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+//===-LTOBackend.cpp - LLVM Link Time Optimizer Backend -------------------===//
+//
+// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file implements the "backend" phase of LTO, i.e. it performs
+// optimization and code generation on a loaded module. It is generally used
+// internally by the LTO class but can also be used independently, for example
+// to implement a standalone ThinLTO backend.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/LTO/LTOBackend.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/CGSCCPassManager.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetTransformInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/Bitcode/BitcodeReader.h"
+#include "llvm/Bitcode/BitcodeWriter.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/LegacyPassManager.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Verifier.h"
+#include "llvm/LTO/LTO.h"
+#include "llvm/LTO/legacy/UpdateCompilerUsed.h"
+#include "llvm/MC/SubtargetFeature.h"
+#include "llvm/Passes/PassBuilder.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/TargetRegistry.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/ThreadPool.h"
+#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/PassManagerBuilder.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar/LoopPassManager.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/FunctionImportUtils.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/SplitModule.h"
+
+using namespace llvm;
+using namespace lto;
+
+LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN static void reportOpenError(StringRef Path, Twine Msg) {
+ errs() << "failed to open " << Path << ": " << Msg << '\n';
+ errs().flush();
+ exit(1);
+}
+
+Error Config::addSaveTemps(std::string OutputFileName,
+ bool UseInputModulePath) {
+ ShouldDiscardValueNames = false;
+
+ std::error_code EC;
+ ResolutionFile = llvm::make_unique<raw_fd_ostream>(
+ OutputFileName + "resolution.txt", EC, sys::fs::OpenFlags::F_Text);
+ if (EC)
+ return errorCodeToError(EC);
+
+ auto setHook = [&](std::string PathSuffix, ModuleHookFn &Hook) {
+ // Keep track of the hook provided by the linker, which also needs to run.
+ ModuleHookFn LinkerHook = Hook;
+ Hook = [=](unsigned Task, const Module &M) {
+ // If the linker's hook returned false, we need to pass that result
+ // through.
+ if (LinkerHook && !LinkerHook(Task, M))
+ return false;
+
+ std::string PathPrefix;
+ // If this is the combined module (not a ThinLTO backend compile) or the
+ // user hasn't requested using the input module's path, emit to a file
+ // named from the provided OutputFileName with the Task ID appended.
+ if (M.getModuleIdentifier() == "ld-temp.o" || !UseInputModulePath) {
+ PathPrefix = OutputFileName + utostr(Task);
+ } else
+ PathPrefix = M.getModuleIdentifier();
+ std::string Path = PathPrefix + "." + PathSuffix + ".bc";
+ std::error_code EC;
+ raw_fd_ostream OS(Path, EC, sys::fs::OpenFlags::F_None);
+ // Because -save-temps is a debugging feature, we report the error
+ // directly and exit.
+ if (EC)
+ reportOpenError(Path, EC.message());
+ WriteBitcodeToFile(&M, OS, /*ShouldPreserveUseListOrder=*/false);
+ return true;
+ };
+ };
+
+ setHook("0.preopt", PreOptModuleHook);
+ setHook("1.promote", PostPromoteModuleHook);
+ setHook("2.internalize", PostInternalizeModuleHook);
+ setHook("3.import", PostImportModuleHook);
+ setHook("4.opt", PostOptModuleHook);
+ setHook("5.precodegen", PreCodeGenModuleHook);
+
+ CombinedIndexHook = [=](const ModuleSummaryIndex &Index) {
+ std::string Path = OutputFileName + "index.bc";
+ std::error_code EC;
+ raw_fd_ostream OS(Path, EC, sys::fs::OpenFlags::F_None);
+ // Because -save-temps is a debugging feature, we report the error
+ // directly and exit.
+ if (EC)
+ reportOpenError(Path, EC.message());
+ WriteIndexToFile(Index, OS);
+ return true;
+ };
+
+ return Error::success();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+std::unique_ptr<TargetMachine>
+createTargetMachine(Config &Conf, StringRef TheTriple,
+ const Target *TheTarget) {
+ SubtargetFeatures Features;
+ Features.getDefaultSubtargetFeatures(Triple(TheTriple));
+ for (const std::string &A : Conf.MAttrs)
+ Features.AddFeature(A);
+
+ return std::unique_ptr<TargetMachine>(TheTarget->createTargetMachine(
+ TheTriple, Conf.CPU, Features.getString(), Conf.Options, Conf.RelocModel,
+ Conf.CodeModel, Conf.CGOptLevel));
+}
+
+static void runNewPMCustomPasses(Module &Mod, TargetMachine *TM,
+ std::string PipelineDesc,
+ std::string AAPipelineDesc,
+ bool DisableVerify) {
+ PassBuilder PB(TM);
+ AAManager AA;
+
+ // Parse a custom AA pipeline if asked to.
+ if (!AAPipelineDesc.empty())
+ if (!PB.parseAAPipeline(AA, AAPipelineDesc))
+ report_fatal_error("unable to parse AA pipeline description: " +
+ AAPipelineDesc);
+
+ LoopAnalysisManager LAM;
+ FunctionAnalysisManager FAM;
+ CGSCCAnalysisManager CGAM;
+ ModuleAnalysisManager MAM;
+
+ // Register the AA manager first so that our version is the one used.
+ FAM.registerPass([&] { return std::move(AA); });
+
+ // Register all the basic analyses with the managers.
+ PB.registerModuleAnalyses(MAM);
+ PB.registerCGSCCAnalyses(CGAM);
+ PB.registerFunctionAnalyses(FAM);
+ PB.registerLoopAnalyses(LAM);
+ PB.crossRegisterProxies(LAM, FAM, CGAM, MAM);
+
+ ModulePassManager MPM;
+
+ // Always verify the input.
+ MPM.addPass(VerifierPass());
+
+ // Now, add all the passes we've been requested to.
+ if (!PB.parsePassPipeline(MPM, PipelineDesc))
+ report_fatal_error("unable to parse pass pipeline description: " +
+ PipelineDesc);
+
+ if (!DisableVerify)
+ MPM.addPass(VerifierPass());
+ MPM.run(Mod, MAM);
+}
+
+static void runOldPMPasses(Config &Conf, Module &Mod, TargetMachine *TM,
+ bool IsThinLTO) {
+ legacy::PassManager passes;
+ passes.add(createTargetTransformInfoWrapperPass(TM->getTargetIRAnalysis()));
+
+ PassManagerBuilder PMB;
+ PMB.LibraryInfo = new TargetLibraryInfoImpl(Triple(TM->getTargetTriple()));
+ PMB.Inliner = createFunctionInliningPass();
+ // Unconditionally verify input since it is not verified before this
+ // point and has unknown origin.
+ PMB.VerifyInput = true;
+ PMB.VerifyOutput = !Conf.DisableVerify;
+ PMB.LoopVectorize = true;
+ PMB.SLPVectorize = true;
+ PMB.OptLevel = Conf.OptLevel;
+ PMB.PGOSampleUse = Conf.SampleProfile;
+ if (IsThinLTO)
+ PMB.populateThinLTOPassManager(passes);
+ else
+ PMB.populateLTOPassManager(passes);
+ passes.run(Mod);
+}
+
+bool opt(Config &Conf, TargetMachine *TM, unsigned Task, Module &Mod,
+ bool IsThinLTO) {
+ if (Conf.OptPipeline.empty())
+ runOldPMPasses(Conf, Mod, TM, IsThinLTO);
+ else
+ runNewPMCustomPasses(Mod, TM, Conf.OptPipeline, Conf.AAPipeline,
+ Conf.DisableVerify);
+ return !Conf.PostOptModuleHook || Conf.PostOptModuleHook(Task, Mod);
+}
+
+void codegen(Config &Conf, TargetMachine *TM, AddStreamFn AddStream,
+ unsigned Task, Module &Mod) {
+ if (Conf.PreCodeGenModuleHook && !Conf.PreCodeGenModuleHook(Task, Mod))
+ return;
+
+ auto Stream = AddStream(Task);
+ legacy::PassManager CodeGenPasses;
+ if (TM->addPassesToEmitFile(CodeGenPasses, *Stream->OS,
+ TargetMachine::CGFT_ObjectFile))
+ report_fatal_error("Failed to setup codegen");
+ CodeGenPasses.run(Mod);
+}
+
+void splitCodeGen(Config &C, TargetMachine *TM, AddStreamFn AddStream,
+ unsigned ParallelCodeGenParallelismLevel,
+ std::unique_ptr<Module> Mod) {
+ ThreadPool CodegenThreadPool(ParallelCodeGenParallelismLevel);
+ unsigned ThreadCount = 0;
+ const Target *T = &TM->getTarget();
+
+ SplitModule(
+ std::move(Mod), ParallelCodeGenParallelismLevel,
+ [&](std::unique_ptr<Module> MPart) {
+ // We want to clone the module in a new context to multi-thread the
+ // codegen. We do it by serializing partition modules to bitcode
+ // (while still on the main thread, in order to avoid data races) and
+ // spinning up new threads which deserialize the partitions into
+ // separate contexts.
+ // FIXME: Provide a more direct way to do this in LLVM.
+ SmallString<0> BC;
+ raw_svector_ostream BCOS(BC);
+ WriteBitcodeToFile(MPart.get(), BCOS);
+
+ // Enqueue the task
+ CodegenThreadPool.async(
+ [&](const SmallString<0> &BC, unsigned ThreadId) {
+ LTOLLVMContext Ctx(C);
+ Expected<std::unique_ptr<Module>> MOrErr = parseBitcodeFile(
+ MemoryBufferRef(StringRef(BC.data(), BC.size()), "ld-temp.o"),
+ Ctx);
+ if (!MOrErr)
+ report_fatal_error("Failed to read bitcode");
+ std::unique_ptr<Module> MPartInCtx = std::move(MOrErr.get());
+
+ std::unique_ptr<TargetMachine> TM =
+ createTargetMachine(C, MPartInCtx->getTargetTriple(), T);
+
+ codegen(C, TM.get(), AddStream, ThreadId, *MPartInCtx);
+ },
+ // Pass BC using std::move to ensure that it get moved rather than
+ // copied into the thread's context.
+ std::move(BC), ThreadCount++);
+ },
+ false);
+
+ // Because the inner lambda (which runs in a worker thread) captures our local
+ // variables, we need to wait for the worker threads to terminate before we
+ // can leave the function scope.
+ CodegenThreadPool.wait();
+}
+
+Expected<const Target *> initAndLookupTarget(Config &C, Module &Mod) {
+ if (!C.OverrideTriple.empty())
+ Mod.setTargetTriple(C.OverrideTriple);
+ else if (Mod.getTargetTriple().empty())
+ Mod.setTargetTriple(C.DefaultTriple);
+
+ std::string Msg;
+ const Target *T = TargetRegistry::lookupTarget(Mod.getTargetTriple(), Msg);
+ if (!T)
+ return make_error<StringError>(Msg, inconvertibleErrorCode());
+ return T;
+}
+
+}
+
+static void handleAsmUndefinedRefs(Module &Mod, TargetMachine &TM) {
+ // Collect the list of undefined symbols used in asm and update
+ // llvm.compiler.used to prevent optimization to drop these from the output.
+ StringSet<> AsmUndefinedRefs;
+ ModuleSymbolTable::CollectAsmSymbols(
+ Triple(Mod.getTargetTriple()), Mod.getModuleInlineAsm(),
+ [&AsmUndefinedRefs](StringRef Name, object::BasicSymbolRef::Flags Flags) {
+ if (Flags & object::BasicSymbolRef::SF_Undefined)
+ AsmUndefinedRefs.insert(Name);
+ });
+ updateCompilerUsed(Mod, TM, AsmUndefinedRefs);
+}
+
+Error lto::backend(Config &C, AddStreamFn AddStream,
+ unsigned ParallelCodeGenParallelismLevel,
+ std::unique_ptr<Module> Mod) {
+ Expected<const Target *> TOrErr = initAndLookupTarget(C, *Mod);
+ if (!TOrErr)
+ return TOrErr.takeError();
+
+ std::unique_ptr<TargetMachine> TM =
+ createTargetMachine(C, Mod->getTargetTriple(), *TOrErr);
+
+ handleAsmUndefinedRefs(*Mod, *TM);
+
+ if (!C.CodeGenOnly)
+ if (!opt(C, TM.get(), 0, *Mod, /*IsThinLTO=*/false))
+ return Error::success();
+
+ if (ParallelCodeGenParallelismLevel == 1) {
+ codegen(C, TM.get(), AddStream, 0, *Mod);
+ } else {
+ splitCodeGen(C, TM.get(), AddStream, ParallelCodeGenParallelismLevel,
+ std::move(Mod));
+ }
+ return Error::success();
+}
+
+Error lto::thinBackend(Config &Conf, unsigned Task, AddStreamFn AddStream,
+ Module &Mod, ModuleSummaryIndex &CombinedIndex,
+ const FunctionImporter::ImportMapTy &ImportList,
+ const GVSummaryMapTy &DefinedGlobals,
+ MapVector<StringRef, BitcodeModule> &ModuleMap) {
+ Expected<const Target *> TOrErr = initAndLookupTarget(Conf, Mod);
+ if (!TOrErr)
+ return TOrErr.takeError();
+
+ std::unique_ptr<TargetMachine> TM =
+ createTargetMachine(Conf, Mod.getTargetTriple(), *TOrErr);
+
+ handleAsmUndefinedRefs(Mod, *TM);
+
+ if (Conf.CodeGenOnly) {
+ codegen(Conf, TM.get(), AddStream, Task, Mod);
+ return Error::success();
+ }
+
+ if (Conf.PreOptModuleHook && !Conf.PreOptModuleHook(Task, Mod))
+ return Error::success();
+
+ renameModuleForThinLTO(Mod, CombinedIndex);
+
+ thinLTOResolveWeakForLinkerModule(Mod, DefinedGlobals);
+
+ if (Conf.PostPromoteModuleHook && !Conf.PostPromoteModuleHook(Task, Mod))
+ return Error::success();
+
+ if (!DefinedGlobals.empty())
+ thinLTOInternalizeModule(Mod, DefinedGlobals);
+
+ if (Conf.PostInternalizeModuleHook &&
+ !Conf.PostInternalizeModuleHook(Task, Mod))
+ return Error::success();
+
+ auto ModuleLoader = [&](StringRef Identifier) {
+ assert(Mod.getContext().isODRUniquingDebugTypes() &&
+ "ODR Type uniquing should be enabled on the context");
+ auto I = ModuleMap.find(Identifier);
+ assert(I != ModuleMap.end());
+ return I->second.getLazyModule(Mod.getContext(),
+ /*ShouldLazyLoadMetadata=*/true,
+ /*IsImporting*/ true);
+ };
+
+ FunctionImporter Importer(CombinedIndex, ModuleLoader);
+ if (Error Err = Importer.importFunctions(Mod, ImportList).takeError())
+ return Err;
+
+ if (Conf.PostImportModuleHook && !Conf.PostImportModuleHook(Task, Mod))
+ return Error::success();
+
+ if (!opt(Conf, TM.get(), Task, Mod, /*IsThinLTO=*/true))
+ return Error::success();
+
+ codegen(Conf, TM.get(), AddStream, Task, Mod);
+ return Error::success();
+}
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