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+package File::Path;
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+C<use File::Path>
+
+C<mkpath(['/foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 0711);>
+
+C<rmtree(['foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 1);>
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+The C<mkpath> function provides a convenient way to create directories, even
+if your C<mkdir> kernel call won't create more than one level of directory at
+a time. C<mkpath> takes three arguments:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+the name of the path to create, or a reference
+to a list of paths to create,
+
+=item *
+
+a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<mkpath>
+to print the name of each directory as it is created
+(defaults to FALSE), and
+
+=item *
+
+the numeric mode to use when creating the directories
+(defaults to 0777)
+
+=back
+
+It returns a list of all directories (including intermediates, determined
+using the Unix '/' separator) created.
+
+Similarly, the C<rmtree> function provides a convenient way to delete a
+subtree from the directory structure, much like the Unix command C<rm -r>.
+C<rmtree> takes three arguments:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+the root of the subtree to delete, or a reference to
+a list of roots. All of the files and directories
+below each root, as well as the roots themselves,
+will be deleted.
+
+=item *
+
+a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<rmtree> to
+print a message each time it examines a file, giving the
+name of the file, and indicating whether it's using C<rmdir>
+or C<unlink> to remove it, or that it's skipping it.
+(defaults to FALSE)
+
+=item *
+
+a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<rmtree> to
+skip any files to which you do not have delete access
+(if running under VMS) or write access (if running
+under another OS). This will change in the future when
+a criterion for 'delete permission' under OSs other
+than VMS is settled. (defaults to FALSE)
+
+=back
+
+It returns the number of files successfully deleted. Symlinks are
+treated as ordinary files.
+
+B<NOTE:> If the third parameter is not TRUE, C<rmtree> is B<unsecure>
+in the face of failure or interruption. Files and directories which
+were not deleted may be left with permissions reset to allow world
+read and write access. Note also that the occurrence of errors in
+rmtree can be determined I<only> by trapping diagnostic messages
+using C<$SIG{__WARN__}>; it is not apparent from the return value.
+Therefore, you must be extremely careful about using C<rmtree($foo,$bar,0>
+in situations where security is an issue.
+
+=head1 AUTHORS
+
+Tim Bunce <F<Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk>> and
+Charles Bailey <F<bailey@genetics.upenn.edu>>
+
+=head1 REVISION
+
+Current $VERSION is 1.0401.
+
+=cut
+
+use Carp;
+use File::Basename ();
+use DirHandle ();
+use Exporter ();
+use strict;
+
+use vars qw( $VERSION @ISA @EXPORT );
+$VERSION = "1.0401";
+@ISA = qw( Exporter );
+@EXPORT = qw( mkpath rmtree );
+
+my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
+
+# These OSes complain if you want to remove a file that you have no
+# write permission to:
+my $force_writeable = ($^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'dos' || $^O eq 'MSWin32'
+ || $^O eq 'amigaos');
+
+sub mkpath {
+ my($paths, $verbose, $mode) = @_;
+ # $paths -- either a path string or ref to list of paths
+ # $verbose -- optional print "mkdir $path" for each directory created
+ # $mode -- optional permissions, defaults to 0777
+ local($")="/";
+ $mode = 0777 unless defined($mode);
+ $paths = [$paths] unless ref $paths;
+ my(@created,$path);
+ foreach $path (@$paths) {
+ $path .= '/' if $^O eq 'os2' and $path =~ /^\w:$/; # feature of CRT
+ next if -d $path;
+ # Logic wants Unix paths, so go with the flow.
+ $path = VMS::Filespec::unixify($path) if $Is_VMS;
+ my $parent = File::Basename::dirname($path);
+ # Allow for creation of new logical filesystems under VMS
+ if (not $Is_VMS or $parent !~ m:/[^/]+/000000/?:) {
+ push(@created,mkpath($parent, $verbose, $mode)) unless (-d $parent);
+ }
+ print "mkdir $path\n" if $verbose;
+ unless (mkdir($path,$mode)) {
+ # allow for another process to have created it meanwhile
+ croak "mkdir $path: $!" unless -d $path;
+ }
+ push(@created, $path);
+ }
+ @created;
+}
+
+sub rmtree {
+ my($roots, $verbose, $safe) = @_;
+ my(@files);
+ my($count) = 0;
+ $roots = [$roots] unless ref $roots;
+ $verbose ||= 0;
+ $safe ||= 0;
+
+ my($root);
+ foreach $root (@{$roots}) {
+ $root =~ s#/$##;
+ (undef, undef, my $rp) = lstat $root or next;
+ $rp &= 07777; # don't forget setuid, setgid, sticky bits
+ if ( -d _ ) {
+ # notabene: 0777 is for making readable in the first place,
+ # it's also intended to change it to writable in case we have
+ # to recurse in which case we are better than rm -rf for
+ # subtrees with strange permissions
+ chmod(0777, ($Is_VMS ? VMS::Filespec::fileify($root) : $root))
+ or carp "Can't make directory $root read+writeable: $!"
+ unless $safe;
+
+ my $d = DirHandle->new($root)
+ or carp "Can't read $root: $!";
+ @files = $d->read;
+ $d->close;
+
+ # Deleting large numbers of files from VMS Files-11 filesystems
+ # is faster if done in reverse ASCIIbetical order
+ @files = reverse @files if $Is_VMS;
+ ($root = VMS::Filespec::unixify($root)) =~ s#\.dir$## if $Is_VMS;
+ @files = map("$root/$_", grep $_!~/^\.{1,2}$/,@files);
+ $count += rmtree(\@files,$verbose,$safe);
+ if ($safe &&
+ ($Is_VMS ? !&VMS::Filespec::candelete($root) : !-w $root)) {
+ print "skipped $root\n" if $verbose;
+ next;
+ }
+ chmod 0777, $root
+ or carp "Can't make directory $root writeable: $!"
+ if $force_writeable;
+ print "rmdir $root\n" if $verbose;
+ if (rmdir $root) {
+ ++$count;
+ }
+ else {
+ carp "Can't remove directory $root: $!";
+ chmod($rp, ($Is_VMS ? VMS::Filespec::fileify($root) : $root))
+ or carp("and can't restore permissions to "
+ . sprintf("0%o",$rp) . "\n");
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ if ($safe &&
+ ($Is_VMS ? !&VMS::Filespec::candelete($root) : !-w $root)) {
+ print "skipped $root\n" if $verbose;
+ next;
+ }
+ chmod 0666, $root
+ or carp "Can't make file $root writeable: $!"
+ if $force_writeable;
+ print "unlink $root\n" if $verbose;
+ # delete all versions under VMS
+ for (;;) {
+ unless (unlink $root) {
+ carp "Can't unlink file $root: $!";
+ if ($force_writeable) {
+ chmod $rp, $root
+ or carp("and can't restore permissions to "
+ . sprintf("0%o",$rp) . "\n");
+ }
+ last;
+ }
+ ++$count;
+ last unless $Is_VMS && lstat $root;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ $count;
+}
+
+1;
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