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-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     From: @(#)rcmd.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
-.\"	$Id$
-.\"
-.Dd February 15, 1996
-.Dt RCMD 3
-.Os BSD 4.2
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm rcmd ,
-.Nm rresvport ,
-.Nm iruserok ,
-.Nm ruserok
-.Nd routines for returning a stream to a remote command
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Fd #include <unistd.h>
-.Ft int
-.Fn rcmd "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p"
-.Ft int
-.Fn rresvport "int *port"
-.Ft int
-.Fn iruserok "u_long raddr" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
-.Ft int
-.Fn ruserok "const char *rhost" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn rcmd
-function
-is used by the super-user to execute a command on
-a remote machine using an authentication scheme based
-on reserved port numbers.
-The
-.Fn rresvport
-function
-returns a descriptor to a socket
-with an address in the privileged port space.
-The
-.Fn ruserok
-function
-is used by servers
-to authenticate clients requesting service with
-.Fn rcmd .
-All three functions are present in the same file and are used
-by the
-.Xr rshd 8
-server (among others).
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn rcmd
-function
-looks up the host
-.Fa *ahost
-using
-.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
-returning \-1 if the host does not exist.
-Otherwise
-.Fa *ahost
-is set to the standard name of the host
-and a connection is established to a server
-residing at the well-known Internet port
-.Fa inport .
-.Pp
-If the connection succeeds,
-a socket in the Internet domain of type
-.Dv SOCK_STREAM
-is returned to the caller, and given to the remote
-command as 
-.Em stdin
-and
-.Em stdout .
-If
-.Fa fd2p
-is non-zero, then an auxiliary channel to a control
-process will be set up, and a descriptor for it will be placed
-in
-.Fa *fd2p .
-The control process will return diagnostic
-output from the command (unit 2) on this channel, and will also
-accept bytes on this channel as being
-.Tn UNIX
-signal numbers, to be
-forwarded to the process group of the command.
-If
-.Fa fd2p
-is 0, then the 
-.Em stderr
-(unit 2 of the remote
-command) will be made the same as the 
-.Em stdout
-and no
-provision is made for sending arbitrary signals to the remote process,
-although you may be able to get its attention by using out-of-band data.
-.Pp
-The protocol is described in detail in
-.Xr rshd 8 .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn rresvport
-function is used to obtain a socket with a privileged
-address bound to it.  This socket is suitable for use
-by 
-.Fn rcmd
-and several other functions.  Privileged Internet ports are those
-in the range 0 to 1023.  Only the super-user
-is allowed to bind an address of this sort to a socket.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn iruserok
-and
-.Fn ruserok
-functions take a remote host's IP address or name, as returned by the
-.Xr gethostbyname 3
-routines, two user names and a flag indicating whether the local user's
-name is that of the super-user.
-Then, if the user is
-.Em NOT
-the super-user, it checks the
-.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
-file.
-If that lookup is not done, or is unsuccessful, the
-.Pa .rhosts
-in the local user's home directory is checked to see if the request for
-service is allowed.
-.Pp
-If this file does not exist, is not a regular file, is owned by anyone
-other than the user or the super-user, or is writable by anyone other
-than the owner, the check automatically fails.
-Zero is returned if the machine name is listed in the
-.Dq Pa hosts.equiv
-file, or the host and remote user name are found in the
-.Dq Pa .rhosts
-file; otherwise
-.Fn iruserok
-and
-.Fn ruserok
-return \-1.
-If the local domain (as obtained from
-.Xr gethostname 3 )
-is the same as the remote domain, only the machine name need be specified.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn iruserok
-function is strongly preferred for security reasons.
-It requires trusting the local DNS at most, while the
-.Fn ruserok
-function requires trusting the entire DNS, which can be spoofed.
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
-The
-.Fn rcmd
-function
-returns a valid socket descriptor on success.
-It returns \-1 on error and prints a diagnostic message on the standard error.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn rresvport
-function
-returns a valid, bound socket descriptor on success.
-It returns \-1 on error with the global value
-.Va errno
-set according to the reason for failure.
-The error code
-.Dv EAGAIN
-is overloaded to mean ``All network ports in use.''
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr rlogin 1 ,
-.Xr rsh 1 ,
-.Xr intro 2 ,
-.Xr rexec 3 ,
-.Xr rexecd 8 ,
-.Xr rlogind 8 ,
-.Xr rshd 8
-.Sh HISTORY
-These
-functions appeared in 
-.Bx 4.2 .