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+'\"
+'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
+'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+'\"
+'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
+'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
+'\" 
+'\" SCCS: @(#) file.n 1.13 96/04/11 17:03:13
+'\" 
+.so man.macros
+.TH file n 7.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
+.BS
+'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
+.SH NAME
+file \- Manipulate file names and attributes
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+\fBfile \fIoption\fR \fIname\fR ?\fIarg arg ...\fR?
+.BE
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+.VS
+This command provides several operations on a file's name or attributes.
+\fIName\fR is the name of a file;
+if it starts with a tilde, then tilde substitution is done before
+executing the command (see the manual entry for \fBfilename\fR 
+for details).
+.VE
+\fIOption\fR indicates what to do with the file name.  Any unique
+abbreviation for \fIoption\fR is acceptable.  The valid options are:
+.TP
+\fBfile atime \fIname\fR
+Returns a decimal string giving the time at which file \fIname\fR
+was last accessed.  The time is measured in the standard POSIX
+fashion as seconds from a fixed starting time (often January 1, 1970).
+If the file doesn't exist or its access time cannot be queried then an
+error is generated.
+.TP
+\fBfile dirname \fIname\fR
+.VS
+Returns a name comprised of all of the path components in \fIname\fR
+excluding the last element.  If \fIname\fR is a relative file name and
+only contains one path element, then returns ``\fB.\fR'' (or ``\fB:\fR''
+on the Macintosh).  If \fIname\fR refers to a root directory, then the
+root directory is returned.  For example,
+.RS
+.CS
+\fBfile dirname c:/\fR
+.CE
+returns \fBc:/\fR. 
+.PP
+Note that tilde substitution will only be
+performed if it is necessary to complete the command.  For example,
+.CS
+\fBfile dirname ~/src/foo.c\fR
+.CE
+returns \fB~/src\fR, whereas
+.CS
+\fBfile dirname ~\fR
+.CE
+returns \fB/home\fR (or something similar).
+.RE
+.VE
+.TP
+\fBfile executable \fIname\fR
+Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is executable by
+the current user, \fB0\fR otherwise.
+Under UNIX this command uses the real user and group identifiers,
+not the effective ones.
+.TP
+\fBfile exists \fIname\fR
+Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR exists and the current user has
+search privileges for the directories leading to it, \fB0\fR otherwise.
+.TP
+\fBfile extension \fIname\fR
+Returns all of the characters in \fIname\fR after and including the
+last dot in the last element of \fIname\fR.  If there is no dot in
+the last element of \fIname\fR then returns
+the empty string.
+.TP
+\fBfile isdirectory \fIname\fR
+Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is a directory,
+\fB0\fR otherwise.
+.TP
+\fBfile isfile \fIname\fR
+Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is a regular file,
+\fB0\fR otherwise.
+.VS br
+.TP
+\fBfile join \fIname\fR ?\fIname ...\fR?
+Takes one or more file names and combines them, using the correct
+path separator for the current platform.  If a particular \fIname\fR is
+relative, then it will be joined to the previous file name argument.
+Otherwise, any earlier arguments will be discarded, and joining will
+proceed from the current argument.  For example,
+.RS
+.CS
+\fBfile join a b /foo bar\fR
+.CE
+returns \fB/foo/bar\fR.
+.PP
+Note that any of the names can contain separators, and that the result
+is always canonical for the current platform: \fB/\fR for Unix and
+Windows, and \fB:\fR for Macintosh.
+.RE
+.VE
+.TP
+\fBfile lstat \fIname varName\fR
+Same as \fBstat\fR option (see below) except uses the \fIlstat\fR
+kernel call instead of \fIstat\fR.  This means that if \fIname\fR
+refers to a symbolic link the information returned in \fIvarName\fR
+is for the link rather than the file it refers to.  On systems that
+don't support symbolic links this option behaves exactly the same
+as the \fBstat\fR option.
+.TP
+\fBfile mtime \fIname\fR
+Returns a decimal string giving the time at which file \fIname\fR
+was last modified.  The time is measured in the standard POSIX
+fashion as seconds from a fixed starting time (often January 1, 1970).
+If the file doesn't exist or its modified time cannot be queried then an
+error is generated.
+.TP
+\fBfile owned \fIname\fR
+Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is owned by the current user,
+\fB0\fR otherwise.
+.VS br
+.TP
+\fBfile pathtype \fIname\fR
+Returns one of \fBabsolute\fR, \fBrelative\fR, \fBvolumerelative\fR.  If
+\fIname\fR refers to a specific file on a specific volume, the path type
+will be \fBabsolute\fR.  If \fIname\fR refers to a file relative to the
+current working directory, then the path type will be \fBrelative\fR.  If
+\fIname\fR refers to a file relative to the current working directory on
+a specified volume, or to a specific file on the current working volume, then
+the file type is \fBvolumerelative\fR.
+.VE
+.TP
+\fBfile readable \fIname\fR
+Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is readable by
+the current user, \fB0\fR otherwise.
+Under UNIX this command uses the real user and group identifiers,
+not the effective ones.
+.TP
+\fBfile readlink \fIname\fR
+Returns the value of the symbolic link given by \fIname\fR (i.e. the
+name of the file it points to).  If
+\fIname\fR isn't a symbolic link or its value cannot be read, then
+an error is returned.  On systems that don't support symbolic links
+this option is undefined.
+.TP
+\fBfile rootname \fIname\fR
+Returns all of the characters in \fIname\fR up to but not including
+the last ``.'' character in the last component of name.  If the last
+component of \fIname\fR doesn't contain a dot, then returns \fIname\fR.
+.TP
+\fBfile size \fIname\fR
+Returns a decimal string giving the size of file \fIname\fR in bytes.
+If the file doesn't exist or its size cannot be queried then an
+error is generated.
+.VS br
+.TP
+\fBfile split \fIname\fR
+Returns a list whose elements are the path components in \fIname\fR.  The
+first element of the list will have the same path type as \fIname\fR.
+All other elements will be relative.  Path separators will be discarded
+unless they are needed ensure that an element is unambiguously relative.  
+For example, under Unix
+.RS
+.CS
+\fBfile split /foo/~bar/baz\fR
+.CE
+returns \fB/\0\0foo\0\0./~bar\0\0baz\fR to ensure that later commands
+that use the third component do not attempt to perform tilde
+substitution.
+.RE
+.VE
+.TP
+\fBfile stat  \fIname varName\fR
+Invokes the \fBstat\fR kernel call on \fIname\fR, and uses the
+variable given by \fIvarName\fR to hold information returned from
+the kernel call.
+\fIVarName\fR is treated as an array variable,
+and the following elements of that variable are set: \fBatime\fR,
+\fBctime\fR, \fBdev\fR, \fBgid\fR, \fBino\fR, \fBmode\fR, \fBmtime\fR,
+\fBnlink\fR, \fBsize\fR, \fBtype\fR, \fBuid\fR.
+Each element except \fBtype\fR is a decimal string with the value of
+the corresponding field from the \fBstat\fR return structure; see the
+manual entry for \fBstat\fR for details on the meanings of the values.
+The \fBtype\fR element gives the type of the file in the same form
+returned by the command \fBfile type\fR.
+This command returns an empty string.
+.TP
+\fBfile tail \fIname\fR
+.VS
+Returns all of the characters in \fIname\fR after the last directory
+separator.  If \fIname\fR contains no separators then returns
+\fIname\fR.
+.VE
+.TP
+\fBfile type \fIname\fR
+Returns a string giving the type of file \fIname\fR, which will be
+one of \fBfile\fR, \fBdirectory\fR, \fBcharacterSpecial\fR,
+\fBblockSpecial\fR, \fBfifo\fR, \fBlink\fR, or \fBsocket\fR.
+.TP
+\fBfile writable \fIname\fR
+Returns \fB1\fR if file \fIname\fR is writable by
+the current user, \fB0\fR otherwise.
+Under UNIX this command uses the real user and group identifiers,
+not the effective ones.
+
+.VS
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+filename
+.VE
+
+.SH KEYWORDS
+attributes, directory, file, name, stat