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+//===-- ThreadSanitizer.cpp - race detector -------------------------------===//
+//
+// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file is a part of ThreadSanitizer, a race detector.
+//
+// The tool is under development, for the details about previous versions see
+// http://code.google.com/p/data-race-test
+//
+// The instrumentation phase is quite simple:
+// - Insert calls to run-time library before every memory access.
+// - Optimizations may apply to avoid instrumenting some of the accesses.
+// - Insert calls at function entry/exit.
+// The rest is handled by the run-time library.
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "tsan"
+
+#include "FunctionBlackList.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
+#include "llvm/Intrinsics.h"
+#include "llvm/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/LLVMContext.h"
+#include "llvm/Metadata.h"
+#include "llvm/Module.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/IRBuilder.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/ModuleUtils.h"
+#include "llvm/Type.h"
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+static cl::opt<std::string> ClBlackListFile("tsan-blacklist",
+ cl::desc("Blacklist file"), cl::Hidden);
+
+static cl::opt<bool> ClPrintStats("tsan-print-stats",
+ cl::desc("Print ThreadSanitizer instrumentation stats"), cl::Hidden);
+
+namespace {
+
+// Stats counters for ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
+struct ThreadSanitizerStats {
+ size_t NumInstrumentedReads;
+ size_t NumInstrumentedWrites;
+ size_t NumOmittedReadsBeforeWrite;
+ size_t NumAccessesWithBadSize;
+ size_t NumInstrumentedVtableWrites;
+ size_t NumOmittedReadsFromConstantGlobals;
+ size_t NumOmittedReadsFromVtable;
+};
+
+/// ThreadSanitizer: instrument the code in module to find races.
+struct ThreadSanitizer : public FunctionPass {
+ ThreadSanitizer();
+ bool runOnFunction(Function &F);
+ bool doInitialization(Module &M);
+ bool doFinalization(Module &M);
+ bool instrumentLoadOrStore(Instruction *I);
+ static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid.
+
+ private:
+ void choseInstructionsToInstrument(SmallVectorImpl<Instruction*> &Local,
+ SmallVectorImpl<Instruction*> &All);
+ bool addrPointsToConstantData(Value *Addr);
+
+ TargetData *TD;
+ OwningPtr<FunctionBlackList> BL;
+ // Callbacks to run-time library are computed in doInitialization.
+ Value *TsanFuncEntry;
+ Value *TsanFuncExit;
+ // Accesses sizes are powers of two: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.
+ static const size_t kNumberOfAccessSizes = 5;
+ Value *TsanRead[kNumberOfAccessSizes];
+ Value *TsanWrite[kNumberOfAccessSizes];
+ Value *TsanVptrUpdate;
+
+ // Stats are modified w/o synchronization.
+ ThreadSanitizerStats stats;
+};
+} // namespace
+
+char ThreadSanitizer::ID = 0;
+INITIALIZE_PASS(ThreadSanitizer, "tsan",
+ "ThreadSanitizer: detects data races.",
+ false, false)
+
+ThreadSanitizer::ThreadSanitizer()
+ : FunctionPass(ID),
+ TD(NULL) {
+}
+
+FunctionPass *llvm::createThreadSanitizerPass() {
+ return new ThreadSanitizer();
+}
+
+bool ThreadSanitizer::doInitialization(Module &M) {
+ TD = getAnalysisIfAvailable<TargetData>();
+ if (!TD)
+ return false;
+ BL.reset(new FunctionBlackList(ClBlackListFile));
+ memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(stats));
+
+ // Always insert a call to __tsan_init into the module's CTORs.
+ IRBuilder<> IRB(M.getContext());
+ Value *TsanInit = M.getOrInsertFunction("__tsan_init",
+ IRB.getVoidTy(), NULL);
+ appendToGlobalCtors(M, cast<Function>(TsanInit), 0);
+
+ // Initialize the callbacks.
+ TsanFuncEntry = M.getOrInsertFunction("__tsan_func_entry", IRB.getVoidTy(),
+ IRB.getInt8PtrTy(), NULL);
+ TsanFuncExit = M.getOrInsertFunction("__tsan_func_exit", IRB.getVoidTy(),
+ NULL);
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumberOfAccessSizes; ++i) {
+ SmallString<32> ReadName("__tsan_read");
+ ReadName += itostr(1 << i);
+ TsanRead[i] = M.getOrInsertFunction(ReadName, IRB.getVoidTy(),
+ IRB.getInt8PtrTy(), NULL);
+ SmallString<32> WriteName("__tsan_write");
+ WriteName += itostr(1 << i);
+ TsanWrite[i] = M.getOrInsertFunction(WriteName, IRB.getVoidTy(),
+ IRB.getInt8PtrTy(), NULL);
+ }
+ TsanVptrUpdate = M.getOrInsertFunction("__tsan_vptr_update", IRB.getVoidTy(),
+ IRB.getInt8PtrTy(), IRB.getInt8PtrTy(),
+ NULL);
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool ThreadSanitizer::doFinalization(Module &M) {
+ if (ClPrintStats) {
+ errs() << "ThreadSanitizerStats " << M.getModuleIdentifier()
+ << ": wr " << stats.NumInstrumentedWrites
+ << "; rd " << stats.NumInstrumentedReads
+ << "; vt " << stats.NumInstrumentedVtableWrites
+ << "; bs " << stats.NumAccessesWithBadSize
+ << "; rbw " << stats.NumOmittedReadsBeforeWrite
+ << "; rcg " << stats.NumOmittedReadsFromConstantGlobals
+ << "; rvt " << stats.NumOmittedReadsFromVtable
+ << "\n";
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+
+static bool isVtableAccess(Instruction *I) {
+ if (MDNode *Tag = I->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_tbaa)) {
+ if (Tag->getNumOperands() < 1) return false;
+ if (MDString *Tag1 = dyn_cast<MDString>(Tag->getOperand(0))) {
+ if (Tag1->getString() == "vtable pointer") return true;
+ }
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+bool ThreadSanitizer::addrPointsToConstantData(Value *Addr) {
+ // If this is a GEP, just analyze its pointer operand.
+ if (GetElementPtrInst *GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Addr))
+ Addr = GEP->getPointerOperand();
+
+ if (GlobalVariable *GV = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(Addr)) {
+ if (GV->isConstant()) {
+ // Reads from constant globals can not race with any writes.
+ stats.NumOmittedReadsFromConstantGlobals++;
+ return true;
+ }
+ } else if(LoadInst *L = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Addr)) {
+ if (isVtableAccess(L)) {
+ // Reads from a vtable pointer can not race with any writes.
+ stats.NumOmittedReadsFromVtable++;
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+// Instrumenting some of the accesses may be proven redundant.
+// Currently handled:
+// - read-before-write (within same BB, no calls between)
+//
+// We do not handle some of the patterns that should not survive
+// after the classic compiler optimizations.
+// E.g. two reads from the same temp should be eliminated by CSE,
+// two writes should be eliminated by DSE, etc.
+//
+// 'Local' is a vector of insns within the same BB (no calls between).
+// 'All' is a vector of insns that will be instrumented.
+void ThreadSanitizer::choseInstructionsToInstrument(
+ SmallVectorImpl<Instruction*> &Local,
+ SmallVectorImpl<Instruction*> &All) {
+ SmallSet<Value*, 8> WriteTargets;
+ // Iterate from the end.
+ for (SmallVectorImpl<Instruction*>::reverse_iterator It = Local.rbegin(),
+ E = Local.rend(); It != E; ++It) {
+ Instruction *I = *It;
+ if (StoreInst *Store = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(I)) {
+ WriteTargets.insert(Store->getPointerOperand());
+ } else {
+ LoadInst *Load = cast<LoadInst>(I);
+ Value *Addr = Load->getPointerOperand();
+ if (WriteTargets.count(Addr)) {
+ // We will write to this temp, so no reason to analyze the read.
+ stats.NumOmittedReadsBeforeWrite++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (addrPointsToConstantData(Addr)) {
+ // Addr points to some constant data -- it can not race with any writes.
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ All.push_back(I);
+ }
+ Local.clear();
+}
+
+bool ThreadSanitizer::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
+ if (!TD) return false;
+ if (BL->isIn(F)) return false;
+ SmallVector<Instruction*, 8> RetVec;
+ SmallVector<Instruction*, 8> AllLoadsAndStores;
+ SmallVector<Instruction*, 8> LocalLoadsAndStores;
+ bool Res = false;
+ bool HasCalls = false;
+
+ // Traverse all instructions, collect loads/stores/returns, check for calls.
+ for (Function::iterator FI = F.begin(), FE = F.end();
+ FI != FE; ++FI) {
+ BasicBlock &BB = *FI;
+ for (BasicBlock::iterator BI = BB.begin(), BE = BB.end();
+ BI != BE; ++BI) {
+ if (isa<LoadInst>(BI) || isa<StoreInst>(BI))
+ LocalLoadsAndStores.push_back(BI);
+ else if (isa<ReturnInst>(BI))
+ RetVec.push_back(BI);
+ else if (isa<CallInst>(BI) || isa<InvokeInst>(BI)) {
+ HasCalls = true;
+ choseInstructionsToInstrument(LocalLoadsAndStores, AllLoadsAndStores);
+ }
+ }
+ choseInstructionsToInstrument(LocalLoadsAndStores, AllLoadsAndStores);
+ }
+
+ // We have collected all loads and stores.
+ // FIXME: many of these accesses do not need to be checked for races
+ // (e.g. variables that do not escape, etc).
+
+ // Instrument memory accesses.
+ for (size_t i = 0, n = AllLoadsAndStores.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+ Res |= instrumentLoadOrStore(AllLoadsAndStores[i]);
+ }
+
+ // Instrument function entry/exit points if there were instrumented accesses.
+ if (Res || HasCalls) {
+ IRBuilder<> IRB(F.getEntryBlock().getFirstNonPHI());
+ Value *ReturnAddress = IRB.CreateCall(
+ Intrinsic::getDeclaration(F.getParent(), Intrinsic::returnaddress),
+ IRB.getInt32(0));
+ IRB.CreateCall(TsanFuncEntry, ReturnAddress);
+ for (size_t i = 0, n = RetVec.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+ IRBuilder<> IRBRet(RetVec[i]);
+ IRBRet.CreateCall(TsanFuncExit);
+ }
+ Res = true;
+ }
+ return Res;
+}
+
+bool ThreadSanitizer::instrumentLoadOrStore(Instruction *I) {
+ IRBuilder<> IRB(I);
+ bool IsWrite = isa<StoreInst>(*I);
+ Value *Addr = IsWrite
+ ? cast<StoreInst>(I)->getPointerOperand()
+ : cast<LoadInst>(I)->getPointerOperand();
+ Type *OrigPtrTy = Addr->getType();
+ Type *OrigTy = cast<PointerType>(OrigPtrTy)->getElementType();
+ assert(OrigTy->isSized());
+ uint32_t TypeSize = TD->getTypeStoreSizeInBits(OrigTy);
+ if (TypeSize != 8 && TypeSize != 16 &&
+ TypeSize != 32 && TypeSize != 64 && TypeSize != 128) {
+ stats.NumAccessesWithBadSize++;
+ // Ignore all unusual sizes.
+ return false;
+ }
+ if (IsWrite && isVtableAccess(I)) {
+ Value *StoredValue = cast<StoreInst>(I)->getValueOperand();
+ IRB.CreateCall2(TsanVptrUpdate,
+ IRB.CreatePointerCast(Addr, IRB.getInt8PtrTy()),
+ IRB.CreatePointerCast(StoredValue, IRB.getInt8PtrTy()));
+ stats.NumInstrumentedVtableWrites++;
+ return true;
+ }
+ size_t Idx = CountTrailingZeros_32(TypeSize / 8);
+ assert(Idx < kNumberOfAccessSizes);
+ Value *OnAccessFunc = IsWrite ? TsanWrite[Idx] : TsanRead[Idx];
+ IRB.CreateCall(OnAccessFunc, IRB.CreatePointerCast(Addr, IRB.getInt8PtrTy()));
+ if (IsWrite) stats.NumInstrumentedWrites++;
+ else stats.NumInstrumentedReads++;
+ return true;
+}
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