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-.TH CPIO 1L \" -*- nroff -*-
-.SH NAME
-cpio \- copy files to and from archives
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B cpio
-{\-o|\-\-create} [\-0acvABLV] [\-C bytes] [\-H format] [\-M message]
-[\-O [[user@]host:]archive] [\-F [[user@]host:]archive]
-[\-\-file=[[user@]host:]archive] [\-\-format=format] [\-\-message=message]
-[\-\-null] [\-\-reset-access-time] [\-\-verbose] [\-\-dot] [\-\-append]
-[\-\-block-size=blocks] [\-\-dereference] [\-\-io-size=bytes]
-[\-\-help] [\-\-version] < name-list [> archive]
-
-.B cpio
-{\-i|\-\-extract} [\-bcdfmnrtsuvBSV] [\-C bytes] [\-E file] [\-H format]
-[\-M message] [\-R [user][:.][group]] [\-I [[user@]host:]archive]
-[\-F [[user@]host:]archive] [\-\-file=[[user@]host:]archive]
-[\-\-make-directories] [\-\-nonmatching] [\-\-preserve-modification-time]
-[\-\-numeric-uid-gid] [\-\-rename] [\-\-list] [\-\-swap-bytes] [\-\-swap] [\-\-dot]
-[\-\-unconditional] [\-\-verbose] [\-\-block-size=blocks] [\-\-swap-halfwords]
-[\-\-io-size=bytes] [\-\-pattern-file=file] [\-\-format=format]
-[\-\-owner=[user][:.][group]] [\-\-no-preserve-owner] [\-\-message=message]
-[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [pattern...] [< archive]
-
-.B cpio
-{\-p|\-\-pass-through} [\-0adlmuvLV] [\-R [user][:.][group]]
-[\-\-null] [\-\-reset-access-time] [\-\-make-directories] [\-\-link]
-[\-\-preserve-modification-time] [\-\-unconditional] [\-\-verbose] [\-\-dot]
-[\-\-dereference] [\-\-owner=[user][:.][group]] [\-\-no-preserve-owner]
-[\-\-help] [\-\-version] destination-directory < name-list
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-This manual page
-documents the GNU version of
-.BR cpio .
-.B cpio
-copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive, which is a file that
-contains other files plus information about them, such as their
-pathname, owner, timestamps, and access permissions. The archive can
-be another file on the disk, a magnetic tape, or a pipe.
-.B cpio
-has three operating modes.
-.PP
-In copy-out mode,
-.B cpio
-copies files into an archive. It reads a list of filenames, one per
-line, on the standard input, and writes the archive onto the standard
-output. A typical way to generate the list of filenames is with the
-.B find
-command; you should give
-.B find
-the \-d option to minimize problems with permissions on
-directories that are unwritable or not searchable.
-.PP
-In copy-in mode,
-.B cpio
-copies files out of an archive or lists the archive contents. It
-reads the archive from the standard input. Any non-option command
-line arguments are shell globbing patterns; only files in the archive
-whose names match one or more of those patterns are copied from the
-archive. Unlike in the shell, an initial `.' in a filename does
-match a wildcard at the start of a pattern, and a `/' in a filename
-can match wildcards. If no patterns are given, all files are
-extracted.
-.PP
-In copy-pass mode,
-.B cpio
-copies files from one directory tree to another, combining the
-copy-out and copy-in steps without actually using an archive.
-It reads the list of files to copy from the standard input; the
-directory into which it will copy them is given as a non-option
-argument.
-.PP
-.B cpio
-supports the following archive formats: binary, old ASCII, new
-ASCII, crc, HPUX binary, HPUX old ASCII, old tar, and POSIX.1 tar.
-The binary format
-is obsolete because it encodes information about the files in a way
-that is not portable between different machine architectures.
-The old ASCII format is portable between different machine architectures,
-but should not be used on file systems with more than 65536 i-nodes.
-The new ASCII format is portable between different machine architectures
-and can be used on any size file system, but is not supported by all
-versions of
-.BR cpio ;
-currently, it is only supported by GNU and Unix System V R4.
-The crc format is
-like the new ASCII format, but also contains a checksum for each file
-which
-.B cpio
-calculates when creating an archive
-and verifies when the file is extracted from the archive.
-The HPUX formats are provided for compatibility with HPUX's cpio which
-stores device files differently.
-.PP
-The tar format is provided for compatibility with
-the
-.B tar
-program. It can not be used to archive files with names
-longer than 100 characters, and can not be used to archive "special"
-(block or character devices) files.
-The POSIX.1 tar format can not be used to archive files with names longer
-than 255 characters (less unless they have a "/" in just the right place).
-.PP
-By default,
-.B cpio
-creates binary format archives, for compatibility with
-older
-.B cpio
-programs.
-When extracting from archives,
-.B cpio
-automatically recognizes which kind of archive it is reading and can
-read archives created on machines with a different byte-order.
-.PP
-Some of the options to
-.B cpio
-apply only to certain operating modes; see the SYNOPSIS section for a
-list of which options are allowed in which modes.
-.SS OPTIONS
-.TP
-.I "\-0, \-\-null"
-In copy-out and copy-pass modes, read a list of filenames terminated
-by a null character instead of a newline, so that files whose names
-contain newlines can be archived. GNU
-.B find
-is one way to produce a list of null-terminated filenames.
-.TP
-.I "\-a, \-\-reset-access-time"
-Reset the access times of files after reading them, so that it does
-not look like they have just been read.
-.TP
-.I "\-A, \-\-append"
-Append to an existing archive. Only works in copy-out mode. The
-archive must be a disk file specified with the
-.I \-O
-or
-.I "\-F (\-\-file)"
-option.
-.TP
-.I "\-b, \-\-swap"
-In copy-in mode, swap both halfwords of words and bytes of halfwords
-in the data. Equivalent to
-.IR "\-sS" .
-Use this option to convert 32-bit integers between big-endian and
-little-endian machines.
-.TP
-.I "\-B"
-Set the I/O block size to 5120 bytes. Initially the block size is 512
-bytes.
-.TP
-.I "\-\-block-size=BLOCK-SIZE"
-Set the I/O block size to BLOCK-SIZE * 512 bytes.
-.TP
-.I "\-c"
-Use the old portable (ASCII) archive format.
-.TP
-.I "\-C IO-SIZE, \-\-io-size=IO-SIZE"
-Set the I/O block size to IO-SIZE bytes.
-.TP
-.I "\-d, \-\-make-directories"
-Create leading directories where needed.
-.TP
-.I "\-E FILE, \-\-pattern-file=FILE"
-In copy-in mode, read additional patterns specifying filenames to
-extract or list from FILE. The lines of FILE are treated as if they
-had been non-option arguments to
-.BR cpio .
-.TP
-.I "\-f, \-\-nonmatching"
-Only copy files that do not match any of the given patterns.
-.TP
-.I "\-F, \-\-file=archive"
-Archive filename to use instead of standard input or output. To use a
-tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that
-starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a
-username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if
-you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's
-`~/.rhosts' file).
-.TP
-.I "\-\-force-local"
-With
-.IR \-F ,
-.IR \-I ,
-or
-.IR \-O ,
-take the archive file name to be a local file even if it contains a
-colon, which would ordinarily indicate a remote host name.
-.TP
-.I "\-H FORMAT, \-\-format=FORMAT"
-Use archive format FORMAT. The valid formats are listed below;
-the same names are also recognized in all-caps. The default in
-copy-in mode is to automatically detect the archive format, and in
-copy-out mode is "bin".
-.RS
-.IP bin
-The obsolete binary format.
-.IP odc
-The old (POSIX.1) portable format.
-.IP newc
-The new (SVR4) portable format, which supports file systems having
-more than 65536 i-nodes.
-.IP crc
-The new (SVR4) portable format with a checksum added.
-.IP tar
-The old tar format.
-.IP ustar
-The POSIX.1 tar format. Also recognizes GNU
-.B tar
-archives, which are similar but not identical.
-.IP hpbin
-The obsolete binary format used by HPUX's cpio (which stores device files
-differently).
-.IP hpodc
-The portable format used by HPUX's cpio (which stores device files differently).
-.RE
-.TP
-.I "\-i, \-\-extract"
-Run in copy-in mode.
-.TP
-.I "\-I archive"
-Archive filename to use instead of standard input. To use a
-tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that
-starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a
-username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if
-you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's
-`~/.rhosts' file).
-.TP
-.I \-k
-Ignored; for compatibility with other versions of
-.BR cpio .
-.TP
-.I "\-l, \-\-link"
-Link files instead of copying them, when possible (usable only with the
-.I \-p
-option).
-.TP
-.I "\-L, \-\-dereference"
-Dereference symbolic links (copy the files that they point to instead
-of copying the links).
-.TP
-.I "\-m, \-\-preserve-modification-time"
-Retain previous file modification times when creating files.
-.TP
-.I "\-M MESSAGE, \-\-message=MESSAGE"
-Print MESSAGE when the end of a volume of the backup media (such as a
-tape or a floppy disk) is reached, to prompt the user to insert a new
-volume. If MESSAGE contains the string "%d", it is replaced by the
-current volume number (starting at 1).
-.TP
-.I "\-n, \-\-numeric-uid-gid"
-In the verbose table of contents listing, show numeric UID and GID
-instead of translating them into names.
-.TP
-.I " \-\-no-preserve-owner"
-In copy-in mode and copy-pass mode, do not change the ownership of the
-files; leave them owned by the user extracting them. This is the
-default for non-root users, so that users on System V don't
-inadvertantly give away files.
-.TP
-.I "\-o, \-\-create"
-Run in copy-out mode.
-.TP
-.I "\-O archive"
-Archive filename to use instead of standard output. To use a
-tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that
-starts with `HOSTNAME:'. The hostname can be preceded by a
-username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if
-you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's
-`~/.rhosts' file).
-.TP
-.I "\-p, \-\-pass-through"
-Run in copy-pass mode.
-.TP
-.I "\-r, \-\-rename"
-Interactively rename files.
-.TP
-.I "\-R [user][:.][group], \-\-owner [user][:.][group]"
-In copy-out and copy-pass modes, set the ownership of all files
-created to the specified user and/or group. Either the user or the
-group, or both, must be present. If the group is omitted but the ":"
-or "." separator is given, use the given user's login group. Only the
-super-user can change files' ownership.
-.TP
-.I "\-s, \-\-swap-bytes"
-In copy-in mode, swap the bytes of each halfword (pair of bytes) in
-the files.
-.TP
-.I "\-S, \-\-swap-halfwords"
-In copy-in mode, swap the halfwords of each word (4 bytes) in the
-files.
-.TP
-.I "\-t, \-\-list"
-Print a table of contents of the input.
-.TP
-.I "\-u, \-\-unconditional"
-Replace all files, without asking whether to replace existing newer
-files with older files.
-.TP
-.I "\-v, \-\-verbose"
-List the files processed, or with
-.IR \-t ,
-give an `ls \-l' style table of contents listing. In a verbose table
-of contents of a ustar archive, user and group names in the archive
-that do not exist on the local system are replaced by the names that
-correspond locally to the numeric UID and GID stored in the archive.
-.TP
-.I "\-V \-\-dot"
-Print a "." for each file processed.
-.TP
-.I "\-\-version"
-Print the
-.B cpio
-program version number and exit.
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