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+'\"
+'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
+'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+'\"
+'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
+'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
+'\" 
+'\" SCCS: @(#) open.n 1.11 96/02/15 20:02:25
+'\" 
+.so man.macros
+.TH open n 7.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
+.BS
+'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
+.SH NAME
+open \- Open a file-based or command pipeline channel
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.sp
+\fBopen \fIfileName\fR
+.br
+\fBopen \fIfileName access\fR
+.br
+\fBopen \fIfileName access permissions\fR
+.BE
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+This command opens a file or command pipeline and returns a channel
+identifier that may be used in future invocations of commands like
+\fBread\fR, \fBputs\fR, and \fBclose\fR.
+If the first character of \fIfileName\fR is not \fB|\fR then
+the command opens a file:
+\fIfileName\fR gives the name of the file to open, and it must conform to the
+conventions described in the \fBfilename\fR manual entry.
+.PP
+The \fIaccess\fR argument, if present, indicates the way in which the file
+(or command pipeline) is to be accessed.
+In the first form \fIaccess\fR may have any of the following values:
+.TP 15
+\fBr\fR
+Open the file for reading only; the file must already exist. This is the
+default value if \fIaccess\fR is not specified.
+.TP 15
+\fBr+\fR
+Open the file for both reading and writing; the file must
+already exist.
+.TP 15
+\fBw\fR
+Open the file for writing only.  Truncate it if it exists.  If it doesn't
+exist, create a new file.
+.TP 15
+\fBw+\fR
+Open the file for reading and writing.  Truncate it if it exists.
+If it doesn't exist, create a new file.
+.TP 15
+\fBa\fR
+Open the file for writing only.  The file must already exist, and the file
+is positioned so that new data is appended to the file.
+.TP 15
+\fBa+\fR
+Open the file for reading and writing.  If the file doesn't exist,
+create a new empty file.
+Set the initial access position  to the end of the file.
+.PP
+In the second form, \fIaccess\fR consists of a list of any of the
+following flags, all of which have the standard POSIX meanings.
+One of the flags must be either \fBRDONLY\fR, \fBWRONLY\fR or \fBRDWR\fR.
+.TP 15
+\fBRDONLY\fR
+Open the file for reading only.
+.TP 15
+\fBWRONLY\fR
+Open the file for writing only.
+.TP 15
+\fBRDWR\fR
+Open the file for both reading and writing.
+.TP 15
+\fBAPPEND\fR
+Set the file pointer to the end of the file prior to each write.
+.TP 15
+\fBCREAT\fR
+Create the file if it doesn't already exist (without this flag it
+is an error for the file not to exist).
+.TP 15
+\fBEXCL\fR
+If \fBCREAT\fR is also specified, an error is returned if the
+file already exists.
+.TP 15
+\fBNOCTTY\fR
+If the file is a terminal device, this flag prevents the file from
+becoming the controlling terminal of the process.
+.TP 15
+\fBNONBLOCK\fR
+.VS
+Prevents the process from blocking while opening the file, and
+possibly in subsequent I/O operations.  The exact behavior of
+this flag is system- and device-dependent;  its use is discouraged
+(it is better to use the \fBfconfigure\fR command to put a file
+in nonblocking mode).
+For details refer to your system documentation on the \fBopen\fR system
+call's \fBO_NONBLOCK\fR flag.
+.VE
+.TP 15
+\fBTRUNC\fR
+If the file exists it is truncated to zero length.
+.PP
+If a new file is created as part of opening it, \fIpermissions\fR
+(an integer) is used to set the permissions for the new file in
+conjunction with the process's file mode creation mask.
+\fIPermissions\fR defaults to 0666.
+.SH "COMMAND PIPELINES"
+.PP
+If the first character of \fIfileName\fR is ``|'' then the
+remaining characters of \fIfileName\fR are treated as a list of arguments
+that describe a command pipeline to invoke, in the same style as the
+arguments for \fBexec\fR.
+In this case, the channel identifier returned by \fBopen\fR may be used
+to write to the command's input pipe or read from its output pipe,
+depending on the value of \fIaccess\fR.
+If write-only access is used (e.g. \fIaccess\fR is \fBw\fR), then
+standard output for the pipeline is directed to the current standard
+output unless overridden by the command.
+If read-only access is used (e.g. \fIaccess\fR is \fBr\fR),
+standard input for the pipeline is taken from the current standard
+input unless overridden by the command.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+close(n), filename(n), gets(n), read(n), puts(n)
+
+.SH KEYWORDS
+access mode, append, create, file, non-blocking, open, permissions,
+pipeline, process