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-.\" $FreeBSD$
-.TH SORT 1 "GNU Text Utilities" "FSF" \" -*- nroff -*-
-.SH NAME
-sort \- sort lines of text files
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B sort
-[\-cmus] [\-t separator] [\-o output-file] [\-T tempdir] [\-bdfiMnr]
-[+POS1 [\-POS2]] [\-k POS1[,POS2]] [file...]
-.br
-.B sort
-{\-\-help,\-\-version}
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-This manual page
-documents the GNU version of
-.BR sort .
-.B sort
-sorts, merges, or compares all the lines from the given files, or the standard
-input if no files are given. A file name of `-' means standard input.
-By default,
-.B sort
-writes the results to the standard output.
-.PP
-.B sort
-has three modes of operation: sort (the default), merge, and check for
-sortedness. The following options change the operation mode:
-.TP
-.I \-c
-Check whether the given files are already sorted: if they are not all
-sorted, print an error message and exit with a status of 1.
-.TP
-.I \-m
-Merge the given files by sorting them as a group. Each input file
-should already be individually sorted. It always works to sort
-instead of merge; merging is provided because it is faster, in the
-case where it works.
-.PP
-A pair of lines is compared as follows:
-if any key fields have been specified,
-.B sort
-compares each pair of fields, in the order specified on the command
-line, according to the associated ordering options, until a difference
-is found or no fields are left.
-.PP
-If any of the global options
-.I Mbdfinr
-are given but no key fields are
-specified,
-.B sort
-compares the entire lines according to the global options.
-.PP
-Finally, as a last resort when all keys compare equal
-(or if no ordering options were specified at all),
-.B sort
-compares the lines byte by byte in machine collating sequence.
-The last resort comparison honors the
-.I -r
-global option.
-The
-.I \-s
-(stable) option disables this last-resort comparison so that
-lines in which all fields compare equal are left in their original
-relative order. If no fields or global options are specified,
-.I \-s
-has no effect.
-.PP
-GNU
-.B sort
-has no limits on input line length or restrictions on bytes allowed
-within lines. In addition, if the final byte of an input file is not
-a newline, GNU
-.B sort
-silently supplies one.
-.PP
-If the environment variable
-.B TMPDIR
-is set,
-.B sort
-uses it as the directory in which to put temporary files instead of
-the default, /tmp. The
-.I "\-T tempdir"
-option is another way to select the directory for temporary files; it
-overrides the environment variable.
-.PP
-The following options affect the ordering of output lines. They may
-be specified globally or as part of a specific key field. If no key
-fields are specified, global options apply to comparison of entire
-lines; otherwise the global options are inherited by key fields that
-do not specify any special options of their own.
-.TP
-.I \-b
-Ignore leading blanks when finding sort keys in each line.
-.TP
-.I \-d
-Sort in `phone directory' order: ignore all characters except letters,
-digits and blanks when sorting.
-.TP
-.I \-f
-Fold lower case characters into the equivalent upper case characters
-when sorting so that, for example, `b' is sorted the same way `B' is.
-.TP
-.I \-i
-Ignore characters outside the ASCII range 040-0176 octal (inclusive)
-when sorting.
-.TP
-.I \-M
-An initial string, consisting of any amount of white space, followed
-by three letters abbreviating a month name, is folded to UPPER case
-and compared in the order `JAN' < `FEB' < ... < `DEC.' Invalid names
-compare low to valid names.
-.TP
-.I \-n
-Compare according to arithmetic value an initial numeric string
-consisting of optional white space, an optional \- sign, and zero or
-more digits, optionally followed by a decimal point and zero or more
-digits.
-.TP
-.I \-r
-Reverse the result of comparison, so that lines with greater key
-values appear earlier in the output instead of later.
-.PP
-Other options are:
-.TP
-.I "\-o output-file"
-Write output to
-.I output-file
-instead of to the standard output. If
-.I output-file
-is one of the input files,
-.B sort
-copies it to a temporary file before sorting and writing the output to
-.IR output-file .
-.TP
-.I "\-t separator"
-Use character
-.I separator
-as the field separator when finding the sort keys in each line. By
-default, fields are separated by the empty string between a
-non-whitespace character and a whitespace character. That is to say,
-given the input line ` foo bar',
-.B sort
-breaks it into fields ` foo' and ` bar'. The field separator is not
-considered to be part of either the field preceding or the field
-following it.
-.TP
-.I \-u
-For the default case or the
-.I \-m
-option, only output the first of a sequence of lines that compare
-equal. For the
-.I \-c
-option, check that no pair of consecutive lines compares equal.
-.TP
-.I "+POS1 [\-POS2]"
-Specify a field within each line to use as a sorting key. The field
-consists of the portion of the line starting at POS1 and up to (but
-not including) POS2 (or to the end of the line if POS2 is not given).
-The fields and character positions are numbered starting with 0.
-.TP
-.I "\-k POS1[,POS2]"
-An alternate syntax for specifying sorting keys.
-The fields and character positions are numbered starting with 1.
-.PP
-A position has the form \fIf\fP.\fIc\fP, where \fIf\fP is the number
-of the field to use and \fIc\fP is the number of the first character
-from the beginning of the field (for \fI+pos\fP) or from the end of
-the previous field (for \fI\-pos\fP). The .\fIc\fP part of a position
-may be omitted in which case it is taken to be the first character in
-the field. If the
-.I \-b
-option has been given, the .\fIc\fP part of a field specification is
-counted from the first nonblank character of the field (for
-\fI+pos\fP) or from the first nonblank character following the
-previous field (for \fI\-pos\fP).
-.PP
-A \fI+pos\fP or \fI-pos\fP argument may also have any of the option
-letters
-.I Mbdfinr
-appended to it, in which case the global ordering options are not used
-for that particular field. The
-.I \-b
-option may be independently attached to either or both of the
-\fI+pos\fP and \fI\-pos\fP parts of a field specification, and if it
-is inherited from the global options it will be attached to both.
-If a
-.I \-n
-or
-.I \-M
-option is used, thus implying a
-.I \-b
-option, the
-.I \-b
-option is taken to apply to both the \fI+pos\fP and the \fI\-pos\fP
-parts of a key specification. Keys may span multiple fields.
-.PP
-In addition, when GNU
-.B sort
-is invoked with exactly one argument, the following options are recognized:
-.TP
-.I "\-\-help"
-Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
-.TP
-.I "\-\-version"
-Print version information on standard output then exit successfully.
-.SH COMPATIBILITY
-Historical (BSD and System V) implementations of
-.B sort
-have differed in their interpretation of some options,
-particularly
-.IR \-b ,
-.IR \-f ,
-and
-.IR \-n .
-GNU sort follows the POSIX behavior, which is
-usually (but not always!) like the System V behavior.
-According to POSIX
-.I \-n
-no longer implies
-.IR \-b .
-For consistency,
-.I \-M
-has been changed in the same way.
-This may affect the meaning of character positions in field
-specifications in obscure cases.
-If this bites you the fix is to add an explicit
-.IR \-b .
-.SH BUGS
-The different meaning of field numbers depending
-on whether
-.I -k
-is used is confusing.
-It's all POSIX's fault!
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