-(but see the
-.Cm *
-conversion below).
-All conversions are introduced by the
-.Cm %
-(percent sign) character.
-The
-.Fa format
-string
-may also contain other characters.
-White space (such as blanks, tabs, or newlines) in the
-.Fa format
-string match any amount of white space, including none, in the input.
-Everything else
-matches only itself.
-Scanning stops
-when an input character does not match such a format character.
-Scanning also stops
-when an input conversion cannot be made (see below).
-.Sh CONVERSIONS
-Following the
-.Cm %
-character introducing a conversion
-there may be a number of
-.Em flag
-characters, as follows:
-.Bl -tag -width ".Cm l No (ell)"
-.It Cm *
-Suppresses assignment.
-The conversion that follows occurs as usual, but no pointer is used;
-the result of the conversion is simply discarded.
-.It Cm hh
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
-or
-.Cm n
-and the next pointer is a pointer to a
-.Vt char
-(rather than
-.Vt int ) .
-.It Cm h
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
-or
-.Cm n
-and the next pointer is a pointer to a
-.Vt "short int"
-(rather than
-.Vt int ) .
-.It Cm l No (ell)
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
-or
-.Cm n
-and the next pointer is a pointer to a
-.Vt "long int"
-(rather than
-.Vt int ) ,
-that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm a , e , f ,
-or
-.Cm g
-and the next pointer is a pointer to
-.Vt double
-(rather than
-.Vt float ) ,
-or that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm c ,
-.Cm s
-or
-.Cm \&[
-and the next pointer is a pointer to an array of
-.Vt wchar_t
-(rather than
-.Vt char ) .
-.It Cm ll No (ell ell)
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
-or
-.Cm n
-and the next pointer is a pointer to a
-.Vt "long long int"
-(rather than
-.Vt int ) .
-.It Cm L
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm a , e , f ,
-or
-.Cm g
-and the next pointer is a pointer to
-.Vt "long double" .
-.It Cm j
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
-or
-.Cm n
-and the next pointer is a pointer to a
-.Vt intmax_t
-(rather than
-.Vt int ) .
-.It Cm t
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
-or
-.Cm n
-and the next pointer is a pointer to a
-.Vt ptrdiff_t
-(rather than
-.Vt int ) .
-.It Cm z
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
-or
-.Cm n
-and the next pointer is a pointer to a
-.Vt size_t
-(rather than
-.Vt int ) .
-.It Cm q
-(deprecated.)
-Indicates that the conversion will be one of
-.Cm dioux
-or
-.Cm n
-and the next pointer is a pointer to a
-.Vt "long long int"
-(rather than
-.Vt int ) .
-.El
-.Pp
-In addition to these flags,
-there may be an optional maximum field width,
-expressed as a decimal integer,
-between the
-.Cm %
-and the conversion.
-If no width is given,
-a default of
-.Dq infinity
-is used (with one exception, below);
-otherwise at most this many bytes are scanned
-in processing the conversion.
-In the case of the
-.Cm lc ,
-.Cm ls
-and
-.Cm l[
-conversions, the field width specifies the maximum number
-of multibyte characters that will be scanned.
-Before conversion begins,
-most conversions skip white space;
-this white space is not counted against the field width.
-.Pp
-The following conversions are available:
-.Bl -tag -width XXXX
-.It Cm %
-Matches a literal
-.Ql % .
-That is,
-.Dq Li %%
-in the format string
-matches a single input
-.Ql %
-character.
-No conversion is done, and assignment does not occur.
-.It Cm d
-Matches an optionally signed decimal integer;
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt int .
-.It Cm i
-Matches an optionally signed integer;
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt int .
-The integer is read in base 16 if it begins
-with
-.Ql 0x
-or
-.Ql 0X ,
-in base 8 if it begins with
-.Ql 0 ,
-and in base 10 otherwise.
-Only characters that correspond to the base are used.
-.It Cm o
-Matches an octal integer;
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt "unsigned int" .
-.It Cm u
-Matches an optionally signed decimal integer;
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt "unsigned int" .
-.It Cm x , X
-Matches an optionally signed hexadecimal integer;
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt "unsigned int" .
-.It Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g , G
-Matches a floating-point number in the style of
-.Xr strtod 3 .
-The next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt float
-(unless
-.Cm l
-or
-.Cm L
-is specified.)
-.It Cm s
-Matches a sequence of non-white-space characters;
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt char ,
-and the array must be large enough to accept all the sequence and the
-terminating
-.Dv NUL
-character.
-The input string stops at white space
-or at the maximum field width, whichever occurs first.
-.Pp
-If an
-.Cm l
-qualifier is present, the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt wchar_t ,
-into which the input will be placed after conversion by
-.Xr mbrtowc 3 .
-.It Cm S
-The same as
-.Cm ls .
-.It Cm c
-Matches a sequence of
-.Em width
-count
-characters (default 1);
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt char ,
-and there must be enough room for all the characters
-(no terminating
-.Dv NUL
-is added).
-The usual skip of leading white space is suppressed.
-To skip white space first, use an explicit space in the format.
-.Pp
-If an
-.Cm l
-qualifier is present, the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt wchar_t ,
-into which the input will be placed after conversion by
-.Xr mbrtowc 3 .
-.It Cm C
-The same as
-.Cm lc .
-.It Cm \&[
-Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from the specified set
-of accepted characters;
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt char ,
-and there must be enough room for all the characters in the string,
-plus a terminating
-.Dv NUL
-character.
-The usual skip of leading white space is suppressed.
-The string is to be made up of characters in
-(or not in)
-a particular set;
-the set is defined by the characters between the open bracket
-.Cm [
-character
-and a close bracket
-.Cm ]
-character.
-The set
-.Em excludes
-those characters
-if the first character after the open bracket is a circumflex
-.Cm ^ .
-To include a close bracket in the set,
-make it the first character after the open bracket
-or the circumflex;
-any other position will end the set.
-The hyphen character
-.Cm -
-is also special;
-when placed between two other characters,
-it adds all intervening characters to the set.
-To include a hyphen,
-make it the last character before the final close bracket.
-For instance,
-.Ql [^]0-9-]
-means the set
-.Dq "everything except close bracket, zero through nine, and hyphen" .
-The string ends with the appearance of a character not in the
-(or, with a circumflex, in) set
-or when the field width runs out.
-.Pp
-If an
-.Cm l
-qualifier is present, the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt wchar_t ,
-into which the input will be placed after conversion by
-.Xr mbrtowc 3 .
-.It Cm p
-Matches a pointer value (as printed by
-.Ql %p
-in
-.Xr printf 3 ) ;
-the next pointer must be a pointer to
-.Vt void .
-.It Cm n
-Nothing is expected;
-instead, the number of characters consumed thus far from the input
-is stored through the next pointer,
-which must be a pointer to
-.Vt int .
-This is
-.Em not
-a conversion, although it can be suppressed with the
-.Cm *
-flag.
-.El
-.Pp
-The decimal point
-character is defined in the program's locale (category
-.Dv LC_NUMERIC ) .
-.Pp
-For backwards compatibility, a
-.Dq conversion
-of
-.Ql %\e0
-causes an immediate return of
-.Dv EOF .
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-These
-functions
-return
-the number of input items assigned, which can be fewer than provided
-for, or even zero, in the event of a matching failure.
-Zero
-indicates that, while there was input available,
-no conversions were assigned;
-typically this is due to an invalid input character,
-such as an alphabetic character for a
-.Ql %d
-conversion.
-The value
-.Dv EOF
-is returned if an input failure occurs before any conversion such as an
-end-of-file occurs.
-If an error or end-of-file occurs after conversion
-has begun,
-the number of conversions which were successfully completed is returned.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr getc 3 ,
-.Xr mbrtowc 3 ,
-.Xr printf 3 ,
-.Xr strtod 3 ,
-.Xr strtol 3 ,
-.Xr strtoul 3 ,
-.Xr wscanf 3
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The functions
-.Fn fscanf ,
-.Fn scanf ,
-.Fn sscanf ,
-.Fn vfscanf ,
-.Fn vscanf
-and
-.Fn vsscanf
-conform to
-.St -isoC-99 .
-.Sh BUGS
-Earlier implementations of
-.Nm
-treated
-.Cm \&%D , \&%E , \&%F , \&%O
-and
-.Cm \&%X
-as their lowercase equivalents with an
-.Cm l
-modifier.
-In addition,
-.Nm
-treated an unknown conversion character as
-.Cm \&%d
-or
-.Cm \&%D ,
-depending on its case.
-This functionality has been removed.
-.Pp
-Numerical strings are truncated to 512 characters; for example,
-.Cm %f
-and
-.Cm %d
-are implicitly
-.Cm %512f
-and
-.Cm %512d .
-.Pp
-The
-.Cm %n$
-modifiers for positional arguments are not implemented.
-.Pp
-The
-.Nm
-family of functions do not correctly handle multibyte characters in the
-.Fa format
-argument.