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-.\"	$NetBSD: ftpd.8,v 1.7 1995/04/11 02:44:53 cgd Exp $
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1988, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)ftpd.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
-.\"
-.Dd April 19, 1997
-.Dt FTPD 8
-.Os BSD 4.2
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm ftpd
-.Nd Internet File Transfer Protocol server
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm ftpd
-.Op Fl a Ar authmode
-.Op Fl dilv
-.Op Fl g Ar umask
-.Op Fl p Ar port 
-.Op Fl T Ar maxtimeout
-.Op Fl t Ar timeout
-.Op Fl u Ar default umask
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm Ftpd
-is the
-Internet File Transfer Protocol
-server process.  The server uses the
-.Tn TCP
-protocol
-and listens at the port specified in the
-.Dq ftp
-service specification; see
-.Xr services 5 .
-.Pp
-Available options:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fl a
-Select the level of authentication required.  Kerberised login can not
-be turned off. The default is to only allow kerberised login.  Other
-possibilities can be turned on by giving a string of comma separated
-flags as argument to
-.Fl a .
-Recognised flags are:
-.Bl -tag -width plain
-.It Ar plain
-Allow logging in with plaintext password. The password can be a(n) OTP
-or an ordinary password.
-.It Ar otp
-Same as
-.Ar plain ,
-but only OTP is allowed.
-.It Ar ftp
-Allow anonymous login.
-.El
-.Pp
-The following combination modes exists for backwards compatibility:
-.Bl -tag -width plain
-.It Ar none
-Same as
-.Ar plain,ftp .
-.It Ar safe
-Same as 
-.Ar ftp .
-.It Ar user
-Ignored.
-.El
-.It Fl d
-Debugging information is written to the syslog using LOG_FTP.
-.It Fl g
-Anonymous users will get a umask of
-.Ar umask .
-.It Fl i
-Open a socket and wait for a connection. This is mainly used for
-debugging when ftpd isn't started by inetd.
-.It Fl l
-Each successful and failed 
-.Xr ftp 1
-session is logged using syslog with a facility of LOG_FTP.
-If this option is specified twice, the retrieve (get), store (put), append,
-delete, make directory, remove directory and rename operations and
-their filename arguments are also logged.
-.It Fl p
-Use
-.Ar port
-(a service name or number) instead of the default 
-.Ar ftp/tcp .
-.It Fl T
-A client may also request a different timeout period;
-the maximum period allowed may be set to
-.Ar timeout
-seconds with the
-.Fl T
-option.
-The default limit is 2 hours.
-.It Fl t
-The inactivity timeout period is set to
-.Ar timeout
-seconds (the default is 15 minutes).
-.It Fl u
-Set the initial umask to something else than the default 027.
-.It Fl v
-Verbose mode.
-.El
-.Pp
-The file
-.Pa /etc/nologin
-can be used to disable ftp access.
-If the file exists,
-.Nm
-displays it and exits.
-If the file
-.Pa /etc/ftpwelcome
-exists,
-.Nm
-prints it before issuing the 
-.Dq ready
-message.
-If the file
-.Pa /etc/motd
-exists,
-.Nm
-prints it after a successful login.
-.Pp
-The ftp server currently supports the following ftp requests.
-The case of the requests is ignored.
-.Bl -column "Request" -offset indent
-.It Request Ta "Description"
-.It ABOR Ta "abort previous command"
-.It ACCT Ta "specify account (ignored)"
-.It ALLO Ta "allocate storage (vacuously)"
-.It APPE Ta "append to a file"
-.It CDUP Ta "change to parent of current working directory"
-.It CWD Ta "change working directory"
-.It DELE Ta "delete a file"
-.It HELP Ta "give help information"
-.It LIST Ta "give list files in a directory" Pq Dq Li "ls -lgA"
-.It MKD Ta "make a directory"
-.It MDTM Ta "show last modification time of file"
-.It MODE Ta "specify data transfer" Em mode
-.It NLST Ta "give name list of files in directory"
-.It NOOP Ta "do nothing"
-.It PASS Ta "specify password"
-.It PASV Ta "prepare for server-to-server transfer"
-.It PORT Ta "specify data connection port"
-.It PWD Ta "print the current working directory"
-.It QUIT Ta "terminate session"
-.It REST Ta "restart incomplete transfer"
-.It RETR Ta "retrieve a file"
-.It RMD Ta "remove a directory"
-.It RNFR Ta "specify rename-from file name"
-.It RNTO Ta "specify rename-to file name"
-.It SITE Ta "non-standard commands (see next section)"
-.It SIZE Ta "return size of file"
-.It STAT Ta "return status of server"
-.It STOR Ta "store a file"
-.It STOU Ta "store a file with a unique name"
-.It STRU Ta "specify data transfer" Em structure
-.It SYST Ta "show operating system type of server system"
-.It TYPE Ta "specify data transfer" Em type
-.It USER Ta "specify user name"
-.It XCUP Ta "change to parent of current working directory (deprecated)"
-.It XCWD Ta "change working directory (deprecated)"
-.It XMKD Ta "make a directory (deprecated)"
-.It XPWD Ta "print the current working directory (deprecated)"
-.It XRMD Ta "remove a directory (deprecated)"
-.El
-.Pp
-The following commands are specified by RFC2228.
-.Bl -column Request -offset indent
-.It AUTH Ta "authentication/security mechanism"
-.It ADAT Ta "authentication/security data"
-.It PROT Ta "data channel protection level"
-.It PBSZ Ta "protection buffer size"
-.It MIC Ta "integrity protected command"
-.It CONF Ta "confidentiality protected command"
-.It ENC Ta "privacy protected command"
-.It CCC Ta "clear command channel"
-.El
-.Pp
-The following non-standard or
-.Tn UNIX
-specific commands are supported
-by the
-SITE request.
-.Pp
-.Bl -column Request -offset indent
-.It UMASK Ta change umask, (e.g. 
-.Ic "SITE UMASK 002" )
-.It IDLE Ta set idle-timer, (e.g. 
-.Ic "SITE IDLE 60" )
-.It CHMOD Ta change mode of a file (e.g. 
-.Ic "SITE CHMOD 755 filename" )
-.It FIND Ta quickly find a specific file with GNU 
-.Xr locate 1 .
-.It HELP Ta give help information.
-.El
-.Pp
-The following Kerberos related site commands are understood.
-.Bl -column Request -offset indent
-.It KAUTH Ta obtain remote tickets.
-.It KLIST Ta show remote tickets
-.El
-.Pp
-The remaining ftp requests specified in Internet RFC 959
-are
-recognized, but not implemented.
-MDTM and SIZE are not specified in RFC 959, but will appear in the
-next updated FTP RFC.
-.Pp
-The ftp server will abort an active file transfer only when the
-ABOR
-command is preceded by a Telnet "Interrupt Process" (IP)
-signal and a Telnet "Synch" signal in the command Telnet stream,
-as described in Internet RFC 959.
-If a
-STAT
-command is received during a data transfer, preceded by a Telnet IP
-and Synch, transfer status will be returned.
-.Pp
-.Nm Ftpd
-interprets file names according to the
-.Dq globbing
-conventions used by
-.Xr csh 1 .
-This allows users to utilize the metacharacters
-.Dq Li \&*?[]{}~ .
-.Pp
-.Nm Ftpd
-authenticates users according to these rules. 
-.Pp
-.Bl -enum -offset indent
-.It
-If Kerberos authentication is used, the user must pass valid tickets
-and the principal must be allowed to login as the remote user.
-.It
-The login name must be in the password data base, and not have a null
-password (if kerberos is used the password field is not checked).  In
-this case a password must be provided by the client before any file
-operations may be performed.  If the user has an OTP key, the response
-from a successful USER command will include an OTP challenge. The
-client may choose to respond with a PASS command giving either a
-standard password or an OTP one-time password. The server will
-automatically determine which type of password it has been given and
-attempt to authenticate accordingly. See
-.Xr otp 1
-for more information on OTP authentication.
-.It
-The login name must not appear in the file
-.Pa /etc/ftpusers .
-.It
-The user must have a standard shell returned by 
-.Xr getusershell 3 .
-.It
-If the user name appears in the file
-.Pa /etc/ftpchroot
-the session's root will be changed to the user's login directory by
-.Xr chroot 2
-as for an
-.Dq anonymous
-or
-.Dq ftp
-account (see next item).  However, the user must still supply a password.
-This feature is intended as a compromise between a fully anonymous account 
-and a fully privileged account.  The account should also be set up as for an
-anonymous account.
-.It
-If the user name is
-.Dq anonymous
-or
-.Dq ftp ,
-an
-anonymous ftp account must be present in the password
-file (user
-.Dq ftp ) .
-In this case the user is allowed
-to log in by specifying any password (by convention an email address for
-the user should be used as the password).
-.El
-.Pp
-In the last case, 
-.Nm ftpd
-takes special measures to restrict the client's access privileges.
-The server performs a 
-.Xr chroot 2
-to the home directory of the
-.Dq ftp
-user.
-In order that system security is not breached, it is recommended
-that the
-.Dq ftp
-subtree be constructed with care, consider following these guidelines
-for anonymous ftp.
-.Pp
-In general all files should be owned by
-.Dq root ,
-and have non-write permissions (644 or 755 depending on the kind of
-file). No files should be owned or writable by
-.Dq ftp
-(possibly with exception for the
-.Pa ~ftp/incoming ,
-as specified below).
-.Bl -tag -width "~ftp/pub" -offset indent
-.It Pa ~ftp
-The 
-.Dq ftp
-homedirectory should be owned by root.
-.It Pa ~ftp/bin
-The directory for external programs (such as 
-.Xr ls 1 ) .
-These programs must either be statically linked, or you must setup an
-environment for dynamic linking when running chrooted.  
-These programs will be used if present:
-.Bl -tag -width "locate" -offset indent
-.It ls
-Used when listing files.
-.It compress
-When retrieving a filename that ends in
-.Pa .Z ,
-and that file isn't present,
-.Nm
-will try to find the filename without
-.Pa .Z
-and compress it on the fly.
-.It gzip
-Same as compress, just with files ending in
-.Pa .gz .
-.It gtar
-Enables retrieval of whole directories as files ending in
-.Pa .tar .
-Can also be combined with compression. You must use GNU Tar (or some
-other that supports the
-.Fl z 
-and
-.Fl Z
-flags).
-.It locate
-Will enable ``fast find'' with the 
-.Ic SITE FIND
-command. You must also create a 
-.Pa locatedb
-file in 
-.Pa ~ftp/etc .
-.El
-.It Pa ~ftp/etc
-If you put copies of the
-.Xr passwd 5
-and 
-.Xr group 5
-files here, ls will be able to produce owner names rather than
-numbers. Remember to remove any passwords from these files.  
-.Pp
-The file
-.Pa motd ,
-if present, will be printed after a successful login.
-.It Pa ~ftp/dev 
-Put a copy of
-.Xr /dev/null 7
-here.
-.It Pa ~ftp/pub
-Traditional place to put whatever you want to make public.
-.El
-.Pp
-If you want guests to be able to upload files, create a
-.Pa ~ftp/incoming
-directory owned by 
-.Dq root ,
-and group
-.Dq ftp
-with mode 730 (make sure 
-.Dq ftp 
-is member of group
-.Dq ftp ) .
-The following restrictions apply to anonymous users:
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-Directories created will have mode 700.
-.It
-Uploaded files will be created with an umask of 777, if not changed
-with the
-.Fl g
-option.
-.It
-These command are not accessible: 
-.Ic DELE , RMD , RNTO , RNFR , 
-.Ic SITE UMASK ,
-and
-.Ic SITE CHMOD .
-.It
-Filenames must start with an alpha-numeric character, and consist of
-alpha-numeric characters or any of the following: 
-.Li \&+  
-(plus),
-.Li \&-  
-(minus),
-.Li \&=  
-(equal),
-.Li \&_  
-(underscore),
-.Li \&.  
-(period), and
-.Li \&,  
-(comma).
-.El
-.Sh FILES
-.Bl -tag -width /etc/ftpwelcome -compact
-.It Pa /etc/ftpusers
-Access list for users.
-.It Pa /etc/ftpchroot
-List of normal users who should be chroot'd.
-.It Pa /etc/ftpwelcome
-Welcome notice.
-.It Pa /etc/motd
-Welcome notice after login.
-.It Pa /etc/nologin
-Displayed and access refused.
-.It Pa ~/.klogin
-Login access for Kerberos.
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr ftp 1 ,
-.Xr otp 1 ,
-.Xr getusershell 3 ,
-.Xr ftpusers 5 ,
-.Xr syslogd 8 ,
-.Sh STANDARDS
-.Bl -tag -compact -width "RFC 1938"
-.It Cm RFC 959
-FTP PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION
-.It Cm RFC 1938
-OTP Specification
-.It Cm RFC 2228
-FTP Security Extensions.
-.El
-.Sh BUGS
-The server must run as the super-user
-to create sockets with privileged port numbers.  It maintains
-an effective user id of the logged in user, reverting to
-the super-user only when binding addresses to sockets.  The
-possible security holes have been extensively
-scrutinized, but are possibly incomplete.
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Nm
-command appeared in
-.Bx 4.2 .