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Diffstat (limited to 'contrib/perl5/ext/Data/Dumper/Dumper.pm')
-rw-r--r-- | contrib/perl5/ext/Data/Dumper/Dumper.pm | 1048 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1048 deletions
diff --git a/contrib/perl5/ext/Data/Dumper/Dumper.pm b/contrib/perl5/ext/Data/Dumper/Dumper.pm deleted file mode 100644 index a8e59ab..0000000 --- a/contrib/perl5/ext/Data/Dumper/Dumper.pm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1048 +0,0 @@ -# -# Data/Dumper.pm -# -# convert perl data structures into perl syntax suitable for both printing -# and eval -# -# Documentation at the __END__ -# - -package Data::Dumper; - -$VERSION = '2.102'; - -#$| = 1; - -require 5.005_64; -require Exporter; -use XSLoader (); -require overload; - -use Carp; - -@ISA = qw(Exporter); -@EXPORT = qw(Dumper); -@EXPORT_OK = qw(DumperX); - -XSLoader::load 'Data::Dumper'; - -# module vars and their defaults -$Indent = 2 unless defined $Indent; -$Purity = 0 unless defined $Purity; -$Pad = "" unless defined $Pad; -$Varname = "VAR" unless defined $Varname; -$Useqq = 0 unless defined $Useqq; -$Terse = 0 unless defined $Terse; -$Freezer = "" unless defined $Freezer; -$Toaster = "" unless defined $Toaster; -$Deepcopy = 0 unless defined $Deepcopy; -$Quotekeys = 1 unless defined $Quotekeys; -$Bless = "bless" unless defined $Bless; -#$Expdepth = 0 unless defined $Expdepth; -$Maxdepth = 0 unless defined $Maxdepth; - -# -# expects an arrayref of values to be dumped. -# can optionally pass an arrayref of names for the values. -# names must have leading $ sign stripped. begin the name with * -# to cause output of arrays and hashes rather than refs. -# -sub new { - my($c, $v, $n) = @_; - - croak "Usage: PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF, [ARRAYREF])" - unless (defined($v) && (ref($v) eq 'ARRAY')); - $n = [] unless (defined($n) && (ref($v) eq 'ARRAY')); - - my($s) = { - level => 0, # current recursive depth - indent => $Indent, # various styles of indenting - pad => $Pad, # all lines prefixed by this string - xpad => "", # padding-per-level - apad => "", # added padding for hash keys n such - sep => "", # list separator - seen => {}, # local (nested) refs (id => [name, val]) - todump => $v, # values to dump [] - names => $n, # optional names for values [] - varname => $Varname, # prefix to use for tagging nameless ones - purity => $Purity, # degree to which output is evalable - useqq => $Useqq, # use "" for strings (backslashitis ensues) - terse => $Terse, # avoid name output (where feasible) - freezer => $Freezer, # name of Freezer method for objects - toaster => $Toaster, # name of method to revive objects - deepcopy => $Deepcopy, # dont cross-ref, except to stop recursion - quotekeys => $Quotekeys, # quote hash keys - 'bless' => $Bless, # keyword to use for "bless" -# expdepth => $Expdepth, # cutoff depth for explicit dumping - maxdepth => $Maxdepth, # depth beyond which we give up - }; - - if ($Indent > 0) { - $s->{xpad} = " "; - $s->{sep} = "\n"; - } - return bless($s, $c); -} - -# -# add-to or query the table of already seen references -# -sub Seen { - my($s, $g) = @_; - if (defined($g) && (ref($g) eq 'HASH')) { - my($k, $v, $id); - while (($k, $v) = each %$g) { - if (defined $v and ref $v) { - ($id) = (overload::StrVal($v) =~ /\((.*)\)$/); - if ($k =~ /^[*](.*)$/) { - $k = (ref $v eq 'ARRAY') ? ( "\\\@" . $1 ) : - (ref $v eq 'HASH') ? ( "\\\%" . $1 ) : - (ref $v eq 'CODE') ? ( "\\\&" . $1 ) : - ( "\$" . $1 ) ; - } - elsif ($k !~ /^\$/) { - $k = "\$" . $k; - } - $s->{seen}{$id} = [$k, $v]; - } - else { - carp "Only refs supported, ignoring non-ref item \$$k"; - } - } - return $s; - } - else { - return map { @$_ } values %{$s->{seen}}; - } -} - -# -# set or query the values to be dumped -# -sub Values { - my($s, $v) = @_; - if (defined($v) && (ref($v) eq 'ARRAY')) { - $s->{todump} = [@$v]; # make a copy - return $s; - } - else { - return @{$s->{todump}}; - } -} - -# -# set or query the names of the values to be dumped -# -sub Names { - my($s, $n) = @_; - if (defined($n) && (ref($n) eq 'ARRAY')) { - $s->{names} = [@$n]; # make a copy - return $s; - } - else { - return @{$s->{names}}; - } -} - -sub DESTROY {} - -sub Dump { - return &Dumpxs - unless $Data::Dumper::Useqq || (ref($_[0]) && $_[0]->{useqq}); - return &Dumpperl; -} - -# -# dump the refs in the current dumper object. -# expects same args as new() if called via package name. -# -sub Dumpperl { - my($s) = shift; - my(@out, $val, $name); - my($i) = 0; - local(@post); - - $s = $s->new(@_) unless ref $s; - - for $val (@{$s->{todump}}) { - my $out = ""; - @post = (); - $name = $s->{names}[$i++]; - if (defined $name) { - if ($name =~ /^[*](.*)$/) { - if (defined $val) { - $name = (ref $val eq 'ARRAY') ? ( "\@" . $1 ) : - (ref $val eq 'HASH') ? ( "\%" . $1 ) : - (ref $val eq 'CODE') ? ( "\*" . $1 ) : - ( "\$" . $1 ) ; - } - else { - $name = "\$" . $1; - } - } - elsif ($name !~ /^\$/) { - $name = "\$" . $name; - } - } - else { - $name = "\$" . $s->{varname} . $i; - } - - my $valstr; - { - local($s->{apad}) = $s->{apad}; - $s->{apad} .= ' ' x (length($name) + 3) if $s->{indent} >= 2; - $valstr = $s->_dump($val, $name); - } - - $valstr = "$name = " . $valstr . ';' if @post or !$s->{terse}; - $out .= $s->{pad} . $valstr . $s->{sep}; - $out .= $s->{pad} . join(';' . $s->{sep} . $s->{pad}, @post) - . ';' . $s->{sep} if @post; - - push @out, $out; - } - return wantarray ? @out : join('', @out); -} - -# -# twist, toil and turn; -# and recurse, of course. -# -sub _dump { - my($s, $val, $name) = @_; - my($sname); - my($out, $realpack, $realtype, $type, $ipad, $id, $blesspad); - - $type = ref $val; - $out = ""; - - if ($type) { - - # prep it, if it looks like an object - if (my $freezer = $s->{freezer}) { - $val->$freezer() if UNIVERSAL::can($val, $freezer); - } - - ($realpack, $realtype, $id) = - (overload::StrVal($val) =~ /^(?:(.*)\=)?([^=]*)\(([^\(]*)\)$/); - - # if it has a name, we need to either look it up, or keep a tab - # on it so we know when we hit it later - if (defined($name) and length($name)) { - # keep a tab on it so that we dont fall into recursive pit - if (exists $s->{seen}{$id}) { -# if ($s->{expdepth} < $s->{level}) { - if ($s->{purity} and $s->{level} > 0) { - $out = ($realtype eq 'HASH') ? '{}' : - ($realtype eq 'ARRAY') ? '[]' : - 'do{my $o}' ; - push @post, $name . " = " . $s->{seen}{$id}[0]; - } - else { - $out = $s->{seen}{$id}[0]; - if ($name =~ /^([\@\%])/) { - my $start = $1; - if ($out =~ /^\\$start/) { - $out = substr($out, 1); - } - else { - $out = $start . '{' . $out . '}'; - } - } - } - return $out; -# } - } - else { - # store our name - $s->{seen}{$id} = [ (($name =~ /^[@%]/) ? ('\\' . $name ) : - ($realtype eq 'CODE' and - $name =~ /^[*](.*)$/) ? ('\\&' . $1 ) : - $name ), - $val ]; - } - } - - if ($realpack and $realpack eq 'Regexp') { - $out = "$val"; - $out =~ s,/,\\/,g; - return "qr/$out/"; - } - - # If purity is not set and maxdepth is set, then check depth: - # if we have reached maximum depth, return the string - # representation of the thing we are currently examining - # at this depth (i.e., 'Foo=ARRAY(0xdeadbeef)'). - if (!$s->{purity} - and $s->{maxdepth} > 0 - and $s->{level} >= $s->{maxdepth}) - { - return qq['$val']; - } - - # we have a blessed ref - if ($realpack) { - $out = $s->{'bless'} . '( '; - $blesspad = $s->{apad}; - $s->{apad} .= ' ' if ($s->{indent} >= 2); - } - - $s->{level}++; - $ipad = $s->{xpad} x $s->{level}; - - if ($realtype eq 'SCALAR' || $realtype eq 'REF') { - if ($realpack) { - $out .= 'do{\\(my $o = ' . $s->_dump($$val, "\${$name}") . ')}'; - } - else { - $out .= '\\' . $s->_dump($$val, "\${$name}"); - } - } - elsif ($realtype eq 'GLOB') { - $out .= '\\' . $s->_dump($$val, "*{$name}"); - } - elsif ($realtype eq 'ARRAY') { - my($v, $pad, $mname); - my($i) = 0; - $out .= ($name =~ /^\@/) ? '(' : '['; - $pad = $s->{sep} . $s->{pad} . $s->{apad}; - ($name =~ /^\@(.*)$/) ? ($mname = "\$" . $1) : - # omit -> if $foo->[0]->{bar}, but not ${$foo->[0]}->{bar} - ($name =~ /^\\?[\%\@\*\$][^{].*[]}]$/) ? ($mname = $name) : - ($mname = $name . '->'); - $mname .= '->' if $mname =~ /^\*.+\{[A-Z]+\}$/; - for $v (@$val) { - $sname = $mname . '[' . $i . ']'; - $out .= $pad . $ipad . '#' . $i if $s->{indent} >= 3; - $out .= $pad . $ipad . $s->_dump($v, $sname); - $out .= "," if $i++ < $#$val; - } - $out .= $pad . ($s->{xpad} x ($s->{level} - 1)) if $i; - $out .= ($name =~ /^\@/) ? ')' : ']'; - } - elsif ($realtype eq 'HASH') { - my($k, $v, $pad, $lpad, $mname); - $out .= ($name =~ /^\%/) ? '(' : '{'; - $pad = $s->{sep} . $s->{pad} . $s->{apad}; - $lpad = $s->{apad}; - ($name =~ /^\%(.*)$/) ? ($mname = "\$" . $1) : - # omit -> if $foo->[0]->{bar}, but not ${$foo->[0]}->{bar} - ($name =~ /^\\?[\%\@\*\$][^{].*[]}]$/) ? ($mname = $name) : - ($mname = $name . '->'); - $mname .= '->' if $mname =~ /^\*.+\{[A-Z]+\}$/; - while (($k, $v) = each %$val) { - my $nk = $s->_dump($k, ""); - $nk = $1 if !$s->{quotekeys} and $nk =~ /^[\"\']([A-Za-z_]\w*)[\"\']$/; - $sname = $mname . '{' . $nk . '}'; - $out .= $pad . $ipad . $nk . " => "; - - # temporarily alter apad - $s->{apad} .= (" " x (length($nk) + 4)) if $s->{indent} >= 2; - $out .= $s->_dump($val->{$k}, $sname) . ","; - $s->{apad} = $lpad if $s->{indent} >= 2; - } - if (substr($out, -1) eq ',') { - chop $out; - $out .= $pad . ($s->{xpad} x ($s->{level} - 1)); - } - $out .= ($name =~ /^\%/) ? ')' : '}'; - } - elsif ($realtype eq 'CODE') { - $out .= 'sub { "DUMMY" }'; - carp "Encountered CODE ref, using dummy placeholder" if $s->{purity}; - } - else { - croak "Can\'t handle $realtype type."; - } - - if ($realpack) { # we have a blessed ref - $out .= ', \'' . $realpack . '\'' . ' )'; - $out .= '->' . $s->{toaster} . '()' if $s->{toaster} ne ''; - $s->{apad} = $blesspad; - } - $s->{level}--; - - } - else { # simple scalar - - my $ref = \$_[1]; - # first, catalog the scalar - if ($name ne '') { - ($id) = ("$ref" =~ /\(([^\(]*)\)$/); - if (exists $s->{seen}{$id}) { - if ($s->{seen}{$id}[2]) { - $out = $s->{seen}{$id}[0]; - #warn "[<$out]\n"; - return "\${$out}"; - } - } - else { - #warn "[>\\$name]\n"; - $s->{seen}{$id} = ["\\$name", $ref]; - } - } - if (ref($ref) eq 'GLOB' or "$ref" =~ /=GLOB\([^()]+\)$/) { # glob - my $name = substr($val, 1); - if ($name =~ /^[A-Za-z_][\w:]*$/) { - $name =~ s/^main::/::/; - $sname = $name; - } - else { - $sname = $s->_dump($name, ""); - $sname = '{' . $sname . '}'; - } - if ($s->{purity}) { - my $k; - local ($s->{level}) = 0; - for $k (qw(SCALAR ARRAY HASH)) { - my $gval = *$val{$k}; - next unless defined $gval; - next if $k eq "SCALAR" && ! defined $$gval; # always there - - # _dump can push into @post, so we hold our place using $postlen - my $postlen = scalar @post; - $post[$postlen] = "\*$sname = "; - local ($s->{apad}) = " " x length($post[$postlen]) if $s->{indent} >= 2; - $post[$postlen] .= $s->_dump($gval, "\*$sname\{$k\}"); - } - } - $out .= '*' . $sname; - } - elsif (!defined($val)) { - $out .= "undef"; - } - elsif ($val =~ /^(?:0|-?[1-9]\d{0,8})$/) { # safe decimal number - $out .= $val; - } - else { # string - if ($s->{useqq}) { - $out .= qquote($val, $s->{useqq}); - } - else { - $val =~ s/([\\\'])/\\$1/g; - $out .= '\'' . $val . '\''; - } - } - } - if ($id) { - # if we made it this far, $id was added to seen list at current - # level, so remove it to get deep copies - if ($s->{deepcopy}) { - delete($s->{seen}{$id}); - } - elsif ($name) { - $s->{seen}{$id}[2] = 1; - } - } - return $out; -} - -# -# non-OO style of earlier version -# -sub Dumper { - return Data::Dumper->Dump([@_]); -} - -# compat stub -sub DumperX { - return Data::Dumper->Dumpxs([@_], []); -} - -sub Dumpf { return Data::Dumper->Dump(@_) } - -sub Dumpp { print Data::Dumper->Dump(@_) } - -# -# reset the "seen" cache -# -sub Reset { - my($s) = shift; - $s->{seen} = {}; - return $s; -} - -sub Indent { - my($s, $v) = @_; - if (defined($v)) { - if ($v == 0) { - $s->{xpad} = ""; - $s->{sep} = ""; - } - else { - $s->{xpad} = " "; - $s->{sep} = "\n"; - } - $s->{indent} = $v; - return $s; - } - else { - return $s->{indent}; - } -} - -sub Pad { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{pad} = $v), return $s) : $s->{pad}; -} - -sub Varname { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{varname} = $v), return $s) : $s->{varname}; -} - -sub Purity { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{purity} = $v), return $s) : $s->{purity}; -} - -sub Useqq { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{useqq} = $v), return $s) : $s->{useqq}; -} - -sub Terse { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{terse} = $v), return $s) : $s->{terse}; -} - -sub Freezer { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{freezer} = $v), return $s) : $s->{freezer}; -} - -sub Toaster { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{toaster} = $v), return $s) : $s->{toaster}; -} - -sub Deepcopy { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{deepcopy} = $v), return $s) : $s->{deepcopy}; -} - -sub Quotekeys { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{quotekeys} = $v), return $s) : $s->{quotekeys}; -} - -sub Bless { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{'bless'} = $v), return $s) : $s->{'bless'}; -} - -sub Maxdepth { - my($s, $v) = @_; - defined($v) ? (($s->{'maxdepth'} = $v), return $s) : $s->{'maxdepth'}; -} - - -# used by qquote below -my %esc = ( - "\a" => "\\a", - "\b" => "\\b", - "\t" => "\\t", - "\n" => "\\n", - "\f" => "\\f", - "\r" => "\\r", - "\e" => "\\e", -); - -# put a string value in double quotes -sub qquote { - local($_) = shift; - s/([\\\"\@\$])/\\$1/g; - return qq("$_") unless - /[^ !"\#\$%&'()*+,\-.\/0-9:;<=>?\@A-Z[\\\]^_`a-z{|}~]/; # fast exit - - my $high = shift || ""; - s/([\a\b\t\n\f\r\e])/$esc{$1}/g; - - if (ord('^')==94) { # ascii - # no need for 3 digits in escape for these - s/([\0-\037])(?!\d)/'\\'.sprintf('%o',ord($1))/eg; - s/([\0-\037\177])/'\\'.sprintf('%03o',ord($1))/eg; - # all but last branch below not supported --BEHAVIOR SUBJECT TO CHANGE-- - if ($high eq "iso8859") { - s/([\200-\240])/'\\'.sprintf('%o',ord($1))/eg; - } elsif ($high eq "utf8") { -# use utf8; -# $str =~ s/([^\040-\176])/sprintf "\\x{%04x}", ord($1)/ge; - } elsif ($high eq "8bit") { - # leave it as it is - } else { - s/([\200-\377])/'\\'.sprintf('%03o',ord($1))/eg; - } - } - else { # ebcdic - s{([^ !"\#\$%&'()*+,\-.\/0-9:;<=>?\@A-Z[\\\]^_`a-z{|}~])(?!\d)} - {my $v = ord($1); '\\'.sprintf(($v <= 037 ? '%o' : '%03o'), $v)}eg; - s{([^ !"\#\$%&'()*+,\-.\/0-9:;<=>?\@A-Z[\\\]^_`a-z{|}~])} - {'\\'.sprintf('%03o',ord($1))}eg; - } - - return qq("$_"); -} - -1; -__END__ - -=head1 NAME - -Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval> - - -=head1 SYNOPSIS - - use Data::Dumper; - - # simple procedural interface - print Dumper($foo, $bar); - - # extended usage with names - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$foo, $bar], [qw(foo *ary)]); - - # configuration variables - { - local $Data::Dump::Purity = 1; - eval Data::Dumper->Dump([$foo, $bar], [qw(foo *ary)]); - } - - # OO usage - $d = Data::Dumper->new([$foo, $bar], [qw(foo *ary)]); - ... - print $d->Dump; - ... - $d->Purity(1)->Terse(1)->Deepcopy(1); - eval $d->Dump; - - -=head1 DESCRIPTION - -Given a list of scalars or reference variables, writes out their contents in -perl syntax. The references can also be objects. The contents of each -variable is output in a single Perl statement. Handles self-referential -structures correctly. - -The return value can be C<eval>ed to get back an identical copy of the -original reference structure. - -Any references that are the same as one of those passed in will be named -C<$VAR>I<n> (where I<n> is a numeric suffix), and other duplicate references -to substructures within C<$VAR>I<n> will be appropriately labeled using arrow -notation. You can specify names for individual values to be dumped if you -use the C<Dump()> method, or you can change the default C<$VAR> prefix to -something else. See C<$Data::Dumper::Varname> and C<$Data::Dumper::Terse> -below. - -The default output of self-referential structures can be C<eval>ed, but the -nested references to C<$VAR>I<n> will be undefined, since a recursive -structure cannot be constructed using one Perl statement. You should set the -C<Purity> flag to 1 to get additional statements that will correctly fill in -these references. - -In the extended usage form, the references to be dumped can be given -user-specified names. If a name begins with a C<*>, the output will -describe the dereferenced type of the supplied reference for hashes and -arrays, and coderefs. Output of names will be avoided where possible if -the C<Terse> flag is set. - -In many cases, methods that are used to set the internal state of the -object will return the object itself, so method calls can be conveniently -chained together. - -Several styles of output are possible, all controlled by setting -the C<Indent> flag. See L<Configuration Variables or Methods> below -for details. - - -=head2 Methods - -=over 4 - -=item I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>) - -Returns a newly created C<Data::Dumper> object. The first argument is an -anonymous array of values to be dumped. The optional second argument is an -anonymous array of names for the values. The names need not have a leading -C<$> sign, and must be comprised of alphanumeric characters. You can begin -a name with a C<*> to specify that the dereferenced type must be dumped -instead of the reference itself, for ARRAY and HASH references. - -The prefix specified by C<$Data::Dumper::Varname> will be used with a -numeric suffix if the name for a value is undefined. - -Data::Dumper will catalog all references encountered while dumping the -values. Cross-references (in the form of names of substructures in perl -syntax) will be inserted at all possible points, preserving any structural -interdependencies in the original set of values. Structure traversal is -depth-first, and proceeds in order from the first supplied value to -the last. - -=item I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or> I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>) - -Returns the stringified form of the values stored in the object (preserving -the order in which they were supplied to C<new>), subject to the -configuration options below. In a list context, it returns a list -of strings corresponding to the supplied values. - -The second form, for convenience, simply calls the C<new> method on its -arguments before dumping the object immediately. - -=item I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>) - -Queries or adds to the internal table of already encountered references. -You must use C<Reset> to explicitly clear the table if needed. Such -references are not dumped; instead, their names are inserted wherever they -are encountered subsequently. This is useful especially for properly -dumping subroutine references. - -Expects a anonymous hash of name => value pairs. Same rules apply for names -as in C<new>. If no argument is supplied, will return the "seen" list of -name => value pairs, in a list context. Otherwise, returns the object -itself. - -=item I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>) - -Queries or replaces the internal array of values that will be dumped. -When called without arguments, returns the values. Otherwise, returns the -object itself. - -=item I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>) - -Queries or replaces the internal array of user supplied names for the values -that will be dumped. When called without arguments, returns the names. -Otherwise, returns the object itself. - -=item I<$OBJ>->Reset - -Clears the internal table of "seen" references and returns the object -itself. - -=back - -=head2 Functions - -=over 4 - -=item Dumper(I<LIST>) - -Returns the stringified form of the values in the list, subject to the -configuration options below. The values will be named C<$VAR>I<n> in the -output, where I<n> is a numeric suffix. Will return a list of strings -in a list context. - -=back - -=head2 Configuration Variables or Methods - -Several configuration variables can be used to control the kind of output -generated when using the procedural interface. These variables are usually -C<local>ized in a block so that other parts of the code are not affected by -the change. - -These variables determine the default state of the object created by calling -the C<new> method, but cannot be used to alter the state of the object -thereafter. The equivalent method names should be used instead to query -or set the internal state of the object. - -The method forms return the object itself when called with arguments, -so that they can be chained together nicely. - -=over 4 - -=item $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Controls the style of indentation. It can be set to 0, 1, 2 or 3. Style 0 -spews output without any newlines, indentation, or spaces between list -items. It is the most compact format possible that can still be called -valid perl. Style 1 outputs a readable form with newlines but no fancy -indentation (each level in the structure is simply indented by a fixed -amount of whitespace). Style 2 (the default) outputs a very readable form -which takes into account the length of hash keys (so the hash value lines -up). Style 3 is like style 2, but also annotates the elements of arrays -with their index (but the comment is on its own line, so array output -consumes twice the number of lines). Style 2 is the default. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Controls the degree to which the output can be C<eval>ed to recreate the -supplied reference structures. Setting it to 1 will output additional perl -statements that will correctly recreate nested references. The default is -0. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Specifies the string that will be prefixed to every line of the output. -Empty string by default. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Contains the prefix to use for tagging variable names in the output. The -default is "VAR". - -=item $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -When set, enables the use of double quotes for representing string values. -Whitespace other than space will be represented as C<[\n\t\r]>, "unsafe" -characters will be backslashed, and unprintable characters will be output as -quoted octal integers. Since setting this variable imposes a performance -penalty, the default is 0. C<Dump()> will run slower if this flag is set, -since the fast XSUB implementation doesn't support it yet. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -When set, Data::Dumper will emit single, non-self-referential values as -atoms/terms rather than statements. This means that the C<$VAR>I<n> names -will be avoided where possible, but be advised that such output may not -always be parseable by C<eval>. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Can be set to a method name, or to an empty string to disable the feature. -Data::Dumper will invoke that method via the object before attempting to -stringify it. This method can alter the contents of the object (if, for -instance, it contains data allocated from C), and even rebless it in a -different package. The client is responsible for making sure the specified -method can be called via the object, and that the object ends up containing -only perl data types after the method has been called. Defaults to an empty -string. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Can be set to a method name, or to an empty string to disable the feature. -Data::Dumper will emit a method call for any objects that are to be dumped -using the syntax C<bless(DATA, CLASS)->METHOD()>. Note that this means that -the method specified will have to perform any modifications required on the -object (like creating new state within it, and/or reblessing it in a -different package) and then return it. The client is responsible for making -sure the method can be called via the object, and that it returns a valid -object. Defaults to an empty string. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Can be set to a boolean value to enable deep copies of structures. -Cross-referencing will then only be done when absolutely essential -(i.e., to break reference cycles). Default is 0. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Can be set to a boolean value to control whether hash keys are quoted. -A false value will avoid quoting hash keys when it looks like a simple -string. Default is 1, which will always enclose hash keys in quotes. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Can be set to a string that specifies an alternative to the C<bless> -builtin operator used to create objects. A function with the specified -name should exist, and should accept the same arguments as the builtin. -Default is C<bless>. - -=item $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>) - -Can be set to a positive integer that specifies the depth beyond which -which we don't venture into a structure. Has no effect when -C<Data::Dumper::Purity> is set. (Useful in debugger when we often don't -want to see more than enough). Default is 0, which means there is -no maximum depth. - -=back - -=head2 Exports - -=over 4 - -=item Dumper - -=back - -=head1 EXAMPLES - -Run these code snippets to get a quick feel for the behavior of this -module. When you are through with these examples, you may want to -add or change the various configuration variables described above, -to see their behavior. (See the testsuite in the Data::Dumper -distribution for more examples.) - - - use Data::Dumper; - - package Foo; - sub new {bless {'a' => 1, 'b' => sub { return "foo" }}, $_[0]}; - - package Fuz; # a weird REF-REF-SCALAR object - sub new {bless \($_ = \ 'fu\'z'), $_[0]}; - - package main; - $foo = Foo->new; - $fuz = Fuz->new; - $boo = [ 1, [], "abcd", \*foo, - {1 => 'a', 023 => 'b', 0x45 => 'c'}, - \\"p\q\'r", $foo, $fuz]; - - ######## - # simple usage - ######## - - $bar = eval(Dumper($boo)); - print($@) if $@; - print Dumper($boo), Dumper($bar); # pretty print (no array indices) - - $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1; # don't output names where feasible - $Data::Dumper::Indent = 0; # turn off all pretty print - print Dumper($boo), "\n"; - - $Data::Dumper::Indent = 1; # mild pretty print - print Dumper($boo); - - $Data::Dumper::Indent = 3; # pretty print with array indices - print Dumper($boo); - - $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1; # print strings in double quotes - print Dumper($boo); - - - ######## - # recursive structures - ######## - - @c = ('c'); - $c = \@c; - $b = {}; - $a = [1, $b, $c]; - $b->{a} = $a; - $b->{b} = $a->[1]; - $b->{c} = $a->[2]; - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$a,$b,$c], [qw(a b c)]); - - - $Data::Dumper::Purity = 1; # fill in the holes for eval - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$a, $b], [qw(*a b)]); # print as @a - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$b, $a], [qw(*b a)]); # print as %b - - - $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy = 1; # avoid cross-refs - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$b, $a], [qw(*b a)]); - - - $Data::Dumper::Purity = 0; # avoid cross-refs - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$b, $a], [qw(*b a)]); - - ######## - # deep structures - ######## - - $a = "pearl"; - $b = [ $a ]; - $c = { 'b' => $b }; - $d = [ $c ]; - $e = { 'd' => $d }; - $f = { 'e' => $e }; - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$f], [qw(f)]); - - $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth = 3; # no deeper than 3 refs down - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$f], [qw(f)]); - - - ######## - # object-oriented usage - ######## - - $d = Data::Dumper->new([$a,$b], [qw(a b)]); - $d->Seen({'*c' => $c}); # stash a ref without printing it - $d->Indent(3); - print $d->Dump; - $d->Reset->Purity(0); # empty the seen cache - print join "----\n", $d->Dump; - - - ######## - # persistence - ######## - - package Foo; - sub new { bless { state => 'awake' }, shift } - sub Freeze { - my $s = shift; - print STDERR "preparing to sleep\n"; - $s->{state} = 'asleep'; - return bless $s, 'Foo::ZZZ'; - } - - package Foo::ZZZ; - sub Thaw { - my $s = shift; - print STDERR "waking up\n"; - $s->{state} = 'awake'; - return bless $s, 'Foo'; - } - - package Foo; - use Data::Dumper; - $a = Foo->new; - $b = Data::Dumper->new([$a], ['c']); - $b->Freezer('Freeze'); - $b->Toaster('Thaw'); - $c = $b->Dump; - print $c; - $d = eval $c; - print Data::Dumper->Dump([$d], ['d']); - - - ######## - # symbol substitution (useful for recreating CODE refs) - ######## - - sub foo { print "foo speaking\n" } - *other = \&foo; - $bar = [ \&other ]; - $d = Data::Dumper->new([\&other,$bar],['*other','bar']); - $d->Seen({ '*foo' => \&foo }); - print $d->Dump; - - -=head1 BUGS - -Due to limitations of Perl subroutine call semantics, you cannot pass an -array or hash. Prepend it with a C<\> to pass its reference instead. This -will be remedied in time, with the arrival of prototypes in later versions -of Perl. For now, you need to use the extended usage form, and prepend the -name with a C<*> to output it as a hash or array. - -C<Data::Dumper> cheats with CODE references. If a code reference is -encountered in the structure being processed, an anonymous subroutine that -contains the string '"DUMMY"' will be inserted in its place, and a warning -will be printed if C<Purity> is set. You can C<eval> the result, but bear -in mind that the anonymous sub that gets created is just a placeholder. -Someday, perl will have a switch to cache-on-demand the string -representation of a compiled piece of code, I hope. If you have prior -knowledge of all the code refs that your data structures are likely -to have, you can use the C<Seen> method to pre-seed the internal reference -table and make the dumped output point to them, instead. See L<EXAMPLES> -above. - -The C<Useqq> flag makes Dump() run slower, since the XSUB implementation -does not support it. - -SCALAR objects have the weirdest looking C<bless> workaround. - - -=head1 AUTHOR - -Gurusamy Sarathy gsar@activestate.com - -Copyright (c) 1996-98 Gurusamy Sarathy. All rights reserved. -This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or -modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. - - -=head1 VERSION - -Version 2.11 (unreleased) - -=head1 SEE ALSO - -perl(1) - -=cut |