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+//===-- BranchProbabilityInfo.cpp - Branch Probability Analysis -----------===//
+//
+// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Loops should be simplified before this analysis.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "llvm/Analysis/BranchProbabilityInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/PostOrderIterator.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
+#include "llvm/IR/Metadata.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CFG.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+
+using namespace llvm;
+
+INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(BranchProbabilityInfo, "branch-prob",
+ "Branch Probability Analysis", false, true)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(LoopInfo)
+INITIALIZE_PASS_END(BranchProbabilityInfo, "branch-prob",
+ "Branch Probability Analysis", false, true)
+
+char BranchProbabilityInfo::ID = 0;
+
+// Weights are for internal use only. They are used by heuristics to help to
+// estimate edges' probability. Example:
+//
+// Using "Loop Branch Heuristics" we predict weights of edges for the
+// block BB2.
+// ...
+// |
+// V
+// BB1<-+
+// | |
+// | | (Weight = 124)
+// V |
+// BB2--+
+// |
+// | (Weight = 4)
+// V
+// BB3
+//
+// Probability of the edge BB2->BB1 = 124 / (124 + 4) = 0.96875
+// Probability of the edge BB2->BB3 = 4 / (124 + 4) = 0.03125
+static const uint32_t LBH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 124;
+static const uint32_t LBH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 4;
+
+/// \brief Unreachable-terminating branch taken weight.
+///
+/// This is the weight for a branch being taken to a block that terminates
+/// (eventually) in unreachable. These are predicted as unlikely as possible.
+static const uint32_t UR_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 1;
+
+/// \brief Unreachable-terminating branch not-taken weight.
+///
+/// This is the weight for a branch not being taken toward a block that
+/// terminates (eventually) in unreachable. Such a branch is essentially never
+/// taken. Set the weight to an absurdly high value so that nested loops don't
+/// easily subsume it.
+static const uint32_t UR_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 1024*1024 - 1;
+
+static const uint32_t PH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 20;
+static const uint32_t PH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 12;
+
+static const uint32_t ZH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 20;
+static const uint32_t ZH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 12;
+
+static const uint32_t FPH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 20;
+static const uint32_t FPH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 12;
+
+/// \brief Invoke-terminating normal branch taken weight
+///
+/// This is the weight for branching to the normal destination of an invoke
+/// instruction. We expect this to happen most of the time. Set the weight to an
+/// absurdly high value so that nested loops subsume it.
+static const uint32_t IH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 1024 * 1024 - 1;
+
+/// \brief Invoke-terminating normal branch not-taken weight.
+///
+/// This is the weight for branching to the unwind destination of an invoke
+/// instruction. This is essentially never taken.
+static const uint32_t IH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 1;
+
+// Standard weight value. Used when none of the heuristics set weight for
+// the edge.
+static const uint32_t NORMAL_WEIGHT = 16;
+
+// Minimum weight of an edge. Please note, that weight is NEVER 0.
+static const uint32_t MIN_WEIGHT = 1;
+
+static uint32_t getMaxWeightFor(BasicBlock *BB) {
+ return UINT32_MAX / BB->getTerminator()->getNumSuccessors();
+}
+
+
+/// \brief Calculate edge weights for successors lead to unreachable.
+///
+/// Predict that a successor which leads necessarily to an
+/// unreachable-terminated block as extremely unlikely.
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcUnreachableHeuristics(BasicBlock *BB) {
+ TerminatorInst *TI = BB->getTerminator();
+ if (TI->getNumSuccessors() == 0) {
+ if (isa<UnreachableInst>(TI))
+ PostDominatedByUnreachable.insert(BB);
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ SmallVector<unsigned, 4> UnreachableEdges;
+ SmallVector<unsigned, 4> ReachableEdges;
+
+ for (succ_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) {
+ if (PostDominatedByUnreachable.count(*I))
+ UnreachableEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex());
+ else
+ ReachableEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex());
+ }
+
+ // If all successors are in the set of blocks post-dominated by unreachable,
+ // this block is too.
+ if (UnreachableEdges.size() == TI->getNumSuccessors())
+ PostDominatedByUnreachable.insert(BB);
+
+ // Skip probabilities if this block has a single successor or if all were
+ // reachable.
+ if (TI->getNumSuccessors() == 1 || UnreachableEdges.empty())
+ return false;
+
+ uint32_t UnreachableWeight =
+ std::max(UR_TAKEN_WEIGHT / (unsigned)UnreachableEdges.size(), MIN_WEIGHT);
+ for (SmallVector<unsigned, 4>::iterator I = UnreachableEdges.begin(),
+ E = UnreachableEdges.end();
+ I != E; ++I)
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, *I, UnreachableWeight);
+
+ if (ReachableEdges.empty())
+ return true;
+ uint32_t ReachableWeight =
+ std::max(UR_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT / (unsigned)ReachableEdges.size(),
+ NORMAL_WEIGHT);
+ for (SmallVector<unsigned, 4>::iterator I = ReachableEdges.begin(),
+ E = ReachableEdges.end();
+ I != E; ++I)
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, *I, ReachableWeight);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+// Propagate existing explicit probabilities from either profile data or
+// 'expect' intrinsic processing.
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcMetadataWeights(BasicBlock *BB) {
+ TerminatorInst *TI = BB->getTerminator();
+ if (TI->getNumSuccessors() == 1)
+ return false;
+ if (!isa<BranchInst>(TI) && !isa<SwitchInst>(TI))
+ return false;
+
+ MDNode *WeightsNode = TI->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_prof);
+ if (!WeightsNode)
+ return false;
+
+ // Ensure there are weights for all of the successors. Note that the first
+ // operand to the metadata node is a name, not a weight.
+ if (WeightsNode->getNumOperands() != TI->getNumSuccessors() + 1)
+ return false;
+
+ // Build up the final weights that will be used in a temporary buffer, but
+ // don't add them until all weihts are present. Each weight value is clamped
+ // to [1, getMaxWeightFor(BB)].
+ uint32_t WeightLimit = getMaxWeightFor(BB);
+ SmallVector<uint32_t, 2> Weights;
+ Weights.reserve(TI->getNumSuccessors());
+ for (unsigned i = 1, e = WeightsNode->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
+ ConstantInt *Weight = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(WeightsNode->getOperand(i));
+ if (!Weight)
+ return false;
+ Weights.push_back(
+ std::max<uint32_t>(1, Weight->getLimitedValue(WeightLimit)));
+ }
+ assert(Weights.size() == TI->getNumSuccessors() && "Checked above");
+ for (unsigned i = 0, e = TI->getNumSuccessors(); i != e; ++i)
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, i, Weights[i]);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+// Calculate Edge Weights using "Pointer Heuristics". Predict a comparsion
+// between two pointer or pointer and NULL will fail.
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcPointerHeuristics(BasicBlock *BB) {
+ BranchInst * BI = dyn_cast<BranchInst>(BB->getTerminator());
+ if (!BI || !BI->isConditional())
+ return false;
+
+ Value *Cond = BI->getCondition();
+ ICmpInst *CI = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(Cond);
+ if (!CI || !CI->isEquality())
+ return false;
+
+ Value *LHS = CI->getOperand(0);
+
+ if (!LHS->getType()->isPointerTy())
+ return false;
+
+ assert(CI->getOperand(1)->getType()->isPointerTy());
+
+ // p != 0 -> isProb = true
+ // p == 0 -> isProb = false
+ // p != q -> isProb = true
+ // p == q -> isProb = false;
+ unsigned TakenIdx = 0, NonTakenIdx = 1;
+ bool isProb = CI->getPredicate() == ICmpInst::ICMP_NE;
+ if (!isProb)
+ std::swap(TakenIdx, NonTakenIdx);
+
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, TakenIdx, PH_TAKEN_WEIGHT);
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, NonTakenIdx, PH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT);
+ return true;
+}
+
+// Calculate Edge Weights using "Loop Branch Heuristics". Predict backedges
+// as taken, exiting edges as not-taken.
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcLoopBranchHeuristics(BasicBlock *BB) {
+ Loop *L = LI->getLoopFor(BB);
+ if (!L)
+ return false;
+
+ SmallVector<unsigned, 8> BackEdges;
+ SmallVector<unsigned, 8> ExitingEdges;
+ SmallVector<unsigned, 8> InEdges; // Edges from header to the loop.
+
+ for (succ_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) {
+ if (!L->contains(*I))
+ ExitingEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex());
+ else if (L->getHeader() == *I)
+ BackEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex());
+ else
+ InEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex());
+ }
+
+ if (uint32_t numBackEdges = BackEdges.size()) {
+ uint32_t backWeight = LBH_TAKEN_WEIGHT / numBackEdges;
+ if (backWeight < NORMAL_WEIGHT)
+ backWeight = NORMAL_WEIGHT;
+
+ for (SmallVector<unsigned, 8>::iterator EI = BackEdges.begin(),
+ EE = BackEdges.end(); EI != EE; ++EI) {
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, *EI, backWeight);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (uint32_t numInEdges = InEdges.size()) {
+ uint32_t inWeight = LBH_TAKEN_WEIGHT / numInEdges;
+ if (inWeight < NORMAL_WEIGHT)
+ inWeight = NORMAL_WEIGHT;
+
+ for (SmallVector<unsigned, 8>::iterator EI = InEdges.begin(),
+ EE = InEdges.end(); EI != EE; ++EI) {
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, *EI, inWeight);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (uint32_t numExitingEdges = ExitingEdges.size()) {
+ uint32_t exitWeight = LBH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT / numExitingEdges;
+ if (exitWeight < MIN_WEIGHT)
+ exitWeight = MIN_WEIGHT;
+
+ for (SmallVector<unsigned, 8>::iterator EI = ExitingEdges.begin(),
+ EE = ExitingEdges.end(); EI != EE; ++EI) {
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, *EI, exitWeight);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcZeroHeuristics(BasicBlock *BB) {
+ BranchInst * BI = dyn_cast<BranchInst>(BB->getTerminator());
+ if (!BI || !BI->isConditional())
+ return false;
+
+ Value *Cond = BI->getCondition();
+ ICmpInst *CI = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(Cond);
+ if (!CI)
+ return false;
+
+ Value *RHS = CI->getOperand(1);
+ ConstantInt *CV = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(RHS);
+ if (!CV)
+ return false;
+
+ bool isProb;
+ if (CV->isZero()) {
+ switch (CI->getPredicate()) {
+ case CmpInst::ICMP_EQ:
+ // X == 0 -> Unlikely
+ isProb = false;
+ break;
+ case CmpInst::ICMP_NE:
+ // X != 0 -> Likely
+ isProb = true;
+ break;
+ case CmpInst::ICMP_SLT:
+ // X < 0 -> Unlikely
+ isProb = false;
+ break;
+ case CmpInst::ICMP_SGT:
+ // X > 0 -> Likely
+ isProb = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ return false;
+ }
+ } else if (CV->isOne() && CI->getPredicate() == CmpInst::ICMP_SLT) {
+ // InstCombine canonicalizes X <= 0 into X < 1.
+ // X <= 0 -> Unlikely
+ isProb = false;
+ } else if (CV->isAllOnesValue() && CI->getPredicate() == CmpInst::ICMP_SGT) {
+ // InstCombine canonicalizes X >= 0 into X > -1.
+ // X >= 0 -> Likely
+ isProb = true;
+ } else {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ unsigned TakenIdx = 0, NonTakenIdx = 1;
+
+ if (!isProb)
+ std::swap(TakenIdx, NonTakenIdx);
+
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, TakenIdx, ZH_TAKEN_WEIGHT);
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, NonTakenIdx, ZH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcFloatingPointHeuristics(BasicBlock *BB) {
+ BranchInst *BI = dyn_cast<BranchInst>(BB->getTerminator());
+ if (!BI || !BI->isConditional())
+ return false;
+
+ Value *Cond = BI->getCondition();
+ FCmpInst *FCmp = dyn_cast<FCmpInst>(Cond);
+ if (!FCmp)
+ return false;
+
+ bool isProb;
+ if (FCmp->isEquality()) {
+ // f1 == f2 -> Unlikely
+ // f1 != f2 -> Likely
+ isProb = !FCmp->isTrueWhenEqual();
+ } else if (FCmp->getPredicate() == FCmpInst::FCMP_ORD) {
+ // !isnan -> Likely
+ isProb = true;
+ } else if (FCmp->getPredicate() == FCmpInst::FCMP_UNO) {
+ // isnan -> Unlikely
+ isProb = false;
+ } else {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ unsigned TakenIdx = 0, NonTakenIdx = 1;
+
+ if (!isProb)
+ std::swap(TakenIdx, NonTakenIdx);
+
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, TakenIdx, FPH_TAKEN_WEIGHT);
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, NonTakenIdx, FPH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcInvokeHeuristics(BasicBlock *BB) {
+ InvokeInst *II = dyn_cast<InvokeInst>(BB->getTerminator());
+ if (!II)
+ return false;
+
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, 0/*Index for Normal*/, IH_TAKEN_WEIGHT);
+ setEdgeWeight(BB, 1/*Index for Unwind*/, IH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT);
+ return true;
+}
+
+void BranchProbabilityInfo::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
+ AU.addRequired<LoopInfo>();
+ AU.setPreservesAll();
+}
+
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
+ LastF = &F; // Store the last function we ran on for printing.
+ LI = &getAnalysis<LoopInfo>();
+ assert(PostDominatedByUnreachable.empty());
+
+ // Walk the basic blocks in post-order so that we can build up state about
+ // the successors of a block iteratively.
+ for (po_iterator<BasicBlock *> I = po_begin(&F.getEntryBlock()),
+ E = po_end(&F.getEntryBlock());
+ I != E; ++I) {
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << "Computing probabilities for " << I->getName() << "\n");
+ if (calcUnreachableHeuristics(*I))
+ continue;
+ if (calcMetadataWeights(*I))
+ continue;
+ if (calcLoopBranchHeuristics(*I))
+ continue;
+ if (calcPointerHeuristics(*I))
+ continue;
+ if (calcZeroHeuristics(*I))
+ continue;
+ if (calcFloatingPointHeuristics(*I))
+ continue;
+ calcInvokeHeuristics(*I);
+ }
+
+ PostDominatedByUnreachable.clear();
+ return false;
+}
+
+void BranchProbabilityInfo::print(raw_ostream &OS, const Module *) const {
+ OS << "---- Branch Probabilities ----\n";
+ // We print the probabilities from the last function the analysis ran over,
+ // or the function it is currently running over.
+ assert(LastF && "Cannot print prior to running over a function");
+ for (Function::const_iterator BI = LastF->begin(), BE = LastF->end();
+ BI != BE; ++BI) {
+ for (succ_const_iterator SI = succ_begin(BI), SE = succ_end(BI);
+ SI != SE; ++SI) {
+ printEdgeProbability(OS << " ", BI, *SI);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+uint32_t BranchProbabilityInfo::getSumForBlock(const BasicBlock *BB) const {
+ uint32_t Sum = 0;
+
+ for (succ_const_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) {
+ uint32_t Weight = getEdgeWeight(BB, I.getSuccessorIndex());
+ uint32_t PrevSum = Sum;
+
+ Sum += Weight;
+ assert(Sum > PrevSum); (void) PrevSum;
+ }
+
+ return Sum;
+}
+
+bool BranchProbabilityInfo::
+isEdgeHot(const BasicBlock *Src, const BasicBlock *Dst) const {
+ // Hot probability is at least 4/5 = 80%
+ // FIXME: Compare against a static "hot" BranchProbability.
+ return getEdgeProbability(Src, Dst) > BranchProbability(4, 5);
+}
+
+BasicBlock *BranchProbabilityInfo::getHotSucc(BasicBlock *BB) const {
+ uint32_t Sum = 0;
+ uint32_t MaxWeight = 0;
+ BasicBlock *MaxSucc = 0;
+
+ for (succ_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) {
+ BasicBlock *Succ = *I;
+ uint32_t Weight = getEdgeWeight(BB, Succ);
+ uint32_t PrevSum = Sum;
+
+ Sum += Weight;
+ assert(Sum > PrevSum); (void) PrevSum;
+
+ if (Weight > MaxWeight) {
+ MaxWeight = Weight;
+ MaxSucc = Succ;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Hot probability is at least 4/5 = 80%
+ if (BranchProbability(MaxWeight, Sum) > BranchProbability(4, 5))
+ return MaxSucc;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/// Get the raw edge weight for the edge. If can't find it, return
+/// DEFAULT_WEIGHT value. Here an edge is specified using PredBlock and an index
+/// to the successors.
+uint32_t BranchProbabilityInfo::
+getEdgeWeight(const BasicBlock *Src, unsigned IndexInSuccessors) const {
+ DenseMap<Edge, uint32_t>::const_iterator I =
+ Weights.find(std::make_pair(Src, IndexInSuccessors));
+
+ if (I != Weights.end())
+ return I->second;
+
+ return DEFAULT_WEIGHT;
+}
+
+/// Get the raw edge weight calculated for the block pair. This returns the sum
+/// of all raw edge weights from Src to Dst.
+uint32_t BranchProbabilityInfo::
+getEdgeWeight(const BasicBlock *Src, const BasicBlock *Dst) const {
+ uint32_t Weight = 0;
+ DenseMap<Edge, uint32_t>::const_iterator MapI;
+ for (succ_const_iterator I = succ_begin(Src), E = succ_end(Src); I != E; ++I)
+ if (*I == Dst) {
+ MapI = Weights.find(std::make_pair(Src, I.getSuccessorIndex()));
+ if (MapI != Weights.end())
+ Weight += MapI->second;
+ }
+ return (Weight == 0) ? DEFAULT_WEIGHT : Weight;
+}
+
+/// Set the edge weight for a given edge specified by PredBlock and an index
+/// to the successors.
+void BranchProbabilityInfo::
+setEdgeWeight(const BasicBlock *Src, unsigned IndexInSuccessors,
+ uint32_t Weight) {
+ Weights[std::make_pair(Src, IndexInSuccessors)] = Weight;
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << "set edge " << Src->getName() << " -> "
+ << IndexInSuccessors << " successor weight to "
+ << Weight << "\n");
+}
+
+/// Get an edge's probability, relative to other out-edges from Src.
+BranchProbability BranchProbabilityInfo::
+getEdgeProbability(const BasicBlock *Src, unsigned IndexInSuccessors) const {
+ uint32_t N = getEdgeWeight(Src, IndexInSuccessors);
+ uint32_t D = getSumForBlock(Src);
+
+ return BranchProbability(N, D);
+}
+
+/// Get the probability of going from Src to Dst. It returns the sum of all
+/// probabilities for edges from Src to Dst.
+BranchProbability BranchProbabilityInfo::
+getEdgeProbability(const BasicBlock *Src, const BasicBlock *Dst) const {
+
+ uint32_t N = getEdgeWeight(Src, Dst);
+ uint32_t D = getSumForBlock(Src);
+
+ return BranchProbability(N, D);
+}
+
+raw_ostream &
+BranchProbabilityInfo::printEdgeProbability(raw_ostream &OS,
+ const BasicBlock *Src,
+ const BasicBlock *Dst) const {
+
+ const BranchProbability Prob = getEdgeProbability(Src, Dst);
+ OS << "edge " << Src->getName() << " -> " << Dst->getName()
+ << " probability is " << Prob
+ << (isEdgeHot(Src, Dst) ? " [HOT edge]\n" : "\n");
+
+ return OS;
+}
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