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-.\" $tcsh: eight-bit.me,v 3.2 2006/03/02 18:46:44 christos Exp $
-How to use 8 bit characters
-by
-Johan Widen
-(jw@sics.se)
-and
-Per Hedeland
-(per@erix.ericsson.se)
-
-.pp
-(Disclaimer: This is really a sketch of an approach rather
-than a "how-to" document.
-Also, it is mostly relevant to Swedish X Window users...)
-
-.pp
-The way I use this facility at present is to add lines such as the following
-to my .cshrc:
-
-.nf
-setenv NOREBIND
-setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1
-foreach key ( \\\\304 \\\\305 \\\\326 \\\\344 \\\\345 \\\\366 )
- bindkey $key self-insert-command
-end
-.fi
-
-.pp
-Note that if I used a system with a reasonably complete NLS
-(and a tcsh compiled to use it),
-all of the above could be replaced with simply setting the LANG environment
-variable to an appropriate value - the NLS would then indicate exactly which
-characters should be considered printable, and tcsh would do the rebinding
-of these automatically. The above works for tcsh's simulated NLS and for
-the NLS in SunOS 4.1 - without the NOREBIND setting, all of the
-Meta-<non-control-character> bindings would be undone in these cases.
-
-.pp
-These keybindings are the codes for my national characters, but the bindings
-(M-d, M-e etc) are not conveniently placed.
-They are however consistent with what other programs will see.
-
-.pp
-Now: I actually want the character \\304 to be inserted when I press say '{'
-together with a modifier key. I want the behavior to be the same not only
-in tcsh but in say cat, an editor and all other programs. I fix this by
-performing a keyboard remapping with the
-.i xmodmap
-program (I use X Windows).
-
-.pp
-I give xmodmap an input something like the following:
-
-.nf
-keycode 26 = Mode_switch
-add mod2 = Mode_switch
-! if you want Mode_switch to toggle, at the expense of losing
-! Caps- or whatever Lock you currently have, add the two lines below
-! clear Lock
-! add Lock = Mode_switch
-! Binds swedish characters on ][\\
-!
-keycode 71 = bracketleft braceleft adiaeresis Adiaeresis
-keycode 72 = bracketright braceright aring Aring
-keycode 95 = backslash bar odiaeresis Odiaeresis
-.fi
-
-or:
-
-.nf
-keysym Alt_R = Mode_switch
-add mod2 = Mode_switch
-keysym bracketleft = bracketleft braceleft Adiaeresis adiaeresis
-keysym bracketright = bracketright braceright Aring aring
-keysym backslash = backslash bar Odiaeresis odiaeresis
-.fi
-
-Another, more portable way of doing the same thing is:
-
-.nf
-#!/bin/sh
-# Make Alt-] etc produce the "appropriate" Swedish iso8859/1 keysym values
-# Should handle fairly strange initial mappings
-
-xmodmap -pk | sed -e 's/[()]//g' | \\
-awk 'BEGIN {
- alt["bracketright"] = "Aring"; alt["braceright"] = "aring";
- alt["bracketleft"] = "Adiaeresis"; alt["braceleft"] = "adiaeresis";
- alt["backslash"] = "Odiaeresis"; alt["bar"] = "odiaeresis";
-}
-NF >= 5 && (alt[$3] != "" || alt[$5] != "") {
- printf "keycode %s = %s %s ", $1, $3, $5;
- if (alt[$3] != "") printf "%s ", alt[$3];
- else printf "%s ", $3;
- printf "%s\\n", alt[$5];
- next;
-}
-alt[$3] != "" {
- printf "keycode %s = %s %s %s\\n", $1, $3, $3, alt[$3];
-}
-NF >= 5 && ($3 ~ /^Alt_[LR]$/ || $5 ~ /^Alt_[LR]$/) {
- printf "keycode %s = %s %s Mode_switch\\n", $1, $3, $5;
- if ($3 ~ /^Alt_[LR]$/) altkeys = altkeys " " $3;
- else altkeys = altkeys " " $5;
- next;
-}
-$3 ~ /^Alt_[LR]$/ {
- printf "keycode %s = %s %s Mode_switch\\n", $1, $3, $3;
- altkeys = altkeys " " $3;
-}
-END {
- if (altkeys != "") printf "clear mod2\\nadd mod2 =%s\\n", altkeys;
-}' | xmodmap -
-.fi
-
-.pp
-Finally, with the binding of the codes of my national characters to
-self-insert-command, I lost the ability to use the Meta key to call the
-functions previously bound to M-d, M-e, and M-v (<esc>d etc still works).
-However, with the assumption that
-most of my input to tcsh will be through the
-.i xterm
-terminal emulator, I can get that ability back via xterm bindings!
-Since M-d is the only one of the "lost" key combinations that was
-actually bound to a function in my case,
-and it had the same binding as M-D, I can use the following in
-my .Xdefaults file:
-
-.nf
-XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \\n\\
- Meta ~Ctrl<Key>d: string(0x1b) string(d)
-.fi
-
-- or, if I really want a complete mapping:
-
-.nf
-XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \\n\\
- :Meta ~Ctrl<Key>d: string(0x1b) string(d) \\n\\
- :Meta ~Ctrl<Key>D: string(0x1b) string(D) \\n\\
- :Meta ~Ctrl<Key>e: string(0x1b) string(e) \\n\\
- :Meta ~Ctrl<Key>E: string(0x1b) string(E) \\n\\
- :Meta ~Ctrl<Key>v: string(0x1b) string(v) \\n\\
- :Meta ~Ctrl<Key>V: string(0x1b) string(V)
-.fi
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