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diff --git a/contrib/nvi/docs/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff b/contrib/nvi/docs/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12030cd --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/nvi/docs/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff @@ -0,0 +1,3085 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1994 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 +.\" Keith Bostic. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" See the LICENSE file for redistribution information. +.\" +.\" @(#)vi.cmd.roff 8.49 (Berkeley) 8/17/96 +.\" +.SH 1 "Vi Description" +.pp +.CO Vi +takes up the entire screen to display the edited file, +except for the bottom line of the screen. +The bottom line of the screen is used to enter +.CO ex +commands, and for +.CO vi +error and informational messages. +If no other information is being displayed, +the default display can show the current cursor row and cursor column, +an indication of whether the file has been modified, +and the current mode of the editor. +See the +.OP ruler +and +.OP showmode +options for more information. +.pp +Empty lines do not have any special representation on the screen, +but lines on the screen that would logically come after the end of +the file are displayed as a single tilde +.PQ ~ +character. +To differentiate between empty lines and lines consisting of only +whitespace characters, use the +.OP list +option. +Historically, implementations of +.CO vi +have also displayed some lines as single asterisk +.PQ @ +characters. +These were lines that were not correctly displayed, i.e. lines on the +screen that did not correspond to lines in the file, or lines that did +not fit on the current screen. +.CO Nvi +never displays lines in this fashion. +.pp +.CO Vi +is a modeful editor, i.e. it has two modes, +.QQ command +mode and +.QQ "text input" +mode. +When +.CO vi +first starts, it is in command mode. +There are several commands that change +.CO vi +into text input mode. +The +.LI <escape> +character is used to resolve the text input into the file, +and exit back into command mode. +In +.CO vi +command mode, the cursor is always positioned on the last column of +characters which take up more than one column on the screen. +In +.CO vi +text insert mode, the cursor is positioned on the first column of +characters which take up more than one column on the screen. +.pp +When positioning the cursor to a new line and column, +the type of movement is defined by the distance to the new cursor position. +If the new position is close, +the screen is scrolled to the new location. +If the new position is far away, +the screen is repainted so that the new position is on the screen. +If the screen is scrolled, +it is moved a minimal amount, +and the cursor line will usually appear at the top or bottom of the screen. +If the screen is repainted, +the cursor line will appear in the center of the screen, +unless the cursor is sufficiently close to the beginning or end of the file +that this isn't possible. +If the +.OP leftright +option is set, the screen may be scrolled or repainted in a horizontal +direction as well as in a vertical one. +.pp +A major difference between the historical +.CO vi +presentation and +.CO nvi +is in the scrolling and screen oriented position commands, +.CO <control-B> , +.CO <control-D> , +.CO <control-E> , +.CO <control-F> , +.CO <control-U> , +.CO <control-Y> , +.CO H , +.CO L +and +.CO M . +In historical implementations of +.CO vi , +these commands acted on physical (as opposed to logical, or screen) +lines. +For lines that were sufficiently long in relation to the size of the +screen, this meant that single line scroll commands might repaint the +entire screen, scrolling or screen positioning commands might not change +the screen or move the cursor at all, and some lines simply could not +be displayed, even though +.CO vi +would edit the file that contained them. +In +.CO nvi , +these commands act on logical, i.e. screen lines. +You are unlikely to notice any difference unless you are editing files +with lines significantly longer than a screen width. +.pp +.CO Vi +keeps track of the currently +.QQ "most attractive" +cursor position. +Each command description (for commands that alter the current cursor +position), +specifies if the cursor is set to a specific location in the line, +or if it is moved to the +.QQ "most attractive cursor position" . +The latter means that the cursor is moved to the cursor position that +is horizontally as close as possible to the current cursor position. +If the current line is shorter than the cursor position +.CO vi +would select, the cursor is positioned on the last character in the line. +(If the line is empty, the cursor is positioned on the first column +of the line.) +If a command moves the cursor to the most attractive position, +it does not alter the current cursor position, and a subsequent +movement will again attempt to move the cursor to that position. +Therefore, although a movement to a line shorter than the currently +most attractive position will cause the cursor to move to the end of +that line, a subsequent movement to a longer line will cause the +cursor to move back to the most attractive position. +.pp +In addition, the +.CO $ +command makes the end of each line the most attractive cursor position +rather than a specific column. +.pp +Each +.CO vi +command described below notes where the cursor ends up after it is +executed. +This position is described in terms of characters on the line, i.e. +.QQ "the previous character" , +or, +.QQ "the last character in the line" . +This is to avoid needing to continually refer to on what part of the +character the cursor rests. +.pp +The following words have special meaning for +.CO vi +commands. +.KY "previous context" +.IP "previous context" +The position of the cursor before the command which caused the +last absolute movement was executed. +Each +.CO vi +command described in the next section that is considered an +absolute movement is so noted. +In addition, specifying +.i any +address to an +.CO ex +command is considered an absolute movement. +.KY "motion" +.IP "motion" +A second +.CO vi +command can be used as an optional trailing argument to the +.CO vi +.CO \&< , +.CO \&> , +.CO \&! , +.CO \&c , +.CO \&d , +.CO \&y , +and (depending on the +.OP tildeop +option) +.CO \&~ +commands. +This command indicates the end of the region of text that's affected by +the command. +The motion command may be either the command character repeated (in +which case it means the current line) or a cursor movement command. +In the latter case, the region affected by the command is from the +starting or stopping cursor position which comes first in the file, +to immediately before the starting or stopping cursor position which +comes later in the file. +Commands that operate on lines instead of using beginning and ending +cursor positions operate on all of the lines that are wholly or +partially in the region. +In addition, some other commands become line oriented depending on +where in the text they are used. +The command descriptions below note these special cases. +.sp +The following commands may all be used as motion components for +.CO vi +commands: +.sp +.ne 12v +.ft C +.TS +r r r r. +<control-A> <control-H> <control-J> <control-M> +<control-N> <control-P> <space> $ +% '<character> ( ) ++ , - / +0 ; ? B +E F G H +L M N T +W [[ ]] ^ +\&_ `<character> b e +f h j k +l n t w +{ | } +.TE +.ft R +.sp +The optional count prefix available for some of the +.CO vi +commands that take motion commands, +or the count prefix available for the +.CO vi +commands that are used as motion components, +may be included and is +.i always +considered part of the motion argument. +For example, the commands +.QT c2w +and +.QT 2cw +are equivalent, and the region affected by the +.CO c +command is two words of text. +In addition, +if the optional count prefix is specified for both the +.CO vi +command and its motion component, +the effect is multiplicative and is considered part of the motion argument. +For example, the commands +.QT 4cw +and +.QT 2c2w +are equivalent, and the region affected by the +.CO c +command is four words of text. +.KY "count" +.IP "count" +A positive number used as an optional argument to most commands, +either to give a size or a position (for display or movement commands), +or as a repeat count (for commands that modify text). +The count argument is always optional and defaults to 1 unless otherwise +noted in the command description. +.sp +When a +.CO vi +command synopsis shows both a +.LI [buffer] +and +.LI [count] , +they may be presented in any order. +.KY word +.IP word +Generally, in languages where it is applicable, +.CO vi +recognizes two kinds of words. +First, a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, +delimited at both ends by: +characters other than letters, digits, or underscores, +the beginning or end of a line, and the beginning or end of the file. +Second, a sequence of characters other than letters, digits, underscores, +or whitespace characters, delimited at both ends by: a letter, digit, +underscore, or whitespace character, +the beginning or end of a line, and the beginning or end of the file. +For example, the characters +.QT " !@#abc$%^ " +contain three words: +.QT "!@#" , +.QT "abc" +and +.QT "$%^" . +.sp +Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters) +are treated as a single word. +.KY "bigword" +.IP "bigword" +A set of non-whitespace characters preceded and followed by whitespace +characters or the beginning or end of the file or line. +For example, the characters +.QT " !@#abc$%^ " +contain one bigword: +.QT "!@#abc$%^" . +.sp +Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters) +are treated as a single bigword. +.KY "paragraph" +.IP "paragraph" +An area of text that begins with either the beginning of a file, +an empty line, or a section boundary, and continues until either +an empty line, section boundary, or the end of the file. +.sp +Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters) +are treated as a single paragraph. +.sp +Additional paragraph boundaries can be defined using the +.OP paragraphs +option. +.KY "section" +.IP "section" +An area of text that starts with the beginning of the file or a line +whose first character is an open brace +.PQ { +and continues until the next section or the end of the file. +.sp +Additional section boundaries can be defined using the +.OP sections +option. +.KY "sentence" +.IP "sentence" +An area of text that begins with either the beginning of the file or the +first nonblank character following the previous sentence, paragraph, or +section boundary and continues until the end of the file or a period +.PQ \&. +exclamation point +.PQ ! +or question mark +.PQ ? +character, +followed by either an end-of-line or two whitespace characters. +Any number of closing parentheses +.PQ ) , +brackets +.PQ ] , +double-quote +.PQ """" +or single quote +.PQ ' +characters can appear between the period, exclamation point, +or question mark and the whitespace characters or end-of-line. +.sp +Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters) +are treated as a single sentence. +.SH 1 "Vi Commands" +.pp +The following section describes the commands available in the command +mode of the +.CO vi +editor. +In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command +character. +In addition, the final line and column the cursor rests upon, +and any options which affect the command are noted. +.KY <control-A> +.IP "[count] <control-A>" +Search forward +.LI count +times for the current word. +The current word begins at the first non-whitespace character on or +after the current cursor position, +and extends up to the next non-word character or the end of the line. +The search is literal, i.e. no characters in the word have any special +meaning in terms of Regular Expressions. +It is an error if no matching pattern is found between the starting position +and the end of the file. +.sp +The +.CO <control-A> +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO <control-A> +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line where the word is found. +.SP Column: +Set to the first character of the word. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP ignorecase +and +.OP wrapscan +options. +.SE +.KY <control-B> +.IP "[count] <control-B>" +Page backward +.LI count +screens. +Two lines of overlap are maintained, if possible, +by displaying the window starting at line +.LI "(top_line - count * window_size) + 2" , +where +.LI window_size +is the value of the +.OP window +option. +(In the case of split screens, this size is corrected to the +current screen size.) +It is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line of text displayed on the screen. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP window +option. +.SE +.KY <control-D> +.IP "[count] <control-D>" +Scroll forward +.LI count +lines. +If +.LI count +is not specified, scroll forward the number of lines specified by the last +.CO <control-D> +or +.CO <control-U> +command. +If this is the first +.CO <control-D> +or +.CO <control-U> +command, +scroll forward half the number of lines in the screen. +(In the case of split screens, the default scrolling distance is +corrected to half the current screen size.) +It is an error if the movement is past the end of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line plus the number of lines scrolled. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-E> +.IP "[count] <control-E>" +Scroll forward +.LI count +lines, leaving the cursor on the current line and column, if possible. +It is an error if the movement is past the end of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen, +in which case it is set to the first line on the screen. +.SP Column: +Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen, +in which case it is set to the most attractive cursor position. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-F> +.IP "[count] <control-F>" +Page forward +.LI count +screens. +Two lines of overlap are maintained, if possible, +by displaying the window starting at line +.LI "top_line + count * window_size - 2" , +where +.LI window_size +is the value of the +.OP window +option. +(In the case of split screens, this size is corrected to the +current screen size.) +It is an error if the movement is past the end of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the first line on the screen. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the current line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP window +option. +.SE +.KY <control-G> +.IP "<control-G>" +Display the file information. +The information includes the current pathname, the current line, +the number of total lines in the file, the current line as a percentage +of the total lines in the file, if the file has been modified, +was able to be locked, if the file's name has been changed, +and if the edit session is read-only. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-H> +.IP "[count] <control-H>" +.Ip "[count] h" +Move the cursor back +.LI count +characters in the current line. +It is an error if the cursor is on the first character in the line. +.sp +The +.CO <control-H> +and +.CO h +commands may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, +in which case any text copied into a buffer is character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the +.LI "current - count" +character, or, the first character in the line if +.LI count +is greater than or equal to the number of characters in the line +before the cursor. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-J> +.IP "[count] <control-J>" +.KY <control-N> +.Ip "[count] <control-N>" +.KY j +.Ip "[count] j" +Move the cursor down +.LI count +lines without changing the current column. +It is an error if the movement is past the end of the file. +.sp +The +.CO <control-J> , +.CO <control-N> +and +.CO j +commands may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line plus +.LI count . +.SP Column: +The most attractive cursor position. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-L> +.IP "<control-L>" +.KY <control-R> +.Ip "<control-R>" +Repaint the screen. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-M> +.IP "[count] <control-M>" +.KY + +.Ip "[count] +" +Move the cursor down +.LI count +lines to the first nonblank character of that line. +It is an error if the movement is past the end of the file. +.sp +The +.CO <control-M> +and +.CO + +commands may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line plus +.LI count . +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-P> +.IP "[count] <control-P>" +.KY k +.Ip "[count] k" +Move the cursor up +.LI count +lines, without changing the current column. +It is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file. +.sp +The +.CO <control-P> +and +.CO k +commands may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line minus +.LI count . +.SP Column: +The most attractive cursor position. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-T> +.IP "<control-T>" +Return to the most recent tag context. +The +.CO <control-T> +command is an absolute movement. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the context of the previous tag command. +.SP Column: +Set to the context of the previous tag command. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-U> +.IP "[count] <control-U>" +Scroll backward +.LI count +lines. +If +.LI count +is not specified, scroll backward the number of lines specified by the +last +.CO <control-D> +or +.CO <control-U> +command. +If this is the first +.CO <control-D> +or +.CO <control-U> +command, +scroll backward half the number of lines in the screen. +(In the case of split screens, the default scrolling distance is +corrected to half the current screen size.) +It is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line minus the amount scrolled. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-W> +.IP "<control-W>" +Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the first +screen if there are no lower screens in the window. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the previous cursor position in the window. +.SP Column: +Set to the previous cursor position in the window. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-Y> +.IP "[count] <control-Y>" +Scroll backward +.LI count +lines, leaving the current line and column as is, if possible. +It is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen, +in which case it is set to the last line of text displayed +on the screen. +.SP Column: +Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen, +in which case it is the most attractive cursor position. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-Z> +.IP "<control-Z>" +Suspend the current editor session. +If the file has been modified since it was last completely written, +and the +.OP autowrite +option is set, the file is written before the editor session is +suspended. +If this write fails, the editor session is not suspended. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite +option. +.SE +.KY <escape> +.IP "<escape>" +Execute +.CO ex +commands or cancel partial commands. +If an +.CO ex +command is being entered (e.g. +.CO / , +.CO ? , +.CO : +or +.CO ! ), +the command is executed. +If a partial command has been entered, e.g. +.QT "[0-9]*" , +or +.QT "[0-9]*[!<>cdy]" , +the command is cancelled. +Otherwise, it is an error. +.SS +.SP Line: +When an +.CO ex +command is being executed, the current line is set as described for +that command. +Otherwise, unchanged. +.SP Column: +When an +.CO ex +command is being executed, the current column is set as described for +that command. +Otherwise, unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY <control-]> +.IP "<control-]>" +Push a tag reference onto the tag stack. +The tags files (see the +.OP tags +option for more information) are searched for a tag matching the +current word. +The current word begins at the first non-whitespace character on or +after the current cursor position, +and extends up to the next non-word character or the end of the line. +If a matching tag is found, the current file is discarded and the +file containing the tag reference is edited. +.sp +If the current file has been modified since it was last completely +written, the command will fail. +The +.CO <control-]> +command is an absolute movement. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the matching tag string. +.SP Column: +Set to the start of the matching tag string. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP tags +and +.OP taglength +options. +.SE +.KY <control-^> +.IP "<control-^>" +Switch to the most recently edited file. +.sp +If the file has been modified since it was last completely written, +and the +.OP autowrite +option is set, the file is written out. +If this write fails, the command will fail. +Otherwise, if the current file has been modified since it was last +completely written, the command will fail. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line the cursor was on when the file was last edited. +.SP Column: +Set to the column the cursor was on when the file was last edited. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP autowrite +option. +.SE +.KY <space> +.IP "[count] <space>" +.KY l +.Ip "[count] l" +Move the cursor forward +.LI count +characters without changing the current line. +It is an error if the cursor is on the last character in the line. +.sp +The +.CO <space> +and +.CO \&l +commands may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +In addition, these commands may be used as the motion components +of other commands when the cursor is on the last character in the +line, without error. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the current character plus the next +.LI count +characters, or to the last character on the line if +.LI count +is greater than the number of characters in the line after the +current character. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY ! +.IP "[count] ! motion shell-argument(s)<carriage-return>" +Replace text with results from a shell command. +Pass the lines specified by the +.LI count +and +.LI motion +arguments as standard input to the program named by the +.OP shell +option, and replace those lines with the output (both +standard error and standard output) of that command. +.sp +After the motion is entered, +.CO vi +prompts for arguments to the shell command. +.sp +Within those arguments, +.QT % +and +.QT # +characters are expanded to the current and alternate pathnames, +respectively. +The +.QT ! +character is expanded with the command text of the previous +.CO ! +or +.CO :! +commands. +(Therefore, the command +.CO !<motion>! +repeats the previous +.CO ! +command.) +The special meanings of +.QT % , +.QT # +and +.QT ! +can be overridden by escaping them with a backslash. +If no +.CO ! +or +.CO :! +command has yet been executed, +it is an error to use an unescaped +.QT ! +character as a shell argument. +The +.CO ! +command does +.i not +do shell expansion on the strings provided as arguments. +If any of the above expansions change the arguments the user entered, +the command is redisplayed at the bottom of the screen. +.sp +.CO Vi +then executes the program named by the +.OP shell +option, with a +.b \-c +flag followed by the arguments (which are bundled into a single argument). +.sp +The +.CO ! +command is permitted in an empty file. +.sp +If the file has been modified since it was last completely written, +the +.CO ! +command will warn you. +.SS +.SP Line: +The first line of the replaced text. +.SP Column: +The first column of the replaced text. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP shell +option. +.SE +.KY # +.IP "[count] # #|+|-" +Increment or decrement the number referenced by the cursor. +If the trailing character is a +.LI \&+ +or +.LI \&# , +the number is incremented by +.LI count . +If the trailing character is a +.LI \&- , +the number is decremented by +.LI count . +.sp +A leading +.QT \&0X +or +.QT \&0x +causes the number to be interpreted as a hexadecimal number. +Otherwise, a leading +.QT \&0 +causes the number to be interpreted as an octal number, unless a non-octal +digit is found as part of the number. +Otherwise, the number is interpreted as a decimal number, and may +have a leading +.LI \&+ +or +.LI \&- +sign. +The current number begins at the first non-blank character at or after +the current cursor position, and extends up to the end of the line or +the first character that isn't a possible character for the numeric type. +The format of the number (e.g. leading 0's, signs) is retained unless +the new value cannot be represented in the previous format. +.sp +Octal and hexadecimal numbers, and the result of the operation, must fit +into an +.QT "unsigned long" . +Similarly, decimal numbers and their result must fit into a +.QT "signed long" . +It is an error to use this command when the cursor is not positioned at +a number. +.sp +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the first character in the cursor number. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY $ +.IP "[count] $" +Move the cursor to the end of a line. +If +.LI count +is specified, the cursor moves down +.LI "count - 1" +lines. +.sp +It is not an error to use the +.CO $ +command when the cursor is on the last character in the line or +when the line is empty. +.sp +The +.CO $ +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented, unless the cursor is at, or before the first +nonblank character in the line, in which case it is line oriented. +It is not an error to use the +.CO $ +command as a motion component when the cursor is on the last character +in the line, although it is an error when the line is empty. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line plus +.LI count +minus 1. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY % +.IP % +Move to the matching character. +The cursor moves to the parenthesis or curly brace which +.i matches +the parenthesis or curly brace found at the current cursor position +or which is the closest one to the right of the cursor on the line. +It is an error to execute the +.CO % +command on a line without a parenthesis or curly brace. +Historically, any +.LI count +specified to the +.CO % +command was ignored. +.sp +The +.CO % +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO % +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented, unless the starting point of the region is at +or before the first nonblank character on its line, and the ending +point is at or after the last nonblank character on its line, in +which case it is line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the matching character. +.SP Column: +Set to the matching character. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY & +.IP "&" +Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line. +.sp +Historically, any +.LI count +specified to the +.CO & +command was ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Unchanged if the cursor was on the last character in the line, +otherwise, set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP edcompatible , +.OP extended , +.OP ignorecase +and +.OP magic +options. +.SE +.KY SQUOTE<character> +.IP \'<character> +.KY `<character> +.Ip `<character> +Return to a context marked by the character +.LI <character> . +If +.LI <character> +is the +.QT ' +or +.QT ` +character, return to the previous context. +If +.LI <character> +is any other character, +return to the context marked by that character (see the +.CO m +command for more information). +If the command is the +.CO \' +command, only the line value is restored, +and the cursor is placed on the first nonblank character of that line. +If the command is the +.CO ` +command, both the line and column values are restored. +.sp +It is an error if the context no longer exists because of +line deletion. +(Contexts follow lines that are moved, or which are deleted +and then restored.) +.sp +The +.CO \' +and +.CO ` +commands are both absolute movements. +They may be used as a motion component for other +.CO vi +commands. +For the +.CO \' +command, any text copied into a buffer is line oriented. +For the +.CO ` +command, +any text copied into a buffer is character oriented, +unless it both starts and stops at the first character in the line, +in which case it is line oriented. +In addition, when using the +.CO ` +command as a motion component, +commands which move backward and started at the first character in the line, +or move forward and ended at the first character in the line, +are corrected to the last character of the line preceding the starting and +ending lines, respectively. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line from the context. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line, for the +.CO \' +command, and set to the context's column for the +.CO ` +command. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY ( +.IP "[count] (" +Back up +.LI count +sentences. +.sp +The +.CO ( +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO ( +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, +in which case any text copied into a buffer is character oriented, +unless the starting and stopping points of the region are the first +character in the line, +in which case it is line oriented. +If it is line oriented, +the starting point of the region is adjusted to be the end of the line +immediately before the starting cursor position. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the beginning of the sentence. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the sentence. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP lisp +option. +.SE +.KY ) +.IP "[count] )" +Move forward +.LI count +sentences. +.sp +The +.CO ) +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO ) +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented, unless the starting point of the region is the +first character in the line, in which case it is line oriented. +In the latter case, if the stopping point of the region is also +the first character in the line, it is adjusted to be the end of the +line immediately before it. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the beginning of the sentence. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the sentence. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP lisp +option. +.SE +.KY , +.IP "[count] ," +Reverse find character +.LI count +times. +Reverse the last +.CO F , +.CO f , +.CO T +or +.CO t +command, searching the other way in the line, +.LI count +times. +It is an error if a +.CO F , +.CO f , +.CO T +or +.CO t +command has not been performed yet. +.sp +The +.CO , +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the searched-for character for the +.CO F +and +.CO f +commands, +before the character for the +.CO t +command +and after the character for the +.CO T +command. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY MINUSSIGN +.IP "[count] \-" +Move to the first nonblank of the previous line, +.LI count +times. +.sp +It is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file. +.sp +The +.CO - +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the current line minus +.LI count . +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY \&. +.IP "[count] \&." +Repeat the last +.CO vi +command that modified text. +The repeated command may be a command and motion component combination. +If +.LI count +is specified, it replaces +.i both +the count specified for the repeated command, and, if applicable, for +the repeated motion component. +If +.LI count +is not specified, the counts originally specified to the command being +repeated are used again. +.sp +As a special case, if the +.CO \. +command is executed immediately after the +.CO u +command, the change log is rolled forward or backward, depending on +the action of the +.CO u +command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set as described for the repeated command. +.SP Column: +Set as described for the repeated command. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY /RE/ +.IP "/RE<carriage-return>" +.Ip "/RE/ [offset]<carriage-return>" +.KY ?RE? +.Ip "?RE<carriage-return>" +.Ip "?RE? [offset]<carriage-return>" +.KY N +.Ip "N" +.KY n +.Ip "n" +Search forward or backward for a regular expression. +The commands beginning with a slash +.PQ / +character are forward searches, the commands beginning with a +question mark +.PQ ? +are backward searches. +.CO Vi +prompts with the leading character on the last line of the screen +for a string. +It then searches forward or backward in the file for the next +occurrence of the string, which is interpreted as a Basic Regular +Expression. +.sp +The +.CO / +and +.CO ? +commands are absolute movements. +They may be used as the motion components of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented, unless the search started and ended on +the first column of a line, in which case it is line oriented. +In addition, forward searches ending at the first character of a line, +and backward searches beginning at the first character in the line, +are corrected to begin or end at the last character of the previous line. +(Note, forward and backward searches can occur for both +.CO / +and +.CO ? +commands, if the +.OP wrapscan +option is set.) +.sp +If an offset from the matched line is specified (i.e. a trailing +.QT / +or +.QT ? +character is followed by a signed offset), the buffer will always +be line oriented (e.g. +.QT /string/+0 +will always guarantee a line orientation). +.sp +The +.CO N +command repeats the previous search, but in the reverse direction. +The +.CO n +command repeats the previous search. +If either the +.CO N +or +.CO n +commands are used as motion components for the +.CO ! +command, you will not be prompted for the text of the bang command, +instead the previous bang command will be executed. +.sp +Missing RE's (e.g. +.QT //<carriage-return> , +.QT /<carriage-return> , +.QT ??<carriage-return> , +or +.QT ?<carriage-return> +search for the last search RE, in the indicated direction. +.sp +Searches may be interrupted using the +.LI <interrupt> +character. +.sp +Multiple search patterns may be grouped together by delimiting +them with semicolons and zero or more whitespace characters, e.g. +.LI "/foo/ ; ?bar?" +searches forward for +.LI foo +and then, from that location, backwards for +.LI bar . +When search patterns are grouped together in this manner, +the search patterns are evaluated left to right with the +final cursor position determined by the last search pattern. +.sp +It is also permissible to append a +.CO z +command to the search strings, e.g. +.LI "/foo/ z." +searches forward for the next occurrence of +.LI foo , +and then positions that line in the middle of screen. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line in which the match occurred. +.SP Column: +Set to the first character of the matched string. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP edcompatible , +.OP extended , +.OP ignorecase , +.OP magic , +and +.OP wrapscan +options. +.SE +.KY 0 +.IP "0" +Move to the first character in the current line. +It is not an error to use the +.CO 0 +command when the cursor is on the first character in the line, +.sp +The +.CO 0 +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, +in which case it is an error if the cursor is on the first character +in the line, +and any text copied into a buffer is character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the first character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY : +.IP ":" +Execute an +.CO ex +command. +.CO Vi +prompts for an +.CO ex +command on the last line of the screen, using a colon +.PQ : +character. +The command is terminated by a +.LI <carriage-return> , +.LI <newline> +or +.LI <escape> +character; all of these characters may be escaped by using a +.LI "<literal-next>" +character. +The command is then executed. +.sp +If the +.CO ex +command writes to the screen, +.CO vi +will prompt the user for a +.LI <carriage-return> +before continuing +when the +.CO ex +command finishes. +Large amounts of output from the +.CO ex +command will be paged for the user, and the user prompted for a +.LI <carriage-return> +or +.LI <space> +key to continue. +In some cases, a quit (normally a +.QQ q +character) or +.LI <interrupt> +may be entered to interrupt the +.CO ex +command. +.sp +When the +.CO ex +command finishes, and the user is prompted to resume visual mode, +it is also possible to enter another +.QT : +character followed by another +.CO ex +command. +.SS +.SP Line: +The current line is set as described for the +.CO ex +command. +.SP Column: +The current column is set as described for the +.CO ex +command. +.SP Options: +Affected as described for the +.CO ex +command. +.SE +.KY ; +.IP "[count] ;" +Repeat the last character find +.LI count +times. +The last character find is one of the +.CO F , +.CO f , +.CO T +or +.CO t +commands. +It is an error if a +.CO F , +.CO f , +.CO T +or +.CO t +command has not been performed yet. +.sp +The +.CO ; +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the searched-for character for the +.CO F +and +.CO f +commands, +before the character for the +.CO t +command +and after the character for the +.CO T +command. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY < +.IP "[count] < motion" +.KY > +.Ip "[count] > motion" +Shift lines left or right. +Shift the number of lines in the region specified by the +.LI count +and +.LI motion +left (for the +.CO < +command) or right (for the +.CO > +command) by the number of columns specified by the +.OP shiftwidth +option. +Only whitespace characters are deleted when shifting left. +Once the first character in the line no longer contains a whitespace +character, the command will succeed, +but the line will not be modified. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP shiftwidth +option. +.SE +.KY @ +.IP "@ buffer" +Execute a named buffer. +Execute the named buffer as +.CO vi +commands. +The buffer may include +.CO ex +commands, too, but they must be expressed as a +.CO : +command. +If the buffer is line oriented, +.LI <newline> +characters are logically appended to each line of the buffer. +If the buffer is character oriented, +.LI <newline> +characters are logically appended to all but the last line in the buffer. +.sp +If the buffer name is +.QT @ , +or +.QT * , +then the last buffer executed shall be used. +It is an error to specify +.QT @@ +or +.QT @* +if there were no previous buffer executions. +The text of a buffer may contain a +.CO @ +command, +and it is possible to create infinite loops in this manner. +(The +.LI <interrupt> +character may be used to interrupt the loop.) +.SS +.SP Line: +The current line is set as described for the command(s). +.SP Column: +The current column is set as described for the command(s). +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY A +.IP "[count] A" +Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line. +If +.LI count +is specified, the text is repeatedly input +.LI "count - 1" +more times after input mode is exited. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY B +.IP "[count] B" +Move backward +.LI count +bigwords. +Move the cursor backward to the beginning of a bigword by repeating the +following algorithm: if the current position is at the beginning of a +bigword or the character at the current position cannot be part of a bigword, +move to the first character of the preceding bigword. +Otherwise, move to the first character of the bigword at the current position. +If no preceding bigword exists on the current line, move to the first +character of the last bigword on the first preceding line that contains a +bigword. +.sp +The +.CO B +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the word selected. +.SP Column: +Set to the first character of the word selected. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY C +.IP "[buffer] [count] C" +Change text from the current position to the end-of-line. +If +.LI count +is specified, the input text replaces from the current position to +the end-of-line, plus +.LI "count - 1" +subsequent lines. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY D +.IP "[buffer] D" +Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line. +.sp +It is not an error to execute the +.CO D +command on an empty line. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the character before the current character, or, column 1 if +the cursor was on column 1. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY E +.IP "[count] E" +Move forward +.LI count +end-of-bigwords. +Move the cursor forward to the end of a bigword by repeating the +following algorithm: if the current position is the end of a +bigword or the character at that position cannot be part of a bigword, +move to the last character of the following bigword. +Otherwise, move to the last character of the bigword at the current +position. +If no succeeding bigword exists on the current line, +move to the last character of the first bigword on the next following +line that contains a bigword. +.sp +The +.CO E +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the word selected. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character of the word selected. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY F +.IP "[count] F <character>" +Search +.LI count +times backward through the current line for +.LI <character> . +.sp +The +.CO F +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the searched-for character. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY G +.IP "[count] G" +Move to line +.LI count , +or the last line of the file if +.LI count +not specified. +.sp +The +.CO G +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO \&G +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to +.LI count , +if specified, otherwise, the last line. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY H +.IP "[count] H" +Move to the screen line +.LI "count - 1" +lines below the top of the screen. +.sp +The +.CO H +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO H +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line +.LI "count - 1" +lines below the top of the screen. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the +.i screen +line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY I +.IP "[count] I" +Enter input mode, inserting the text at the beginning of the line. +If +.LI count +is specified, the text input is repeatedly input +.LI "count - 1" +more times. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY J +.IP "[count] J" +Join lines. +If +.LI count +is specified, +.LI count +lines are joined; a minimum of two lines are always joined, +regardless of the value of +.LI count . +.sp +If the current line ends with a whitespace character, all whitespace +is stripped from the next line. +Otherwise, if the next line starts with a open parenthesis +.PQ ( +do nothing. +Otherwise, if the current line ends with a question mark +.PQ ? , +period +.PQ \&. +or exclamation point +.PQ ! , +insert two spaces. +Otherwise, insert a single space. +.sp +It is not an error to join lines past the end of the file, +i.e. lines that do not exist. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the character after the last character of the next-to-last +joined line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY L +.IP "[count] L" +Move to the screen line +.LI "count - 1" +lines above the bottom of the screen. +.sp +The +.CO L +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO L +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line +.LI "count - 1" +lines above the bottom of the screen. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the +.i screen +line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY M +.IP " M" +Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen. +.sp +The +.CO M +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO M +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.sp +Historically, any +.LI count +specified to the +.CO M +command was ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line in the middle of the screen. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the +.i screen +line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY O +.IP "[count] O" +Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current line. +If +.LI count +is specified, the text input is repeatedly input +.LI "count - 1" +more times. +.sp +Historically, any +.LI count +specified to the +.CO O +command was ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY P +.IP "[buffer] P" +Insert text from a buffer. +Text from the buffer (the unnamed buffer by default) is inserted +before the current column or, if the buffer is line oriented, +before the current line. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the lowest numbered line insert, +if the buffer is line oriented, otherwise unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the appended text, +if the buffer is line oriented, otherwise, the last character +of the appended text. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY Q +.IP "Q" +Exit +.CO vi +(or visual) mode and switch to +.CO ex +mode. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +No longer relevant. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY R +.IP "[count] R" +Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line. +If +.LI count +is specified, the text input is repeatedly input +.LI "count - 1" +more times. +.sp +If the end of the current line is reached, no more characters are +replaced and any further characters input are appended to the line. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY S +.IP "[buffer] [count] S" +Substitute +.LI count +lines. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY T +.IP "[count] T <character>" +Search backward, +.LI count +times, +through the current line for the character +.i after +the specified +.LI <character> . +.sp +The +.CO T +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the character +.i after +the searched-for character. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY U +.IP "U" +Restore the current line to its state before the cursor last +moved to it. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +The first character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY W +.IP "[count] W" +Move forward +.LI count +bigwords. +Move the cursor forward to the beginning of a bigword by repeating the +following algorithm: if the current position is within a bigword or the +character at that position cannot be part of a bigword, move to the first +character of the next bigword. +If no subsequent bigword exists on the current line, +move to the first character of the first bigword on the first following +line that contains a bigword. +.sp +The +.CO W +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +The line containing the word selected. +.SP Column: +The first character of the word selected. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY X +.IP "[buffer] [count] X" +Delete +.LI count +characters before the cursor. +If the number of characters to be deleted is greater than or equal to +the number of characters to the beginning of the line, all of the +characters before the current cursor position, to the beginning of the +line, are deleted. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the current character minus +.LI count , +or the first character if count is greater than the number of +characters in the line before the cursor. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY Y +.IP "[buffer] [count] Y" +Copy (or +.QQ yank ) +.LI count +lines into the specified buffer. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY ZZ +.IP "ZZ" +Write the file and exit +.CO vi . +The file is only written if it has been modified since the last +complete write of the file to any file. +.sp +The +.CO ZZ +command will exit the editor after writing the file, +if there are no further files to edit. +Entering two +.QQ quit +commands (i.e. +.CO wq , +.CO quit , +.CO xit +or +.CO ZZ ) +in a row will override this check and the editor will exit, +ignoring any files that have not yet been edited. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY [[ +.IP "[count] [[" +Back up +.LI count +section boundaries. +.sp +The +.CO [[ +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO [[ +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented, unless the starting position is column 0, +in which case it is line oriented. +.sp +It is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the previous line that is +.LI count +section boundaries back, +or the first line of the file if no more section boundaries exist +preceding the current line. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP sections +option. +.SE +.KY ]] +.IP "[count] ]]" +Move forward +.LI count +section boundaries. +.sp +The +.CO ]] +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO ]] +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented, unless the starting position is column 0, +in which case it is line oriented. +.sp +It is an error if the movement is past the end of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line that is +.LI count +section boundaries forward, +or to the last line of the file if no more section +boundaries exist following the current line. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP sections +option. +.SE +.KY ^ +.IP "\&^" +Move to first nonblank character on the current line. +.sp +The +.CO ^ +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the current line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY _ +.IP "[count] _" +Move down +.LI "count - 1" +lines, to the first nonblank character. +The +.CO _ +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +line oriented. +.sp +It is not an error to execute the +.CO _ +command when the cursor is on the first character in the line. +.SS +.SP Line: +The current line plus +.LI "count - 1" . +.SP Column: +The first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY a +.IP "[count] a" +Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor. +If +.LI count +is specified, the text input is repeatedly input +.LI "count - 1" +more times. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY b +.IP "[count] b" +Move backward +.LI count +words. +Move the cursor backward to the beginning of a word by repeating the +following algorithm: if the current position is at the beginning of a word, +move to the first character of the preceding word. +Otherwise, the current position moves to the first character of the word +at the current position. +If no preceding word exists on the current line, move to the first +character of the last word on the first preceding line that contains +a word. +.sp +The +.CO b +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the word selected. +.SP Column: +Set to the first character of the word selected. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY c +.IP "[buffer] [count] c motion" +Change the region of text specified by the +.LI count +and +.LI motion . +If only part of a single line is affected, then the last character +being changed is marked with a +.QT $ . +Otherwise, the region of text is deleted, and input mode is entered. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY d +.IP "[buffer] [count] d motion" +Delete the region of text specified by the +.LI count +and +.LI motion . +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line where the region starts. +.SP Column: +Set to the first character in the line after the last character in the +region. +If no such character exists, set to the last character before the region. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY e +.IP "[count] e" +Move forward +.LI count +end-of-words. +Move the cursor forward to the end of a word by repeating the following +algorithm: if the current position is the end of a word, +move to the last character of the following word. +Otherwise, move to the last character of the word at the current position. +If no succeeding word exists on the current line, move to the last character +of the first word on the next following line that contains a word. +.sp +The +.CO e +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the word selected. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character of the word selected. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY f +.IP "[count] f <character>" +Search forward, +.LI count +times, through the rest of the current line for +.LI <character> . +.sp +The +.CO f +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the searched-for character. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY i +.IP "[count] i" +Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor. +If +.LI count +is specified, the text input is repeatedly input +.LI "count - 1" +more times. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY m +.IP "m <character>" +Save the current context (line and column) as +.LI <character> . +The exact position is referred to by +.QT `<character> . +The line is referred to by +.QT '<character> . +.sp +Historically, +.LI <character> +was restricted to lower-case letters. +.CO Nvi +permits the use of any character. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Unchanged. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY o +.IP "[count] o" +Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current line. +If +.LI count +is specified, the text input is repeatedly input +.LI "count - 1" +more times. +.sp +Historically, any +.LI count +specified to the +.CO o +command was ignored. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY p +.IP "[buffer] p" +Append text from a buffer. +Text from the buffer (the unnamed buffer by default) is appended +after the current column or, if the buffer is line oriented, +after the current line. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the first line appended, if the buffer is line oriented, +otherwise unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character of the appended text if the buffer +is line oriented, otherwise, the last character of the appended text. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY r +.IP "[count] r <character>" +Replace characters. +The next +.LI count +characters in the line are replaced with +.LI <character> . +Replacing characters with +.LI <newline> +characters results in creating new, empty lines into the file. +.sp +If +.LI <character> +is +.LI <escape> , +the command is cancelled. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged unless the replacement character is a +.LI <newline> , +in which case it is set to the current line plus +.LI "count - 1" . +.SP Column: +Set to the last character replaced, +unless the replacement character is a +.LI <newline> , +in which case the cursor is in column 1 of the last line inserted. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY s +.IP "[buffer] [count] s" +Substitute +.LI count +characters in the current line starting with the current character. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the last line upon which characters were entered. +.SP Column: +Set to the last character entered. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP altwerase , +.OP autoindent , +.OP beautify , +.OP showmatch , +.OP ttywerase +and +.OP wrapmargin +options. +.SE +.KY t +.IP "[count] t <character>" +Search forward, +.LI count +times, through the current line for the character immediately +.i before +.LI <character> . +.sp +The +.CO t +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the character +.i before +the searched-for character. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY u +.IP "u" +Undo the last change made to the file. +If repeated, the +.CO u +command alternates between these two states, and is its own inverse. +When used after an insert that inserted text on more than one line, +the lines are saved in the numeric buffers. +.sp +The +.CO \&. +command, when used immediately after the +.CO u +command, causes the change log to be rolled forward or backward, +depending on the action of the +.CO u +command. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the position of the first line changed, if the reversal affects +only one line or represents an addition or change; otherwise, the line +preceding the deleted text. +.SP Column: +Set to the cursor position before the change was made. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY w +.IP "[count] w" +Move forward +.LI count +words. +Move the cursor forward to the beginning of a word by repeating the +following algorithm: if the current position is at the +beginning of a word, move to the first character of the next word. +If no subsequent word exists on the current line, move to the first +character of the first word on the first following line that contains +a word. +.sp +The +.CO w +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the word selected. +.SP Column: +Set to the first character of the word selected. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY x +.IP "[buffer] [count] x" +Delete +.LI count +characters. +The deletion is at the current character position. +If the number of characters to be deleted is greater than or equal to +the number of characters to the end of the line, all of the characters +from the current cursor position to the end of the line are deleted. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Unchanged unless the last character in the line is deleted and the cursor +is not already on the first character in the line, in which case it is +set to the previous character. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY y +.IP "[buffer] [count] y motion" +Copy (or +.QQ yank ) +the text region specified by the +.LI count +and +.LI motion , +into a buffer. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged, unless the region covers more than a single line, +in which case it is set to the line where the region starts. +.SP Column: +Unchanged, unless the region covers more than a single line, +in which case it is set to the character were the region starts. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY z +.IP "[count1] z [count2] type" +Redraw the screen with a window +.LI count2 +lines long, with line +.LI count1 +placed as specified by the +.LI type +character. +If +.LI count1 +is not specified, it defaults to the current line. +If +.LI count2 +is not specified, it defaults to the current window size. +.sp +The following +.LI type +characters may be used: +.SS +.SP + +If +.LI count1 +is specified, place the line +.LI count1 +at the top of the screen. +Otherwise, display the screen after the current screen, similarly to the +.CO <control-F> +command. +.SP <carriage-return> +Place the line +.LI count1 +at the top of the screen. +.SP \&. +Place the line +.LI count1 +in the center of the screen. +.SP \- +Place the line +.LI count1 +at the bottom of the screen. +.SP ^ +If +.LI count1 +is specified, place the line that is at the top of the screen +when +.LI count1 +is at the bottom of the screen, at the bottom of the screen, +i.e. display the screen before the screen before +.LI count1 . +Otherwise, display the screen before the current screen, similarly to the +.CO <control-B> +command. +.SE +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to +.LI count1 +unless +.LI count1 +is not specified and the +.LI type +character was either +.QT ^ +or +.QT + , +in which case it is set to the line before the first line on the +previous screen or the line after the last line on the previous +screen, respectively. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY { +.IP "[count] {" +Move backward +.LI count +paragraphs. +.sp +The +.CO { +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO { +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented, unless the starting character is the first +character on its line, in which case it is line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the beginning of the previous paragraph. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP paragraph +option. +.SE +.KY | +.IP "[count] |" +Move to a specific +.i column +position on the current line. +.sp +The +.CO | +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented. +It is an error to use the +.CO | +command as a motion component and for the cursor not to move. +.SS +.SP Line: +Unchanged. +.SP Column: +Set to the character occupying the column position identified by +.LI count , +if the position exists in the line. +If the column length of the current line is less than +.LI count , +the cursor is moved to the last character in the line. +.SP Options: +None. +.SE +.KY } +.IP "[count] }" +Move forward +.LI count +paragraphs. +.sp +The +.CO } +command is an absolute movement. +The +.CO } +command may be used as the motion component of other +.CO vi +commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is +character oriented, unless the starting character is at or +before any nonblank characters in its line, +in which case it is line oriented. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line containing the beginning of the next paragraph. +.SP Column: +Set to the first nonblank character in the line. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP paragraph +option. +.SE +.KY ~ +.IP "[count] ~" +Reverse the case of the next +.LI count +character(s). +This is the historic semantic for the +.CO ~ +command and it is only in effect if the +.OP tildeop +option is not set. +.sp +Lowercase alphabetic characters are changed to uppercase, +and uppercase characters are changed to lowercase. +No other characters are affected. +.sp +Historically, the +.CO ~ +command did not take an associated count, nor did it move past the +end of the current line. +As it had no associated motion it was difficult to change the case +of large blocks of text. +In +.CO nvi , +if the cursor is on the last character of a line, and there are +more lines in the file, the cursor moves to the next line. +.sp +It is not an error to specify a count larger than the number of +characters between the cursor and the end of the file. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line of the character after +.LI count +characters, or, end of file. +.SP Column: +Set to the character after +.LI count +characters, or, end-of-file. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP tildeop +option. +.SE +.KY ~ +.IP "[count] ~ motion" +Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by the +.LI count +and +.LI motion . +Only in effect if the +.OP tildeop +option is set. +.sp +Lowercase characters are changed to uppercase, +and uppercase characters are changed to lowercase. +No other characters are affected. +.SS +.SP Line: +Set to the line of the character after the last character in the region. +.SP Column: +Set to the character after the last character in the region. +.SP Options: +Affected by the +.OP tildeop +option. +.SE +.KY <interrupt> +.IP "<interrupt>" +Interrupt the current operation. +Many of the potentially long-running +.CO vi +commands may be interrupted using the terminal interrupt character. +These operations include searches, file reading and writing, filter +operations and map character expansion. +Interrupts are also enabled when running commands outside of +.CO vi . +.sp +If the +.LI <interrupt> +character is used to interrupt while entering an +.CO ex +command, the command is aborted, the cursor returns to its previous +position, and +.CO vi +remains in command mode. +.sp +Generally, if the +.LI <interrupt> +character is used to interrupt any +operation, any changes made before the interrupt are left in place. +.SS +.SP Line: +Dependent on the operation being interrupted. +.SP Column: +Dependent on the operation being interrupted. +.SP Options: +None. +.SH 1 "Vi Text Input Commands" +.pp +The following section describes the commands available in the text +input mode of the +.CO vi +editor. +.pp +Historically, +.CO vi +implementations only permitted the characters inserted on the current +line to be erased. +In addition, only the +.LI <control-D> +erase character and the +.QT 0<control-D> +and +.QT ^<control-D> +erase strings could erase autoindent characters. +(Autoindent characters include both the characters inserted automatically +at the beginning of an input line as well as characters inserted using the +.LI <control-T> +command.) +This implementation permits erasure to continue past the beginning +of the current line, and back to where text input mode was entered. +In addition, autoindent characters may be erased using the standard +erase characters. +For the line and word erase characters, reaching the autoindent +characters forms a +.QQ soft +boundary, denoting the end of the current word or line erase. +Repeating the word or line erase key will erase the autoindent characters. +.pp +Historically, +.CO vi +always used +.LI <control-H> +and +.LI <control-W> +as character and word erase characters, respectively, regardless of +the current terminal settings. +This implementation accepts, in addition to these two characters, +the current terminal characters for those operations. +.KY <nul> +.IP "<nul>" +If the first character of the input is a +.LI <nul> , +the previous input is replayed, as if just entered. +.KY <control-D> +.IP "<control-D>" +If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character, +erase characters to move the cursor back to the column immediately +after the previous (1-based) column which is a multiple of the +.OP shiftwidth +edit option. +This may result in any number of +.LI <tab> +and +.LI <space> +characters preceding the cursor being changed. +.sp +Otherwise, if the +.OP autoindent +option is set and the user is entering the first character in the line, +.LI <control-D> +is ignored. +Otherwise, a literal +.LI <control-D> +character is entered. +.KY ^<control-D> +.IP "^<control-D>" +If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character, +erase all of the autoindent characters on the line. +In addition, the autoindent level is reset to 0. +.KY 0<control-D> +.IP "0<control-D>" +If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character, +erase all of the autoindent characters on the line. +The autoindent level is not altered. +.KY <control-T> +.IP "<control-T>" +Insert sufficient +.LI <tab> +and +.LI <space> +characters to move the cursor forward to the column immediately +after the next (1-based) column which is a multiple of the +.OP shiftwidth +edit option. +This may result in any number of +.LI <tab> +and +.LI <space> +characters preceding the cursor being changed. +.sp +Historically, +.CO vi +did not permit the +.LI <control-T> +command to be used unless the cursor was at the first column of a new +line or it was preceded only by autoindent characters. +.CO Nvi +permits it to be used at any time during insert mode. +.KY <erase> +.IP <erase> +.KY <control-H> +.Ip <control-H> +Erase the last character. +.KY "<literal-next>" +.IP "<literal-next>" +Quote the next character. +The next character will not be mapped (see the +.CO map +command for more information) +or interpreted specially. +A carat +.PQ ^ +character will be displayed immediately as a placeholder, +but will be replaced by the next character. +.KY <escape> +.IP <escape> +If on the colon command line, and the +.OP filec +edit option is set, behave as described for that option. +Otherwise, if on the colon command line, +execute the command. +Otherwise, if not on the colon command line, +resolve all text input into the file, and return to command mode. +.KY "<line erase>" +.IP "<line erase>" +Erase the current line. +.KY "<control-W>" +.IP "<control-W>" +.KY "<word erase>" +.Ip "<word erase>" +Erase the last word. +The definition of word is dependent on the +.OP altwerase +and +.OP ttywerase +options. +.KY "<control-X>" +.IP "<control-X>[0-9A-Fa-f]+" +Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the text. +The value is delimited by any non-hexadecimal character or the input +of the maximum number of characters that can be translated into a single +character value. +.KY <interrupt> +.IP "<interrupt>" +Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode. +If the +.LI <interrupt> +character is used to interrupt inserting text into the file, +it is as if the +.LI <escape> +character was used; all text input up to the interruption is +resolved into the file. |
