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-.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)crypt.3	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
-.\"
-.Dd December 11, 1993
-.Dt CRYPT 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm crypt ,
-.Nm setkey ,
-.Nm encrypt ,
-.Nm des_setkey ,
-.Nm des_cipher
-.Nd DES encryption
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Fd #include <unistd.h>
-.Ft char *
-.Fn crypt "const char *key" "const char *setting"
-.Ft int
-.Fn setkey "const char *key"
-.Ft int
-.Fn encrypt "char *block" "int flag"
-.Ft int
-.Fn des_setkey "const char *key"
-.Ft int
-.Fn des_cipher "const char *in" "char *out" "long salt" "int count"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn crypt
-function
-performs password encryption.
-It is derived from the
-.Tn NBS
-Data Encryption Standard.
-Additional code has been added to deter
-key search attempts.
-The first argument to
-.Nm crypt
-is
-a
-.Dv NUL Ns -terminated
-string (normally a password typed by a user).
-The second is a character array, 9 bytes in length, consisting of an
-underscore (``_'') followed by 4 bytes of iteration count and 4 bytes
-of salt.
-Both the iteration
-.Fa count
-and the 
-.Fa salt
-are encoded with 6 bits per character, least significant bits first.
-The values 0 to 63 are encoded by the characters ``./0-9A-Za-z'',
-respectively.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa salt
-is used to induce disorder in to the
-.Tn DES
-algorithm
-in one of 16777216
-possible ways
-(specifically, if bit
-.Em i
-of the
-.Ar salt
-is set then bits
-.Em i
-and
-.Em i+24
-are swapped in the
-.Tn DES
-``E'' box output).
-The
-.Ar key
-is divided into groups of 8 characters (a short final group is null-padded)
-and the low-order 7 bits of each character (56 bits per group) are
-used to form the DES key as follows: the first group of 56 bits becomes the
-initial DES key.
-For each additional group, the XOR of the group bits and the encryption of
-the DES key with itself becomes the next DES key.
-Then the final DES key is used to perform
-.Ar count
-cumulative encryptions of a 64-bit constant.
-The value returned is a
-.Dv NUL Ns -terminated
-string, 20 bytes in length, consisting
-of the
-.Ar setting
-followed by the encoded 64-bit encryption.
-.Pp
-For compatibility with historical versions of
-.Xr crypt 3 ,
-the
-.Ar setting
-may consist of 2 bytes of salt, encoded as above, in which case an
-iteration
-.Ar count
-of 25 is used, fewer perturbations of
-.Tn DES
-are available, at most 8
-characters of
-.Ar key
-are used, and the returned value is a
-.Dv NUL Ns -terminated
-string 13 bytes in length.
-.Pp
-The
-functions,
-.Fn encrypt ,
-.Fn setkey ,
-.Fn des_setkey
-and
-.Fn des_cipher
-allow limited access to the
-.Tn DES
-algorithm itself.
-The
-.Ar key
-argument to
-.Fn setkey
-is a 64 character array of
-binary values (numeric 0 or 1).
-A 56-bit key is derived from this array by dividing the array
-into groups of 8 and ignoring the last bit in each group.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn encrypt
-argument
-.Fa block
-is also a 64 character array of
-binary values.
-If the value of
-.Fa flag
-is 0,
-the argument
-.Fa block
-is encrypted, otherwise it
-is decrypted.
-The encryption or decryption is returned in the original
-array
-.Fa block
-after using the
-key specified
-by
-.Fn setkey
-to process it.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn des_setkey
-and
-.Fn des_cipher
-functions are faster but less portable than
-.Fn setkey
-and
-.Fn encrypt .
-The argument to
-.Fn des_setkey
-is a character array of length 8.
-The
-.Em least
-significant bit in each character is ignored and the next 7 bits of each
-character are concatenated to yield a 56-bit key.
-The function
-.Fn des_cipher
-encrypts (or decrypts if
-.Fa count
-is negative) the 64-bits stored in the 8 characters at
-.Fa in
-using
-.Xr abs 3
-of
-.Fa count
-iterations of
-.Tn DES
-and stores the 64-bit result in the 8 characters at
-.Fa out .
-The
-.Fa salt
-specifies perturbations to
-.Tn DES
-as described above.
-.Pp
-The function
-.Fn crypt
-returns a pointer to the encrypted value on success and NULL on failure.
-The functions
-.Fn setkey ,
-.Fn encrypt ,
-.Fn des_setkey ,
-and
-.Fn des_cipher
-return 0 on success and 1 on failure.
-Historically, the functions
-.Fn setkey
-and
-.Fn encrypt
-did not return any value.
-They have been provided return values primarily to distinguish
-implementations where hardware support is provided but not
-available or where the DES encryption is not available due to the
-usual political silliness.
-.Pp
-Use of
-.Fn crypt
-requires linking with the
-.Nm libcrypt
-library.  The 
-.Fn setkey ,
-.Fn encrypt ,
-.Fn des_setkey
-and
-.Fn des_cipher
-can be found in the
-.Nm libcipher
-library (the standard C library,
-.Nm libc ,
-only contains stubs to these routines).
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr login 1 ,
-.Xr passwd 1 ,
-.Xr getpass 3 ,
-.Xr passwd 5
-.Rs
-.%T "Mathematical Cryptology for Computer Scientists and Mathematicians"
-.%A Wayne Patterson
-.%D 1987
-.%N ISBN 0-8476-7438-X
-.Re
-.Rs
-.%T "Password Security: A Case History"
-.%A R. Morris
-.%A Ken Thompson
-.%J "Communications of the ACM"
-.%V vol. 22
-.%P pp. 594-597
-.%D Nov. 1979
-.Re
-.Rs
-.%T "DES will be Totally Insecure within Ten Years"
-.%A M.E. Hellman
-.%J "IEEE Spectrum"
-.%V vol. 16
-.%P pp. 32-39
-.%D July 1979
-.Re
-.Sh HISTORY
-A rotor-based
-.Fn crypt
-function appeared in
-.At v6 .
-The current style
-.Fn crypt
-first appeared in
-.At v7 .
-.Sh BUGS
-Dropping the
-.Em least
-significant bit in each character of the argument to
-.Fn des_setkey
-is ridiculous.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn crypt
-function leaves its result in an internal static object and returns
-a pointer to that object.
-Subsequent calls to
-.Fn crypt
-will modify the same object.