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-.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)exec.3	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/24/94
-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.\"
-.Dd January 24, 1994
-.Dt EXEC 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm execl ,
-.Nm execlp ,
-.Nm execle ,
-.Nm exect ,
-.Nm execv ,
-.Nm execvp
-.Nd execute a file
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Fd #include <unistd.h>
-.Vt extern char **environ;
-.Ft int
-.Fn execl "const char *path" "const char *arg" ...
-.Ft int
-.Fn execlp "const char *file" "const char *arg" ...
-.Ft int
-.Fn execle "const char *path" "const char *arg" ...
-.Ft int
-.Fn exect "const char *path" "char *const argv[]" "char *const envp[]"
-.Ft int
-.Fn execv "const char *path" "char *const argv[]"
-.Ft int
-.Fn execvp "const char *file" "char *const argv[]"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Nm exec
-family of functions replaces the current process image with a
-new process image.
-The functions described in this manual page are front-ends for the function
-.Xr execve 2 .
-(See the manual page for
-.Xr execve 2
-for detailed information about the replacement of the current process.)
-.Pp
-The initial argument for these functions is the pathname of a file which
-is to be executed.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa "const char *arg"
-and subsequent ellipses in the
-.Fn execl ,
-.Fn execlp ,
-and
-.Fn execle
-functions can be thought of as
-.Em arg0 ,
-.Em arg1 ,
-\&...,
-.Em argn .
-Together they describe a list of one or more pointers to null-terminated
-strings that represent the argument list available to the executed program.
-The first argument, by convention, should point to the file name associated
-with the file being executed.
-The list of arguments
-.Em must
-be terminated by a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn exect ,
-.Fn execv ,
-and
-.Fn execvp
-functions provide an array of pointers to null-terminated strings that
-represent the argument list available to the new program.
-The first argument, by convention, should point to the file name associated
-with the file begin executed.
-The array of pointers
-.Sy must
-be terminated by a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn execle
-and
-.Fn exect
-functions also specify the environment of the executed process by following
-the
-.Dv NULL
-pointer that terminates the list of arguments in the parameter list
-or the pointer to the argv array with an additional parameter.
-This additional parameter is an array of pointers to null-terminated strings
-and
-.Em must
-be terminated by a
-.Dv NULL
-pointer.
-The other functions take the environment for the new process image from the
-external variable
-.Va environ
-in the current process.
-.Pp
-Some of these functions have special semantics.
-.Pp
-The functions
-.Fn execlp
-and
-.Fn execvp
-will duplicate the actions of the shell in searching for an executable file
-if the specified file name does not contain a slash
-.Dq Li /
-character.
-The search path is the path specified in the environment by
-.Dq Ev PATH
-variable.
-If this variable isn't specified, the default path
-.Dq Ev /bin:/usr/bin:
-is
-used.
-In addition, certain errors are treated specially.
-.Pp
-If an error is ambiguous (for simplicity, we shall consider all
-errors except
-.Er ENOEXEC
-as being ambiguous here, although only the critical error
-.Er EACCES
-is really ambiguous), 
-then these functions will act as if they stat the file to determine
-whether the file exists and has suitable execute permissions.
-If it does, they will return immediately with the global variable
-.Va errno
-restored to the value set by
-.Fn execve .
-Otherwise, the search will be continued.
-If the search completes without performing a successful
-.Fn execve
-or terminating due to an error,
-these functions will return with the global variable
-.Va errno
-set to
-.Er EACCES
-or
-.Er ENOENT
-according to whether at least one file with suitable execute permissions
-was found.
-.Pp
-If the header of a file isn't recognized (the attempted
-.Fn execve
-returned
-.Er ENOEXEC ) ,
-these functions will execute the shell with the path of
-the file as its first argument.
-(If this attempt fails, no further searching is done.)
-.Pp
-The function
-.Fn exect
-executes a file with the program tracing facilities enabled (see
-.Xr ptrace 2 ) .
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-If any of the
-.Fn exec
-functions returns, an error will have occurred.
-The return value is \-1, and the global variable
-.Va errno
-will be set to indicate the error.
-.Sh FILES
-.Bl -tag -width /bin/sh -compact
-.It Pa /bin/sh
-The shell.
-.El
-.Sh ERRORS
-.Fn Execl ,
-.Fn execle ,
-.Fn execlp
-and
-.Fn execvp
-may fail and set
-.Va errno
-for any of the errors specified for the library functions
-.Xr execve 2
-and
-.Xr malloc 3 .
-.Pp
-.Fn Exect
-and
-.Fn execv
-may fail and set
-.Va errno
-for any of the errors specified for the library function
-.Xr execve 2 .
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr sh 1 ,
-.Xr execve 2 ,
-.Xr fork 2 ,
-.Xr ktrace 2 ,
-.Xr ptrace 2 ,
-.Xr environ 7 .
-.Sh COMPATIBILITY
-Historically, the default path for the
-.Fn execlp
-and
-.Fn execvp
-functions was
-.Dq Pa :/bin:/usr/bin .
-This was changed to place the current directory last to enhance system
-security.
-.Pp
-The behavior of
-.Fn execlp
-and
-.Fn execvp
-when errors occur while attempting to execute the file is not quite historic
-practice, and has not traditionally been documented and is not specified
-by the
-.Tn POSIX
-standard.
-.Pp
-Traditionally, the functions
-.Fn execlp
-and
-.Fn execvp
-ignored all errors except for the ones described above and
-.Er ETXTBSY ,
-upon which they retried after sleeping for several seconds, and
-.Er ENOMEM
-and
-.Er E2BIG ,
-upon which they returned.
-They now return for
-.Er ETXTBSY ,
-and determine existence and executability more carefully.
-In particular, 
-.Er EACCES
-for inaccessible directories in the path prefix is no longer
-confused with
-.Er EACCES
-for files with unsuitable execute permissions.
-In
-.Bx 4.4 ,
-they returned upon all errors except
-.Er EACCES ,
-.Er ENOENT ,
-.Er ENOEXEC
-and
-.Er ETXTBSY .
-This was inferior to the traditional error handling,
-since it it breaks the ignoring of errors for path prefixes
-and only improves the handling of the unusual ambiguous error
-.Er EFAULT
-and the unusual error
-.Er EIO .
-The behaviour was changed to match the behaviour of
-.Xr sh 1 .
-.Sh STANDARDS
-.Fn Execl ,
-.Fn execv ,
-.Fn execle ,
-.Fn execlp
-and
-.Fn execvp
-conform to
-.St -p1003.1-88 .